The Star Almanac[A5]

The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors Her Majesty’s Almanac Office

NP321 - 2017 electronic edition

About e-SA Bookmarks Page Finder Stars by Constellations THE STAR ALMANAC — ELECTRONIC EDITION

ABOUT the e-SA 2017

This electronic edition of The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors (e-SA) is the paper edition in electronic form which is produced by H.M.Nautical Almanac Ofﬁce part of the UK Hydrographic Ofﬁce.

The e-SA is the SA with bookmarks and extra “pages” that provide links that allows easy navigation to all the tables, examples and sections of the explanation.

The pages are most usefully viewed as facing pages so both left-hand and right-hand pages are visible at the same time. If the option ‘Return to the previous page viewed’ is readily available, then this will make returning to the previous page e.g. the Book mark pages that lists all the sections and tables or the Page Finder, which gives links to all the tabular material, easy. The list of stars by constellations with Bayer letter and star number gives links for navigating to the correct left-hand page that lists the right ascensions. This star ﬁnder is listed over two pages. There are also navigation boxes to these initial pages at the bottom of each page. Pages may also be navigated to from the bookmark-sidebar.

H.M.Nautical Almanac Ofﬁce United Kingdom Hydrographic Ofﬁce

UNITED KINGDOM

HM Nautical Almanac Ofﬁce — http://astro.ukho.gov.uk

This publication is protected by international copyright law. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of UK Hydrographic Ofﬁce, Admiralty Way, Taunton, Somerset, TA1 2DN, United Kingdom.

e-SA Cover Bookmarks Page Finder Stars by Constellation THE STAR ALMANAC 2017 — BOOKMARKS

DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS Preface and Copyright Ephemeris of the Sun and Interpolation Table Introduction Polynomial Coefﬁcients for R and Sun Time & Hour Angle GHA Aries R, GHA Sun E & Interpolation Table for R Critical Tables Conversion of GST to UT1 Planet and Eclipse Notes Apparent Places of Stars and Circumpolar Stars Interpolation Table for Stars EXAMPLES Polaris Table Find the times of sunrise & sunset Star Charts and Index to Places of Stars Find latitude using Sun, a star or Polaris Radio Time Signals GHA & Dec of Sun: tabular, monthly coefﬁcients Refraction Tables Transit time (UT1) for a star Natural Secants GHA, RA and Dec of 2 stars Conversion to Degrees and Days RA and Dec of Polaris Table for Circum-Meridian Observations UT1 of upper transit of a circumpolar star Conversion of Time to Arc Conversion of GST to UT1 Index to Places of Stars

TABLES & CHARTS R & SUN STARS Tabular and Coefﬁcients Page Finder Apparent Places by number Page Finder Interpolation Table for R:0 h-2h,2 h-4h,4 h-6h Constellations, Names & Daylight Stars Page Finder Interpolation Table for the Sun Northern& Southern Circumpolar Stars Polaris Table, LST:0 h-6h,6 h-12h, 12h-18h, 18h-24h CORRECTION & CONVERSION TABLES Charts: Northern, Southern Circum-meridian observations correcting factor Equatorial RA 0h-12h, RA 12h-24h, Conversion decimals of degree and of a day Interpolation Table for Stars Conversion time to arc Natural Secants Refraction: altitudes0 ◦- 90◦; corrections for pressure 1080-850& 840-610 mb & temperature

e-SA Cover About e-SA Page Finder Stars by Constellation THE STAR ALMANAC 2017 — PAGE FINDER

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC R & Sun Declination, E, SD & Rise and Set Times 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Rise Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Set Rise Phases of the Moon 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 1-16 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31 17-31

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

Star Nos. Coordinate Brighter and Daylight (d) Stars

1– 50RA Dec Name Number Name Number Name Number 51–100RA Dec Achernar α Eri 32d Canopus α Car 179d Pollux β Gem 216d 101–150RA Dec Aldebaran α Tau 116d Capella α Aur 136d Procyon α CMi 212d 151–200RA Dec Algol 70 Castor 210 201–250RA Dec Altair α Aql 548d Regulus α Leo 273d 251–300RA Dec Antares α Sco 441d Deneb α Cygni 571d Rigel β Ori 135d Arcturus α Boo 369d Denebola 316 301–350RA Dec Dubhe 298 Sirius α CMa 185d 351–400RA Dec Bellatrix 140 Spica α Vir 353d 401–450RA Dec Betelgeuse α Ori 162d Fomalhaut α PsA 632d 451–500RA Dec Vega α Lyrae 514d α Crucis 328d Polaris NP 501–550RA Dec α Centauri 379d Polaris Table 551–600RA Dec β Centauri 364d σ Octantis SP 601–650RA Dec >650RA Dec Northern Circumpolar Southern Circumpolar

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Andromedae Aurigae Capricorni Cephei Corvi Equulei α 1 β 24 α 136 β 166 α2 561 β 562 α 587 β 592 β 335 γ 324 α 584 γ 45 δ 12 δ 165 127 γ 595 δ 601 γ 647 δ 616 δ 330 321 ζ 15 ι 646 ζ 128 η 131 ζ 591 θ 581 ζ 610 η 574 Coronae Aust. κ 649 λ 645 θ 167 ι 126 ι 588 ψ 573 θ 566 ι 628 α 532 Eridani µ 19 ν 17 κ 172 ν 159 ω 577 κ 557 µ 597 α 32 β 132 Crateris γ 96 δ 84 o 634 υ 30 ν 600 π 669 α 296 γ 308 Carinae 80 η 64  31 Bootis BS NP α 179 β 253 δ 305 α 369 β 392 BS 653 θ 65 ι 56 228 θ 291 Crucis Antliae γ 377 δ 396 BS 654 κ 52 λ 133 ι 255 υ 268 α 328 β 340 α 284 385 ζ 380 BS 655 µ 121 ν 118 χ 220 ω 275 γ 331 δ 322 1 3 η 361 θ 374 BS NP o 103 τ 67 I 282 a 252 327 5 6 Apodis λ 371 µ 404 BS NP τ 81 τ 89 α 386 β 683 l 267 u 295 Cygni 2 4 ρ 376 BS 668 υ 117 υ 109 γ 443 δ1 682 BS 243 α 571 β 542 φ 48 χ 40 η 679 R 681 BS 279 Ceti γ 563 δ 544  73  112 Camelopardalis α 66 β 14 575 ζ 582 α 124 β 129 BS 286  119 Aquarii γ 57 δ 54 η 552 ι 541 BS 78 BS 287 BS 74 α 604 β 593 ζ 35 η 23 κ 536 ν 579 BS 656 BS 299 BS 93 γ 613 δ 631 θ 25 ι 5 ξ 580 o1 560 BS 657 576 ζ 614 Cassiopeiae µ 60 ξ2 53 π2 602 ρ 594 BS 658 η 619 θ 611 α 13 β 2 o 50 π 59 σ 585 τ 583 Fornacis BS 661 ι 605 λ 630 γ 18 δ 26 τ 34 υ 42 υ 586  559 α 72 BS 662 τ 627 φ 639 37 ζ 11  565 η 16 κ 10 Chamaeleontis  637  642 α 673 β 325 Delphini Cancri  651  652 Geminorum γ 289 δ2 675 α 570 β 569 α 244 β 224  44 α 210 β 216 Aquilae 676 ζ 674 567 α 548 β 551 δ 237 ι 239 γ 181 δ 204 θ 227 κ 677 γ 545 δ 540 Centauri Doradus 183 ζ 194 α 379 β 364 α 115 β 146 526 ζ 529 Canis Majoris Circini η 171 θ 189 γ 337 δ 320 γ 108 η 549 θ 558 α 185 β 177 α 382 β 397 ι 206 κ 215 356 ζ 362 λ 530 γ 195 δ 196 Draconis λ 202 µ 176 η 378 θ 367 Columbae α 365 β 478 191 ζ 174 α 152 β 160 ν 180 ξ 184 ι 351 κ 391 γ 494 δ 534 Arae η 205 θ 190 γ 164 δ 175 ρ 208 υ 211 α 479 β 470 κ 187 o2 193 λ 311 µ 360 547 ζ 463 2 143 η 168  169 γ 471 δ 475 σ 192 ω 200 ν 359 ξ 347 η 440 θ 429 1 461 ζ 460 π 307 σ 329 Comae Ber. ι 405 κ 333 β 349 η 452 θ 499 Canis Minoris ψ 373 d 354 λ 309 ξ 492 Gruis α 212 β 207 v 372  357 Coronae Bor. χ 508  665 α 607 β 622 1 Arietis BS 315 α 410 β 406  666  667 γ 603 δ 615 α 46 β 39 Canum Venat. BS 341 γ 415 425 BS 659 626 ζ 633  61 α 344 β 334 BS 384 θ 407 BS 660 ι 638

e-SA Cover About e-SA Bookmarks Page Finder Continued ... THE STAR ALMANAC 2017—STAR PAGE FINDER (H-Z)

Herculis Leporis Octantis Persei Pyxidis Tauri Ursae Minoris α 466 β 442 α 145 β 142 α 684 β 624 α 75 β 70 α 236 γ 241 α 116 β 141 α NP β 389 γ 439 δ 467 γ 154 δ 161 δ 680 685 γ 68 δ 83 γ 110 δ 111 γ 402 δ NP Reticuli 462 ζ 449 130 ζ 155 ζ SP θ 670 95 ζ 94 α 106 β 88 113 ζ 150 453 ζ 417 η 450 θ 493 ι SP ν 596 η 62 θ 58 η 90 θ2 114 η 664  663 Leporis δ 98 ι 484 λ 477 η 163 λ 138 σ SP τ SP ι 71 λ 101 λ 99 µ 107  375 Sagittae µ 488 ξ 495 µ 134 χ SP µ 104 ν 87 ν 100 ξ 77 o 501 π 468 ξ 97 o 85 β 543 γ 553 o 76 τ 120 Ophiuchi Librae δ 546 σ 446 τ 437 α 481 β 486 ρ 69 τ 63  79  82 α2 388 β 398 φ 432  510 γ 490 δ 433 φ 33  102 Sagittarii  86  92 Velorum γ 411 σ 393 1 2  517  519 435 ζ 448 α 539 β 538 γ 223 δ 238 τ 414 υ 413 γ 498 δ 505 κ 258 λ 251 Horologii η 464 θ 469 Phoenicis Telescopii α 105 Lupi ι 458 κ 459 α 9 β 22 509 ζ 527 µ 292 o 234 1 α 511 α 381 β 390 λ 444 ν 496 γ 27 δ 29 η 503 θ 555 φ 271 ψ 261 Hydrae γ 408 δ 400 σ 473  472 3 κ 8 ι 550 λ 512 N 262 α 259 γ 350 2 403 ζ 395 ψ 38 µ 502 ξ 524 Trianguli BS 233 δ 232 240  474  497 η 427 θ 431 o 528 π 533 α 36 β 47 BS 235 ζ 242 θ 254  500 κ1 394 φ1 401 ρ 537 σ 522 γ 49 BS 247 ι 264 λ 274 Pictoris χ 421 Orionis τ 531 φ 516 BS 250 µ 283 ν 293 α 162 β 135 α 86 β 57 BS 276 ξ 310 π 366 Lyncis γ 140 δ 144 γ 58 Scorpii Triang. Aust. BS 290 BS 229 α 257  173 149 ζ1 153 α 441 β 430 α 451 β 423  226  256 η 139 ι 148 δ 428 454 γ 399 δ 434 Hydri Piscis Aust. 2 BS246 κ 156 λ 147 ζ 457 η 465 412 α 41 β 7 α 632 β 617 1 3 θ 482 ι 489 γ 91 δ 51 Lyrae ν 170 π 122 620 ι 599 4 5 κ 485 λ 480 Virginis α 514 β 520 π 123 π 125 55 ν 671 µ1 455 µ2 456 Tucanae α 353 β 317 γ 525 θ 535 σ 151 τ 137 α 612 γ 641 Indi Piscium π 426 σ 438 γ 338 δ 343 κ 504 R 523 ζ 6 α 568 β 578 Pavonis α 43 γ 640 τ 447 υ 476 346 ζ 355 Mensae α 564 β 572 21 η 28 G 491 N 445 η 326 θ 348 Lacertae α 672 γ 590 δ 556 θ 643 ι 648 ι 370 κ 368 α 618 Ursae Majoris 554 ζ 515 ω 650 Sculptoris µ 383 ν 313 Monocerotis α 20 β 644 α 298 β 297 Leonis η 487 λ 521 α 213 δ 198 γ 318 δ 323 o 319 τ 363 α 273 β 316 ξ 507 Scuti 178 Puppis 342 ζ 352  387 γ1 280 δ 301 α 513 β 518 Pegasi ζ 221 ν 182 η 358 θ 263 266 ζ 277 Muscae α 636 β 635 ξ 218 π 201 Serpentis ι 245 κ 248 η 272 θ 302 α 336 β 339 γ 4 598 ρ 222 σ 209 α 416 β 418 λ 278 µ 281 µ 270 o 265 γ 332 δ 345 1 ζ 621 η 623 τ 188 I 199 γ 424 δ 409 ν 304 ξ 303 Volantis ρ 288 σ 306 ι 678 λ 312 θ 609 ι 606 c 217 422 η 506 o 231 υ 269 α 249 β 230 2 Leonis Min. Normae λ 625 µ 629 BS 219 κ 419 µ 420 χ 314 ψ 300 γ 197 δ 203 β 285  294 γ2 436 π 608  589 BS 225 ξ 483  260 ζ 214

e-SA Cover About e-SA Bookmarks Page Finder Stars by Constellation Calculated by HMNAO and Typeset using TEX The STAR Almanac for land surveyors

FOR THE YEAR 2017

Prepared by HM Nautical Almanac Oﬃce

UNITED KINGDOM HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE c British Crown Copyright 

This publication is protected by international copyright law. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the UK Hydrographic Ofﬁce, Admiralty Way, Taunton, TA1 2DN, United Kingdom.

ISSN −

ISBN --- CONTENTS Pages

Preface ...... v

Introduction ...... vii

Planet notes, Eclipses ...... 

Ephemeris of the Sun (R, Dec, E), sunrise, sunset, Moon’s phases ...... –

Apparent Places of  stars ...... –

Apparent Places of supplementary stars ...... –

Apparent Places of  circumpolar stars ...... –

Polaris Table ...... –

Radio Time Signals ...... –

Refraction Tables ...... –

Auxiliary Tables

Natural secants ...... 

Conversion of minutes, seconds to decimals of a degree ...... 

Conversion of hours, minutes, seconds to decimals of a day ...... 

Table for circum-meridian observations ...... 

Conversion of time to arc ...... 

Interpolation Table for R, mutual conversion of intervals of solar and sidereal time ...... –

Interpolation Tables for Sun and stars ...... 

Polynomial coefﬁcients for R and Sun ...... –

Star charts ...... –

Index of star names and numbers ...... –

GREEK ALPHABET α alpha epsilon ι iota ν nu ρ rho φ phi β beta ζ zeta κ kappa ξ xi σ sigma χ chi γ gamma η eta λ lambda o omicron τ tau ψ psi δ delta θ theta µ mu π pi υ upsilon ω omega Calculated by HMNAO and Typeset using TEX v

PREFACE, 2017

This sixty-seventh edition of the Star Almanac follows closely the model introduced for the year , with some additions and changes introduced in the editions for ,  and .

This is the sixteenth edition that includes a CD-ROM which contains the electronic version. This e-book contains the almanac itself stored in Adobe’s portable document format, and the coefficients that compactly represent the positions of the Sun and stars in ASCII files. Readers unable to use the CD-ROM and require the ASCII data files should contact this office.

The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors has been prepared by H.M. Nautical Almanac Ofﬁce under the supervision of S.A. Bell; suggestions for additions and modiﬁcations should be sent to him at the address below.

John Humphrey Chief Executive

United Kingdom Hydrographic Ofﬁce, Admiralty Way, Taunton, Somerset TA1 2DN, United Kingdom

April  Calculated by HMNAO and Typeset using TEX INTRODUCTION vii THE STAR ALMANAC

The Star Almanac for Land Surveyors has been expressly designed to provide in a convenient form, and in a compact volume, the astronomical data required by surveyors. The time- argument is universal time (UT), and so the tabulated values may differ slightly from those in The Astronomical Almanac, in which the time-argument is dynamical time.

The main features of the Almanac are the tabulation of:

(a) R, the difference between Greenwich sidereal time (GHA Aries) and universal time;

(b) the declination of the Sun and E, the difference between the Greenwich hour angle of the Sun and universal time;

(d) extended refraction and other auxiliary tables. The precision of tabulation varies between 00 and .0, and corresponds to the requirements of the land surveyor. The following explanation is restricted to a brief outline of fundamental concepts and deﬁni- tions, together with a description of the tabulated quantities and illustrations of how they are to be extracted from the Almanac. Reference must be made to the standard text-books for a description and illustrations of the method of use of the tabulated data.

TIME AND HOUR ANGLE The position of a heavenly body in the sky, as seen by an observer on the Earth’s surface, is most conveniently speciﬁed by its altitude above the horizon and its azimuth from the north. It is essentially a comparison between the observed and calculated values of altitude and azimuth that makes possible the determination of position and direction on the Earth’s surface from astronomical observations. It is not practicable to tabulate the rapidly changing altitudes and azimuths of the heavenly bodies for all positions on the Earth, but they can be calculated for any position, by tables or by direct solution of a spherical triangle, from a knowledge of the geocentric position of the heavenly body referred to the Earth’s equator. In fact the quantities which the observer requires from the almanac are the Greenwich hour angle (GHA), namely the arc of the equator (or the angle at the pole) westwards from the Greenwich meridian, and the declination (Dec), or arc of the meridian from the equator to the body. Both are independent of the observer’s position and can be tabulated directly. The GHA thus obtained will in practice either be combined with a known, or assumed, longitude to give local hour angle (LHA) or be used to derive longitude from a value of LHA deduced from observation. The rotation of the Earth on its axis from west to east causes the heavenly bodies to appear to revolve round the Earth from east to west. Owing to the real motion of the Earth in its annual orbit about the Sun, the latter appears to alter its position with respect to the stars and so appears to revolve in a different period; moreover, owing to the varying motions of the Earth in its orbit, this period is not constant. UT, which is nominally the mean solar time of the meridian of Greenwich, is such that the average period of rotation of the Earth with respect to the Sun taken throughout the year is h; this is the mean solar day. (The mean solar day is now slightly longer viii INTRODUCTION than a day of   atomic seconds; the accumulated effect of this difference currently amounts to less than  second each year.) The hour angle of the Sun increases at a rate which is, on the average, precisely that of mean solar time. The difference between the Greenwich hour angle of the Sun and universal time oscillates slowly and with small amplitude; it is convenient to tabulate this difference (denoted by E) and to obtain the Greenwich hour angle of the Sun from the relation:

GHA Sun = UT + E ()

in which multiples of h may be omitted. The Sun transits over the Greenwich meridian when UT = h − E. The period of rotation of the Earth with respect to the stars is approximately h m .s of mean solar time, so that the hour angles of the stars increase more rapidly than that of the Sun. It is convenient to relate the positions of the stars to the point known as the vernal equinox, or the ﬁrst point of Aries (abbreviated to “Aries”), which is the intersection of the Earth’s equator and the ecliptic. The hour angle of this point increases by approximately h m .s each mean solar day. By analogy with the treatment of the Sun, a quantity R is deﬁned such that it is the difference between GHA Aries and UT; R increases by m .s a day. Thus

GHA Aries = UT + R ()

and is Greenwich (apparent) sidereal time (GST). The hour angle of a star differs from that of Aries by the arc of the equator, or the angle at the pole, between the meridian of Aries and the meridian of the star; this difference is measured eastwards from the meridian of Aries to that of the star and is known as right ascension (RA). The apparent right ascensions (and declinations) of stars are nearly constant, varying slightly owing to the real motions of the stars and to precession, and periodically owing to nutation and aberration. The GHA of a star is obtained from that of Aries by subtracting the right ascension:

GHA Star = GHA Aries − RA Star = GST − RA Star ()

whence the formula for the GHA of a star is

GHA Star = UT + R − RA Star ()

It will be seen that when a star (or other heavenly body) is on the Greenwich meridian, its right ascension is equal to the Greenwich sidereal time. A knowledge of UT will enable the GHA of the Sun and stars to be calculated from tabulated values of E, R and RA of the stars. Standard radio time-signals give coordinated universal time (UTC), which differs from the international atomic-time scale by an exact number of seconds. Step adjustments are made as required (normally at h on January  and July ) so that the difference between the time-signal and UT does not exceed .s. The user of this Almanac who requires to make and reduce observations to a precision of .s must therefore obtain the correction to the time-signal from coding in the signal or from other sources. Further information about time-signals is given on pages –. INTRODUCTION ix In the same way as UT, GHA and GST are related to the meridian of Greenwich, there exist mean solar times, hour angles and sidereal times related to the meridian of the observer and termed local mean time (LMT), local hour angle (LHA) and local sidereal time (LST). Each of these differs from the corresponding UT, GHA and GST by the longitude of the observer, if necessary expressed in time. Thus

Longitude = LMT − UT = LHA − GHA = LST − GST () where the sign convention east longitude is positive is used. Similarly,

LMT = UT + longitude (east); UT = LMT − longitude (east) () LHA = GHA + longitude (east); LST = GST + longitude (east) ()

Combination of () and () with () and (), together with the tabulated declinations, will provide the data to enable positions to be determined from astronomical observations. In practice, local mean and sidereal times are used primarily in connection with local phenomena such as rising and setting and meridian passage; as such they are mainly used for planning programmes. Just as the Greenwich meridian passage of the Sun occurs when UT = h−E, the local meridian passage occurs when LMT is h − E; similarly a star transits over the local meridian when LST = RA. However, LHA Aries or LST, corresponding to the LHA of a star whose right ascension is zero, is frequently used as an argument for such tables as the Pole Star Table; it may be obtained by combining longitude with R and UT as:

LST = R + UT + longitude (east) ()

If mean time (UT or LMT) is required for a given sidereal time (GST or LST) it may be obtained from: UT = GST − R; LMT = LST − R () where R is to be taken for the (approximate) UT concerned, as explained at top of page xiii. In The Star Almanac all hour angles are measured in time, so that longitudes expressed in arc must be converted to time, at the rate of h for each ◦, before being used in equations () to (). h may be added or subtracted as necessary in any of the equations () to (); west longitudes may be treated as negative or subtracted from h (◦) before use.

CRITICAL TABLES Several of the tables in this volume are arranged as “critical” tables in which the tabulated values of the argument are those at which the respondent has a value midway between two tabular values; thus, each printed value of the respondent corresponds to the whole interval between two adjacent tabulated values of the argument. No interpolation is needed and the error cannot greatly exceed half the adopted interval, usually one unit. The “critical” tabular values are calculated in such a way that the upper of the two possible values of the respondent is to be taken. For example, in the table for the interpolation of R on page , the increment of .s corresponds to (on the left) any solar time interval between h m .s and h m .s; if the solar time interval is the critical value h m .s, then the upper (i.e. .s) of the two possible values of the respondent is to be taken. x INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF CONTENTS Ephemeris of the Sun (Pages –) On the upper part of these pages are tabulated for every h of UT: the excess (R) of Greenwich sidereal time (GHA Aries) over universal time; the apparent declination of the Sun; and the excess (E) of GHA Sun over universal time. Since the mean difference of R is constant, provision for interpolation is made by a critical table on pages  to . The declination and E can be interpolated, by means of the table on the upper part of page  using the tabulated differences. These differences are printed in a column to the right of the function, on the half-line between consecutive rows, and are given in units of the last figure of the corresponding function, namely .0 for the declination and .s for E. The average value of the Sun’s semi-diameter is given for the half-month concerned, and should be used without interpolation. The lower part of the page contains the local mean times of sunrise (left-hand page) or sunset (right-hand page) on every fifth day for latitudes between S ◦ and N ◦. In order to permit tabulation for sufficient latitudes, the times are given to the nearest tenth of an hour only. This accuracy will be found adequate for most purposes. The dates and times of the Moon’s phases are given to assist in planning night observations.

Apparent Places of Stars (Pages –) Pages – contain the apparent right ascensions and declinations of  stars at monthly intervals throughout the year. They include all stars brighter than magnitude ·, and such other stars brighter than magnitude · as are tabulated in Apparent Places of Fundamental Stars, except close circumpolar stars; a few stars of magnitudes between · and · have been omitted, and the remainder included, to make the number exactly . Stars considered bright enough to be observed in daylight are indicated by the letter d following the star number on the left-hand page. Pages – contain the apparent right ascensions and declinations of  supplementary fainter stars of declinations between ◦ and ◦, together with  stars in this range already given on pages –. Northern stars are given on the upper half of the page and southern stars on the lower half. No stars fainter than · have been included. The positions given — to .s in right ascension and 00 in declination — are those for times near the beginning of the month, so chosen as to reduce to a minimum the error caused by using, for interpolation purposes, a fixed (nominal) month. An interpolation table is given on the lower part of page . It is to be entered with the day of the month as the vertical argument, and with the difference between the values for the month of observation and the following month as the horizontal argument. Even though second differences are in some places large enough to be significant, their neglect will never lead to serious error; linear interpolation, as described, should invariably be used. The stars are arranged in order of their right ascensions for · and it is intended to keep this order unchanged for many years in spite of precessional changes. An index giving the number of a star whose name is known is given on pages –. The magnitudes and distances of fainter companions in double or multiple systems are given as footnotes on these pages. INTRODUCTION xi Apparent Places of Circumpolar Stars (Pages –) On these pages are given, at h UT for every ten days, the apparent positions of five northern and five southern circumpolar stars and also the Greenwich sidereal time. The time of upper transit is found as the time (UT) when

GST = RA − longitude (east)

Since the GST is only tabulated to the nearest minute this equation may be used if the time is only required to the nearest minute. For greater accuracy use

UT = RA − R − longitude (east)

Polaris Table (Pages –) In this table are combined the data for obtaining latitude from an observed altitude of Polaris (suitably corrected for instrumental errors and refraction) and the azimuth of this star (measured from north, positive to the east and negative to the west), for all hour angles and northern 0 latitudes. The six tabulated quantities, each given to a precision of ., are a0, a1, a2, referring to the correction to altitude, and b0, b1, b2 to the azimuth.

latitude = corrected observed altitude + a0 + a1 + a2

azimuth = (b0 + b1 + b2) sec (latitude)

These quantities are based on the following formulae; 1 a + a + a = −p cos t + p sin p sin2t tan (latitude) 0 1 2 2

b0 + b1 + b2 = −p sin t − p sin p sin t cos t tan (latitude) where p = polar distance of Polaris = ◦ − declination t = local hour angle of Polaris = LST − RA a0, b0, which depend upon LST only, include both terms of the above expressions for mean values ◦ of the position of Polaris and for a mean latitude of  . a1, b1 cater for the changes in the values of the second terms for latitudes differing from ◦, and are dependent on both LST and latitude. a2, b2 cater for the effects in the ﬁrst terms of changes in the position of Polaris from its adopted mean, and are dependent on both LST and date. The arrangement of the table is designed to avoid the necessity for entering, with the same LST, three separate tables, one of single entry and two of double entry. a0, b0 are tabulated for every m of local sidereal time, and the remaining quantities for the mid-point of each hour of LST. a1, b1 are given for a range of latitude, and a2, b2 for each month during the year. In the latter case mean values are adopted for each month and no interpolation is necessary.

The table is to be entered with the LST of observation, which gives the values of a0, b0 directly; interpolation, with maximum differences of , can be done mentally. In the same vertical column, the values a1, b1 are found with the latitude, and those of a2, b2 with the date, as argument. Thus all six quantities can, if desired, be extracted together. The errors due to the adoption of a mean value of the LST for each of the subsidiary tables have been reduced to a minimum, and the total error is not likely to exceed .0. Interpolation between columns should not be attempted. The observed altitude must be corrected for refraction (see pages –) before being used for the determination of latitude. A table of natural secants is given on page  primarily to facilitate the calculation of the azimuth, which is measured from the north, positive to the east and negative to the west. xii INTRODUCTION Radio Time Signals (Pages –) These pages contain a list of the principal radio time signals used by surveyors. Refraction Tables (Pages –) These tables give the correction for refraction in the form:

r = r0 × f

where r0 is the mean refraction, taken with argument observed (strictly, apparent) altitude from the table on page , and f is a correcting factor to be found from the tables on pages  and  with arguments temperature and pressure. The tables of f are arranged so that for each tabulated value of pressure a critical table gives the corresponding factor with argument temperature. Interpolation of the tabulated temperatures to intermediate values of pressure may easily be performed, but is generally unnecessary. The pressure is given in millibars; for pressures less than  millibars an equivalent height in metres is also given. These tables are based on those of Harzer in Publikation der Sternwarte in Kiel, XIV, ; the values of mean refraction apply to a standard pressure of  mm and a standard temperature of ◦ C. Within the range of altitude for which tabulations are given, there is no significant difference between the various theories that are extant. Natural Secants (Page ) This table is intended mainly for use in the determination of azimuth from an observation of Polaris (see example on page xvi), for which purpose full three-decimal accuracy is not required. For angles less than ◦ the table is given in critical form; above ◦ values are tabulated for every 0 and interpolation offers no difficulty. Conversion to Degrees and to Days (Pages –) The first table enables minutes and seconds of arc to be converted to decimals of a degree; the second table facilitates conversion of hours, minutes and seconds into decimals of a day.

Table for Circum-Meridian Observations (Page ) This table gives the factor m for use in the reduction to the meridian of circum-meridian observations. The full correction is A m, where A = cos φ cos δ cosec ζ and φ, δ, ζ are approximate values of latitude, declination, and zenith distance respectively. The factor m should be determined from this table for the time of each observation and, for each star, the mean of the values of m so found should be multiplied by the expression A above. Alternatively the expression m = · t2, where t is the hour angle in seconds of time, may be used to calculate m with a pocket calculator. The product A m is then to be applied to the mean of the observed altitudes. It should be noted that, particularly in low latitudes, the use of stars within ◦ of the zenith is to be avoided. Conversion of Time to Arc (Page ) This table needs no explanation; it can also easily be used for conversion of arc to time. An example of the use is given on page xiv.

Interpolation Table for R (Pages –) The principal purpose of this table is to provide for the interpolation of the quantity R, which is tabulated for every h of UT in the ephemeris of the Sun (pages –). The table gives, in critical form with respect to the left-hand argument (in bold type), the increment to be added to a tabular value of R for any given interval of UT. The interpolated value of R is added to the universal time to give the Greenwich sidereal time, as illustrated in the example on page xv. INTRODUCTION xiii This table also provides for the mutual conversion of intervals of mean solar and sidereal time. The increment corresponding to the left-hand argument is, in fact, the quantity to be added to that interval of mean solar time to convert it to the equivalent interval of mean sidereal time. The right-hand argument gives the decrement to be subtracted from that interval of mean sidereal time to convert it to the equivalent interval of mean solar time. (It is important to note that the right-hand argument does not give the sidereal-time interval corresponding to the left-hand solar-time argument, or vice-versa.) Interpolation Table for Sun (Page ) This table serves for the interpolation of the values of the Sun’s declination and E given on pages –. The nearest value to the printed difference may usually be taken as the horizontal argument, and the time interval as the vertical argument. Interpolation for intermediate values of either argument may easily be performed, if required. Interpolation Table for Stars (Page ) This table is to be used for interpolation of the apparent places of stars on pages –. The day of the month on which the observation is made is to be used as the vertical argument, and the difference to the following month as the horizontal argument. The variation in length of the month is to be ignored, as mentioned on page x. Polynomial Coefficients for R and Sun (Pages –) This table, for use with small programmable electronic calculators, provides polynomial coefficients of R, Dec, E and SD for the Sun, together with appropriate formulae to evaluate the data at any instant of time to an accuracy of 00 of arc. Explanatory notes and numerical illustrations are given on the left-hand page. Star Charts (Pages –) The charts show the relative positions, as seen from the Earth, of all the stars tabulated in this Almanac. Stars of magnitude · or brighter, and some fainter stars, are identified by their Bayer letter. The numbers of such stars can be obtained directly from the index on pages –. For other stars it is necessary to estimate the RA and Dec from the chart and then search the main tabulations to find the corresponding number. A fixed magnitude has been adopted for each variable star on the charts. Index to Places of Stars (Pages –) This index, arranged in alphabetical order of constellations (genitive case), affords a rapid means of finding the number and thus the apparent place of a star known only by its name. Twenty-three stars having proper names in general use are listed on page , but no attempt has been made to give a complete list of such names.

ILLUSTRATIONS The following examples illustrate the extraction from the Almanac of the data required by a surveyor when making astronomical observations. A surveyor, whose approximate position is

longitude E ◦ 0, latitude N ◦ 0 makes a series of observations on  January . On this date the Moon (from page ) is at last quarter and will not therefore interfere with evening observations. xiv INTRODUCTION Sunrise, sunset. From pages  and , interpolating for latitude and date, the local mean times of sunrise and sunset are found to be h. and h. respectively. The approximate duration of nautical twilight in this latitude in winter is about an hour so that stellar observations are not likely to be possible after h or before h. Using the formula LST = LMT + R and taking out, from page , an approximate value of R (= h.), it is seen that the earliest LST of evening observation is LST = h. + h. = h. (= h.) An examination of the right ascensions and declinations of the stars on pages – will indicate which are the most suitable for observation on the meridian during the evening. Sun. The Sun transits the local meridian when LMT = h − E, i.e. h m s approximately, where E is taken out for h UT on January . To ﬁnd the corresponding UT, the longitude must be converted to time and applied to LMT; using the time-arc conversion table on page , ◦ 0 = h m; 0 = s; thus ◦ 0 = h m s whence, since the longitude is east, UT = h m s − h m s = h m s It should be noted that this time is in error (in the present case by s), as the value of E used should have been taken out for the UT of meridian passage; it is rarely necessary to apply any correction since the time is required only approximately. Suppose that a meridian altitude of the Sun’s lower limb is observed as ◦ .0 at UT h m s, the temperature being ◦ C and the pressure  millibars. From page , the Sun’s semi-diameter is found to be .0 and the declination is obtained by interpolation as: d h m ◦ 0 page ;  January   S  · page ;   −· Sun’s declination S  · The correction to the value for h is obtained by entering the interpolation table on page  with h m, the excess of UT over the previous tabular value, and , the tabular difference; the sign is obtained by inspection. 00 The mean refraction r0 is seen from page  to be  , while the correcting factor f is found from page  to be ·: the refraction correction, to be subtracted from the observed altitude, is thus 00 × · = 00 = .0. Strictly, a correction should be applied for the Sun’s parallax, which may, for this purpose, be regarded as a constant; it sufﬁces to add .0 to all altitudes less than ◦. Thus the corrected observed altitude of the Sun’s centre is ◦ .0 + .0 − .0 + .0 = ◦ .0 whence the deduced latitude is ◦ − ◦ .0 − ◦ .0 = ◦ .0 Later in the day an observation of the Sun is made at UT January d h m .s; its GHA and Dec are found from page  as follows: d h m h m s  January  UT   · ◦ 0 page ;  E   · Dec S  · page ;   diff.  −· diff.  −·

GHA   · Dec S  · The signs of the corrections from page  have been put in by inspection; h has been subtracted from the GHA. INTRODUCTION xv Stars. For transit observations the LST of transit is equal to the right ascension; the corresponding approximate mean times of transit may be obtained as follows. The earliest UT for evening observations on  January , is about h; to a UT of h there corresponds an LST of h m s calculated as follows: On  January d h R = h m s (page ) + s (page ) = h m s GST = R + UT = h m s LST = GST + east long = h m s + h m s = h m s For a particular star, say α Ceti (No. ), the RA is found from page , by simple interpolation, to be h m .s; transit therefore occurs later than h UT by a sidereal time interval of h m s; reference to the table on page  shows that the equivalent solar time interval is s less than this, so that transit occurs at h m s UT. Alternatively the UT of transit may be found as follows: h m s GST of transit = RA − east long = h m s − h m s =    GST on  January d h UT = R + UT =    Hence GST of transit is later than h UT by a ST interval of    The decrement (page  using the right-hand argument) is  Hence UT of transit = h + h m s − s =    From page  the declination N ◦ 0 00 may be taken out without reference to the interpolation table on page . The observed meridian altitude of α Ceti is ◦ 0 00, and the observed temperature and ◦ pressure are  C and  millibars, respectively. The mean refraction r0 corresponding to the observed altitude is 00; entering the column on page  corresponding to the observed pressure of  millibars, it is seen that the observed temperature of ◦ C is a critical value, so that the upper of the two possible values of f, namely ·, is taken. The refraction correction is thus 00 × · = 00 and the deduced latitude is ◦ + ◦ 0 00 − ◦ 0 00 = ◦ 0 00.

Later in the evening of  January  several stars are observed out of the meridian; two of these are No. , β Cassiopeiæ, observed at h m .s UT, and No. , Procyon (α CMi) observed at h m .s UT. Their GHA and Dec are obtained as: No.  No.  h m s h m s UT  January d   ·   · R (page ) h   · h   · Increment (pages , ) h m .s · h m .s ·

GST = GHA Aries   ·   · RA January (pages , )   ·o   · o Interpolation to January  (diff. −) −· (diff. +) ·

GHA = GHA Aries − RA   ·   ·

◦ 0 00 ◦ 0 00 Dec, January (pages , )N    N    Interpolation to January  (diff. −) − (diff. −) −

Declination N    N   

In practice the increment to the RA and Dec will almost certainly be applied mentally, so that only the ﬁnal values are written down. xvi INTRODUCTION Circumpolar stars. The time of upper transit of ζ Octantis on  January , in longitude E ◦ 00 is found as follows: h m Approximate RA (page )   − Longitude (east) −  GST of upper transit = RA− longitude (east)   − GST on  January d h (page ) −  ST interval from h UT to upper transit (add h because negative)   −∆R, the correction* for an interval of h m in ST (pages –) − UT of upper transit   * This correction is obtained using the right-hand argument of the table on pages – by combining three times the value of ∆R for h with the value of ∆R for h m. For greater accuracy the value of R must be used as follows: h m s RA (page )    −R on  January d h (page ) −   − Longitude (east) −   ST interval (add h because negative)= RA − R − longitude (east)    −∆R, the correction for an interval of h m s in ST (pages –) −  UT of upper transit   

Pole Star. Earlier, observations had been made of Polaris for determination of latitude and azimuth; under the same conditions as the observation of α Ceti, the observed altitude was ◦ 0 00 at UT h m s. The factor f is ·, the mean refraction (from page ) is 00 and the refraction correction is 00. d h m s ◦ 0 0 h m s UT  January     LST    a0 − · b0 − · h ◦ R     Latitude  a1 · b1 · h m s Increment     January a2 + · b2 · GST    Sum − · − · Longitude (east) +   Obs. Alt.  · sec (lat) Refraction − · = · LST    Azimuth Latitude N  · = −· The calculation of LST requires no explanation; it may be remarked, however, that an accuracy of s is ample. The Pole Star Table on page  is entered with the LST just obtained; the LST of h m is the twentieth entry in the fourth column on the top portion of the page and m s interpolation of a0, b0, for the   is done mentally. In the same column a1 and b1 are taken ◦ out, with simple interpolation, with argument latitude (here  ); a2 and b2 are taken out directly with argument month (here January). The sum of the corrections to altitude is added to the corrected observed altitude to give latitude. Similarly the contributions to the azimuth are summed and multiplied by sec (latitude) from page , to give the azimuth, which is positive to the east and negative to the west. If greater accuracy is desired the RA and Dec of Polaris may be taken from page : RA = h m s Dec = N ◦ 0 00 and the observation reduced by direct calculation. PLANET NOTES, 2017 1 MERCURY can be seen for a few days around greatest elongation, in the morning sky around January 19, May 17, September 12 and January 1 of the next year (the best conditions in northern latitudes occur in mid-September and in late December and in southern latitudes in the second half of May) and in the evening sky around April 1, July 30 and November 24 (the best conditions in northern latitudes occur from late March to early April and in southern latitudes from mid-July to mid-August). VENUS is a brilliant object in the evening sky until the second half of March when it becomes too close to the Sun for observation. It reappears in late March as a morning star and can be seen in the morning sky until late November when it again becomes too close to the Sun for observation. MARS can be seen only in the evening sky until early June passing through Aquarius, Pisces from late January, into Aries in early March, Taurus in mid-April (passing 6◦ N of Aldebaran on May 7) and into Gemini in early June. From the start of the second week of June it becomes too close to the Sun for observation and reappears in the morning sky in mid-September in Leo, moves into Virgo in mid-October (passing 3◦ N of Spica on November 28) and then into Libra in late December. JUPITER can be seen in Virgo from the beginning of the year and from mid-January can be seen for more than half the night (passing 4◦ N of Spica on January 20 and again 4◦ N of Spica on February 23). It is at opposition on April 7 when it can be seen throughout the night. From early July it can only be seen in the evening sky (passing 3◦ N of Spica on September 5) and from mid-October it becomes too close to the Sun for observation. It reappears in the morning sky in the second week of November and passes into Libra in mid-November. SATURN rises shortly before sunrise at the beginning of the year in Ophiucus, passing into Sagittarius in late February and can only be seen in the morning sky until mid-March. Its westward elongation gradually increases, passing into Ophiucus again in the second half of May, and is at opposition on June 15, when it can be seen throughout the night. Its eastward elongation gradually decreases, and from mid-September until early December it can only be seen in the evening sky. It returns into Sagittarius in mid-November and in early December it becomes too close to the Sun for observation for the remainder of the year. ECLIPSES, 2017 1. An annular eclipse of the Sun on February 26. The path of annularity begins over the south-eastern part of the Pacific Ocean and crosses southern parts of Peru and Argentina, the South Atlantic Ocean, central Angola, the north-western tip of Zambia and ends over the southernmost part of the Democratic Republic of Congo. The partial phase is visible from the south-east Pacific Ocean, the southern half of South America, the South Atlantic Ocean, most of Antarctica and most of Africa except the northern and easternmost parts. The eclipse begins at 12h 11m and ends at 17h 36m; the annular phase begins at 13h 16m and ends at 16h 31m. The maximum duration of annularity is 1m 17s. 2. A partial eclipse of the Moon on August 7 is visible from the western Pacific Ocean, Australasia, Asia, Antarctica, Africa and most of Europe excluding the British Isles. The umbral eclipse begins at 17h 22m and ends at 19h 19m. The time of maximum eclipse is 18h 20m when · of the Moon’s diameter is obscured. 3. A total eclipse of the Sun on August 21. The path of totality begins over the northern Pacific Ocean south of the Aleutian Islands and crosses the United States of America and ends over the North Atlantic Ocean south of the Cape Verde Islands. The partial phase is visible from the Americas except the southern half of South America, Greenland and parts of the United Kingdom. The eclipse begins at 15h 47m and ends at 21h 04m; the total phase begins at 16h 49m and ends at 20h 02m. The maximum duration of totality is 2m 45s.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 2 SUN – JANUARY, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Thur.   ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S ·   ·    · S ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Jan. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – JANUARY, 2017 3 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.    ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S ·   ·    · S ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Jan. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 4 SUN – FEBRUARY, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S ·   ·    · S ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Feb. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – FEBRUARY, 2017 5 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·     S     · S ·   ·    ·  ·   ·   Wed.   ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·       · S  ·   ·   Thur.  ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·       · S  ·   ·   Fri.   ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·      · S  ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Feb. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 6 SUN – MARCH, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Tues.   ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Mar. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – MARCH, 2017 7 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Mon.  · S  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       · N  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Wed.    ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Mar. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 8 SUN – APRIL, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·   ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·   ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N  ·   ·    · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Apr. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – APRIL, 2017 9 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·     N     · N ·   ·    ·  ·   ·   Mon.  ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·      · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Apr. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 10 SUN – MAY, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N ·   ·    · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ May hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – MAY, 2017 11 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.   ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N ·   ·    · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ May hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 12 SUN – JUNE, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·   ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.   ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N ·   ·    · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ June hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – JUNE, 2017 13 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·     N     · N ·   ·    ·  ·   ·   Sat.   ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·      · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ June hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Last Quarter d h m New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 14 SUN – JULY, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   ·          · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·   ·  ·   ·    ·  ·   ·          · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N ·   ·    · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ July hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: First Quarter d h m Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – JULY, 2017 15 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.    ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N ·   ·    · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ July hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 16 SUN – AUGUST, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sun.    ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N ·   ·    · N ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Aug. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – AUGUST, 2017 17 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·   ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·   ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N ·   ·    · N  ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Aug. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 18 SUN – SEPTEMBER, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·   · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·   ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · N  ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · N  ·   ·    · N  ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Sept. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – SEPTEMBER, 2017 19 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · N  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · N  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       · N  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·     S     · S  ·   ·    ·  ·   ·   Sun.   ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·      · S  ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Sept. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 20 SUN – OCTOBER, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Fri.    ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S  ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S  ·   ·    · S  ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Oct. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – OCTOBER, 2017 21 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S  ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S  ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sat.    ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S ·   ·    · S ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Oct. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 22 SUN – NOVEMBER, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S ·   ·    · S ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Nov. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – NOVEMBER, 2017 23 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·     S     · S ·   ·    ·  ·   ·   Fri.   ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·     ·  ·  ·      · S ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Nov. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 24 SUN – DECEMBER, 2017 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.    ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Thur.  ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S ·   ·    · S ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNRISE Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Dec. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: Full Moon d h m Last Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 SUN – DECEMBER, 2017 25 UT R Dec E UT R Dec E d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s d h h m s ◦ 0 h m s     · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·   ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Mon.  ·  ·  · Tues.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Tues.  ·  ·  · Wed.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Wed.   ·  ·  · Thur.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Thur.   ·  ·  · Fri.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Fri.   ·  ·  · Sat.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sat.   ·  ·  · Sun.   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·         · S ·   ·     · S ·   ·     Sun.   ·  ·  · Mon.  ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·       ·  ·  ·   ·  ·  ·        · S ·   ·    · S ·   · Sun’s SD .0 SUNSET Date South Latitude North Latitude ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Dec. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·

Moon’s Phases: New Moon d h m First Quarter d h m

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 26 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −†   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −∗   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 27 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  α Andromedae N                 β Cassiopeiae N                 Phoenicis S                 γ Pegasi N                 ι Ceti S                 ζ Tucanae S                 β Hydri S                 κ Phoenicis S                 α Phoenicis S                 κ Cassiopeiae N                 ζ Cassiopeiae N                 δ Andromedae N                 α Cassiopeiae N                 β Ceti S                 ζ Andromedae N                 η Cassiopeiae N                 ν Andromedae N                † γ Cassiopeiae N                 µ Andromedae N                 α Sculptoris S                 Piscium N                 β Phoenicis S                 η Ceti S                 β Andromedae N                 θ Ceti S                 δ Cassiopeiae N                 γ Phoenicis S                 η Piscium N                 δ Phoenicis S                 υ Andromedae N                  Andromedae N                 Achernar (α Eri) S                 φ Persei N                 τ Ceti S                 ζ Ceti S                 α Trianguli N                 Cassiopeiae N                 ψ Phoenicis S                 β Arietis N                 χ Eridani S                 α Hydri S                 υ Ceti S                 α Piscium N                  Cassiopeiae N                 γ Andromedae N                 α Arietis N                 β Trianguli N                 φ Eridani S                 γ Trianguli N                ∗ o Ceti S                † : mag. · () ∗ : At maximum (mag. –) in February.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 28 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 29 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  δ Hydri S                 κ Eridani S                 ξ Ceti N                 δ Ceti N                 Hydri S                 ι Eridani S                 γ Ceti N                 θ Persei N                 π Ceti S                 µ Ceti N                  Arietis N                 η Persei N                 τ Persei N                 η Eridani S                ∗ θ Eridani S                 α Ceti N                 τ Eridani S                 γ Persei N                 ρ Persei N                 Algol (β Persei) N                 ι Persei N                 α Fornacis S                  Eridani S                 BS  (Eridani) S                 α Persei N                 o Tauri N                 ξ Tauri N                 BS  (Cam) N                  Tauri N                 Eridani S                 τ Eridani S                  Tauri N                 δ Persei N                 δ Eridani S                 o Persei N                  Tauri N                 ν Persei N                 β Reticuli S                 τ Eridani S                 η Tauri N                 γ Hydri S                  Tauri N                 BS  (Eridani) S                 ζ Persei N                 Persei N                 γ Eridani S                 ξ Persei N                 δ Reticuli S                 λ Tauri N                 ν Tauri N                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 30 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 31 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  λ Persei N                  Persei N                 o Eridani S                 µ Persei N                 α Horologii S                 α Reticuli S                 µ Tauri N                 γ Doradus S                 υ Eridani S                 γ Tauri N                 δ Tauri N                  Eridani S                 Tauri N                 θ Tauri N                 α Doradus S                 Aldebaran (α Tau) N                 υ Eridani S                 ν Eridani S                  Eridani S                 τ Tauri N                 µ Eridani S                 π Orionis N                 π Orionis N                 α Camelopardalis N                 π Orionis N                 ι Aurigae N                 Aurigae N                 ζ Aurigae N                 β Camelopardalis N                 Leporis S                 η Aurigae N                 β Eridani S                 λ Eridani S                 µ Leporis S                 Rigel (β Ori) S                 Capella (α Aur) N                 τ Orionis S                 λ Leporis S                 η Orionis S                 Bellatrix (γ Ori) N                 β Tauri N                 β Leporis S                 Columbae S                 δ Orionis S                 α Leporis S                 β Doradus S                ∗ λ Orionis N                 ι Orionis S                 Orionis S                 ζ Tauri N                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 32 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d −   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d −·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d −·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 33 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  σ Orionis S                 α Columbae S                 ζ Orionis S                 γ Leporis S                 ζ Leporis S                 κ Orionis S                 β Pictoris S                 γ Pictoris S                 ν Aurigae N                 β Columbae S                 δ Leporis S                 Betelgeuse (α Ori) N                 η Leporis S                 γ Columbae S                 δ Aurigae N                 β Aurigae N                 θ Aurigae N                 η Columbae S                  Geminorum N                 ν Orionis N                 η Geminorum N                 κ Aurigae N                  Lyncis N                 ζ Canis Majoris S                 δ Columbae S                 µ Geminorum N                 β Canis Majoris S                 Monocerotis N                 Canopus (α Car) S                 ν Geminorum N                 γ Geminorum N                 ν Puppis S                 Geminorum N                 ξ Geminorum N                 Sirius (α CMa) S                 α Pictoris S                 κ Canis Majoris S                 τ Puppis S                 θ Geminorum N                 θ Canis Majoris S                 Canis Majoris S                 σ Canis Majoris S                 o Canis Majoris S                 ζ Geminorum N                 γ Canis Majoris S                 δ Canis Majoris S                ∗ γ Volantis S                 δ Monocerotis S                 I Puppis S                 ω Canis Majoris S                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 34 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 35 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  π Puppis S                 λ Geminorum N                 δ Volantis S                 δ Geminorum N                 η Canis Majoris S                 ι Geminorum N                 β Canis Minoris N                 ρ Geminorum N                 σ Puppis S                ∗ Castor (α Gem) N                 υ Geminorum N                 Procyon (α CMi) N                 α Monocerotis S                 ζ Volantis S                 κ Geminorum N                 Pollux (β Gem) N                 c Puppis S                 ξ Puppis S                 BS  (Puppis) S                 χ Carinae S                 ζ Puppis S                 ρ Puppis S                 γ Velorum S                 β Cancri N                 BS  (Puppis) S                  Lyncis N                 θ Chamaeleontis S                 Carinae S                 BS  (Hydrae) S                 β Volantis S                 o Ursae Majoris N                 δ Hydrae N                 BS  (Velorum) S                 o Velorum S                 BS  (Velorum) S                 α Pyxidis S                 δ Cancri N                 δ Velorum S                 ι Cancri N                 Hydrae N                 γ Pyxidis S                 ζ Hydrae N                 BS  (Carinae) S                 α Cancri N                 ι Ursae Majoris N                 BS  (Lyncis) N                 BS  (Velorum) S                 κ Ursae Majoris N                 α Volantis S                 BS  (Velorum) S                ∗ : position refers to the A component.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 36 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 37 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  λ Velorum S                 a Carinae S                 β Carinae S                 θ Hydrae N                 ι Carinae S                  Lyncis N                 α Lyncis N                 κ Velorum S                 α Hydrae S                  Ursae Majoris N                 ψ Velorum S                 N Velorum S                 θ Ursae Majoris N                 ι Hydrae S                 o Leonis N                 Leonis N                 l Carinae S                 υ Carinae S                 υ Ursae Majoris N                 µ Leonis N                 φ Velorum S                 η Leonis N                 Regulus (α Leo) N                 λ Hydrae S                 ω Carinae S                 BS  (Velorum) S                 ζ Leonis N                 λ Ursae Majoris N                 BS  (Carinae) S                ∗ γ Leonis N                 µ Ursae Majoris N                 I Carinae S                 µ Hydrae S                 α Antliae S                 β Leonis Minoris N                 BS  (Carinae) S                 BS  (Carinae) S                 ρ Leonis N                 γ Chamaeleontis S                 BS  (Velorum) S                 θ Carinae S                 µ Velorum S                 ν Hydrae S                  Leonis Minoris N                 u Carinae S                 α Crateris S                 β Ursae Majoris N                 Dubhe (α UMa) N                 BS  (Carinae) S                 ψ Ursae Majoris N                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 38 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 39 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  δ Leonis N                 θ Leonis N                 ξ Ursae Majoris N                 ν Ursae Majoris N                 δ Crateris S                 σ Leonis N                 π Centauri S                 γ Crateris S                 λ Draconis N                 ξ Hydrae S                 λ Centauri S                 λ Muscae S                 ν Virginis N                 χ Ursae Majoris N                 BS  (Centauri) S                 Denebola (β Leo) N                 β Virginis N                 γ Ursae Majoris N                 o Virginis N                 δ Centauri S                 Corvi S                 δ Crucis S                 δ Ursae Majoris N                 γ Corvi S                 β Chamaeleontis S                 η Virginis S                 Crucis S                ∗ α Crucis S                 σ Centauri S                 δ Corvi S                 γ Crucis S                 γ Muscae S                 κ Draconis N                 β Canum Venat. N                 β Corvi S                 α Muscae S                 γ Centauri S                ∗ γ Virginis S                 β Muscae S                 β Crucis S                 BS  (Centauri) S                 Ursae Majoris N                 δ Virginis N                 α Canum Venat. N                 δ Muscae S                 Virginis N                 ξ Centauri S                 θ Virginis S                 β Comae Ber. N                 γ Hydrae S                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦ , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 40 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 41 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  ι Centauri S                ∗ ζ Ursae Majoris N                 Spica (α Vir) S                 d Centauri S                 ζ Virginis S                 Centauri S                  Centauri S                 η Ursae Majoris N                 ν Centauri S                 µ Centauri S                 η Bootis N                 ζ Centauri S                 τ Virginis N                 β Centauri S                 α Draconis N                 π Hydrae S                 θ Centauri S                 κ Virginis S                 Arcturus (α Boo) N                 ι Virginis S                 λ Bootis N                 v Centauri S                 ψ Centauri S                 θ Bootis N                  Ursae Minoris N                 ρ Bootis N                 γ Bootis N                 η Centauri S                ∗ α Centauri S                 ζ Bootis N                 α Lupi S                 α Circini S                 µ Virginis S                 BS  (Centauri) S                 Bootis N                 α Apodis S                  Virginis N                 α Librae S                 β Ursae Minoris N                 β Lupi S                 κ Centauri S                 β Bootis N                 σ Librae S                 κ Lupi S                 ζ Lupi S                 δ Bootis N                 β Circini S                 β Librae S                 γ Trianguli Aust. S                 δ Lupi S                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦ , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 42 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 43 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  φ Lupi S                 γ Ursae Minoris N                 Lupi S                 µ Bootis N                 ι Draconis N                 β Coronae Bor. N                 θ Coronae Bor. N                 γ Lupi S                ∗ δ Serpentis N                 α Coronae Bor. N                 γ Librae S                 Trianguli Aust. S                 υ Librae S                 τ Librae S                 γ Coronae Bor. N                 α Serpentis N                 ζ Ursae Minoris N                 β Serpentis N                 κ Serpentis N                 µ Serpentis S                 χ Lupi S                 Serpentis N                 β Trianguli Aust. S                 γ Serpentis N                 Coronae Bor. N                 π Scorpii S                 η Lupi S                 δ Scorpii S                 θ Draconis N                 β Scorpii S                 θ Lupi S                 φ Herculis N                 δ Ophiuchi S                 δ Trianguli Aust. S                 Ophiuchi S                 γ Normae S                 τ Herculis N                 σ Scorpii S                 γ Herculis N                 η Draconis N                 Antares (α Sco) S                 β Herculis N                 γ Apodis S                 λ Ophiuchi N                 N Scorpii S                 σ Herculis N                 τ Scorpii S                 ζ Ophiuchi S                 ζ Herculis N                 η Herculis N                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 44 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 45 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  α Trianguli Aust. S                 η Arae S                 Ursae Minoris N                 Scorpii S                 µ Scorpii S                 µ Scorpii S                 ζ Scorpii S                 ι Ophiuchi N                 κ Ophiuchi N                 ζ Arae S                  Arae S                 Herculis N                 ζ Draconis N                 η Ophiuchi S                 η Scorpii S                ∗ α Herculis N                 δ Herculis N                 π Herculis N                 θ Ophiuchi S                 β Arae S                 γ Arae S                  Ophiuchi S                 σ Ophiuchi N                  Ophiuchi S                 δ Arae S                 υ Scorpii S                 λ Herculis N                 β Draconis N                 α Arae S                 λ Scorpii S                 α Ophiuchi N                 θ Scorpii S                 ξ Serpentis S                 ι Herculis N                 κ Scorpii S                 β Ophiuchi N                 η Pavonis S                 µ Herculis N                 ι Scorpii S                 γ Ophiuchi N                 G Scorpii S                 ξ Draconis N                 θ Herculis N                 γ Draconis N                 ξ Herculis N                 ν Ophiuchi S                  Ophiuchi N                 γ Sagittarii S                 θ Arae S                  Ophiuchi N                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 46 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 47 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  o Herculis N                 µ Sagittarii S                 η Sagittarii S                 κ Lyrae N                 δ Sagittarii S                 η Serpentis S                 ξ Pavonis S                 χ Draconis N                 Sagittarii S                  Herculis N                 α Telescopii S                 λ Sagittarii S                 α Scuti S                 Vega (α Lyrae) N                 ζ Pavonis S                 φ Sagittarii S                  Herculis N                 β Scuti S                  Herculis N                 β Lyrae N                 λ Pavonis S                 σ Sagittarii S                 R Lyrae N                 ξ Sagittarii S                 γ Lyrae N                 Aquilae N                 ζ Sagittarii S                 o Sagittarii S                 ζ Aquilae N                 λ Aquilae S                 τ Sagittarii S                 α Coronae Aust. S                 π Sagittarii S                 δ Draconis N                 θ Lyrae N                 κ Cygni N                 ρ Sagittarii S                 β Sagittarii S                 α Sagittarii S                 δ Aquilae N                 ι Cygni N                 β Cygni N                 β Sagittae N                 δ Cygni N                 γ Aquilae N                 δ Sagittae N                 Draconis N                 Altair (α Aql) N                 η Aquilae N                 ι Sagittarii S               

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 48 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 49 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  β Aquilae N                 η Cygni N                 γ Sagittae N                 Pavonis S                 θ Sagittarii S                 δ Pavonis S                 κ Cephei N                 θ Aquilae S                  Cygni N                 o Cygni N                 α Capricorni S                 β Capricorni S                 γ Cygni N                 α Pavonis S                  Cygni N                 θ Cephei N                 Delphini N                 α Indi S                 β Delphini N                 α Delphini N                 Deneb (α Cygni) N                 β Pavonis S                 ψ Capricorni S                 η Cephei N                 Cygni N                 Aquarii S                 ω Capricorni S                 β Indi S                 ν Cygni N                 ξ Cygni N                 θ Capricorni S                 ζ Cygni N                 τ Cygni N                 α Equulei N                 σ Cygni N                 υ Cygni N                 α Cephei N                 ι Capricorni S                  Pegasi N                 γ Pavonis S                 ζ Capricorni S                 β Cephei N                 β Aquarii S                 ρ Cygni N                 γ Capricorni S                 ν Octantis S                 µ Cephei N                 Pegasi N                 ι Piscis Aust. S                 ν Cephei N               

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 50 RIGHT ASCENSION OF STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · d ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF STARS, 2017 51 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00  δ Capricorni S                 π Cygni N                 γ Gruis S                 α Aquarii S                 ι Aquarii S                 ι Pegasi N                 α Gruis S                 π Pegasi N                 θ Pegasi N                 ζ Cephei N                 θ Aquarii S                 α Tucanae S                 γ Aquarii S                 ζ Aquarii N                 δ Gruis S                 δ Cephei N                 β Piscis Aust. S                 α Lacertae N                 η Aquarii S                 Piscis Aust. S                 ζ Pegasi N                 β Gruis S                 η Pegasi N                 β Octantis S                 λ Pegasi N                 Gruis S                 τ Aquarii S                 ι Cephei N                 µ Pegasi N                 λ Aquarii S                 δ Aquarii S                 Fomalhaut (α PsA) S                 ζ Gruis S                 o Andromedae N                 β Pegasi N                 α Pegasi N                  Aquarii S                 ι Gruis S                 φ Aquarii S                 γ Piscium N                 γ Tucanae S                  Aquarii S                 θ Piscium N                 β Sculptoris S                 λ Andromedae N                 ι Andromedae N                 γ Cephei N                 ι Piscium N                 κ Andromedae N                 ω Piscium N               

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 52 RIGHT ASCENSION OF SUPPLEMENTARY STARS, 2017 No. Mag. RA Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. hmsssssssss ssss  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · ·  ·   · · · · · · · · · · · · · The ﬁgures given refer to the beginning of the month, and should be interpolated to the actual date by means of the table on page .

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 DECLINATION OF SUPPLEMENTARY STARS, 2017 53 No. Name Dec Jan. F. M. Apr. M. J. July A. S. Oct. N. D. Jan. ◦ 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00   Cassiopeiae N                  Cassiopeiae N                 BS  (Cephei) N                 BS  (Cephei) N                 BS  (Cephei) N                 BS  (Cam) N                 BS  (Cam) N                 BS  (Cam) N                 BS  (Draconis) N                 BS  (Draconis) N                 BS  (Cam) N                ∗ BS  (Cam) N                  Ursae Minoris N                  Ursae Minoris N                 β Ursae Minoris N                 ζ Ursae Minoris N                 η Ursae Minoris N                 Ursae Minoris N                  Draconis N                  Draconis N                 κ Cephei N                  Draconis N                 BS  (Cephei) N                 π Cephei N                 γ Cephei N                 θ Octantis S                 β Hydri S                 ν Hydri S                 γ Hydri S                 α Mensae S                 α Chamaeleontis S                 θ Chamaeleontis S                 ζ Chamaeleontis S                 γ Chamaeleontis S                 δ Chamaeleontis S                 Chamaeleontis S                 κ Chamaeleontis S                 β Chamaeleontis S                 ι Muscae S                 η Apodis S                 δ Octantis S                 α Apodis S                 R Apodis S                ∗ δ Apodis S                 γ Apodis S                 β Apodis S                 α Octantis S                 ν Octantis S                 Octantis S                 β Octantis S                ∗ No., mag., dist. and p.a. of companion star: , ·, 00, ◦ , ·, 00, ◦

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 54 NORTHERN CIRCUMPOLAR STARS, 2017 Name BS  α Ursae Min. BS  δ Ursae Min. BS  (Cephei) (Polaris) (Cephei) (Cephei) Mag. · · · · · Date RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec GST h UT h N ◦ h N ◦ h N ◦ h N ◦ h N ◦ m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 h m Jan.                                                                                            

Feb.                                              

Mar.                                                                     

Apr.                                                                     

May                                                                                            

June                                                                     

July                                                                     

Aug.                                                                     

Sept.                                                                     

Oct.                                                                     

Nov.                                                                     

Dec.                                                                                            

Mag. · · · · · Date RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec RA Dec GST h UT h S ◦ h S ◦ h S ◦ h S ◦ h S ◦ m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 m s 0 00 h m Jan.                                                                                            

Feb.                                              

Mar.                                                                     

Apr.                                                                     

May                                                                                            

June                                                                     

July                                                                     

Aug.                                                                     

Sept.                                                                     

Oct.                                                                     

Nov.                                                                     

Dec.                                                                                            

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 56 POLARIS TABLE, 2017 LST h h h h h h a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 m 000000000000  −· + · −· + · −· + · −· − · −· −· −· −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −· + · −· + · −· + · −· − · −· −· −· −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −· + · −· + · −· + · −· − · −· −· −· −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −· + · −· + · −· + · −· − · −· −· −· −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · + · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · − · · · · · · ·  −· + · −· + · −· − · −· −· −· −· −· −·

Lat. a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 ◦  −· −· · −· · −· · +· · +· −· +·  −· −· · −· · · · +· · +· −· +·  −· −· · −· · · · +· · +· −· +·  · −· · −· · · · · · +· −· +·  · −· · −· · · · · · +· · +·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · +· · · · · · · · · · −·  · +· · +· · · · · · −· · −·  +· +· · +· · · · · · −· +· −·  +· +· · +· · · · −· · −· +· −·  +· +· · +· · +· · −· · −· +· −·

Month a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 Jan. +· −· +· · +· · +· · +· +· +· +· Feb. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · Mar. −· −· · −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· Apr. −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· +· −· +· −· May −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· +· −· June −· · −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· July −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· Aug. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· Sept. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · Oct. +· +· · +· · +· −· +· −· +· −· +· Nov. +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· −· +· −· +· Dec. +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +·

Latitude = Corrected observed altitude of Polaris + a0 + a1 + a2 Azimuth of Polaris = (b0 + b1 + b2 ) / cos (latitude)

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 POLARIS TABLE, 2017 57 LST h h h h h h a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 m 000000000000  −· −· −· −· − · −· + · −· + · −· + · −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −· −· −· −· − · −· + · −· + · −· + · −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −· −· −· −· − · −· + · −· + · −· + · −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −· −· −· −· − · −· + · −· + · −· + · −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · − · · · · · · · ·  · · · · + · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  −· −· − · −· + · −· + · −· + · −· + · −·

Lat. a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 a1 b1 ◦  −· +· −· +· −· +· −· −· −· −· −· −·  −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −·  −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −·  −· +· −· +· −· · −· · −· −· −· −·  −· +· −· +· −· · −· · −· −· · −·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · −· · · +· · +· · · · · +·  +· −· +· −· +· · +· · +· +· +· +·  +· −· +· −· +· · +· · +· +· +· +·  +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· +· +·  +· −· +· −· +· −· +· +· +· +· +· +·

Month a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 Jan. +· +· · +· · +· · +· −· +· −· +· Feb. +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· Mar. +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· Apr. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· May +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· June · −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· July −· −· · −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· Aug. −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· +· −· +· −· Sept. −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· Oct. −· +· −· · −· · −· −· −· −· −· −· Nov. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· Dec. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· ·

Latitude = Corrected observed altitude of Polaris + a0 + a1 + a2 Azimuth of Polaris = (b0 + b1 + b2 ) / cos (latitude)

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 58 POLARIS TABLE, 2017 LST h h h h h h a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 m 000000000000  + · −· + · −· + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  + · −· + · −· + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  + · −· + · −· + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  + · −· + · −· + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · − · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · + · · · · · · ·  + · −· + · − · + · + · + · + · + · + · + · + ·

Month a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 Jan. −· +· −· · −· · −· · −· −· −· −· Feb. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · Mar. +· +· · +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· Apr. +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· −· +· −· +· May +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· −· +· June +· · +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· July +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· Aug. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· Sept. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · Oct. −· −· · −· · −· +· −· +· −· +· −· Nov. −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· +· −· +· −· Dec. −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −·

Latitude = Corrected observed altitude of Polaris + a0 + a1 + a2 Azimuth of Polaris = (b0 + b1 + b2 ) / cos (latitude)

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 POLARIS TABLE, 2017 59 LST h h h h h h a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 a0 b0 m 000000000000  + · + · + · + · + · + · − · + · −· + · −· + ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  + · + · + · + · + · + · − · + · −· + · −· + ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  + · + · + · + · + · + · − · + · −· + · −· + ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  + · + · + · + · + · + · − · + · −· + · −· + ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · · · · · · · · ·  · · · · + · · · · · · · ·  · · · · − · · · · · · · ·  + · + · + · + · − · + · −· + · −· + · −· + ·

Month a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 a2 b2 Jan. −· −· · −· · −· · −· +· −· +· −· Feb. −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· · −· Mar. −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· −· −· −· −· Apr. −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· −· −· May −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· · −· −· June · +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· July +· +· · +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· Aug. +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· −· +· −· +· Sept. +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· +· · +· Oct. +· −· +· · +· · +· +· +· +· +· +· Nov. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· · +· +· +· +· Dec. +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· −· +· ·

Latitude = Corrected observed altitude of Polaris + a0 + a1 + a2 Azimuth of Polaris = (b0 + b1 + b2 ) / cos (latitude)

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 60 LIST OF RADIO TIME SIGNALS Call sign Frequency Power Notes on signals Station (kHz) (kW) (All times are in UTC) MSF   Continuous except for maintenance, search NPL web site Anthorn www.npl.co.uk for MSF Outages. England Second markers  ms; minute markers  ms; both markers interruption of carrier. Seconds - carry information for the current minute about DUT, and the remaining seconds convey the time and date code.

DCF77 ·  Continuous. Mainﬂingen M-Minute markers. Markers interruption of carrier; Germany no interruption at s.

RWM    Continuous except between h–h on some Wednesdays. Moscow    Second markers  ms and  ms, minute markers  ms. Russia    Call sign in morse m–m and m–m. DUT coded (Russian system) between m–m and m–m.

JJY Continuous. Minute marker pulse .s. Call sign in morse Otakadoya-yama   at m and m hourly. Hagane-yama   Japan

WWVH *    Continuous. Second markers  ms of · kHz tone, minute Kauai, Kekaha    markers  ms of · kHz tone; hour markers  ms of Hawaii    · kHz tone; no audio tone between m–m, m–m, U.S.A.    m–m, m–m. Voice station identiﬁcation at m & m.

WWV *   · Continuous. Second markers  ms of  kHz tone, minute Fort Collins    markers  ms of  kHz tone, hour markers  ms of Colorado    · kHz tone; no audio tone between m–m, m–m, U.S.A.    m–m. Voice station identiﬁcation at m and m.   ·

WWVB *   Continuous. One pulse/second special binary time code. Fort Collins Gives minutes, hours, days, DUT1, year, DST. Colorado Identiﬁed by unique time code and a ◦ carrier phase shift U.S.A. between m and m hourly.

CHU *    Continuous. Second markers  ms, minute markers Ottawa     ms, hour markers s; silence at s. Canada    Bilingual station identiﬁcation and time announcement of UTC between s–s.

LOL    Mon.-Fri. h–h local time. Second and minute Buenos Aires markers  ms with either  kHz or  Hz tone. Argentina Voice announcement of time (UTC−h).

* See note opposite.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 LIST OF RADIO TIME SIGNALS 61 NOTES ON RADIO TIME SIGNALS The list of radio time signals is restricted to the principal signals that are likely to be used by land surveyors. The details of the transmissions are believed to be correct at March , but the signals are liable to changes at short notice. An extended list of radio time signals is given in The Admiralty List of Radio Signals, Volume ; this is published by the UK Hydrographic Office (www.ukho.gov.uk) and is obtainable from the Agents for the sale of Admiralty Charts. Details of amendments to the signals are given in Section VI of the Weekly Edition of Admiralty Notices to Mariners (published as for the Admiralty List). The weekly notices are available at http://www.ukho.gov.uk/ProductsandServices/MartimeSafety/Pages/NMPublic.aspx. The signals in the list are all based on the system of coordinated universal time (UTC) that was introduced in  January . This system is derived from the international atomic time scale (TAI), and differs from it only by an integral number of seconds, but step adjustments of  second are made from time to time in order that UTC shall not differ from UT, which corresponds to mean solar time on the meridian of Greenwich, by more than · seconds. Any such step adjustments are normally made at the last UTC second of December  and June , but may be made at the end of any other month if this is necessary in order to maintain compatibility with UT. The signals indicated (*) are coded by emphasising some seconds markers to give DUT, the predicted value of UT − UTC rounded to a precision of · seconds. If the seconds markers from s to ns are emphasised, the difference is + n × · seconds; if the seconds markers from s to ( + m)s are emphasised, the difference is − m × · seconds (n and m are always less than or equal to ). The appropriate seconds markers may be emphasised by lengthening, doubling, splitting or tone modulation of the normal seconds markers. In reducing observations it is possible either to apply corrections to all the times to reduce them to UT (e.g. by incorporating them with the corrections to the chronometer) or to apply corrections to the deduced positions. The correction in longitude in seconds of arc, measured positively to the east, is equal to minus fifteen times the difference UT − UTC in seconds of time. Provisional values in seconds (s) of the differences UT − UTC and TAI − UTC, are given in the weekly International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Bulletin A, obtainable from National Earth Orientation Service, US Naval Observatory, Washington DC  − , United States of America. The Internet address is http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/earth-orientation. In all cases the commencement of each minute and second marker indicates the timing reference point. In the case of JJY a lengthened additional marker gives previous notice that the next second is the minute marker. Warning: The “-pips” time-signals broadcast in the World Service of the BBC are not intended for precise use. Digital radio broadcasts are subject to delays between s to s. Analogue radio broadcasts are accurate to the second. In direct transmissions from the UK the start of the long final pip will normally be received within .s of UTC, but signals from relay stations abroad may be subject to additional delays of .s.

MEAN REFRACTION, ro Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r Alt. r ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0   00   00   00   00   00   00   00                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   In critical cases ascend.

Refraction = r × f, where r is the mean refraction and f is the correcting factor on pages 63, 64.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 CONVERSION OF TIME TO ARC 69 h h h h h h .s .s .s .s .s m ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 ◦ 0 s 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00 0 00                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 The left-hand portion of the table gives the arc equivalent of each minute of time less than h; for larger intervals note that h = ◦; h = ◦; h = ◦. The right-hand portion gives the equivalent of seconds, and ﬁfths of seconds, of time.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 70 INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR R MUTUAL CONVERSION OF INTERVALS OF SOLAR AND SIDEREAL TIME solar sidereal solar sidereal solar sidereal solar sidereal ∆R ∆R ∆R ∆R h h h h h h h h m s m s m s m s m s m s m s m s  · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · ·  ·  ·  ·  · In critical cases ascend. Add ∆R to solar time interval (left-hand argument) to obtain sidereal time interval. Subtract ∆R from sidereal time interval (right-hand argument) to obtain solar time interval.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR R 71 MUTUAL CONVERSION OF INTERVALS OF SOLAR AND SIDEREAL TIME solar sidereal solar sidereal solar sidereal solar sidereal ∆R ∆R ∆R ∆R h h h h h h h h m s m s m s m s m s m s m s m s  · s  ·  · s  · s s · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · In critical cases ascend. Add ∆R to solar time interval (left-hand argument) to obtain sidereal time interval. Subtract ∆R from sidereal time interval (right-hand argument) to obtain solar time interval.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 72 INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR R MUTUAL CONVERSION OF INTERVALS OF SOLAR AND SIDEREAL TIME solar sidereal solar sidereal solar sidereal solar sidereal ∆R ∆R ∆R ∆R h h h h h h h h m s m s m s m s m s m s m s m s  · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  ·  · s  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · · · · ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  ·  · ·  ·  · In critical cases ascend. Add ∆R to solar time interval (left-hand argument) to obtain sidereal time interval. Subtract ∆R from sidereal time interval (right-hand argument) to obtain solar time interval.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR SUN 73 Time Tabular six-hourly difference diff.                         h m                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            INTERPOLATION TABLE FOR STARS Day of Monthly difference month                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 74 POLYNOMIAL COEFFICIENTS FOR R AND SUN, 2017 As an alternative to the main tabulations of R and Sun on pages –, monthly sets of polynomial coefficients are given on the opposite page. The coefficients have been included to enable users who possess small programmable electronic calculators to evaluate R and Sun directly without recourse to interpolation tables. Formulae for the evaluation of the polynomials are given beneath the tabulations. The polynomial series for Dec and E may be evaluated efficiently by using the second expression in which the interpolating factor x is used as a constant multiplier and the formation of the separate powers of x is avoided; the algorithm may be written as

bn+1 = bn x + a4−n, for n =  to  where b1 = a4 and b5 = required value. Particular care must be taken to ensure that the coefﬁcients are entered with the correct signs; check sums are provided for checking that the coefﬁcients have been entered correctly. Example for  January d h m .s UT. x = · / = ·  R = +h.  + h.  x = h.  = h m s Dec E

b1 − ·  b2 − ·  b1 − ·  b2 + ·  b3 + ·  b4 + ·  b3 + ·  b4 − ·  ◦ 0 00 h m s b5 − ·  = S    b5 + ·  =   

SD = +.◦  − .◦  x = .◦  = 0 00

Parallax. If the full accuracy of the polynomial coefficients is to be used then it is necessary to correct the observed altitude of the Sun for parallax by adding .00 cos (altitude). Accuracy of the Polynomial Method. Estimates of the standard error and the maximum error that can arise using the polynomials are given below. R Dec E SD Standard error .s .00 .s .00 Maximum error .s .00 .s .00 The error distribution is approximately Gaussian over a long period of time, but errors on a given day for a particular quantity are likely to be systematic. If the values from the polynomials are rounded before use to 00 for Dec and SD and .s for R and E, then additional rounding errors are introduced, and the maximum possible errors are increased to .00 for Dec, .00 for SD, and .s for R and .s for E. Conversion of GST to UT. For planning purposes it may be useful to find the approximate values of UT corresponding to given values of GST on a particular day d. The series for R may be h used. First calculate GST at  UT on the day concerned from a0 + (d/)a1. Then UT = (GST − GST at h UT) × ·  since a mean value of the rate of increase of GST with UT may be used. For example, suppose we wish to find the UT corresponding to h m s GST on  January . GST at h UT on  January  = h.  (or the value h m .s may be taken directly from the main tabulation on page ). Hence UT = (h.  − h. ) × ·  = h.  = h m s where h has been added to GST to make the term in parentheses positive.

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 POLYNOMIAL COEFFICIENTS FOR R AND SUN, 2017 75 RRRR h h h h a0 Jan. + · Apr. +· July +· Oct. + · a1 + · + · + · + ·

a0 Feb. + · May +· Aug. +· Nov. + · a1 + · + · + · + ·

a0 Mar. +· June +· Sept. +· Dec. + · a1 + · + · + · + · Dec E Dec E Dec E ◦ h ◦ h ◦ h a0 Jan. −· + · May + · + · Sept. + · + · a1 + · − · + · + · −· + · a2 + · + · − · − · − · + · a3 − · + · − · − · + · − · a4 − · − · + · + · + · + · Check sum−· + · + · + · − · + ·

a0 Feb. −· + · June + · + · Oct. − · + · a1 + · − · + · − · −· + · a2 + · + · − · − · + · − · a3 − · − · − · + · + · − · a4 − · − · + · + · + · + · Check sum− · + · + · + · −· + ·

a0 Mar. − · + · July + · + · Nov. −· + · a1 + · + · − · − · −· + · a2 + · + · − · + · + · − · a3 − · − · + · + · + · − · a4 + · + · + · − · − · + · Check sum+ · + · + · + · −· + ·

a0 Apr. + · + · Aug. + · + · Dec. −· + · a1 + · + · − · + · − · − · a2 − · − · − · + · + · − · a3 − · − · + · − · + · + · a4 − · + · + · − · − · + · Check sum+ · + · + · + · −· + · SUN’S SEMI-DIAMETER (SD) ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

a0 Jan. +· Apr. +· July +· Oct. +· a1 −· −· +· +·

a0 Feb. +· May +· Aug. +· Nov. +· a1 −· −· +· +·

a0 Mar. +· June +· Sept. +· Dec. +· a1 −· −· +· +· The interpolating factor x = d/, where d is the sum of the day of the month and the decimal of the day in UT.

R and SD are computed from a0 + a1x where a0, a1 are given in the table. Dec and E are computed from the polynomial: 2 3 4 a0 + a1x + a2x + a3x + a4x ≡ (((a4x + a3)x + a2)x + a1)x + a0 The coefﬁcients for each month are valid for  ≤ x ≤ . To obtain full accuracy x should be calculated to seven decimal places.

o ORION 10 ν ξ N HO O γ U SI R N 4 α ζ 8 S E γ η μ O SC F A ε δ R δ TAURUS IG T β ε H H κ G C G EMIN AN T I C A RI o ER S F IC η 30 C T δ α O IP ι β E L ES N S C D θ α R E RIGA S EIA AU E I U PL η C O O ζ LI N H β ι PT ε ε α I S C U 10 E L S Y 2 R NX

PE o 50 ε ARIES α δ α

δ α β γ

β γ 1 ι α

α PARDALISβ η β O ES L C γ γ CAME L E TRIANGULUM ο PIS α θ O LEO

λ β M

IN μ

β o O 70 R

ζ θ

ε U IA δ MA E δ RS

β ψ JOR A

IO δ

DA α γ α

CASS

OME γ

β 12

PEG γ δ ANDR CI I

A T

β A SU URSA ε N

S MINOR δ L β β α A ζ S β C α α E E γ NES VE α IC R A N T C CEPHEUS η β η A α RE E ε o B δ 70 ζ η A ζ ι M O

C VIRGO DRACO γ α η CYGNUS γ β β γ 22 ε α ζ δ o BOOTES ε ε 50 1 δ 14

HERCULES η α β ζ DELPHINUS π COR. BOR. α ζ α β γ β LYRA ε β o γ SAGITTA 30 β β ε γ β μ δ SERPENS γ 20 AQ UILA ζ α 16 α S OPHIUCHU MAGNITUDE 10o VARIABLE STARS 1.5 and brighter 18 A fixed magnitude 2.5 and brighter to 1.5 has been adopted for 3.5 and brighter to 2.5 each variable star. Fainter than 3.5 Untabulated stars EQUATORIAL STARS (RA 12 h to 24 h ) 24 22 20 18 16 14 12 β o North α β CYGNUS ε β 30 β μ α COMA δ β COR. BOR. BERENICES o PEGASUS HERCULES o 20 1 γ SAGITTA γ BOOTES α η 20 DELPHINUSα β α α β γ β ζ α ζ ζ ε γ ε

o South DECLINATION 10 ε α 10o PISCES κ α ο α β γ δ β δ EQUULEUS SERPENS SERPENS o α VIRGO o 0 0 EC θ η OPHIUCHUS δ ζ γ LIP λ β TIC β ε AQUILA α o ε ν β κ o DECLINATION AQUARIUS α 10 α2 SCUTUM ζ 10 2 IC ι β ξ γ α IPT CORVUS δ η ECL γ δ γ SAGITTARIUS β δ o π o 20 ζ γ 20 SCORPIUS δ LIBRA CAPRICORNUS σ σ β ε PISCIS σ λ α π τ θ τ π HYDRA o AUSTRINUS α φ o South30 North 30 24 22 20 ζ δ 18 16 14 12 HOURS OF RIGHT ASCENSION

SOUTHERN STARS

10o

N HO O α β α μ U SI γ R N δ 4 S E 8 β 53 O C R δ F S CANIS MAJO γ ε R A ο2 LEPUS ε I T γ G H H δ ζ ERIDANUS T G ε RI ξ o A η 30 α η S F ρ C O δ E S β N R α S π I U COLU O UPPIS MBA O P ν α τ 3 N H PYXIS γ α σ HOROLOGIUMα FORNAX

ζ o 2 50 10 2 α ζ γ β τ λ θ

α DO μ λ RA TOR D PIC O

CARINA α β

C A δ ε α α η ET ν κ δ RE β VELA T U β ICUL NTLIA S HYDR ι α A S o UM γ N α 70 α R α β E υ δ VOLAN γ α MENSA α β β HYDRUS α μ SCULPTOR

γ 4050 PH CRAT

θ EN ξ AELEON

M β

λ IX A

δ δ σ

12 α

β α ε C β

γ O β γ R CRUX MUSCA

γ β V γ α OCTANS β C U E TUCANA S δ N α β T APUS β β A ε U TRI. AUST. γ α

R α γ 1 α U β δ S o δ GRUS ι ζ α β 70 δ γ α α β ν μ CIRCINUSβ β RINUS β T S α PAVO ζ IUS γ AU θ η α α R VIRG A β ζ CIS π γ S

α PI AQU O κ γ 2 β ι

δ N ARA INDUS LU OR α o E P MA 1 δ 14 γ US 50 C β ζ κ L ESCOPIUM γ IP TEL α 22 T η θ α I σ C 1 1 ι μ κ CORONAα α β 2 LIBRA η AUST. υ π ε λ CAPRICORNUS SCO G ε RPIUS ζ δ σ τ γ δ α τ β γ o IC ε β β θ 30 λ φ PT σ LI 2 EC α O PHIU CH π US 16 η TARIUS ζ ξ SAGIT 20 SERPENS MAGNITUDE 10o VARIABLE STARS 1.5 and brighter 18 A fixed magnitude 2.5 and brighter to 1.5 has been adopted for 3.5 and brighter to 2.5 each variable star. Fainter than 3.5 Untabulated stars EQUATORIAL STARS (RA 0 h to 12 h )

12 10 8 κ 6 4 2 α 0 30 o North ι AURIGA TRIANGULUM ANDROMEDA α 30 β ε β ε GEMINI PLEIADES ζ LEO δ η α o δ 1 μ η β o γ δ ζ ARIES 20 CANCER ε δ 20 θ γ TAURUS η PEGASUS ν α E β ξ γ CLI γ α α PTIC

o β PISCES South o DECLINATION 10 CANIS β α 3 ε 10 ν ζ ε γ π TIC δ MINOR ε LIP α γ β EC α α o δ δ δ 0 0o VIRGO 1 ε η ο HYDRA ζ MONOCEROS ORION CETUS ι β α ε η ζ o β δ η o DECLINATION 10 λ α κ 10 CRATER δ ν γ α μ γ α β α 53 o γ μ ERIDANUS β 20 δ β 20o CANIS ε 3 PUPPIS ο2 γ τ ρ ξ δ MAJOR LEPUS γ o PYXIS η ε α FORNAX αSCULPTOR o South30 North 30 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 HOURS OF RIGHT ASCENSION

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 78 INDEX TO PLACES OF STARS This index gives the number by which each star is distinguished in the list of apparent places on pages -. The ﬁve northern circumpolar stars are indicated by NP, the ﬁve southern by SP. Apparent places of these ten stars (for every ten days) are tabulated on pages -. The numbers of some of the brighter stars that are known by their proper names are as follows: Proper Proper Proper Name Number Name Number Name Number Achernar  Canopus  Pollux  Aldebaran  Capella  Procyon  Algol  Castor  Regulus  Altair  Deneb  Rigel  Antares  Denebola  Sirius  Arcturus  Dubhe  Spica  Bellatrix  Fomalhaut  Vega  Betelgeuse  Polaris NP

Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Andromedae Aquarii Aurigae Cancri Capricorni Cassiopeiae α  θ  α  α  ι    β  ι  β  β  ψ  Centauri γ  λ  δ  δ  ω  α  δ  τ   ι  Carinae β  ζ  φ  ζ  α  γ  ι    η  Canis Majoris α  β  δ  κ    θ    λ  ι  β  γ  θ  ζ  µ  Aquilae κ  ι  η  α  δ  ν  ν  υ  θ  β   o  χ  ι  γ  ζ  υ  Bootis ω  κ  δ  α  η    I  λ   β  θ  a  µ  ζ  γ  κ  Antliae 2 l  ν  α  η  δ  o  u  ξ 2  θ   σ  BS  π  λ  ζ  ω  Apodis BS  σ  α  η  BS  ψ  β  θ  Canis Minoris Arae α  BS  d  γ  α  λ  β  BS  v  δ 1  β  µ    η  γ  ρ  Cassiopeiae Canum Venat. BS  R  δ  α  α  BS  1  Camelopardalis β  β  BS  Aquarii ζ  α  γ  α  η  β  Capricorni δ  Cephei β  θ  BS  α 2   α  γ  BS  β  ζ  β  δ  Arietis BS  γ  η  γ   α  BS  δ  κ  δ  ζ  β  BS  ζ    ζ  η    BS  θ    η 

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 INDEX TO PLACES OF STARS 79 Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Cephei Coronae Aust. Doradus Fornacis Hydrae Leporis θ  α  α  α  α  η  ι  β  Geminorum γ  λ  κ  Coronae Bor. γ  α  δ  µ  α  µ  Draconis β   Librae ν  β  γ  ζ  α  α 2  π  γ  δ  θ  β  β  BS NP   ι  γ  γ  BS  θ  ζ  λ  δ  σ  BS   η  µ  Corvi τ  BS  θ  ν  β  ζ  υ  BS NP ξ  γ  η  ι  BS NP π  δ  θ  κ  Lupi BS  BS  α   ι  λ  β  Ceti κ  µ  Hydri γ  α  Crateris λ  ν  α  δ  β  α  ξ  ξ  β   γ  γ  χ  ρ  γ  ζ  δ  δ    υ  δ  η  ζ       θ  η  Crucis   Gruis ν  α  1 θ  BS  α  κ  β  1 ι  BS  β  Indi φ  γ  α  χ  µ  Equulei γ  δ  1 β  ξ 2  α  δ   Lyncis o  Eridani  Lacertae α  π  α  ζ  α  Cygni   τ  β  ι  α  Leonis   υ  β  γ  Herculis α    δ  α  Chamaeleontis γ  β  BS  α  δ   β  γ 1  Lyrae β   η  γ  δ  θ  δ  α  γ  ζ   β  δ 2  η  ι   ζ  κ  ζ  γ   ι  η  θ  ζ  κ  λ  η  θ  µ  θ  κ  θ  ν  µ  R  κ  ξ  ν  ι  o  1 o 1  o  λ  ρ  Mensae Circini 3 π 2  τ  µ  σ  α  α  5 ρ  τ  ξ  β  6 Leonis Min. Monocerotis σ  τ  o  2 β  α  Columbae τ  υ  π  α  4   δ  υ  υ  σ  β     φ  τ  Leporis γ    χ  φ  α  Muscae δ      β  α   Delphini     γ  β  η  α      δ  γ  Comae Ber. β  BS  Horologii  δ  β   BS  α  ζ  ι 1 

HMNAO @ UKHO c British Crown Copyright 2016 80 INDEX TO PLACES OF STARS Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Name No. Muscae Pavonis Pictoris Sagittarii Tauri Ursae Majoris λ  α  α  θ 1  γ  χ  Normae β  β  ι  δ  ψ  γ 2  γ  γ  λ     Octantis δ  µ  ζ  Ursae Minoris  Piscis Aust. ξ 2  η  α NP α  α  ζ  o  θ 2  β  β  β  η  π  λ  γ  δ   λ  ρ  µ  δ NP  ι  ζ SP ξ  σ  ν   θ  Piscium τ  ξ  ζ  Pegasi α  φ  o  η  ι SP α  γ  τ    ν  β  Scorpii      σ SP γ  α  τ SP η  β    Velorum  γ 2  χ SP θ  δ    ζ  δ  ι     Ophiuchi η  κ  α  ω  ζ 2  θ  Telescopii λ  β  η  α  ι  Puppis µ  γ  θ  λ  ζ  Trianguli o  δ  ι 1  µ  ν  α  φ   κ  π  ξ  β  ψ  ζ    π  λ  γ  1 N  η  ρ  µ  2 Triang. Aust. BS  θ  Persei σ  µ  α  α  BS  ι  τ  π  β  β  BS  κ  I  σ  γ  γ  BS  λ  c  τ  δ  δ  BS  ν  BS  υ    BS  σ  BS  G  ζ  Virginis   N  Tucanae α  η  Pyxidis α    β  θ  α  Sculptoris γ    α  γ    ι  γ  ζ  λ  β  δ  Orionis µ  Reticuli Ursae Majoris  α  α  Scuti α  ν  α  ζ  β  β  β  ξ  β  η  γ  δ  γ  o  θ  δ  Serpentis δ  ι  ρ  Sagittae α    κ  1 τ  β  β  ζ  ζ  µ  φ  γ  γ  η  η  ν    δ  δ  ι  θ  o   κ  Phoenicis Sagittarii ι  τ  η  λ  α  α  κ    1 κ  ν  β  β  λ  Volantis π 3  γ  γ  µ  µ  α  π 4  δ  δ  ξ  ν  β  5 π    Tauri ξ  γ 2  σ  κ  ζ  α  o  δ  τ  ψ  η  β  υ  ζ 

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