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Driving Space Commerce Through Effective Spectrum Policy

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Driving Space Commerce Through Effective Spectrum Policy Driving Space Commerce Through Effective Spectrum Policy Recommendations for Improving the Global Competitiveness of the United States Space Sector through Radio Frequency Spectrum Policies, Regulation, and United States Activities at the International Telecommunication Union and Other Multilateral Forums U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, SECRETARY David J. Redl, ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION Office of Science and Technology Policy The White House TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary ······················································································ IV Introduction ································································································· 1 Analysis ······································································································· 4 I. The Space Economy ······································································· 4 II. Planned Space Commerce Activities ···················································· 7 III. Trends in the Use of Space-related Spectrum ·········································· 8 IV. Stakeholder Feedback ····································································· 9 Recommendations ························································································· 11 I. Spectrum Policies ············································································· 11 1. Allocate and assign radio frequencies domestically in a manner that recognizes satellite operations as essential for space commerce innovation and economic growth ······················································································ 11 2. Spectrum policy must balance in future allocations rising demand for service with the availability of new technologies that significantly enhance spectral efficiency ······························································································· 12 3. Support global harmonization of the radio frequency spectrum for space related activities ···················································································· 13 4. Improve radio frequency access for commercial space launches in the United States ························································································ 14 5. Protect space operations from harmful interference ·································· 15 6. Examine the impact of quantum satellite communication technologies on the U.S. radio frequency ecosystem ······························································· 16 7. Develop short-term and long-term spectrum policies that ensure deep space communications and navigation capabilities will meet demand ···················· 17 8. Support appropriate policies that can help speed the delivery of satellite broadband solutions to market ·························································· 19 II. Radio frequency Licensing Policies ························································ 19 9. Advance a streamlined U.S. radio frequency licensing process for satellites of all sizes ························································································· 19 10. Streamline the U.S. process for authorizing use of radio frequencies for international satellite Positioning, Navigation and Timing systems ··············· 20 III. International Spectrum Policies Impacting Space Operations ··························· 21 11. Improve the space-related activities and processes of the International Telecommunications Union and other multilateral organizations ·················· 21 ii IV. Stakeholder Input ·············································································· 21 12. Develop a robust, periodic process for stakeholder input ··························· 21 13. Assessment of space operation spectrum demand and reporting on efforts to meet it ····························································································· 21 Annex A ························································································ 22 Annex B ························································································ 23 Annex C ························································································ 27 iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY On May 24, 2018, President Donald J. Trump issued Space Policy Directive – 2 (SPD-2), Streamlining Regulations on Commercial Use of Space.1 The section on radio frequency spectrum requires the Secretary of Commerce and the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) to provide a report to the President “on improving the global competitiveness of the United States space sector through radio frequency spectrum policies, regulation, and United States activities at the International Telecommunication Union and other multilateral forums.”2 This report responds with a set of recommendations to support the radio frequency needs of the United States space sector. The Trump Administration recognizes that a healthy satellite industry, equipped with sufficient access to radio frequency spectrum, is essential to the global competitiveness of the United States space sector. This report also considers the need to protect national security assets and balance other economic interests, consistent with the Administration’s holistic approach to spectrum management and policy reflected in the recently issued Presidential Memorandum on Developing a Sustainable Spectrum Strategy for America’s Future.3 In this report, we make thirteen specific recommendations: the first eight relate to spectrum and communications policies; two relate to streamlining the radio frequency licensing process; one relates to improving the United States position in international forums; and the final two procedural recommendations involve strengthening stakeholder input mechanisms and regularly assessing spectrum needs for space operations.4 The report’s specific recommendations, detailed below, are: 1. Allocate and assign radio frequencies domestically in a manner that recognizes satellite operations are essential for space commerce innovation, competitiveness, and economic growth. 2. Spectrum policy must balance in future allocations the rising demand for service with the availability of new technologies that significantly enhance spectral efficiency. 3. Support global harmonization of the radio frequency spectrum for space activities. 4. Improve radio frequency access for commercial space launches in the United States. 5. Protect space operations from harmful radio frequency interference. 1 See Space Policy Directive-2, Streamlining Regulations on Commercial Use of Space, 83 Fed. Reg. 24901 (May 30, 2018), available at https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/05/30/2018-11769/streamlining- regulations-on-commercial-use-of-space (“Space Policy Directive-2” or “SPD-2”). The report is to be prepared in consultation with the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission and in coordination with the members of the National Space Council. Id. 2 See id. 3 Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies, Developing a Sustainable Spectrum Strategy for America’s Future, 83 Fed. Reg. 54513 (Oct. 30, 2018), available at https://www.federalregister.gov/d/2018- 23839 (“Spectrum PM”). 4 As the U.S. develops these spectrum-based recommendations, it is important to complement them with both trade advocacy that advances U.S. space commerce issues internationally and multilateral work to alter policies in other nations that discourage U.S. opportunities in the space commerce sector. iv 6. Examine the impact of quantum satellite communication technologies on the U.S. radio frequency ecosystem. 7. Develop short-term and long-term spectrum policies that ensure deep space communications and navigation capabilities can meet exponentially increasing demand. 8. Support appropriate policies that can help speed the delivery of satellite broadband solutions to global markets in both served and underserved areas. 9. Advance a streamlined U.S. radio frequency licensing process for all satellites. 10. Streamline the U.S. process for authorizing domestic reception of foreign Global Navigation Satellite System signals when found to be in the national interest. 11. Work with like-minded countries to improve the space-related activities and processes of the International Telecommunication Union and other multilateral organizations. 12. Develop a robust process for periodic stakeholder input. 13. Assess spectrum demand for space operation and report on efforts to meet it. The three annexes provide further background material in connection with the recommendations. v INTRODUCTION The Trump Administration is committed to advancing commercial space activity and ensuring that the United States remains the flag of choice for space commerce. On June 30, 2017, President Trump revived the National Space Council, chaired by Vice President Pence, following a twenty-five-year dormancy. Subsequently, the President signed three space policy directives that make evident the Administration’s revitalized emphasis on human exploration and discovery. In signing Space Policy Directive – 1 (SPD-1), President Trump reaffirmed that Americans would lead in space once again on all fronts, and that America would “establish a foundation for an eventual mission to Mars, and perhaps someday, to many worlds beyond.”5 Space Policy Directives 2 and 3 direct the Department of Commerce (Department) to eliminate regulatory burdens on commercial space activity
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