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Church Wood & Robsack Wood Local Nature Reserve Biodiversity Analysis (DRAFT) Introduction This document lists the status of biological records for Church Wood & Robsack Wood Local Nature Reserve. A simple analysis of the records will show where there are gaps in the biodiversity knowledge of the nature reserve and where resources should be prioritised for biological recording, surveys and monitoring. A plan of biological recording is also suggested for Church Wood & Robsack Wood Local Nature Reserve to ensure the biodiversity knowledge of the site is comprehensive, up- to-date and accurate. Previous Surveys & Monitoring The following surveys are the source of most of the records for the nature reserve: • Phase 1 habitat survey • SNCI assessment • Bumblebee Survey • Badger Sett Survey • Wildlife Events such as moth evenings • ad hoc surveys by visiting naturalists Biological Records In total 685 records of 373 species are held for Church Wood & Robsack Wood Local Nature Reserve. The list below shows the number of species and records for each taxonomic group recorded from the nature reserve. Only records sent to the Hastings Borough Council and/or Sussex Biodiversity Record Centre are included as these are the only records held in the official database of biological records for the nature reserve and have been validated and checked for accuracy. Taxonomic Groups Recorded: • Beetles - 2 species, 2 records • Birds - 52 species, 52 records • Butterflies - 16 species, 17 records • Diptera - 1 species, 1 record • Fungi - 79 species, 82 records • Hymenoptera - 9 species, 18 records • Moths - 14 species, 14 records • Odonata - 12 species, 12 records • Orthoptera - 8 species, 8 records • Spiders - 19 species, 57 records • Vascular Plants - 161 species, 422 records Future Biological Recording It is clear that a great deal of work needs to be carried out to obtain a definitive and accurate account of the biodiversity of Church Wood LNR. The largest gap in knowledge is with invertebrates which make up the great majority of the biodiversity of ancient woodland. Important groups to study within woodland, especially woodland with freshwater streams and springs is diptera. Most similar woodlands in Hastings have very important diptera communities including the presence of UK BAP species such as Lipsothrix nervosa. Other important groups that are important components of ancient woodland are moths, beetles and hymenoptera. Other glaring gaps in biodiversity knowledge are the almost complete lack of records for mammals and reptiles, although badger setts have been surveyed at the site this data is confidential. Fungi are obviously an important group within the site with one of the largest fungi species lists for any site in Hastings but work is still required to provide a more comprehensive list. Below is a provisional plan of biological recording for the nature reserve in order of priority (surveys requiring employment of specialists consultants are marked with *): 1. One off invertebrate survey focusing on diptera, coleoptera, hymenoptera & araneae - April to September* 2. Regular moth monitoring using MV lights - All year (April - October) 3. One off dormouse survey using tubes - April to September* 4. Annual breeding bird monitoring - May/June* 5. Annual plant monitoring of meadow area and coralroot bittercress - April to July 6. One off fungi survey - ?* 7. Regular recording of mammal sightings - All year 8. Regular recording of bird sightings - All year 9. Regular recording of reptile & amphibian sightings - Mar to October 10. Annual Orthoptera monitoring - August/September 11. Re-survey of badger setts* 12. One off bryophyte survey* 13. One off small mammal survey using traps* All future records need to be added to the official database of biodiversity records for Hastings either via adding sightings to wildhastings.org.uk, via online spreadsheets or via email to HBC in a spreadsheet. All future records will be checked, validated and then uploaded to the NBN gateway. Appendix 1 Species Lists (In alphabetical order of scientific name per taxonomic group) 1.1 Beetles Metoecus paradoxus Wasp-nest Beetle Stenolophus comma 1.2 Birds Accipiter nisus Eurasian Sparrowhawk Aegithalos caudatus Long-tailed Tit Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit Carduelis cannabina Common Linnet Carduelis carduelis European Goldfinch Carduelis chloris European Greenfinch Carduelis flammea Mealy Redpoll Carduelis spinus Eurasian Siskin Certhia familiaris Eurasian Treecreeper Columba palumbus Common Wood Pigeon Corvus corone corone Carrion Crow Corvus frugilegus Rook Cuculus canorus Common Cuckoo Dendrocopos major Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos minor Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Emberiza citrinella Yellowhammer Emberiza schoeniclus Reed Bunting Erithacus rubecula European Robin Falco tinnunculus Common Kestrel Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe Garrulus glandarius Eurasian Jay Motacilla alba yarrellii Pied Wagtail Motacilla cinerea Grey Wagtail Muscicapa striata Spotted Flycatcher Parus ater Coal Tit Parus caeruleus Blue Tit Parus major Great Tit Parus palustris Marsh Tit Passer domesticus House Sparrow Phylloscopus collybita Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus trochilus Willow Warbler Pica pica Black-billed Magpie Picus viridis Green Woodpecker Prunella modularis Hedge Accentor Pyrrhula pyrrhula Common Bullfinch Regulus regulus Goldcrest Scolopax rusticola Eurasian Woodcock Sitta europaea Wood Nuthatch Streptopelia decaocto Eurasian Collared Dove Strix aluco Tawny Owl Sturnus vulgaris Common Starling Sylvia atricapilla Blackcap Sylvia borin Garden Warbler Sylvia communis Common Whitethroat Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Turdus iliacus Redwing Turdus merula Common Blackbird Turdus philomelos Song Thrush Turdus pilaris Fieldfare Turdus torquatus Ring Ouzel Turdus viscivorus Mistle Thrush 1.3 Butterflies Aglais urticae Small Tortoiseshell Anthocharis cardamines Orange-tip Coenonympha pamphilus Small Heath Gonepteryx rhamni Brimstone Inachis io Peacock Lycaena phlaeas Small Copper Maniola jurtina Meadow Brown Pararge aegeria Speckled Wood Pieris brassicae Large White Pieris napi Green-veined White Pieris rapae Small White Polygonia c-album Comma Polyommatus icarus Common Blue Thymelicus lineola Essex Skipper Thymelicus sylvestris Small Skipper Vanessa atalanta Red Admiral 1.4 Diptera Eristalis pertinax 1.5 Fungi Agaricus arvensis Agaricus augustus Agaricus campestris Agaricus placomyces Amanita citrina Amanita fulva Amanita muscaria Amanita pantherina Amanita phalloides Amanita rubescens Armillaria mellea Bolbitius vitellinus Boletus aereus Boletus appendiculatus Boletus edulis Boletus erythropus Clavulina cristata Clitocybe geotropa Clitocybe nebularis Clitocybe phyllophila Clitopilus prunulus Coprinus comatus Coprinus lagopus Coprinus micaceus Coprinus picaceus Coprinus plicatilis Cortinarius pseudosalor Crepidotus variabilis Daedaleopsis confragosa Fistulina hepatica Gymnopilus junonius Hebeloma crustuliniforme Hydnum repandum Hygrocybe pratensis Hymenochaete rubiginosa Hypholoma fasciculare Laccaria laccata Lactarius circellatus Lactarius deterrimus Lactarius quietus Lactarius rufus Lactarius subdulcis Lactarius tabidus Lactarius turpis Laetiporus sulphureus Leccinum scabrum Lepiota friesii Lepista nuda Lycoperdon perlatum Lycoperdon pyriforme Macrolepiota procera Macrolepiota rhacodes Marasmius rotula Mycena crocata Mycena galopus Mycena inclinata Paxillus involutus Phallus impudicus Pholiota squarrosa Piptoporus betulinus Psathyrella candolleana Psilocybe semilanceata Ramaria stricta Russula brunneoviolacea Russula cyanoxantha Russula delica Russula gracillima Russula nigricans Russula ochroleuca Russula sororia Scleroderma citrinum Scleroderma verrucosum Stereum hirsutum Stereum rugosum Suillus grevillei Tremella mesenterica Tricholoma sulphureum Tricholomopsis rutilans Volvariella speciosa 1.6 Hymenoptera Andrena chrysosceles Andrena haemorrhoa Early Mining Bee Andrena nitida Bombus lapidarius Large Red Tailed Bumble Bee Bombus pratorum Early Bumble Bee Bombus terrestris Buff-tailed Bumble Bee Nomada panzeri Nomada ruficornis Red-horned Nomad Bee Nomada succincta 1.7 Moths Atethmia centrago Centre-barred Sallow Campaea margaritata Light Emerald Camptogramma bilineata Yellow Shell Hepialus sylvina Orange Swift Hypena proboscidalis Snout Idaea seriata Small Dusty Wave Lacanobia oleracea Bright-line Brown-eye Noctua fimbriata Broad-bordered Yellow Underwing Noctua pronuba Large Yellow Underwing Ochropleura plecta Flame Shoulder Opisthograptis luteolata Brimstone Moth Rivula sericealis Straw Dot Xestia c-nigrum Setaceous Hebrew Character Xestia xanthographa Square-spot Rustic 1.8 Odonata Aeshna cyanea Southern Hawker Aeshna grandis Brown Hawker Aeshna mixta Migrant Hawker Anax imperator Emperor Dragonfly Coenagrion puella Azure Damselfly Enallagma cyathigerum Common Blue Damselfly Ischnura elegans Blue-tailed Damselfly Libellula depressa Broad-bodied Chaser Orthetrum cancellatum Black-tailed Skimmer Pyrrhosoma nymphula Large Red Damselfly Sympetrum sanguineum Ruddy Darter Sympetrum striolatum Common Darter 1.9 Orthoptera Chorthippus brunneus Common Field Grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus Meadow Grasshopper Conocephalus discolor Long-winged Conehead Leptophyes punctatissima Speckled Bush Cricket Meconema thalassinum Oak Bush Cricket Omocestus rufipes Woodland Grasshopper Omocestus viridulus Common Green Grasshopper Pholidoptera griseoaptera Dark Bush Cricket 1.10 Spiders Ceratinella scabrosa Dictyna arundinacea Diplocephalus picinus Episinus
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  • Thistle Identification

    Thistle Identification

    Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service PSS-2776 Thistle Identification January 2021 Laura Goodman Extension Rangeland Ecology Specialist Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Fact Sheets are also available on our website at: Tom Royer extension.okstate.edu Extension Entomologist Alex Rocateli can often develop. The current Thistle Law includes three of Forage Systems Extension Specialist the five species. However, all introduced thistles should be considered invasive. Oklahoma’s Noxious Weed Law, first enacted in 1994 in four counties in northeastern Oklahoma (Code 35:30-36-13) Thistles Listed in the Noxious Weed Law was amended in 1995, 1998 and 1999. The current law de- Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) is an introduced peren- clares musk, scotch and Canada thistles to be noxious weeds nial thistle widely distributed in Nebraska and other northern and public nuisances in all counties of the state. states. At present, it does not appear to be a major threat in There are about a dozen purple-flowered spiny thistle Oklahoma. Several plants were collected in the panhandle species that occur in Oklahoma. Oklahoma’s Noxious Weed counties in the 1950s and several more in Bryan County in Law can raise concern among landowners if they do not the 1970s, but currently, no infestations are known to exist in know which thistles on their land they are required to control. the state. In a 1998 survey of noxious weeds in Meade County The purpose of this publication is to describe the introduced Kansas, north of Beaver County, Oklahoma, reported a small thistles, selected common native thistles and provide infor- infestation of Canada thistle.