Chinese Archaeology 12 (2012): 149-157 © 2012 by Walter de Gruyter, Inc.· Boston · Berlin. DOI 10.1515/char-2012-0018 A study of Xiongnu tombs Yueying Shan* Xiongnu tombs have been revealed. Of them approximately 900 tombs lie in Transbaikalia and Tuva of Russia, * Exhibition Department I, the National Museum of China. including nearly 400 excavated; about 30 cemeteries in Dongcheng District, Beijing 100006. Mongolia, comprising nearly 2,000 tombs, including E-mail:
[email protected] about 500 excavated; nine cemeteries in north China, including above 60 tombs. In Semirechye of Kazakhstan, Abstract five related cemeteries were discovered, where about 200 tombs have been excavated, including a considerable This paper makes an in-depth analysis to the Xiongnu number of Xiongnu burials. Based on the unearthed data tombs in the light of recently discovered data and from these burials, the present paper first makes an attempt new achievements in the study of relevant issues. It of comprehensive systematization and integrates study of comprises four parts: distribution and date, unearthed Xiongnu tombs and their grave goods, and then carries out typical artifacts, structural features and burial ritual, and researches on their periodization and regionalization. periodization and zoning. By analyzing the unearthed In the above-mentioned regions, Xiongnu cemeteries artifacts, this paper sums up the general characteristics are usually distributed in forest-clad mountain valleys, on (identity) and traditional regional elements of the Xiongnu the banks of large rivers and their tributaries or at river and culture. By studying the tomb types, coffin structures lake outlets linking with gorges, each comprising several to and burial customs, this paper makes conclusions on the thousands of burials.