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Singing the Niuean ‘Fetuiaga Kerisiano' on a Distant Shore

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Singing the Niuean ‘Fetuiaga Kerisiano' on a Distant Shore On Becoming a Liquid Church: Singing the Niuean ‘Fetuiaga Kerisiano' on a Distant Shore A thesis submitted to Charles Sturt University for the Doctor of Philosophy degree November 2015 By Matagi Jessop Don Vilitama 11393581 Faculty of Arts Department of Theology Charles Sturt University 2 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................. 5 Certificate of Authorship .................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ 9 Glossary - Niuean Words ............................................................................... 11 Chapter 1 On the Need for a Niu-e (New) Way of Thinking ......................... 19 1. The Task: Ko e Fekau ............................................................................ 19 2. Method: Moving into the Future through the Past .................................. 21 3. Crossing the Moana ............................................................................... 29 4. Experiencing Diaspora ........................................................................... 34 5. The Focus of this Research: Tu Kupega ................................................ 37 6. Moving Fakafetuiaga .............................................................................. 46 7. Coming Out of Silence ............................................................................ 50 8. The Importance of Words in an Oral Culture .......................................... 54 9. Fakafetuiaga Etymology ......................................................................... 59 10. Fetuiaga Kerisiano ................................................................................. 63 11. Talahauaga Faka-Atua Talking Matters About God ............................... 68 Chapter 2 Living in a Liquid World ................................................................ 79 1. Living in Another World .......................................................................... 79 2. From Solidity to Liquidity ........................................................................ 80 3. Liquidity and Global Flows ...................................................................... 83 4. Liquid Lives ............................................................................................. 87 5. Identity .................................................................................................... 90 6. Living In-Between ................................................................................... 95 7. The Liquid Church .................................................................................. 99 8. The Art of Living with Difference ........................................................... 101 Chapter 3 The Legacy of the Received Fakafetuiaga ................................ 103 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 103 2. Overcoming some Obstacles ............................................................... 105 3. New Beginning with Church ................................................................. 107 4. Imaging ................................................................................................. 110 5. Imaging the Church .............................................................................. 115 6. Modeling the Church ............................................................................ 117 7. Where is Christ? ................................................................................... 118 8. The Need for a Third-Order Reflection ................................................. 123 9. Magafaoa Family: The Body of Christ ................................................. 129 Chapter 4 Creating a New Inner Geography .............................................. 137 1. ‘By the waters of Babylon ...’ ............................................................... 137 3 2. The Synaesthetic Effect ........................................................................ 140 3. The Role of Hymns in Communal Life .................................................. 146 4. Tau Lologo Songs ................................................................................ 148 5. The Task of Theological Reflection ...................................................... 159 6. The Quest for a Contextual Image ....................................................... 162 7. More Than One Meaning ...................................................................... 169 8. The Distinctive Niuean Synaesthetic Effect .......................................... 175 Chapter 5 The Songmaker ........................................................................... 179 1. The Geography of the Heart ................................................................. 179 2. The Poetics of Witness ......................................................................... 181 3. Songs of the Heart ................................................................................ 185 4. Songs of Desire .................................................................................... 188 5. Niu Toa ................................................................................................. 195 6. The Child in Our Midst .......................................................................... 205 Chapter 6 Fai[umu] ko e Halavaka The Umu as Hermeneutical Tool ..... 209 1. Introduction ........................................................................................... 209 2. The Analogy of the Mat: Ko e Lalaga he Potu ..................................... 209 3. Hermeneutical Shifts ............................................................................ 216 4. Faiumu: Making of the Niuean Umu ..................................................... 227 5. Virtues and Values in Umu Hermeneutics ............................................ 232 6. Expanding the Metaphor of the Umu .................................................... 235 7. Umu: Vaka of the Gospel ..................................................................... 237 8. Vaka-he-Fonua: Rooted in the Land ................................................... 238 9. Vaka-he-Moana: The Journey on the Moana ...................................... 245 10. Vahaloto: The Principle of Space ........................................................ 250 11. Tutala Orality ....................................................................................... 258 12. The Hermeneutics of Practice .............................................................. 267 13. The Way of an Umu Hermeneutics ...................................................... 271 Chapter 7 The Liquid Fetuiaga Kerisiano ................................................... 273 1. Question Marks .................................................................................... 273 2. Relocating the Umu Fetuiaga Habits .................................................... 274 3. Umu in Diaspora: The Binding and Making of a Fetuiaga ................... 277 4. Remembering Vahaloto ........................................................................ 281 5. Considering the Lifelines ...................................................................... 285 6. The Practice of a Liquid Fetuiaga ......................................................... 287 7. By way of a Conclusion ........................................................................ 293 Bibliography .................................................................................................. 311 4 Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to construct an ecclesiology for the Niuean church in diaspora. It will do so replacing the traditional image of the church as Ekalesia with the Niuean term fetuiaga. That exchange represents a linguistic and cultural shift. There was no word for church in Niuean, so the hybridized neologism Ekalesia was invented. Fetuiaga refers to a gathering, assembly, fel- lowship, relationship, interconnections, etc. In this instance, the gathering be- comes the Fetuiaga Kerisiano - that is, the gathering of Christ. The purpose of this thesis is to explore how the traditional and received experi- ence of the Niuean Fetuiaga can be transported to a distant shore, in this case - Australia. Such a study is not peculiar to the Niuean diaspora. It mirrors in many ways what has happened in many larger island communities and their church- es. This study will be mindful of comparable experiences from Oceania and the migrant other. This study will not just be about the practice of what is involved in being the church. It will explore this practice in the light of received models and what it means to be the church in a new liquid vahaloto (space). It is thus an exercise in contextual and diasporic ecclesiology - but with a difference. The distinctive images that characterize this Fetuiaga Kerisiano will be explored through a lens of liquidity and by means of an umu hermeneutic with special at- tention to the inner geography, synaesthetic effects and ethnomusicology. 5 6 Certificate of Authorship I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma
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