EU-SOPAC (EDF9) Project Report 45 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIUE 1ST MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS
Matavai Resort, Tamakautoga, Niue 04th – 14th June 2005
Niue – SOPAC EDF9 multi-stakeholder consultation meeting, 8th of June 2005
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Compilers:
Dr Netatua Prescott and Dr Arthur Webb SOPAC Secretariat September 2005
IMPORTANT NOTICE
This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Community; however, the views expressed herein must never be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Community.
For more copies of this report, apply to the SOPAC Secretariat at the address below:
SOUTH PACIFIC APPLIED GEOSCIENCE COMMISSION c/o SOPAC Secretariat Private Mail Bag GPO, Suva FIJI ISLANDS http://www.sopac.org Phone: +679 338 1377 Fax: +679 337 0040 [email protected]
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 2]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...... 4
PROCEEDINGS OF THE MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION (MSC) ...... 5 Introduction...... 5 Project Overview ...... 5 Project Focal Areas ...... 6 Issues Raised During Presentations ...... 7 Priority Areas and Issues for Niue...... 10 Future Actions ...... 11
ATTACHMENTS
A 1st Niue Multi-Stakeholder Consultation Participants List...... 12
B Schedule of Meetings & Activities ...... 14
C Record of One-on-One Meetings and Site Visits ...... 15
D EDF9/Niue 1st Multi-Stakeholder Consultation Programme ...... 25
E Documents Cited and Reviewed ...... 26
F Terms of Reference for Proposed SOPAC EDF9 – Niue Intern Position...... 30
G EDF9 Presentation Slides ...... 31
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 3]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The SOPAC-EU EDF9 Project has already undertaken activities in Niue, such as the Alofi coast wave impact assessment in response to Cyclone Heta and the purchase and geo-rectification of IKONOS satellite imagery of the whole island (both in early 2004). More recently, the bathymetry survey of Niue was completed in May 2005. Usually, the national multi-stakeholder consultation (MSC) represents the first component of the EDF8/9 Work Programme in each target nation. However, due to the special circumstances and emergency needs of Niue following Cyclone Heta the Project opted to respond in as timely a manner as possible.
This document is a record of the meetings, discussions and site visits and the proceedings of the multi-stakeholders consultation undertaken by the Project team of Dr Netatua Prescott (Sustainable Development Adviser) and Dr Arthur Webb (Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser) during the first EDF9 national multi-stakeholder consultations (from 4th to 14th June). The consultations were undertaken to further identify priority issues in all three EDF focal areas (Hazards & Risk, Water & Sanitation and Aggregates & Coastal Processes). The outcomes of these meetings are intended to guide all parties towards the production of the EDF9 – Niue ‘workplan’ by identifying appropriate activities, tasks and intervention locations.
The additional one-on-one consultations are presented in chronological order and record the meeting locality, names of the participants and issues/comments discussed.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 4]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
PROCEEDINGS OF 1st NIUE/EDF9 MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION (MSC) &
SUMMARY RECORD OF RELATED MEETINGS AND ACTIVITIES
Introduction
The Niue Multi-Stakeholder Consultation Meeting (MSC) was held at Matavai Resort, Tamakautoga, Niue, on Wednesday, 8th June 2005. The opening prayer was offered by Mr Jack Lipitoa. Mr Deve Talagi (Director of Public Works / Acting SOPAC In-Country Representative) introduced the Project Team and thanked the participants (refer to Attachment A) for making time to attend the meeting despite other meetings being held at the same time in Niue. He further commented that participants’ contribution to the project was invaluable at this early stage and throughout and beyond the project life. He specially welcomed and thanked Hon. Minister Fisa Pihigia for his presence despite his busy schedule and invited him to open the meeting.
The Hon. Minister Pihigia welcomed the Project Team and all participants. He highlighted the importance of this form of consultation towards the future development and rebuilding of the island following the impacts of cyclone Heta and reiterated that Niue will always be vulnerable to this form of natural disaster. He also noted that there is a need for proper coordination with SOPAC and other agencies to ensure that Programme responses and activities are in line with Niuean requests and priorities and to avoid duplication of efforts. He looked forward to seeing how Niue would benefit from EDF9 and declared the meeting open.
Dr Arthur Webb (SOPAC EDF9 Coastal Processes & Aggregate Adviser) responded to Hon. Pihigia’s address by thanking him for his presence and for opening the meeting. He stressed that one of the goals of the multi-stakeholder consultation is to ensure that eventual activities in Niue are driven by Niuean stakeholders and that the tasks closely reflect the priorities of the Niue people, ensuring their ownership of the Niue Work Plan. It was also stressed that every identified Niue – EDF9 task will be assessed and reviewed in light of what has previously been done to avoid duplication and that the responsibility to ensure the best possible work task profiles and outcomes, rests with both EDF9 and the Niuean stakeholders.
Arthur went on to introduce the meeting programme (Attachment D).
Project Overview
Dr Netatua Prescott (SOPAC EDF9 Sustainable Development Adviser) introduced the SOPAC- EU EDF9 Project. She acknowledged the presence of Hon. Minister Pihigia and drew attention to the importance of political support and good governance to ensure that the EDF9 Programme is driven by the needs of the people of Niue through a participatory approach representing all levels of the Niue community. She also highlighted that Niue is in some ways ahead of other EDF9 countries as this is not the first time the SOPAC-EU EDF Project has been introduced in Niue. She recalled the SOPAC Annual Session of 2003 where the Project was introduced to Council Members and the Project’s response following Cyclone Heta (assessment of wave impact along the Alofi coast, acquisition of satellite imagery and the recently completed high-resolution multibeam seabed mapping of Niue).
Netatua went on to emphasise complementary links of the SOPAC-EU EDF Project with the three core SOPAC programmes; Community Lifelines, Community Risk and Ocean and Islands. She drew attention to the prior progress of EDF8 and the addition of six countries including Niue in EDF9 and Project staff recruitment; explaining the Project in more detail including the overall
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 5]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Project goal, the 3 focal areas of the Project and in particular, how issues on Niue related to the Project focus areas of:
• Aggregates and Coastal Processes • Water Resources, Supply & Sanitation • Hazard and Risk
Knowledge and information gained in these 3 areas will be fed into a comprehensive ICT system that includes a Geographical Information System (GIS). This ICT system (MapServer) and associated data will ultimately form a decision-making tool that will facilitate Island Systems Management. ISM was explained as an integrated (covering all sectors) management process based on providing the:
• Right information • (at the) Right time • (in the) Right place
There followed a summary whereby the purpose of the multi-stakeholder meeting was explained, encouraging the Niue stakeholders to advise SOPAC EDF9 on the specific areas, priorities and locations where this Project may best focus its efforts.
Netatua also explained the terms of reference of the Niue country intern for the EDF9 Project (TOR – see Attachment F).
The Project introductory presentation is included in Attachment G.
Project Focal Areas
Following the introductory session the three main focal areas of the Project were presented in more detail drawing on issues relevant to Niue.
Water and Sanitation was presented by Dr Arthur Webb. Arthur drew examples of water and sanitation issues from past works in Niue and from preliminary site visits:
• Atoll Groundwater Lens • Groundwater flow in Niue • Agricultural Development – Is there adequate water to irrigate such large farms? • New Niue Hospital – Water supply / Sanitation / Water treatment? • Dump Site Management – What is the management strategy for the dump site? How is water quality affected in this area and does it matter? Still needs management practices to clean the place up properly. • Consider better utilisation of rainwater catchments – negates water quality and power outage issues and will augment current supply. • Outlined where technical advice of the EDF9 Project could assist and the need for capacity building in this sector.
Hazard and Risk was presented by Dr Netatua Prescott. Neta covered the following: • goal of this focal area. • tools used by the Project to assess hazard and risk. • options to treat risks. • EDF9 preliminary findings of the wave impact studies on the Alofi coast after Cyclone Heta and ongoing related activities to assist Niue in rebuilding.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 6]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Aggregate issues and development of this resource was presented by Arthur. He noted that after touring the island and talking to stakeholders, aggregates resources seem to be in abundance in Niue. However, he drew attention to the many aggregate quarries dug all over the islands, some still in use and others not and the need to have an inventory of these sites as well as the consideration of their rehabilitation. In general discussion it was agreed that Niue is not like other small atoll islands where aggregates are in short supply and the need to identify alternate resources was not a priority.
Island Systems Management was presented by Netatua who emphasised the benefits of a holistic and integrated approach to total island management concepts and the importance of viewing the inter-connectivity of land, coastal and ocean systems. She discussed how ISM principles are based on integrating the 3 pillars of sustainable development into resource management or in decision-making processes.
Coastal Processes and Marine Survey were presented by Arthur. Coastal Processes were discussed predominantly from the perspective of nearshore water quality (chemical change), geomorphology and the need to ensure strict guidelines are in place to guide rebuilding of coastal infrastructure and facilities. Marine Survey was briefly introduced and discussed in terms of the work already undertaken.
(The presentation slides are in Attachments G).
Issues Raised During Presentations Comments, questions and discussion were encouraged following each presentation and the participants raised the following issues:
Water and Sanitation:
• There is concern about the water quality, is it tested? and if so how often? “I have a rain water tank and I only drink from that as I am not sure of the tap water.” o Water has been tested every three months by the Health Department. Most tests come out clean. Rainwater is a good alternative. o After Cyclone Heta, the Defence Force from New Zealand tested the water quality and found it to be safe. There is lack of equipment now for water testing but the department continues to monitor and carry out normal tests for the quality of water every three months.
• There are concerns about the ‘bottomless septic tanks’ (i.e. soak-away latrines not septic tanks) and the possibility that they are polluting the groundwater source. o There is a good possibility that they may affect groundwater quality – it would be timely to survey all the facilities on the islands and identify and replace those which are of inadequate design.
• What about dead animals dumped in caves? These decaying animals might be another hazard to our water lenses. Is there a better solution of getting rid of these dead animals? Some areas need to be identified away from the coastal areas for dead animals to reduce health risks. Burial would be the most convenient way. o A designated area at the existing land fill is probably the best way to address this problem and reduce any health risks. There is little chance this would affect the groundwater significantly. o Is incineration/cremation an option?
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 7]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
• There’s an area where Health Waste Management dumps septic wastes. Is this practice safe for the environment and especially for our water lenses? Once there was an area up North where they used to dump these septic wastes. From then on nothing grew on this land and I have put a stop to using this area for dumping of wastes. Is there a Project under SOPAC that can assist with these types of problems? o SOPAC could assess the risk associated with dumping such effluent and could assist in finding funding sources if necessary (assuming such an issue was not addressed by EDF9).
Hazard and Risk
• After Heta should we recommend that all buildings should be in category 3 or 4? o This is a classic example of the need for all the right information to be assessed before recommending that all building should be either category 3 or 4. Such information includes; technological (cyclone path, strength, frequency, existing building codes, enforcement capacity and processes etc), social (where people preferred to build, land ownership, services location and status (schools, hospital, power, water supply, relevant policies etc.) and economic (individual/family income, government economic plans, in-country income generating activities, aid/donors etc) including the need for levels of categories (residential, coastal or inland, tourist facilities, government buildings etc). Having access to this information and assessing and discussing building codes with the people of Niue will provide you with the best answer to that question.
• Alofi needs to employ a town planner or an economist ……. participant expressed her disappointment that there was no one from the Environment Department to answer why EIA is not enforced. Alofi areas have been used as dumping places for hazardous substances with no particular area identified as the Hazardous zone or high-risk area. o When a specific need or specific expertise is linked to a priority task within a focal area of the Project is identified, the Project will aim to fill that need as a component of that activity. This ensures that the implementation of the activity is in line with the principle of ISM (integration of social, ecological and economic considerations). For example, in assessing and developing the aggregate dredging guidelines for Tonga, EIA of the current dredging practices was identified, as a priority in order to recommend sound guidelines and a monitoring programme. An EIA consultant was contracted to carry out that component. The same arrangement could happen here in Niue, dependent on SPREP activities in this sector.
• The EDF 9 wave modelling exercise concentrated on the Alofi coastline. There is a need to assess damages after Heta in the whole eastern coast as well. o The assessment of the eastern coast of Niue could be recommended to be included in the EDF9 Project.
• Is this an ongoing project or a one off? o The EDF9 has a definite timeline. At present it is supposed to be completed by 2007 with a possible extension for one year. Therefore, it is important that communication and responses to Project tasks are ‘active’ between Niue and the Project team in SOPAC.
• Any opinions about burning rubbish as an option rather than burying or dumping at sea? o Small amount of burning of organic material may be all right but composting should be encouraged and promoted given the quality of soil here in Niue. Incinerators can be used, with certain temperatures so as not to emit dangerous compounds to the environment – such incinerators are however expensive to run.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 8]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Aggregates
• Do the local soils cause cables (electrical and telephone) buried underground to deteriorate faster? o We know of no cases where this has occurred – however it is worth bearing in mind that soils and sands in atolls and raised limestone islands tend to be quite alkaline (c.a. pH8.0). It is possible that this is an environmental parameter which your cable suppliers should be aware of and for which they may have a recommendation. Recommend dialog with neighboring atoll nations to hear about their experiences.
Islands Systems Management (ISM)
• Who is responsible (in your experience) for the Island Systems? Is it government or are you going to form a special committee? o EDF9 promotes a participatory and transparent process at all levels of Project intervention in country, thus this multi-stakeholder consultation meeting at the planning phase of the Project in Niue is undertaken to identify priority issues for Niue. We would like to maintain this multi-stakeholder consultation throughout the Project to ensure that all concerns and priorities (government, private sector, community) are considered and ultimately the activities implemented are what the people of Niue are required to contribute to the reduction of vulnerability in the focal areas of the Project. Other countries use steering / co-ordination committees to oversee Project activities and as a means to ensure a consultative approach. This could be an existing committee with wide representation with an added ToR to include the EDF9 project.
• Submission was given to Cabinet to approve the Water Act and Regulations and was rejected. What are the impacts of this failure on what we’re planning for this Project? o There is a possibility of delayed project activities if Cabinet took time to make a decision on the Project. As head of departments you know the national process required to get momentum for this EDF9 Project and move on to the next phase in view of the timeframe of the Project. Perhaps a good briefing of all Cabinet Ministers is the way to go before the Project is put to Cabinet for endorsement. We will also try to see as many Cabinet Ministers as possible during this visit. o It is important to note that priorities identified during this MSC and other one-to- one consultations will be subject to some changes as more information comes to hand and as we go along in this process.
Other general questions
• The process of applying for EU funding is not only very lengthy but requires the satisfaction of many criteria. How long are we going to wait before this Project is implemented on the ground here in Niue? o Although EDF9 is funded from EU, we need not go back to EU with project proposals for each activity. As similar to other regional projects, the funding is already in the region with the Forum Secretariat and SOPAC is the technical agency implementing EDF8&9 Project. As such, the sooner the Niuean stakeholders develop an EDF9 – Niue Work Plan the sooner the Project will start work in Niue.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 9]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Priority areas and issues for Niue
In order to maximize the participation opportunity during the MSC, participants were broken into two working groups (one with Neta one with Arthur) and each working group discussed and identified priority areas from the three focal areas of the Project. The two groups then came together to list and further discuss these priorities.
Cross cutting issues: – Traditional skills should be integrated into resource planning and management. – Economic and environmental assessment of resource development is lacking in Niue. – Public awareness and education is a priority in all the 3 sectors of EDF9.
Water and Sanitation: – sewage/sanitation policy needs to be revisited. – promote rainwater catchments, community water catchments, water conservation strategies including commercial businesses. – water quality testing (monitoring)/source of pollution/contamination capacity should be strengthened. – discarded water bores (current practice – sealed), some are used for irrigation. – Review draft water regulation. – Need for water resource determination (assessment). – Introduction of “User Pay System”. – Environmental Effects of Logging (on the watershed). – Review “Early Warning System”. – Survey of water resource status needed for current domestic & projected use. – Hospital – waste disposal options / water supply. – REEF plant – waste disposal options (effluent and hyper-saline [desalination] disposal). – Overview development/planning process ….Is current legislation strong enough/adequate/appropriate? – Community Awareness – Rubbish, water etc. – Location and management of rubbish dump. – **Bore hole pumps powered by solar energy**(6 or 7 system required) – check with Community Lifelines.
Hazard and Risk: – Assessment of western/eastern? coast (wave) rather than concentration in the Alofi south (consider different cyclone approach angles). – Develop detailed hazard map (esp. Alofi) i.e. road black spots, no build zones – especially useful regarding planning permission, house loan approval, etc. – Develop appropriate policy for development. – Develop hazard zonation map. – GIS training and capacity building. – Earthquake detection equipment / tsunami?? – Building codes (review). – MapInfo training with integrated information / data types for all sectors (Land & Marine). – Tourism resource assessment – map and assess caves (terrestrial and marine) – safety issue for existing cave tours? – Town Planner needed to rationalise the approach to present development and relocation plans.
Aggregates: – Quarry policy and guidelines. – Cost of the aggregates resource. – Assess quality of the aggregates.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 10]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Future actions
The EDF9 Project: It was agreed that, following the meeting, Project Staff would develop this MSC Proceedings document incorporating the issues listed during the MSC meeting and identified during the one- to-one consultations and from existing reports from Niue. This in essence, will form the basis of a draft work plan and may provide a reference to be revisited as the project progresses in Niue.
Niue Stakeholders: As the acting SOPAC Representative (during this MSC Process), the Director of Public Works will seek endorsement of the Project in principle by Cabinet and will communicate the Cabinet decision to SOPAC through the appropriate channels.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 11]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment A – MSC Participants List
Mrs Hatesa Hetutu Mr Hubert Kalauni Secretary Avatele Village Council Senior Surveyor Address: PO Box 155 Address: Department of Justice, Lands & Survey Alofi Fualahi Niue Alofi Phone: (683) 4145 Niue Fax: (683) 4301 Phone: (683) 4030 Email: [email protected] Mr Speedo Hetutu Mr Togia Sioneholo General Manager Niue Power Corporation Secretary to Justice Lands and Survey Address: Niue Power Corporation Address: Department of Justice, Lands & Survey Tuila Fualahi Niue Alofi Phone: (683) 4119 Niue Fax: (683) 4385 Phone: (683) 4125 Email: [email protected] Fax: (683) 4132
Kim Ray Vaha Mr Sionetasi Pulehetoa Statistician Manager Address: Statistics Niue Address: Niue Meteorological Services Premier’s Department PO Box 82 Alofi Alofi Niue Niue Phone: (683) 4219 Phone: (683) 4600 Email: [email protected] Fax: (683) 4602 Email:[email protected] Mr Andre’ Siohane Mr Sean Tukutama Water Supply Manager Meteorological Officer Address: PO Box 38 Address: Niue Meteorological Service Public Works Department PO Box 82 Fonuakula Alofi Alofi Niue Niue Phone: (683) 4601 Phone: (683) 4297 Fax: (683) 4602 Fax: (683) 4223 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Mrs Mapualagi Enote Mr Patrick Lino Surveyor General Manager Address: Department of Justice, Lands & Survey Address: Broadcasting Corporation of Niue Fualahi Fonuakula Alofi Alofi Niue Niue Phone: (683) 4030 Phone: (683) 4026 Email: [email protected] Fax: (683) 4217 Email: [email protected] Mr Crossley Tatui Mrs Lofa Rex Director of External Affairs President of Niue Chamber of Commerce Address: Fale Fono Chairperson of the Alofi South Village Council Alofi Managing Director of Island Hopper Vacation Niue Address: PO Box 184 Phone: (683) 4200 Alofi Fax: (683) Niue Phone: (683) 4162 Fax: (683) 4307 Email: [email protected]
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 12]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Ms Sufane Touna Ms Moira Enetama Payroll and Admin Officer Manager – Taoga Niue (Niue Heritage) Address: PO Box 67 Lakepa Village Council Member Alofi Address: Premier’s Department Niue PO Box 40 Phone: (683) 4018 Alofi Email: [email protected] Niue Phone: (683) 4200 Fax: (683) 4232 Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Mrs Ida Talagi-Hekesi Mrs Mata Okesene Tourism Director Tuapa Village Council Members Address: PO Box 42 Address: Tuapa Alofi Niue Niue Phone: (683) Phone: (683) 4224 Fax: (683) 4225 Email: [email protected] Mr Jack Willie Lipitoa Mr Deve Talagi Legislative Member for Namukulu Village Director of Public Works Address: Namukulu Chairman of the Makefu Village Council Niue Address: PO Box 38 Phone: (683) Alofi Niue Hon. Fisa Pihigia Phone: (683) 4297 (work) or 4407 Minister (home) Address: Fale Fono Fax: (683) 4223 Alofi Email: [email protected] Niue Phone: (683) 4200 Fax: (683)
Dr Arthur Webb Dr Netatua Prescott Aggregate and Coastal Processes Adviser Sustainable Development Adviser SOPAC Secretariat SOPAC Secretariat [email protected] [email protected]
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 13]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Attachment B – NIUE Schedule of meetings and activities:
Friday 3rd June ‘05 5.00 am Arrival in Niue. 1.00 pm Meeting with Mr Deve Talagi – Director of Public Works (Acting SOPAC Rep.). 2.00 pm Meeting with the Premier of Niue – Hon. Vivian Young and Acting Secretary to Cabinet and Head of External Affairs, Mr Crossley Tatui.
Saturday 4th Site tour of the island (Deve Talagi).
Monday 6th Public holiday. Site tour and MSC Presentation preparation.
Tuesday 7th 9.30 am Meeting with Mr Harry Siatanga – Building Inspector, PWD.
10.30 am Meeting with Mr Andre Siohane – Manager of Water Division, PWD.
11.30 am Meeting with Mr Togia Sioneholo – Head of Justice Lands and Survey and Mr Hubert Kalauni – Chief Surveyor, Lands Dept. 2.00 pm Meeting with Ms. Ida Talagi-Hekesi – Director of Tourism.
Wednesday 8th Multi-Stakeholder Consultation Meeting, Matavai Resort.
Thursday 9th 9.00 am Meeting with Mr Sauni Togatule – Director of Environment. and Mr Sione Talagi – Environment Officer. 10.30 am Meeting with the Hon. Fisa Pihigia - Council Chair. 1.00 pm Meeting with Ms Fiafia Rex – Acting Principal Fisheries Officer. 2.30 pm Meeting with Mr Tufohe Kaiuha – Civil Construction Superintendent. 4.30 pm Attend the ProcFISH Project community debriefing.
Friday 10th 8.00 am Meeting with Mr Maru Talagi – USP Annex Director and Founder of NIUANGO. 9.00 am Meeting with Mr Sione Leolahi – IWP Project Manager. Mr Logo Seumanu – IWP Project Assistant. Mr Ron Paulin – IWP Resource Mgt. Adviser. 10.30 am Meeting with Mr Pita Vakaafi – Environmental Health Officer.
2.00 pm Meeting with Mr Sunlou Freddie – Economic Planning & Development Acting Manager.
Saturday 11th Quarry site visits with Mr Tufohe Kaiuha – Engineer / Quarry Manager, PWD.
Monday 13th Depart Niue.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 14]
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Attachment C – Record of One-on-One Meetings and Site Visits
Introduction In addition to the multi-stakeholder meetings, an initial series of courtesy calls and consultations were held with key stakeholders on Niue with officials from the Niue Government, NGO’s and other community members. A number of site visits were also undertaken to gain an overview of the issues particularly regarding water and sanitation, waste disposal and aggregate extraction and supply. This section provides a chronological record of these meetings and visits, the participants and the issues discussed and identified.
1. Director – Public Works Division
Date : 1.00pm; Friday 3rd June, 2005 Location : Director’s Office – PWD (Public Works Division) Site visits around the island: 12.00 noon Saturday 4th June, 2005 Participants:
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Deve Talagi Director of PWD [email protected] Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
Mr Deve Talagi, the Director of Public Works, was for the duration of our visit acting as the primary SOPAC Representative and focal point for the EDF9 activities. After general introductions, we discussed the EDF9 process, introducing project goals and focal areas, overall objectives of the Niue mission and the multi-stakeholder consultation (MSC). It was stressed that stakeholder representation must be as wide as possible and a draft list of attendees was formulated to allow Deve to send out invitations. Deve went on to give us some additional comments and advice regarding the proposed EDF9 intervention and these appear below. • Niue welcomed and acknowledged the completion of the Multibeam Seafloor Survey of Niue Island. He also mentioned (in passing) the “unseemly” behaviour of crew members from the vessel chartered for this survey but trusted this would not be a reflection of the SOPAC EDF9 Project as a whole. • He indicated the need for coordination among key government sectors and to include the private sector and community. EDF9 must seek to strengthen and use these relationships to promote and ensure that priorities identified for EDF9 are not driven by a single agency. • Although in his view water supply in Niue has been very reliable and quality has generally remained good, it is still a major concern with regards to vulnerability during dry spells and contamination. Sanitation issues especially with regard to old septic tanks (soak-away pit toilets) built prior to the Building Code of Practice, many are still in use today and this issue requires assessment. • Commented that aggregate supply has never been an issue on Niue. The source and supply of crushed limestone (uplifted coral reef), road base (poorly cemented, uplifted lagoon rubble and sediments “makasia”), sand (fairly well sorted uplifted lagoon sands) and top soil (a mixture of organic matter enriched coralline sands [black] and lateritic volcanic ash derived soils [red]) are all in plentiful supply and that quality for local applications was adequate.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 15]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
• Beach aggregate mining has occurred in the past, however this activity has now ceased since PWD has a well organised supply and transport system.
• It is proposed to build new Government offices following the destruction of the former office (cyclone Heta) and Mr Talagi indicated that this would be an ideal location for the EDF9 map server.
• Mr Talagi indicated that decision making processes within Government desperately require review. His view is that there is a lack of coordination and consensus between all parties regarding many policy and (re) development issues (particularly with regard to reconstruction after Heta).
• Mr Talagi enquired about SOPAC’s involvement in the alternative energy (wind turbine) proposal for Niue and asked if any progress had been made on this “long outstanding” issue.
• Mr Talagi also indicated that his department has GIS capacity but sees a great need to extend and enhance this capacity as a resource management tool.
2. Building Inspector – Public Works Division
Date : 9:30am; Tuesday 7th June, 2005 Location : Public Works Office Participants:
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Harry Siataga Building Inspector [email protected] Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
Mr Siataga indicated that his responsibilities included the production and inspection / approval of building design (domestic and otherwise) on Niue. Their Department has a responsibility to inspect buildings and ensure that local building codes (based mainly on NZ codes) are followed in regards to construction specifications, waste facilities, etc.
• Mr Siataga indicated that there is a current trend to build on the upper terraces since the destruction of coastal homes during cyclone Heta. This is also inline with recent zoning recommendations to limit development on the western coastal fringe following Heta’s impact. Legislation to enforce the coastal zone buffer is being considered by cabinet.
• Mr Siataga has concerns with the upper terrace development as present land use legislation allows almost unrestricted building activity and site selection. Water supply reserve zones (bores) presently only specify that any development should be at least 100m from an active bore. However, all buildings must have an approved septic tank.
• Mr Siataga indicated that improved planning guidelines are needed to prevent water lens contamination. o Review septic tank performance and maintenance. o Rainwater catchments should be compulsory for all new buildings. o Better zoning based on research for bore reserve buffers. o Zoning to protect forest areas and other important habitats.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 16]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
3. Water Division – Public Works Division
Date : 10:30am; Tuesday 7th June, 2005 Location : Public Works Office
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Andre Siohane Manager – Water Division [email protected] Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
Initially Mr Siohane gave an overview of the Water Division’s responsibilities. The Division is responsible for all aspects of the extraction of groundwater, it’s delivery to reservoir tanks and it’s consequential reticulation to village households. Water is not filtered or treated in any way (testament to it’s present quality) and is supplied to essentially every dwelling in Niue free of charge. A system of bores supply independent village water supplies and there has never been a water shortage issue related to over extraction or salinity. The Division is not responsible for water quality/bacterial testing but does issue alerts if the testing authority (independently undertaken by the Health Dept.) indicates there is a contamination issue (water quality guidelines and reserve protection strategies are contained in the Water Reserves Act). The Division is also not responsible for wastewater/sewage disposal but has some responsibility to inspect and ensure septic tanks meet specification (PWD prefabricates septic tanks for use in new buildings). A single case of high faecal colliform counts was identified in late 1980’s and was attributed to pig pens approximately 1 km from the supply bore (this has obvious implications for the present 100 m reserve buffer).
• A UNESCO proposal to drill an additional 15 bores is expected to be undertaken during 2005. These bores are to increase water supply capacity for domestic and agricultural purposes and also for monitoring and resource estimation purposes. SOPAC’s Water Section has an ongoing commitment of involvement in this project with regard to water quality testing and resource assessment.
• Mr Siohane has grave concerns regarding the current capacity of the Health Division to undertake comprehensive, regular water quality testing and indicates this is a priority concern even though it is not his direct responsibility (no test results have been forwarded to the Water Division for approximately 2 years and he can only assume that testing is undertaken and the supply is safe).
• Mr Siohane indicated that once septic tanks are installed there is no compulsory requirement to empty or maintain these facilities and feels this is an area requiring review. He shares concerns about the trend for development away from the coastal zone and the potential threat to the water lens through contamination.
• He had additional concerns regarding the infiltration of nutrient enriched/contaminated groundwater (particularly along the Alofi coast) into the near shore coastal environment and the possible impacts on reef ecology.
• Mr Siohane indicated that water supply was disrupted for several days following cyclone Heta (due to power failure to the bore pumps). He feels there is a great need for household and community rainwater catchments to be rehabilitated/established and commented that home catchments should be a compulsory component of gaining building approval. This would serve as an alternative supply during disaster (and extended power cuts) and would also address consumer issues regarding the hardness of the bore water for consumption purposes.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 17]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
4 . Department of Justice, Lands and Survey
Date : 11:30am; Tuesday 7th June, 2005 Location : Justice, Lands and Survey Department Office Participants :
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Togia Sioneholo Secretary of Justice/Head of Department Fax: 4231 Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
The Department of Justice, Lands and Survey also incorporates the county’s sole GIS unit (Lands and Survey) and personnel have historically received training from SOPAC in the use and production of GIS layers using MapInfo as a platform. In view of the existing capacity there is good reason to consider the Department for the location of the EDF9 Map Server facility however, the need for increased GIS capacity was stressed by many departments. Mr Hubert Paoauni and Ms Mapualagi Enote of the GIS section were also visited and both expressed a great need for the map server facility and GIS capacity building on a national level.
• Mr Togia indicated his enthusiasm for the EDF9 map server facility and concept and stated that the present lack of a centralised (digital) database greatly hampered coordinated planning and development on Niue. He also strongly recommended GIS training be undertaken by both his and all other relevant departments.
• Mr Togia indicated that he has previously expressed the need for a detailed map of the western coastline indicating specific areas (household block scale) of sites impacted by cyclonic wind and waves. This in his view is desperately needed to guide the rebuilding process and design future hazard response plans (e.g. road “black spots” and diversions, coastal development, etc.). He also stated that difficulties had been experienced with regard to reconstruction financing as some areas remained relatively un-impacted by Heta (and previous cyclones) while others were vulnerable however, financing could not be obtained for any coastal development. He indicates there is evidence that the pattern of cyclone damage was more complicated than a simple continuous coastal buffer and feels that the private and commercial (tourism) advantage of coastal amenities would be unnecessarily lost to all by the present “blanket” approach indicated by existing SOPAC assessments. A detailed map based on past experience and geomorphological analysis of the coastline would allow appropriate redevelopment of the coast.
• Mr Togia has concerns about the relocation of homes to the upper terraces due to the perceived vulnerability of the water lens. Since access roads, water and electrical supply lines are an integral component of developing a bore site, these areas become preferred settlement locations due to the ease of access to these facilities (and therefore lower connection cost). There is no legislation protecting the water lens (or other important resources – coastal habitat, forest, etc.) and PWD’s lease rights at each bore site only extend a few 10’s of meters. He would like to see a study of the potential impact of settlement on the upper terrace and mitigating measures implemented as soon as possible.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 18]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
5 . Tourism Department
Date : 2.00pm; Tuesday 7th June, 2005 Location : Tourism Office – Commercial Centre Participants :
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Ms Ida Talagi-Hekesi Director of Tourism Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
• Ms Talagi reiterated her request (already sent to the SOPAC Secretariat) concerning the safety of limestone caves on the Niue coastline following cyclone Heta. These caves are a significant tourist attraction and tourism is seen as a priority development area for Niue. However, this issue is not within SOPAC’s expertise. Mr Booth responded to Ida by email on 24th May 2005 regarding this issue and advised her to contact GNS (NZ) for guidance.
• In view of the Country’s tourism aspirations Ms Talagi indicated the need to identify and assess caves and other features of interest over the whole island and requested the Project undertake a survey and assessment of these features to allow the Tourism Department to better develop tourist “products”.
• Ms Talagi sees eco-tourism related activities as the main direction of Niue’s tourism drive and views the Island nation’s comparatively pristine resources (marine and terrestrial habitats, freshwater reserves, clean air, etc) as important selling features. To this end she expressed similar concerns regarding the protection of the water resource as other stakeholders and feels that better planning and legislation of development on the upper terraces is in great need.
6. Environment Division
Date : 9.00am; Thursday 9th June, 2005 Location : Director of Environment’s Office Participants : Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Sauni Togatule Director of Environment [email protected] Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
As a general comment Mr Sauni explained that the Environment Act has only recently been approved and is only an “umbrella act” and does not yet have provision to enforce environmental policy or practices. For example, EIA’s can be requested during a development proposal but it remains at the Minister’s discretion to pursue the completion of an EIA or to enforce the recommendations contained in any EIA.
• Mr Sauni considers water and sanitation to be major issues requiring EDF9 intervention. He indicated that many existing septic tank systems are in fact soak-away or open-pit systems and the assessment, monitoring and legislation regarding sewage management requires overhauling. Mr Sauni indicated that new houses are required to have septic
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 19]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
tanks however the performance / efficiency of these is unknown and monitoring and emptying of tanks is not enforced.
• A better understanding of the water resource is also needed and Mr Sauni cited plans to irrigate crop lands with bore water as risky without a sound understanding of the water resource capacity. It should also be noted that irrigation could enhance the movement of contaminants from the surface into the water lens.
• Mr Sauni also felt there was a need to strengthen Emergency Response Plans not just for weather events but also for issues such as drought related crop failure, development of a response plan to invasive species and diseases e.g. Taro Leaf Blight.
• Mr Sauni would like to increase his department’s capacity to undertake habitat mapping using remote sensing techniques. Particularly with application to monitoring post-cyclone recovery of marine and terrestrial habitats.
• Mr Sauni has concerns regarding diffuse source inputs of nutrients and other contaminants into the nearshore coastal environment particularly in the Alofi coastal area via groundwater contamination. He indicated that ciguatera poisoning cases and algal blooms have been recorded on this coast and he would like to see these issues addressed.
• Mr Sauni raised the issue of a planned aquaculture development by the Niue Fish Processing Company (REEF) to undertake freshwater shrimp production on the present Noni farm site, Vaiea. He has been approached by Government to undertake an EIA of this planned activity but lacks policy and capacity to undertake such a task. He has obvious concerns regarding the water resources necessary to run such a venture and the potential for contamination of the water lens in this area.
7. Hon. Minister Mr Fisa Pihigia (Health, Community Affairs, Village Councils, Religious Affairs, Youth & Sports, Meteorological Services, Climate Change, NGO’s, Power & Energy, Bulk Fuel, Disaster Management)
Date : 10.30am; Thursday 9th June, 2005 Location : Fale Fono (Government House) Participants:
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Fisa Pihigia Minister (see areas of responsibility above) Fax: 683 4206 Mr Deve Talagi Director of PWD [email protected] Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
• Mr Pihigia indicated that waste disposal (solid and liquid) and protection of the groundwater resource were primary issues of concern at present. Sewage and solid waste disposal facilities are desperately required and he expressed a strong need for a sewage treatment facility on Niue.
• Mr Pihigia was aware of the UNESCO funded project to sink an additional 15 bores and reiterated his desire that resource estimation and water quality would be integral components of this activity. He also indicated that at present water quality testing equipment, facilities and capacity was inadequate for monitoring purposes.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 20]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
8. Fisheries Department
Date : 10.30am; Thursday 9th June, 2005 Location : Fale Fono (Government House) Participants:
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Ms Fiafia Rex Acting Principal Fisheries Officer [email protected] Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
• Again Ms Rex indicated much public concern about groundwater contamination in the Alofi area and subsequent leaching into the marine environment and the ecological implications of this. She was also aware that the Heath Deprtment was responsible for groundwater testing but could not address coastal water quality issues and she explained that past ciguatera and algal outbreaks have been linked with elevated levels of nutrients from groundwater.
• Two Marine Protected Areas are currently present in Niue one being a traditionally managed no take zone. Ms Rex indicated a need for increased GIS capacity to identify and map marine habitats to assist in management of the nearshore resources.
9. Niue Fish Processing Ltd (REEF)
Date : 3.00pm; Thursday 9th June, 2005 Location : REEF Processing Plant
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Eddie Watts Plant Director Fax: 4614 Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
Mr Watts kindly consented to giving the team a tour of the facility and discussed their water, energy and waste management strategies.
When in full production the facility produces approximately 10 000L of wastewater/week which is captured in underground onsite tanks. This effluent is screened to remove solids and transported to the upper traces for use to irrigate a large “Noni” (Morinda citrifolia) farm (also a REEF business interest).
Solid wastes are currently minced and are also spread over the Noni farm however REEF has plans to utilise these in fish-meal products. Alternative uses such as prawn farming (using the meal to feed the prawns) is also being considered.
All water for the operation is produced via a desalination plant capable of producing over 24 000L / day. Excess water from this plant is currently being sold to a neighboring concrete batch plant. Electricity is also generated on site.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 21]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
10. NIANGO (Niue Association of Non Government Organisations) / USP Annex Director
Date : 8.00am; Friday, 10th June, 2005 Location: USP Annex Participants:
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Maru Talagi NIANGO Adviser/USP Centre Director [email protected] Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
• NIANGO was formed in 1999 from 14 separate NGO’s. Mr Talagi indicated that water supply, quality and catchment protection were primary issues of concern to all parties involved in NIANGO. He indicated that previous community rainwater catchments were successful however these became rundown and unserviceable when reticulated bore water was supplied. Now the reticulated system cannot meet demand and there are concerns about the quality of the water. However, the former catchments no longer offer an alternative. He also believes that these catchments offered a “safety net” during disasters to supply water when the reticulated system inevitably fails. In essence, Mr Talagi would like to see assistance to ensure a safe and reliable supply of water including assistance to protect the existing groundwater resource.
• Mr Talagi also felt that assistance was required with regard to disaster management response and contingency plans.
o Fire-fighting capacity is inadequate for bush fires which may threaten villages and farms. o Great need for village-level involvement in such management plans – presently lacking. o As discussed, emergency supplies of water and power are needed following cyclone-related disruptions. o Emergency shelter needs to be designated and fitted with adequate facilities. o Feels that weather early warning systems are inadequate. During Heta people knew a cyclone was coming but nobody understood the severity of the storm and were consequently not properly prepared.
11. IWP (International Waters Project)
Date : 8.00am; Friday, 10th June, 2005 Location: IWP Office (PWD compound) Participants:
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Sione Leolahi National Coordinator – IWP [email protected] Mr Logo Seumanu Project Assistant – IWP [email protected] Mr Ron Paulin Resource Management Adviser – IWP [email protected] Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 22]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Comments & issues raised
• Importantly the opinions and experience of the IWP team closely match those of the majority of stakeholders regarding the issue of water supply, quality and catchment protection in Niue. They are under great pressure to provide assurance of water quality to the public but lack the tools and capacity to do so and indicate the Health Department (who are presently responsible for water testing) cannot meet these demands either.
• IWP understands that the proactive protection and management of the groundwater resource is the best way to address many of these issues but achieving these outcomes is hampered by weak or non-existent policy and legislation regarding lens protection. As such, they indicate that there is a great need to rationalize and review policy for the protection of the groundwater resource. They also indicate that community awareness and participation in this process is vital for it to be successful.
• IWP also wish to increase local capacity HOW?? with regard to the assessment of nearshore water quality (ecological maintenance). IWP shares concerns about the possibility of groundwater nutrients entering shoreline waters and affecting coastal ecology but they lack the capacity to address these issues.
12. Environmental Health Office (Ministry of Health)
Date : 11.30am; Friday, 10th June, 2005 Location: Temporary Hospital Compound Participants:
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Pita Vakaafi Environmental Heath Officer Dr Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser – EDF9 [email protected] Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
The Environmental Health Office undertakes a broad responsibility in areas pertaining to solid and liquid waste management, water testing, inspection of domestic waste systems and food outlet health and safety. They are overwhelmed by the breadth and extent of this workload and simply can not respond adequately.
• Presently the Department does not have a laboratory and no water testing has been undertaken by the Department since the destruction of the hospital during Heta. The Dept. has a working Hach spectrophotometer and a laboratory facility is planned at the new hospital compound. Mr Vakaafi indicated that even if these facilities were available he is doubtful if he could undertake regular water testing since their workload is so great.
• He echoed similar concerns as other stakeholders regarding groundwater protection and indicates that herbicide, pesticide and fertiliser use has increased in agricultural areas. His Department is responsible for emptying septic tanks and he estimates approximately 500 L/week is dumped into a soak-away area (at the western end of the airstrip) which has been in use for some 10 years. He would like a better understanding of the possible impacts of the soak away on the groundwater resource.
• Mr Vakaafi is trained in solid waste management practices but indicates that in reality the PWD controls the use of all heavy machinery. He feels there is a need to undertake improved management practices at the current waste management site.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 23]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
13. Aggregate Quarries (PWD – Civil Engineering Superintendent)
Date : 9:00am; Saturday, 12th June, 2005 Location: Half day field trip to quarry sites Participants:
Name Position (Affiliation) Email Mr Tufohe Kaiuha Civil Engineer Superintendent Fax: 4297 / 4093 Dr Arthur Webb Coastal Processes & Aggregates Adviser – EDF9 [email protected]
Comments & issues raised
Overall Mr Kaiuha indicates that the supply and quality of sand, aggregate and topsoil in Niue is adequate for all local needs. Most of their resource areas are situated in the southwestern districts of the island as this has been found to have the best sand resources and is physically close to the main center of Alofi and other facilities (airport, wharfs, etc.). Land ownership issues are the main limiting factor to gaining access to these resources but this is simply a matter of negotiation. Niue has experimented with exporting crushed limestone to Samoa (in the early 90’s) but this was uneconomic and they have not pursued this activity further.
Mr Kaiuha showed me numerous satellite quarries (used and disused) around the island and agreed it would be valuable to have these identified and mapped on a GIS system to better keep track of the quality and quantity of materials taken as well as ownership information.
PWD is conscious of the propensity for disused sand pits to be used for uncontrolled rubbish dumping and has undertaken moves to rehabilitate some of these sites by dumping green organic wastes and topsoil in some of these pits. Where undertaken, this has been very successful and some larger quarry sites have now been reestablished with a top soil layer and are largely re-vegetated.
Additionally, Mr Kaiuha indicated he shared the same concerns about water quality and groundwater protection as other stakeholders. He also feels that assistance to map and develop better protection policies for areas like the Huvalu Forest area will not only protect tourism interests, but will also be an integral way of protecting the underlying groundwater resource.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 24]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Attachment D – EDF9/Niue 1st MSC Programme:
SOPAC-EU EDF 9 PROJECT NIUE 1ST MULTI STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION MEETING PROGRAMME
Wednesday 8th 2005
Prayer – 9.00am Mr Jack Lipitoa
Welcome and Introduction: Mr Deve Talagi
Opening Address Hon. Fisa Pihigia (Cabinet Minister)
SOPAC-EU EDF9 Project Introduction Dr Netatua Prescott
Water and Sanitation Dr Arthur Webb
Hazard and Risk Netatua
MORNING TEA
Aggregates Arthur
Island System Management Netatua
Coastal Processes and Marine Survey Arthur
DISCUSSIONS AND WORKING GROUPS
Close
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 25]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Attachment E – Documents cited and reviewed:
(1) AC Consulting Group Ltd (2004) Cyclone Heta Recovery Project – Initial Report, Government of Niue and Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, NZAID
• A Niue Foou Taskforce (NFTF) formed to implement cyclone Heta Recovery Plan (Cyclone Heta Recovery Committee disbanded) • Report directly to Cabinet • Utilities subcommittee (private sector and hospital steering committee) report to the NFTF • There is a building code, but there are not the available skills and resources to enforce the building code. The building code is also in need of a review. • There is no loadings code adopted for structures in Niue, particularly with respect to wind loading of structures. There is no structural checking of buildings and other structures in the building consent process. There are not the skills or resources to undertake such checking.
• There is no town planning Structure Plan for Niue. Such a plan is essential for forward planning of the nation. This is important long term structural planning issues such as: – location of the hospital. – location of the library, cultural centre and archives. – an overall plan for construction of roading and other utilities. – definition of ‘no-build’ zones for permanent structures. – location of govt. departments – NOTE the recovery plan requires that a ‘public sector reform study for amalgamation/centralisation of Government Functions’ be undertaken. This should be carried out in conjunction with the structure plan. – commercial development. – tourism accommodation/location of services.
• Review of the Building Consent Process –
The building consent process on Niue is ineffective.
In the haste to reconstruct post Heta, the building consent process appears to have been waived for all structures. These include: – new broadcasting masts (40 m and 76 m high) – 20 Tahitian houses – 20 Government houses – the Industrial Park – Vaiae Farm Buildings – Re-roofing of houses
A review of the Building Code should cover such issues as the use of appropriate building materials. As an example, the re-roofing of houses has been carried out using colorsteel endure. We would recommend colorsteel Maxx instead of colorsteel endure, also stainless steel tie down straps should be used.
Investment in structures that have not undergone structural and building consent checking may prove costly in the future.
Planning checks, structural checking and utilities checks as well as site observations to confirm construction.
Niue Power after the cyclone was dealing with 10 times the normal number of faults as well as trying to connect up new buildings. Currently a major restriction to availability is the capacity of the plant. The Niue Foou Taskforce supports the Minister of Public Works in his
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 26]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
bid to procure the necessary plant as a matter of priority. A further bottleneck is specifically concerned with the Crusher Conveyor, Rock Breaker Hammer and the Ditch Witch.
Recommendation to conduct a review of power reticulation and power sector.
Australian International Development Assistance Bureau (1990) National Building CODE for Niue
Covers performance requirements and deemed-to-satisfy provisions including the following (relevant to the focal areas of EDF9):
Dwelling and Outbuildings – fire resistance – access and egress – electricity
Health and Amenity – damp and weatherproofing – cooking and sanitary facilities – room sizes and heights – light and ventilations – water supply plumbing – sanitary plumbing and drainage – roof drainage
Public Building and Group Dwelling
Public Works reported through the consultation that they do not have the capacity to implement the Code of Practice
EDF9 Recommendation:
(i) Review the Niue Building Code taking into consideration lessons learned from Heta, i.e. a category 5 cyclone, including issues experienced in the rebuilding as discussed above.
(ii) Review the existing capacity to effectively enforce the Code and identify capacity and training needs.
(2) Butler D.J. (2002) National Assessment of the Environmental Concerns in Niue and Niue’s Preparations for the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg (WSSD), Nelson, New Zealand. (3) IWP – Niue (2003) Participatory Situation Analysis: Summary report of village consultation in Niue, IWP Nieu (Draft)
UNCED Report 1991 – silting of reefs especially in Alofi area (? – no surface runoff – AW) – abandoned rainwater catchments system leading to dependence on freshwater lens – presence of faecal coliforms in some boreholes – from piggeries and septic tank – possible contamination by herbicide (Paraquat) – risk of saltwater contamination of groundwater through over-pumping – uncertainty of safe extraction rates – local high levels of radioactivity – waste and sewage disposal inadequate
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 27]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
UNDESD (1992) – (A draft 5-year Water Development Plan) – inadequate pressure for end users – inadequate supply for agriculture, industry and tourism – existing boreholes close to dwellings - threat of contamination by coliform bacteria – inefficient water reticulation system due to lack of trained personnel to plan, design, operate and maintain the system – excessive loss of water due to leakage and wastage
SOE 1993 – possible over-pumping of groundwater resource leading to saltwater intrusion – pollution of water resource – faecal coliforms, herbicides, fertiliser – disposal of hospital waste – chemical and hazardous waste – agricultural chemical, batteries, waste oil
NEMS 1994 – Land-based activities causing pollution in coastal waters – waste and sewage disposal systems inadequate
CBEMP 1998 – threats to inshore reef ecology – waste and sewage disposal systems inadequate – training in water quality management – water resources protection policy – water quality monitoring – modelling for sustainable catchments yields – integrating water quality management into resource development – need to improve waste storage and management with emphasis on household sanitation – investigate use of waste products to reclaim mining sites, maketea pits
NBSAP 2001 – Vulnerability of freshwater lens to pollution from agricultural and industrial chemicals and domestic waste and sewage – Need regulations to complement and ensure maximum protection of the water supply as a matter of urgency – The Water Supply Division of PWD and Health Department should work together to promote public awareness of ways to conserve and maintain water quality. – Set up a rigorous programme of water monitoring to test for chemical or bacteriological contamination or radioactivity, as required by the law and current W.H.O standards – Re-establish the village rainwater tanks as a back-up supply and as a precautionary measure in case of pollution of the ground lens – Undertake research to determine possible impacts on the underwater environment (or do you mean groundwater???) from sea-level rise due to global warming and other causes – Raise people’s awareness of the appropriate legislation governing water supply systems – Consider impacts on the underground water supply of any planned industrial developments, both the amount to be used and possible pollution effects – Investigate the feasibility of a treatment plant to treat human waste – Make more use of a centralised rubbish-dumping site and continue improvements in its management – Establish a system to ensure proper disposal of rubbish in the village sites – Obtain an appropriate incinerator for the disposal of hospital and other toxic wastes
Government Consultation 2001 – Lack of model for groundwater lens – Lack of testing of chemical residues – Disuse of home roof-water catchments – Pollution from septic tank outflows
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 28]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
– Equipment to be obtained for testing of chemical residues – Model for groundwater lens to be completed – Roof water catchments on houses be reinstated – Coastal – sited rubbish dump may leach into the sea
Water Development and Projects – Water Supply Act 1996 – Water Resources Assessment 1992 (UNDP funded) – Water bores and meters projects 1992/03 (FFA funded) – Rainwater catchments project 1995 (AIDAB funded) – PACTAF Water Supply Project (AusAID funded) – Ongoing community awareness programme under Water Supply Project
UNFCCC National Communication 2000 – Encourage use of village rain catchment systems – Encourage use of ‘grey water’ for secondary household uses
Civil Society 2001 – Lack of accurate data on the safety of the water lens, a survey be conducted to identify effects of development, and to address, if necessary, ways of improving the quality of freshwater – Water quality tests to be carried out – Need to improve waste storage and management with emphasis on household sanitation – Septic wastes not treated – Not all asbestos removed from buildings
EDF 9 Summary and Recommendations:
It was useful to review relevant recommendations and issues identified in National documents in Niue. As expected, ‘Aggregates Development and Management’ was not listed as a priority issue, however, it was highlighted by the CBEMP (1998) the need to consider options for reclaiming (rehabilitation) of the old quarry sites no longer in use.
A lot of issues and recommendations have been identified for water and sanitation and this was similarly reflected during the present EDF 9 consultation process. There are numerous existing studies pertaining to the water sector in Niue and it is recommended that these studies be reviewed with a view to identifying what priorities are still relevant and where the technical and capacity building gaps are which EDF9 may fill (in view of the present EDF 9 consultation, political/government priorities and policy require close attention). This should provide the basis for developing the water and sanitation sector work plan for EDF 9. Other existing and proposed projects for the water sector should also be assessed in view to what EDF 9 can effectively implement.
Public and community awareness and education was highlighted throughout various national reports (as above) as a priority, this was also the case during the EDF 9 consultation and should be reflected in the final EDF 9 task plan for Niue.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 29]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Attachment F – Terms of Reference for Proposed SOPAC EDF9 – Niue Country Intern Position
Country Intern
The Niue Country Intern will be responsible to the Project Leader for ensuring the transmission of Project philosophy and sustainability ideals to schools, local educational establishments, village- level communities and other stakeholders.
Officer Duties
The duties of the post shall include, but not be restricted to, the following principal activities:-
• Co-ordination of national activities in Niue for the SOPAC/EU Project “Reducing Vulnerability in Pacific ACP States”, with the SOPAC Secretariat in Suva. • Establish and implement public awareness activities related to the Project in Niue. • Organise and implement community workshops. • Prepare information documentation for use in schools and the community generally to ensure the Project information resources are accessible to and used by the community. • Liaise with national advocacy personnel and provide briefing as required. • Organise national stakeholder meetings between all government, non-government and private sector stakeholders. • Work at the SOPAC Secretariat from time to time to develop personal capacity and optimise preparation of materials to facilitate the duties of the position. • Maintain the MapServer within country • Undertake other duties appropriate to skills and qualifications, as required by the Niue National Representative to SOPAC in coordination with the Project Leader.
Skills Required
• Degree in Environmental or Earth Sciences. • IT skills in Microsoft Office applications. • Good literacy skills in English and Niuean. • Good inter-personnel skills. • Experience with community awareness programmes.
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 30]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Attachment G – EDF9 Presentation Slides
Project Introduction
Project Goal
SOPAC-EU EDF9 PROJECT Reducing Vulnerability in the Pacific ACP States through REDUCING Integrated Planning and VULNERABILITY IN Management (Island Systems PACIFIC ACP STATES Management, ISM) at the Sectoral level, especially in the sectors impacting on hazards, aggregates Dr. Netatua Prescott Sustainable Development Adviser EDF9 and water resources ([email protected])
Slide 1 Slide 2
Problems Address by the Project Strategies for Reducing Vulnerability on the 3 Focal Areas of EDF9 Project • Unavailability of accurate and timely data
• capacity building • Weak human resource base • Identification of alternative sources of aggregates • Limited resources (money and infrastructure) • Planning of safe and adequate water supplies and sanitation systems • Lack of appropriate: • Development of comprehensive hazard and ¾ management plans risk management tools ¾ Policies and regulatory frameworks to enable • Provision of database and management tools sustainable development in theses three for ISM focal areas
Slide 3 Slide 4
Project Background EDF8 & EDF 9 Countries
• Funded by the European Union and implemented through SOPAC • 3 focal areas of interest – AggAggregegatates & Coastal Processes – HaHazards & Risk Assessmmeentnt – Watteer & Sanitation • Must ultimately assist the population at large • Must be useful – not reside on shelf • Emphasis on the use of Geographic Information Systems and Information Technology
Slide 5 Slide 6
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 31]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Review of EDF 8 Project Staff hired under EDF 8
• Project staff appointed from early 2003 Seven Specialist Staff • Aggregates Geologist • At least 2 Multi-Stakeholder Consultations • ICT Specialist completed in all 8 countries • Physical Oceanographer • Remote Sensing & GIS Specialist • Resource Economist ** • Project intervention areas agreed • Risk Assessment Specialist • Water Resources Specialist (Team Leader)
• Country Work Plans drafted Three Support Staff
• Project Assistant ** • Key implementation activities underway • Technical Officer • Administration Officer **Vacant
Slide 7 Slide 8
EDF 9 Status of EDF9 Implementation
Palau – 1st Multi-stakeholder Consultation (Nov 04) • Extension of EDF 8 Project FSM – 1st MSC (Dec 2004) • April ’04 – Sept ’07 RMI – 1st MSC (Dec 04) • Contribution Agreement of 2.6Million Euros • Additional 6 ACP States NIUE - SOPAC Annual Session (2003) - Response to Heta (Wave Impacts Modelling, 04 (on-going)) • 4 new staff (Adviser) positions - Marine Survey (Bathymetry) - Coastal Processes and Aggregates completed (May, 05) - Hazard Assessment -1st MSC (Jun o5) - Sustainable Development • Cook Islands, Nauru yet to be consulted - Water Resources Supply & Sanitation* (*Vacant) • All EDF Project Staff are working in both EDF 8 & 9 Countries
Slide 9 Slide 10
Tools Expected EDF Project Outputs
• Multi-beam survey offshore to 3500m • MapServer - Maps, Databases, GIS • Multibeam survey nearshore – lagoons, • Risk assessments & Hazard Zonation(s) major rivers and estuaries Maps and Technical Reports • Satellite imagery interpretations– • Resource Surveys (IKONOS & others) • Planning guidelines • Hazards and risk assessment– cyclones, • Policy recommendations landslides, earthquakes, tsunami, flooding, coastal erosion processes • Relevant institutional strengthening through integrated and coordinated • Resource survey and assessment – approaches and mechanisms aggregates, water • Management Plans • Institutional and policy analysis • Training & Capacity Building
Slide 11 Slide 12
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 32]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
SOPAC-EU EDF 8 & 9 Beneficiaries of EDF Project/How Implementation Philosophy
• Government – • Improved decisions and plans “All information has potential value, decision makers, for development (town, planners, infrastructure construction, but that value can only be realised if the administrators, building, water, sewage etc.) researchers/scientist, information is used” schools • Improved policy • Identify capacity needs The right type • Private Sector – • Resource availability and The right place developers, industry, reliability, permit/license investors requirements The right time • Better roads, improved • Community - all access to resources, levels conservation strategies, Through sound, scientific and participatory improved awareness processes integrating economic, social, • Regional and • Information available international political and eco-geophysical sectors (ISM) of community • Donor more responsive to needs the project intervention area. • Donors •Demonstrate capacity and commitments
Slide 13 Slide 14
Objectives of this Meeting Next Step
• Introduce the Project to Niue stakeholders • National process of approving the project with • Consult with Niue stakeholders and “priority areas” preliminary identify priority areas in the 3 • Official communication Niue-SOPAC on ‘‘endorsement/approval’’ of the EDF 9 project with focal areas of the Project a preliminary list of priority activities • Initiate stakeholders’ dialog on priority areas • Map Server Location for Niue in the 3 focal areas of the Project (MSCM) • Start to develop a Niue Workplan by identifying key activities/tasks
Slide 15 Slide 16
Country Intern TOR Country Intern Recruitment Process • Co-ordination of national activities for the SOPAC/EU Project with the SOPAC • In-country job advertisement Secretariat • Transparent interview process • Organise national workshops between all government and non-government • Recruitment recommendation in a stakeholders short report back to SOPAC • Organise and implement public • Contract appointment direct with awareness activities and implement SOPAC community workshops • Maintain MapServer within country • Prepare information documentation for use in schools and the community
Slide 17 Slide 18
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 33]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Project GOAL Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States through Integrated Planning and Management (Island Systems Management) at the Sectoral Level (Hazards & Risks, Water and Sanitation, Aggregates and Coastal Processes)
Slide 19
Water & Sanitation
WATER RESOURCES SOSOPAC/EUPAC/EU EEDFDF99 WATER RESOURCES TeTecchnihnical advice and capacitity building in:- ReducinReducing VulnerabiliVulnerability in the PacificPacific ACP States • HyHydroldrologicall monimonitorriing aandnd rresesource asassseessmssmeentnt Water Resources • AAppproppropririatate reressouource abstractionon Water Resources techniqutechniqueses forfor rainwrainwater, surface anndd Supply & Sanitation grogrouundnd watwateer resresoourceurces By Dr. AArthurthurr Webbebb • Inteteggratrated andand suststaiainnablable mannagagement andand protecprotectitioonn ofof watwateer resresouourcesrces • DDrouroughghtt vvululneerarabilbility and resresponponse strategigies
Slide 1 Slide 2
WATER SUPPLLYY & SANINITTATION AtAtoll GrGroundwoundwater LLensens Technicalcal advice anandd cacapacipacitty buildingbuilding in:-
• WateWaterr ddemandemand management and conservationvation apapprproacheches and technnoollogogiies • WasWasttewaewaterter faciacilitlity management, speciifficic focusfocus on on-ssiteite sansanitationitation and hygienhygiene prompromototionion • DDiisasasterster prepareparedness of water aandnd wastewatwastewater systems • DeDevveellooppmmeennt ooff nnatationionalal legisgisllaattion, ppooliclicieiess, guguiiddelelinineess,, ssttratetegiesgies aandnd plaansns
Slide 3 Slide 4
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 34]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Groundwaterter SSupplupplyy Syststem GroundGroundwateterr mis-mamanagnagementement (MMaalakula, Vanuanuattuu))
Hydrocarbon contamination
Concentrated animal wastes
Slide 5 Slide 6
SchemSchematic describingdescribing lenslens Ground water flflow in NiNiuuee contcontamaminatination
Leaking / full septic Water source - bore tank / pit toilet Rubbish dump
Sea Level
Freshwater lens
Active bore Transition zone Seawater Proposed bore
Proposed irrigation bore
Ground water flow data taken from G. Jacobson & PJ. Hill (1980) Groundwater Resources of Niue. Bore hole locations kindly supplied by Andre Siohane – Manager Water Div. PWD. Slide 7 Slide 8
Agricultural Development New Niueue Hospital Is there adequate water to irrigate such large farms?s? Where will the hospital geget ititss watterer and will this water be treateedd? ThThee ““safsafe” yeyeiildld of Niue’ue’s ggrroundwater is calculculated to be 11 000 Whatat wiillll haphappenen ttoo the sewsewageage anand oothether hhaazzaardous wastasteses litlitreres / day / hectare ((JaJacobsen & Hill, 1980) - whaatt isis the ccururrerent from the hospital? and pprrojecojected uussaagege?
Slide 9 Slide 10
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 35]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Dump site management ExExamamples of domeeststic & public What is the management strategy for the dump site – hohoww is rarainwateter cacattcchhmenntts (JeJenruk, Majuro) wwaateter quality effected iinn thisis area and does it matter?
Slide 11 Slide 12
RuRunnwaayy rraiainwater catchcatchmenment 19195599.. The geology and hydrodrology ooff Niue Islanlandd, SoSoututh PaPaciciffiicc.. ByBy ScSchoffiieelld,d, J.CJ.C.. New ZeaZeallaannd GeGeololooggicaicall SurvSurvey N.Z.Z. 19197799.. GrGravaviitty andand mmagagnetic ssurveeyy ooff Niueue Islanlandd. byby HiHillll, P.J.P.J. 3 (Majurroo Airstrip – delliiververss 2000m / day) 19198800.. GrGroouundndwaaterter resources of Niuuee Island. ByBy JJaacobson, G.; Hill, P.JP.J.. BMR, [C[Caanbbeerrarra].]. BBurureau ofof Miineral RReessoourcurces Australialia..
19198811.. Hydrdrooggeology ooff a raised ccooral atatoollll - NiuNiue IsIslalannd, by JaJacobbsoson,, G.;G.; HiHillll,, PP.J..J. SoSoututhh Pacifcifiic OOcceaean.n. BMR JJoouurrnal of Auststraliralianan GGeoleology & GGeeophysiysics..
19198822.. RReepoportrt on vviillallage watwateer reticureticullatiotionn ffoor NiuNiuee IsIslalannd. By MMepephahan,, K.V.C.C. Public Worrkkss Departmennt,t, [Al[Alooffi).
19198811.. WWaater mannaagegemment legislegisllatioation ffoor Niue: a rereport to tthehe Governmrnmentnt off Niue.. BByy Clark, S.DS.D.. AuAusstraralian Devellopmpment AsAsssisistatancece Bureau.
1919883 Grounoundd water in the PacPacifific regioonn - Niueue. In: Uniteited NNaatiotions. Deparrtmtment of Technicachnicall CCoo-operperaattiioon for DevDeveloppmment.. UUNN, New Yorrkk. UUNN Dept. of Technichniccaal Co-opopereratation fofor DevDeveloppmment. NNaatuturral ReResosouurrces/Ws/Wateter series..
19198833.. Wellll-water ququalityality in SouSouth Pacifacificic islanlandd statesates,by,by BrBrooddie J.E.;J.E.; LLeee,e, G..W.; Prasad, R.A. . Souuthth Pacific Jouurrnal of Naturturaal ScieSciencncee..
19198844.. ReReppoort on thethe GrGroundwundwatteer Hyddrrology ooff NiNiuue Islandland. Wiilllliamiams, PP..W
19198855.. The Assessment of grououndndwater resources onon small oceaeanniic islanndsds, by JJaaccoobson, G. In:In: Watteer reresosoururcces of smalll isislalands:nds: technical prococeedeedinings (Part 2) of the RRegegionalal Workrkshop on Water RResesources of SmSmall Islands
19198899.. Developlopment and coconnsservation ooff ggrrounndd-waterter resouurcesrces and waterwater-relatedrelated natnatuural ddisisasters anandd tthheir mitigmitigatatioionn in sellectedected least devdeveeloplopeed counttrriesies andand devdevelopinngg island coucountries in the ESCAP rereggioonn.- Counountrtry aanndd aarereaa iinnffoorrmamattiioon:n: NiNiuue. InIn:: United Nationss.. ESCCAAP. UN, New York. ESCAP Water ReResourcurces seriies.
19199922.. Draftaft 5 yyeears natnatiionalal waterwater ddeevveellopmenent ppllanan ffoor Niueue Island. Publubliicc Workkss DeDeppaartment.nt. by Nyo, N.N.NN.. Uniitted NatNatiions. Department of Economic anand Socciial DevDevelopmepmennt..
19199922.. NiNiuue water resources and ththeir dedevveeloopmepment. By ToTongatule, T. In:In: United Nationss..
19199944.. CCoonnsusultattation on waterter anand ssaanitattatiion prprojectoject anand rreevviisseed NNaattiional Watter.er.
19199955.. Drinkkinging-wateterr ququallitity aandnd ppoolllutlutiion cconontrtrol. By FiFishesher,, B.B.W.M.
19199955.. Water and Sanniitattiion PProroject vivisit to Niueue, by BuBurrke, E. 25-2299 April 19199595..SSOOPACPAC Triip.p.
19199966.. WATER SUSUPPPPLYLY; SASANNIITATITION.. AAMERERICICAN SASAMOA; COOK ISLAISLANDNDSS;; NNORTORTHERN MARIANA ISLANNDSDS; KKIIRIBABATI; MARSHALL ISLANDS; FEDERARATED STATES OF MICRONECRONESIA; NIUE; SOLOMSOLOMON ISLANDS; TOKELALAU; TONNGAGA; TUVALU;LU; VANUANUATTUU; WWEESTEERRNN SSAAMOA. AmeAmerican Samoa DrafDraft overvieeww of Pacifcific IIssland Wateter/Sar/Saninitatattioionn ProPrograms.
19199999.. PACCTTAF waterter ssupuppplyly proprojjeecct, Niue Islanlandd, South Pacificc.. NiNiuuee. PuPublblic Workrks.s.
19199999.. Smallll-scale wastewaterewater treateatmentnt planplantt proojeject - reporportt of vviisit ttoo Niue Islandland by BBowower, R. - SOSOPPACAC PrePreliminary RReeporrtt 1110.10.
20200000.. Pippee detteeccttioionn survrveyseys aannd ccrereatioonn ooff a watwaterer ututilityility GIS, Niue. By DaDawwe, P. SOPASOPACC Tecchnichnicaal Report 313111 Deparrtmetment of EcEcoonomic and Sociciaal Develloopment. 19199292.. Water rreesources managemement for smasmall islislands.nds. www.sopac.org [email protected] Slide 13 Slide 14
Aggregates
WWhathat are aaggrggregegates?ates? SOSOPACPAC/EU EDF9 Rock partpartiiclescles of varyingvarying dimensimensionsons and composcomposititionion whicwhich are used extensiextensivelvely for RedReducuciingng VuVulnlnererabilabilitity inin thethe constructuctiion & filll purposes PacificPacific ACACPP States Aggregates
By Dr. Arthur Webb
SanSandd: 0.0.00662525 – 2 mm GrGravavel: 2 – 4 mm (Gr(Grananules)ules) 4 –16 mmmm (Peb(Pebbblless)) 16 – 64 mm ((CobCobbblleses)) >64 mmmm (Bou(Boulders)lders) Slide 1 Slide 2
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 36]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
WhWhyy do we neeneedd Local ApplicationsApplications
aggregates?aggregates? Hospital
For exaexampmple;le; 885%5% ofof concrncreteete Kiribati isis agaggregategregate (sand + gravelgravel),), concrconcrete and concrete productsoducts (e.g. blockblocks)s) arare by far the cheapecheapest,st, strongeststrongest Roads anandd commcommoneonestst method of buibuildldiingng everythingeverything fromfrom MaManunuffactureacture ooff Sea ramps / tracks cacaususewewaaysys to waterwater tantanksks in Tuvalu cemenmentt and conconccreretete,, the PPacificacific today. buiillddiing bllocks, rooadad IInfrastructurenfrastructure develodevelopmentpment in anandd airprportort surfacinging,, PacificPacific Is.Is. nanatitioonsns cannot prefab bbuuildinildinggs,s, land prococeeeded without a reliareliablblee reclamationreclamation,, sea source of qualityality agggregategregates.s. ddefefeencnces, etetc.
Slide 3 Slide 4
Aggregates frfromom limestone RResourceesource Assessment / coralcoral debrdebrisis quarriesquarries Unlilike llowow atoll’’s in tthehe Pacifcifiic, Niueue iiss blessed wiwithth llargrge easileasilyy accaccessedessed aggraggregegatatee resresooururces andand can supplysupply alll ofof itits ddomomestestiicc Compomposedsed of uplupliiftedfted anciancieentnt corcoralal rreeeefsfs and laagoogoonn depodeposisittss,, “coorarallllineine”” needs wwiitthh good qualialitty sand, gravel and fifillll. llimeimestonetone andand rubblubblee’’ss maimainn These products (particularly sand & road base) are supplied coconstinstitutetute is calciium carbcarbonaonatete.. It is • These products (particularly sand & road base) are supplied relrelatively poporousrous aandnd aabsorbsorbbss largege frfrom a numberber of quarry'sry's spreadead alalll over tthehe island. amamountsounts of wateter,r, hohowever they aarere • This apprapproaoachch has mermeriitsts regarddiningg thethe transansppoorrtt of mmodeoderratatelely strstronongg aandnd rrelelatitivelvely aggregateegate (redducesuces haulaghaulagee costs) howhoweverever iitt has llefeftt maanyny durable for construction. One of many sand quarries durable for construction. unsigunsighhtltly andand useless eareartthwororkkss over tthehe iislslaand. Marshall Islands • Systematiic resource assessment woulwouldd assist toto contaiain thethe damage ttoo fewer areas with thethe best qualqualiity aggregatesegates in tthehe mostmost appropriateiate llocatocations. • ImImproved mamanagement wouwoulld inclincludeude the rehrehabilabiliitatition of thethe quarry sites reducingeducing thetheirir llongong term iimppactact on tthehe envirenvironmnmenentt ((consconsiider tooururiismm)). Quarrying coral rock for crushing Limestone rock crusher Slide 5 Slide 6
Agggregregate resourceurce assasseessssmmentent MoMonitoringnitoring – operationoperation & integrated intintoo a GIS mmappiappingng environmentenvironment systemem • Undertake resource assessment. • Carry out EIA before exploiting resource. • Develop guidelines – to preserve and rehabilitate the environment and monitor the aggregate extraction operation. • Address findings of monitoring program – devise and implement mitigating or development measures. • Continue exploration of new / alternative resources – ensuring a continued supply of aggregates in the future and give alternative reserves if monitoring recommends closure of the present reserve.
Slide 7 Slide 8
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 37]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
In summarsummary, thethe EDF9 Project’s “Aggregates”regates” compmponenonentt can offeroffer NiueNiue;
• LoLocalcal capcapacitacityy bubuiildildingng (tr(transfensfer of techtechninicalcal skills). • AggrAggregategate Resource AssessmentAssessment. • AsAssistsist iinn developipingng aaggggreregate exextrtractionaction operaerattioion & methmethodss.. • AssistanAssistance toto proprodduucece ooppeerratioion andand monmonititororiningg guidelinelines.es.
Slide 9
Hazard & Risk
ImplementImplement Comprehensive
SOPAC–EEUU ‘R‘Rededucucining Vulneraberabilitityy ooff Pacciific ACP Hazard and Risk StatStates’ ManagemeManagement ToolToolss Hazard AsseAssessmentssment & within the Framework of an RiskRisk ManagementManagement IntegrIntegratedated ApproacApproach for SustSustainabainablele DevelopmDevelopment (Island(Island SystemSystems ManagemManagemenent)t) Dr. NNeetatatutua PPrrescotttt SSuusstaintainable Develoloppmmenent Advisviserer ([email protected])
Slide 1 Slide 2
Goal ReReggiion hahass high coconcencentrntraatition of NaturalNatural Hazarzardds To improve
hahazarzard 16
14 Others assessment Flood 12 Windstorm Earthquake, volcano
anandd riisk s t 10 n e v
management E 8 practiices to No of 6 4
bubuiildld safsafeer 2
0 communitiescommunities 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Slide 3 Slide 4
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 38]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
TropicalTropical Cyclone TracksTracks Particularly vulnerablevulnerable to EarthquakeEarthquakess
Slide 5 Slide 6
Pre TC Heta 2001 Hazard & RRiskisk
CyCyclclonic wwiind Cliimatatee fllucucttuauattiion Lost of biodiversity La Nina Sea sprays Flooding Lost of properties Insect population explosions StStoormrm susurrgege El Nino Coastal erosion Drought Contamination of Groundwater groundwater shortages Earrththqquake - grogroundund shakihakinng SSeea lelevell rissee Tsunamiunami Inundation Near source from earthquake, landslide, or Salt water intrusion volcano Volclcananoo Ashfall Fires
Slide 7 Slide 8
Post TC Heta 2004
Slide 9 Slide 10
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 39]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
WaWaveve ImImpactpact AsseAssessmssment CCoastaloastal Hazard Zonation & PoPolicylicy
The prelimineliminaarry findingsings • A coastastal hazard zonnaation for wave impacts and conclusions of the oonn tthehe AAlolofifi tterracerracee sshouhoulldd bebe carrririeed ouout assessmeennt have been according to: presented and • lelesssonssons lealearrnt from TCTC Heta discusseedd with a broad • near shore wavwavee modelling range of government • scenascenariosrios withwith cyclones apprapproachoachinging fromom NWNW and W rreepprreseseenntativtives.es. • BaBasedsed oonn tthehesse ffinindidings tthehe ddeevellopopmenentt of a policy involving relevantant stakehoehollddersers is enenvviisagesaged to guide future development oonn thethe Alofofi terrace
Slide 11 Slide 12
Challenges facing NIUE in Challenges facing NIUE in TOOLS DisasteDisaster & Risk Manaagegementment z Data • HigHighhlyly vulnvulneerrable toto hahazarzard and associated riisks • Availability of Accurate and Timely Data • Fraaggileile ecoeconomieiess and environmeennt ccontontriibbutesutes ttoo FieFielld Surveys Remote Sensing vuvulnlnerabiliterabilityy to Hazards • LimitedLimited cacappacityacity toto deadeall withwith disasterdisasterss • ToTowwns/villagns/villages are located on the coastcoast tthhusus vulnvulneerrable to relatedlated coastalcoastal hazarhazards Bathymetry Lagoon/Reef, GPS Surveys, … Satellite, Radar, Aerial Photo
Slide 13 Slide 14
TOOTOOLLS TOOLS
z Data z Data Trainings, Workshops, Training on the Job • Availability of Accurate and Timely Data • Availability of Accurate and Timely Data
Field Surveys ReRemottee SenSensingsing z Capacity GIS • Human Resources/Skills • (ICT) Infrastructure
Access via LAN, WAN and Internet Provision of Hardware & Software (GIS/RS) Map Server, Map Viewer ExisExisttiingng Datababaseses
Slide 15 Slide 16
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 40]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Hazard AAssssessmentessment TOOLSTOOLS z Data • IIdentdentifify/Analyze Hazards Availability of Accurate and Timely Data • MMapapppinging spspatialatial ddistribistributionution
z Capacity LikeliLikelihoodhood aannd PrProbobaabbiliilityty Topographic Wind Effects • Human Resources/Skills Understarstand thethe proceocess
• (ICT) Infrastructure
z Sustainable Development
• Appropriate Plans, Policies and Fire Risk Areas Regulatory Frameworks
• Guidelines, Code of Practice Scientific Studies, Models & Tools Coastal Inundation
Slide 17 Slide 18
VulnVulnerabiliterability AAssessmentssessment HazarHazardd x Vulnerability = RiskRisk • IIdentdentifify/Analyze vulnerable areas:
AsAssesett Survey (Bu(Buililddingingss, IInfrnfraasstrtrucucture)
MaMappppinging anand classifyclassify vulneraerablblee arareaseas Parcels
Impapactct aannaallysis / ececonomiicc loss
DeCoCmogmmmurapmhicun Dnatitya resilieresilience/trnce/tradiaditiotionnaall copinpingg adadapaptatiotationn mmeecchhaaninissmm
Hazardous Facilities
Infrastructure
Slide 19 Slide 20
CHARM Comprehensive Hazard RiskRisk Treatment andand Risk MaManagnageement A Comprehensive • Appropriate Develolopment Planniing and Hazard and Risk Catchment Management Management Tool • Appropriate Polilicies to mainstream Risk • Legisllatiion (e.g. Buililding Codes, Land Use and Planning/Zoniing) Management • StStrurucctuturarall MeMeasasureuress (e.(e.gg. cocoasasttaall eennggiinneeeeririnngg)) practices in the • Early Warniing & Publiclic AwarenessAwareness Pacific and Risk • Capacity Buiillding & Strengthening Management in a Community Safety • Treat Resiidual Risk (Monitoitorining/Preparedness) Context Slide 21 Slide 22
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 41]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Summary
NIUE like other small Pacific Islands Developing Countries are extremely vulnerable
There are limited resources available to strengthen resilience
Disasters have social, economic and political impacts on sustainable development
The task of reducing vulnerability requires an integrated approach (ISM) and utilizing Thank you! Strategic Partnerships
Slide 23 Slide 24
Coastal Processes
SOPAC/EUSOPAC/EU EDEDF9F9 Coastal PProcessesrocesses RedReducingucing Vulnerability in the PacificPacific ACPACP SStatestates • Sediment Processes / Movement –Erosion / Accretion – Coastal Monitoring – Advising on Coastal Engineering Coastal Processes – Coastal Planning By Dr. AArthrthuurr Webbbb • Water Processes / Movement – Mixing and Flow Dynamics – Ecological Maintenance, Pollution (water quality)
www.sopac.org [email protected]
Slide 1 Slide 2
NaturalNatural ErosErosionion Beach erosierosionon due to There are fewfew eroerossion human activities? vvuulnerable sofsoftt cocoaastlinestliness inin Niue. Sand / gravel mining in coastal zone?
Marshall Islands
Building ramps and wharves needs to be properly planned to avoid failure and coastal erosion. Kiribati Slide 3 Slide 4
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 42]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Coastal PlaPlanningnning Water Quality – Ecological PProvirovidede advicadvicee on MaintenaMaintenanncce appropriatappropriate placement Nutrient loading results can Samoa and designdesign of coascoasttal result in harmful algae blooms iinnfrafrastrutructurere
Niue Pollution can disturb coastal ecosystems and kill corals & Tuvalu fish.
Assistance to identify appropriate coastal building zones Niue Marshall Is. Rubbish dumps may contaminate coastal waters Slide 5 Slide 6
Overview RepoReportsrts coconncercerninningg NiNiue’ue’s cocoastalastal geogeollogy “Coastal Processes” encompasses a broad range of and hazahazardsrds hhavave alreadyalready bbeeeen pprroduoducedced by issues. Within the overall scope of the SOPAC SOPAC & EDF9.EDF9. EU/EDF 9 Project, the Coastal Processes component can offer training, advise, assessment and assistance in areas such as; “Coastal Geology • CoastCoastal erosierosionon / accretion.accretion. and Hazards of Niue_TR0233.” • AppropriatAppropriate coastall engineeriengineering.ng. by Donald L. Forbes • OnOn site and remote coastall monitoring. • Impactpacts of coastall and off-sshorehore mining. SOPAC Secretariat • AppropriatAppropriate coastal infrasasttruuctcture anandd August 1996 planning. SOPAC Technical Report 233 • EnviEnvironmentronmental watwater flows aandnd ccirculirculatation. • NutNutrientient and pollutant lloading.oading. • Slide 7 Slide 8
Marine Survey
SOPAC/EU EDF9 The EU EDF9 “Marine Survey” component includes; Reducing Vulnerability in the Pacific ACP States Seabed Mapping Marine Survey By Dr. Arththurur Webbbb Wave & Current Measurement
Hydrodynamic Numerical Modelling 1 2 Slide 1 Slide 2
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 43]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
Seabed Mapping Seabed Mapping
Multibeam Measures water Electronic signals are relayed to computers on the Echosounder research vessel where they are interpreted and depth and seabed recorded. backscatter intensity Data being recorded
Multibeam Echosounder 3000m depth range Swathmapper Control 3 4 Slide 3 Slide 4
Seabed Mapping Applications Digital Terrain Model Suva Peninsular - Fiji
Navigation Pearl farm Topography and Bathymetry Geological hazards Hazard Habitat mapping identification Dredging Fisheries/Mariculture Coastal Development Cable/Pipe laying 10km
Underwater 5 slump 6 Slide 5 Slide 6
Numerical Modelling Numerical Modelling Application
Tidal exchange and currents
MIKE 21 hydraulic simulation software. Storm surge Water quality Uses data from Multibeam and ADP Sediment erosion, transport and (current / wave meters). deposition
Calculates tidal Port design – channel & breakwater exchange, circulation patterns, residence alignment times, currents and waves. 7 8 Slide 7 Slide 8
[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 44]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
The EU EDF9 “Marine Survey” component can provide
Seabed Mapping Navigation, hazards, habitat mapping, dredging, fisheries, coastal development & infrastructure.
Wave & Current Measurement current profiles, sediment transport & wave impact studies.
Hydrodynamic Numerical Modelling calculates tidal exchange, circulation patterns, residence times, wave energy, etc. 9 Slide 9
Island Systems Management (ISM)
Implement Comprehensive Hazard and Risk Management Tools within the Framework of an Integrated Approach for ISLAND SYSTEMS Sustainable Development MANAGEMENT (ISM) (Island Systems Management) ISLAND SYSTEM MANAGEMENT (ISM)
[email protected] Netatua Prescott Jun 2005 [email protected] Slide 1 Slide 2
ISSUES
z No holistic ‘view’ of the big picture
…aiming at introducing and z Issues are dealt with piece meal promoting a multi-disciplinary z Policies and actions are fragmented management framework for z Very little participation (planning, implementation, application in an island or sub- monitoring) of the impacted community system within an island. z Lack of coordination z Prior attempts at integration critically limited by human, financial and data resources
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[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 45]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
‘Integration’ is two fold as it applies to the ISM:
-Integration of relevant sectors’ aspect in Data Sets for ISM planning – technological, economic, social, ecological and institutional • Aggregates •Water - institution framework - Sources - Integration of planning & management - policy, legislation, - boreholes development plans and tools - ecosystem/watershed objectives - waste Sinks -GIS, RS - the resource - Government - Quantitative/qualitative methodology – socio- - the market - Industries economic assessment/survey, EIA, Cost- - the process and - geology, soils benefit Analysis, institutional/policy/capacity impacts - Population ***Sustainable - Hazards analysis Development of Participatory and consultative – PRA, Aggregates … ***Water conservation CBDRM, Community Consultation strategies …
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Sustainable Development = ISM
Principles of ISM
•Accepts fragility of islands, economy & culture • Pro Participation & Stakeholder Dialogue • Adopts Systems Thinking eg. “Ridge to Reef ” • Integrates 3 Pillars of Sustainable Development • Economy Society Environment • Supports Principles of Good Governance • Advocates Precautionary Principle eg. Hazard Analysis & Risk Management
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The Pacific Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Initiative Island Systems Management
• Integrated approach by SIDS governments, •GIS Based regional and national stakeholders • Data will be available on Map Server • Develop capacities in SIDS to manage • National/Sub-National vulnerability and build resilience Sectoral Sustainable • Address special requirements of SIDS as Development Strategies recognised in Agenda 21, Barbados Programme – ISM Approach of Action and Johannesburg Plan of Action –GIS tools • Will collaborate with • Contribute to achieving MDGs WSSD, BPoA, MDGs, • Integration of Comprehensive Hazard and Risk Pacific Plan, CROP, Management into Sustainable Development Donors
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[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 46]
SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting
ISM Outcomes ISM Outcomes – con’t
• Risk Management processes integrated into • Vulnerability assessment tools developed national development planning (Island Systems and applied Management) • Integrated scientific hazard assessment and • Sustainable Management Strategies for Aggregates and Water risk reduction solutions promoted and applied • Appropriate Legislation and Policy Instruments for Aggregates, Water & Sanitation and Hazards • Regional/national risk information Assessment and Management developed infrastructure developed and maintained • Disaster Preparedness, Response and Coordination • Reducing vulnerability strengthened
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[EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 47]