DOCSLIB.ORG

Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in the Pacific Region Prepared

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in the Pacific Region Prepared Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in the Pacific Region Report to: COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Prepared by: Dr E.G. Hanna: RN, RCCN, BA (Hist & Phil of Sc), MPH, PhD , FRCNA; Convenor Climate Change Adaptation Research Network – Human Health. Associate Professor D. Harley: BSc (Zoology, Hons I), MBBS, PhD, FAFPHM, MMedSc (Clin Epid); Associate Professor of Epidemiology. Ms C. Xu: BA (Intel Journalism), MPH, Research Assistant. Professor A.J. McMichael: MBBS, PhD; Professor of Population Health, and NHMRC Australia Fellow. National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health College of Medicine, Biology & Environment Australian National University 1 December, 2011 Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in the Pacific Region National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health 2 Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in the Pacific Region Contents Page Contents Page .................................................................................................................................. 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................................... 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................ 6 KEY FINDINGS .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Glossary of terms ............................................................................................................................. 8 Key definitions ................................................................................................................................. 9 SCOPE OF SERVICES ............................................................................................................................... 10 KEY QUESTIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 11 METHODS .............................................................................................................................................. 12 Part 1: CONTEXT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE PACIFIC REGION .......................................................... 14 1.1 Current Knowledge and Understanding ............................................................................ 14 1.2 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 15 1.3 Existing Health Challenges ................................................................................................ 23 1.3.1 Health Status ............................................................................................................. 23 1.3.2 Non-communicable diseases ..................................................................................... 26 1.3.3 Communicable Diseases ............................................................................................ 29 1.3.4 Population and demographics .................................................................................. 31 1.3.5 Health Infrastructure ................................................................................................. 32 1.4 Projections ......................................................................................................................... 40 Part 2: CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH .................................................................... 43 2.1 Extreme weather events and disasters .................................................................................... 45 2.1.1 Heat Waves ............................................................................................................... 47 2.1.2 Storms and cyclones .................................................................................................. 52 Case Study 1 – Cyclone Heta Niue ............................................................................................. 52 2.1.3 Coastal Inundation .................................................................................................... 55 2.1.4 Flooding ..................................................................................................................... 56 2.2 Vector-borne Infectious Disease .............................................................................................. 58 Case Study 2 - Malaria in Papua New Guinea ........................................................................... 60 2.3 Food Security and Food-borne disease .................................................................................... 62 2.3.1 Food-borne Disease ................................................................................................... 65 Case Study 3 - Food Security and Child Health.......................................................................... 65 Food insecurity – a climate change risk ................................................................................... 66 Food insecurity through economic vulnerability ..................................................................... 67 Child health ............................................................................................................................... 69 Climate and food and health .................................................................................................... 71 2.4 Water security, Water-borne Disease and Sanitation ............................................................. 73 2.4.1 An overview of water supply issues in the Pacific Island Nations ............................ 74 2.4.2 An overview of water-borne disease and sanitation in the Pacific .......................... 75 2.5 Chronic (non-communicable) Health Conditions ..................................................................... 81 Part 3: IDENTIFIED CHALLENGES AND HEALTH INTERVENTIONS .......................................................... 85 3.1 Challenges and Gaps ................................................................................................................ 85 3.2 Recommendation for health interventions ............................................................................. 86 3.2.1 Recommendation 1: Research .................................................................................. 87 National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health 3 Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in the Pacific Region 3.2.2 Recommendation 2: Expand Population Health Programs ....................................... 88 3.2.3 Recommendation 3: Emergency Response Programs .............................................. 89 3.2.4 Recommendation 4: Data Management / Surveillance ............................................ 89 3.2.5 Recommendation 5: Education ................................................................................. 90 3.2.6 Recommendation 6: Governance.............................................................................. 90 REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 91 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................ 107 Appendix 1: Map of Pacific Island Countries ............................................................................... 107 National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health 4 Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in the Pacific Region ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank Marijia Apostoloska (medical student, University of Tasmania), Hayley Engel, Haiyao He, Jana Li, Agnes Luty, Rajivi Prematunga, and Paris Ramrakha (medical students, Australian National University). Their project work on climate change and human health in the Pacific region has contributed background information to the preparation of this report. We also acknowledge the valuable input provided during the Noumea workshop by regional stakeholders, the Secretariat of the Pacific Communities (SPC), World Health Organization (WHO) and researchers as listed on Appendix 2. We also thank the Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency (DCCEE) and the Australian National University (ANU) and the National Centre of Epidemiology and Population Health (NCEPH) for their support and contributions. National Centre for Epidemiology & Population Health 5 Overview of Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in the Pacific Region EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recognises that developing countries are the most vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change because they have fewer resources to adapt geophysically, socially, technologically and financially.(1) Small Island Developing States (SIDS) face multiple stresses that affect their exposures and sensitivity as well as their capacity to adapt. This overview examines the context of climate change, including existing major health challenges in the Pacific region, and its likely impacts on human health. We present an assessment of the existing health issues and future projections for Pacific Island Countries (PICs) and East Timor, countries vulnerable to climate change and likely to suffer significant negative human health impacts. Our analysis
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Programme 14 – 21 April 2017
    5th Niue Arts and Cultural Festival 2017 PROGRAMME 14 – 21 APRIL 2017 ‘Ki Mua mo e Vagahau Niue’ ‘Move Forward with Vagahau Niue’ www.niuefestival.com Committed to the preservation of our arts and culture through the promotion of Vagahau Niue, every second year the Niue Arts and Cultural Festival transforms Niue into a vibrant culture zone with one week of the finest music, theatre, dance, visual art and writers. Tickets for various events can be purchased as described, with many events free and available for both locals and visitors to experience. PRE - FESTival acTIVITIES WEDNESDAY 5TH APRIL NIUE HIGH SCHOOL’s CuLTURAL NIUEAN PERFORMANCES 9am - 12pm, Niue High School PRP Hall. Free entry and open to the public. This is performed by the four house teams of Niue High School. Held at the High School multi-purpose hall, this event is open to the public. FRIDAY 7TH APRIL CHARLES JESSOP MEMORIAL SCULPTURE AwarD ENTRIES CLOSE 4pm, Tahiono Art Gallery, Alofi. $10 registration fee, open to all. Submissions of art piece displays for Sales Fale. Blank wooden planks are available from Tahiono Art Gallery in Alofi. $10 registration fee payable at Tahiono Art Gallery. Winners announced on Saturday 15th April. Proudly brought to you by Tahiono Art and supported by Niue Tourism. WEDNESDAy 12th - THURSDAY 13TH APRIL VagaHAU NIUE CONFERENCE 9am - 4pm, Salim Hall, Mutalau. Registrations with UNESCO Natcom c/- Education Department and open to the public. Sustaining Vagahau Niue is of the essence for everyone Niuean. We must continue to shine the light on our capacities as Niue peoples to use the Vagahau Niue as a vehicle towards a better life, for living together within as well as maintaining ties with our Niue nationals living abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Year (05 January 2004) There Have Been Some Noticeable Observations of the Changes to the Number and Settlement of the Population of Niue
    Economic, Planning, Development and Statistics Unit, Premiers Department, Government of Niue. Phone 4219, E-mail : [email protected] , web: www.gov.nu/stats 1 Economic, Planning, Development and Statistics Unit, Premiers Department, Government of Niue. Phone 4219, E-mail : [email protected], web: www.gov.nu/statsniue Niue National Head Count - September 2004 Introduction Fakaalofa lahi atu. Following the devastating events of cyclone Heta in the opening weeks of this year (05 January 2004) there have been some noticeable observations of the changes to the number and settlement of the population of Niue. There was movement of people to and from overseas as well as from one village to another, more so the most affected coastal villages from Hikutavake to Avatele. In order to know the true picture of these movements and changes the national statistics office of the Government of Niue was tasked with the exercise to conduct a comprehensive “Population Head Count of Niue”. The objectives of this exercise was seen as: • To determine the total population of Niue and at the same time re-establish the nominal roll of all people living in Niue and where they are at a certain point in time to be used in estimating the population during that period; • To record the changes and update the appropriate information (Population and Households Census 2001 and the compilation of the National Accounts) contained in the department to reflect; • To serve as a data source for the electoral rolls, planning for school rolls, and social policy in general; and • To be used in times of emergencies such as cyclones as a “guiding roll” of residents or occupiers of the households in each villages.
    [Show full text]
  • Singing the Niuean ‘Fetuiaga Kerisiano' on a Distant Shore
    On Becoming a Liquid Church: Singing the Niuean ‘Fetuiaga Kerisiano' on a Distant Shore A thesis submitted to Charles Sturt University for the Doctor of Philosophy degree November 2015 By Matagi Jessop Don Vilitama 11393581 Faculty of Arts Department of Theology Charles Sturt University 2 Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................. 5 Certificate of Authorship .................................................................................. 7 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................ 9 Glossary - Niuean Words ............................................................................... 11 Chapter 1 On the Need for a Niu-e (New) Way of Thinking ......................... 19 1. The Task: Ko e Fekau ............................................................................ 19 2. Method: Moving into the Future through the Past .................................. 21 3. Crossing the Moana ............................................................................... 29 4. Experiencing Diaspora ........................................................................... 34 5. The Focus of this Research: Tu Kupega ................................................ 37 6. Moving Fakafetuiaga .............................................................................. 46 7. Coming Out of Silence ............................................................................ 50 8. The Importance
    [Show full text]
  • Current and Future Climate of Niue
    Hikutavake Mutalau Toi Namukulu Tuapa Makefu Lakepa ALOFI Liku Hanan Airport Tamakautoga Avatele Vaiea Hakupu Village South Pacific Ocean Current and future climate of Niue > Niue Department of Meteorology and Climate Change > Australian Bureau of Meteorology > Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Niue’s current climate The annual average temperature on Niue is around 24°C. Changes in the the tropical Pacific Ocean and affects temperature from season to season are relatively small (4°C difference weather around the world. There are between the warmest and coolest months) and strongly tied to changes two extreme phases of the El Niño- in the surrounding ocean temperature. The country has two distinct seasons – Southern Oscillation: El Niño and La a warm wet season from November to April and a cooler dry season from Niña. There is also a neutral phase. May to October (Figure 1). El Niño events tend to bring drier than normal conditions to Niue, Niue’s wet season is affected by Niue’s climate is also influenced by particularly in the wet season. They the movement of the South Pacific sub-tropical high pressure systems also bring cooler conditions during Convergence Zone. This band of heavy and the trade winds, which blow the dry season. La Niña events rainfall is caused by air rising over mainly from the south-east. usually bring wetter conditions. The warm water where winds converge, Niue’s climate varies considerably drier conditions in El Niño years are resulting in thunderstorm activity. It from year to year due to the El Niño- often caused by the South Pacific extends across the South Pacific Southern Oscillation.
    [Show full text]
  • Niue Information – Fakalofa Lahi
    “FAKAALOFA LAHI ATU - GREETINGS” ~ WELCOME TO NIUE ~ VISITOR INFORMATION CENTRE Alofi Town Centre – opposite Parliament Building Open: 8:00am -4:00pm Monday – Friday Saturday & Public Holidays 9:00am – 12:00pm Phone: 4224 Or E-mail [email protected] NB: Visitors be advised to observe tides when planning a trip on the reef or swimming as tides turn very quickly so please take care. Also advisable that when snorkeling, do not go past reef areas. If unsure please check with the Niue Tourism Office/Information Centre on ph. 4224. COUNTRY PROFILE HANAN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT Head of State Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II represented by the Weekly service with Air NZ www.airnewzealand.co.nz Governor General of Niue and New Zealand Departure Tax NZD$34 (CASH ONLY) Children under 12yrs exempt Legal Status Self-governing in free association with New (Departure tax isn‟t included in your ticket so please pay after check Zealand since 1974 under the Niue in and complete your departure cards) Constitution NB: Declare coconuts/taro/honey for New Zealand; please obtain a Head of Government Premier Phytosanitary certificate for coconuts/taro NZD$8 & Zoosanitary certificate Executive Government Cabinet: Premier and 3 Ministers for Niue honey NZD$12.50 from Quarantine ph 4690 before check-in (All Legislative Assembly (Parliament) consisting local handcrafts do not need to be declared but will be required a Quarantine of 20 members. General elections held every sticker) 3 years Population 2006 1,625: 802 males 823 females AIR NEW ZEALAND SCHEDULE 2014 Citizenship
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Niue 1St Multi-Stakeholder Consultations
    EU-SOPAC (EDF9) Project Report 45 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States PROCEEDINGS OF THE NIUE 1ST MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATIONS Matavai Resort, Tamakautoga, Niue 04th – 14th June 2005 Niue – SOPAC EDF9 multi-stakeholder consultation meeting, 8th of June 2005 SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting Compilers: Dr Netatua Prescott and Dr Arthur Webb SOPAC Secretariat September 2005 IMPORTANT NOTICE This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Community; however, the views expressed herein must never be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Community. For more copies of this report, apply to the SOPAC Secretariat at the address below: SOUTH PACIFIC APPLIED GEOSCIENCE COMMISSION c/o SOPAC Secretariat Private Mail Bag GPO, Suva FIJI ISLANDS http://www.sopac.org Phone: +679 338 1377 Fax: +679 337 0040 [email protected] [EU-SOPAC Project Report 45 – Prescott & Webb : 2] SOPAC-EDF9 Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States – Niue 1st Multi-Consultation Meeting CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE MULTI-STAKEHOLDER CONSULTATION (MSC) ........................... 5 Introduction.......................................................................................................................... 5 Project Overview ................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Sixth National Report
    Niue’s Sixth National Report Convention on Biological Diversity August 2020 Department of Environment GOVERNMENT OF NIUE 1 Table of Contents Executive summary ......................................................................................................................................... i Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... v Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Section I. Targets being pursued at the national level................................................................................ 2 National Target 1: Protection of biological diversity .............................................................................. 3 National Target 2: Policy, planning and institutional frameworks ......................................................... 4 National Target 3: Local communities and customs ............................................................................... 5 National Target 4: Institutional strengthening ........................................................................................ 6 National Target 5: Financial sustainability ..............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Reference Manual for Understanding and Managing the Soil Resources of Niue
    A reference manual for understanding and managing the soil resources of Niue Reviewed by: Approved for release by: Peter Newsome Alison Collins Programme Leader Portfolio Leader – Characterising Land Resources Landcare Research Landcare Research Landcare Research Contract Report: LC2417 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal and development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The FPAM Project encourages the use of this report for study, research, news reporting, criticism or review. Selected passages, tables or diagrams may be reproduced for such purposes provided acknowledgement of the source is included. Major extracts or the entire document may not be reproduced by any process without written permission. Photo title page courtesy David M. Leslie For bibliographic purposes, please reference this publication as: FPAM (2015) A reference manual for understanding and managing the soil resources of Niue, November 2015, Lincoln, New Zealand, FPAM-2015-SLM-01 by David M. Leslie © Copyright – Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations A reference manual for understanding and managing the soil resources of Niue FPAM contract: SC 020615 Landcare Research New Zealand Limited David M Leslie Landcare Research Prepared for: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations Sub-regional Office for the Pacific Islands Private Mail Bag Apia Samoa November 2015 Landcare Research, Gerald Street, PO Box 69040, Lincoln 7640, New Zealand, Ph +64 3 321 9999, Fax +64 3 321 9998, www.landcareresearch.co.nz Contents 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Accommodation List As at Jan 2010.Pdf
    ATTACHMENT A NIUE ISLAND ACCOMMODATION LIST AS OF JANUARY 2010 Property Contact Rooms Beds Type Facilities Rates NZD Distance Matavai Resort Hosts: Marie Etuata & Hima 22 22 Double 2 Aircon Rooms Location: Avatele Douglas Tea/Coffee making facilities $222 Air Con 15 min PO Box 133, Alofi, Niue 22 Single Fridge drive Ph:683 4360 All rooms with ceiling fans and ensuite $188 Standard Fax: 683 4361 bathrooms Email: [email protected] Swimming pools Restaurant Conference room Gift Shop Ocean Views Free Bicycles Credit Cards: Amex, Visa, Diners, Mastercard, Bankcard Namukulu Cottages & Brian & Teressa Scott 3 3 Queen Swimming Pool Spa PO Box 171, Alofi, Niue BBQ Single $100 20 min Location: Namukulu Ph: 683 3001 3 Single Laundry Double $120 drive Fax: 683 3001 Home Gym Triple $140 Email: Free Internet Access Quad $160 [email protected] Whale Watching/Look out point Website: www.namukulu- Credit Cards: Visa, Mastercard, Bankcard motel.nu Coral Gardens Motel Stafford & Salome Guest 5 5 Double Studio self-contained cottages $700.00 per Location: Makefu PO Box 91, Alofi, Niue Shared cooking facilities cottage per 15 min Ph: 683 4235 5 Single Tea/coffee making facilities week. drive Fax: 683 4222 Fridge Please book Email: Free fan on their [email protected] Ocean views website. Website: Credit Cards: Visa, Bankcard www.coralgardens.nu 1 | P a g e Kololi’s Motel Neil & Rupina Morrisey 1 1 Queen Shared cooking facilities Location: Alofi PO Box 177, Alofi, Niue 1 2 Single Tea/coffee making facilities Please email 5 min walk Ph: 683 4171/4258
    [Show full text]
  • “Niue Foou- a New Niue”
    Government of Niue “Niue Foou- A New Niue” Cyclone Heta Recovery Plan April 2004 Economic, Planning, Development and Statistics Premier’s Department Government of Niue 2004 FOREWORD Fakaalofa hofihofi atu and warm greetings. Cyclone Heta dealt Niue a severe blow and it will take years to fully recover from the devastation that it left behind. However, it also provided the opportunity to take stock of where we are at as a country and to rebuild in a manner that better equips us to face the challenges of the 21st century. Immediate post cyclone response concentrated on re-establishing essential services and getting a roof over peoples’ heads. We must now move on to rebuilding our economy. This involves providing assistance to business to get operational again, ensuring that primary producers can replant without delay and replacing accommodation for government services such as Court House, Library and Cultural Centre. We also have to attract tourists again and make sure they have somewhere to stay and activities they can enjoy during their visit. Last year we prepared the Niue Integrated Strategic Plan for 2003-2005, ‘Halavaka ke he Monuina’ or ‘Prosperous Niue’. The vision set out in that plan has not altered. The opportunity provided by Cyclone Heta has meant however, that we will have to alter some of the strategies and priorities to achieve the goals set out in that plan. That is why we have prepared this Cyclone Heta Recovery Plan. It combines the necessary Heta recovery actions with our National Strategic Objectives. In doing so, it provides the people of Niue with a clear and shared understanding of the path the government intends to follow in getting the country back on a sound economic footing.
    [Show full text]
  • Niue National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015
    Map of Niue Island Niue National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2015 i Compiled by: A Project Team of the Department of Environment and assisted by David Butler Edited by: Sauni Tongatule, Judy Nemaia, Department of Environment and David Butler Funded under Global Environment Facility (GEF) Government of Niue 2015 ©Copyright Government of Niue 2015. This report is copyright under the Berne Convention. We welcome you to use parts of this report in other publications but require a full reference to the source. ISBN 978 1 877520 15 0 Copy editing and publication: Bateson Publishing Limited Design and Layout: Bateson Publishing Limited Cover Design: Tagaloa Cooper and Judy Nemaia, Department of Environment Cover Production: Jackson Enterprise Maps: Richard Siataga, Department of Justice, Lands and Survey and Landcare Research New Zealand ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following key individuals have contributed to the revision of this Strategy. The contribution of many others from various sectors of civil society is also gratefully acknowledged. Sauni Tongatule Director, Department of Environment Brendon Pasisi Director, Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sionetasi Pulehetoa Director, Meteorological Service Manila Nosa Director, Department of Health Birtha Togahai Director, Department of Education Deve Talagi Director, Department of Utilities Christine Ioane Director, Premier’s Department Peleni Talagi Solicitor-General, Crown Law and Financial Intelligence Unit Moira Enetama Director, Taoga Niue Haden Talagi PACC and GCCA:PSIS
    [Show full text]
  • Niue National; Disaster Plan
    NIUE NATIONAL DISASTER PLAN JANUARY 1995 Revised Edition Produced with the Assistance of the South Pacific Disaster Reduction Programme AUSTRALIA CONTENTS PREFACE iv PART 1 - GENERAL INTRODUCTION PART 1.1 AIM PART 1.1 RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHER PLANS PART 1.1 LEGISLATION PART 1.1 DEFINITIONS PART 1.1 THE THREAT PART 1.1 LIST OF DEFINITIONS PART 1.2 PART 2 - ORGANISATION ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE PART 2.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT ORGANISATION PART 2.1 NATIONAL DISASTER COUNCIL PART 2.1 VILLAGE COUNCIL PART 2.1 PART 3 - MITIGATION Reserved PART 3.1 PART 4 - PREPAREDNESS NATIONAL DISASTER PLAN PART 4.1 SUPPORT PLANS PART 4.1 DEPARTMENTAL RESPONSE » village prep, plans PART 4.1 TRAINING PART 4.1 EDUCATION AND AWARENESS PART 4.1 WARNING SYSTEM PART 4.2 COMMUNITY ALERTING SYSTEM PART 4.4 CLOSURE OF SCHOOLS a government offices PART 4.5 SAFETY SHELTERS PART 4.5 VILLAGE PREPAREDNESS PART 4.6 PART S - RESPONSE CONTROL AND CO-ORDINATION PART 5.1 EMERGENCY OPERATIONS CENTRE PART 5.1 ACTIVATION PROCEDURES PART 5.1 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS « public inform. PART 5.3 DISASTER ASSESSMENT AND RELIEF PART 5.4 INTERNATIONAL - RELIEF ASSISTANCE PART 5.6 CUSTOMS AND QUARANTINE PART5.7 FINANCIAL CONSIDERATIONS PART 5.7 PROCLAMATION OF AN EMERGENCY PART 5.7 EVACUATION PART 5.7 EMERGENCY CONTACT DIRECTORY PART 5.9 PART 6 - POST DISASTER REVIEW DEBRIEFING PART 6.1 REVIEW OF PLANS AND PROCEDURES PART 6.1 PART 7 - RECOVERY DAMA GE ASSESSMENT REPORT PART 7.1 RECOVERY PROGRAMME MANA GEMENT PART 7.1 CONTINUITY OF REUEF EFFORT PART 7.1 PART 8 - ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES POLICE
    [Show full text]