PAST AND PRESIDENT Surgeons’ News talks to Iain Macintyre about his new role as president of the British Society for the History of Medicine and its first president, Douglas Guthrie

SN: Tell us about the British Guthrie was the In history of medicine conferences, you Society for the History of can continue to participate, and you can Medicine (BSHM). driving force in present papers if you are researching a IM: BSHM is an umbrella organisation establishing the Scottish topic, as most BSHM members seem to for a number of medical history societies be. It’s refreshing to hear papers presented throughout the UK. It was founded with Society of the History by speakers ranging from students to the four member societies and this has now of Medicine, which held occasional octogenarian. grown to 18. The society holds its congress every other year in centres around the UK, its first meeting in the SN: How did your own interest in with the prestigious Poynter Lecture taking RCSEd in 1948 medical history develop? place on alternate years in London. IM: It was stimulated by an inspiring the Faculty of History and Philosophy of history teacher at school. Then, working in SN: What part did Douglas Medicine and Pharmacy of the Worshipful Edinburgh, surrounded by so much medical Guthrie play in its foundation? Society of Apothecaries of London. history, it became a hobby, which has IM: Douglas Guthrie was an Edinburgh developed in retirement. ENT surgeon turned medical historian SN: To what extent does the who played a leading role in founding the society attract members from SN: When is the next Poynter society. After retiring from surgery, he outside the medical world? Lecture? became a full-time medical historian IM: Although most members of IM: On 12 October next year at the and gained an international the Scottish and British Society Wellcome Building Conference Centre reputation. He was the driving are from the medical world, and the lecturer will be Sam Alberti, force in establishing the there are members who are, director of museums and archives at the Scottish Society of the History or who have been, RCSEng. Sam knows our own museum of Medicine, which held its first pharmacists, dentists, nurses collection well and is currently advising meeting in the RCSEd in 1948, and librarians. Professional on the move of the Edinburgh University when he was elected its first medical historians tend to join Anatomical Museum across to Hill Square – president. He was also elected their own societies. a very exciting development, which should the first president of the BSHM, happen in 2018. which was founded in 1965 SN: What do you enjoy when the Scottish about being a part of SN: What makes Edinburgh and Society joined the society? the College a suitable host city/ with three other IM: The congresses. venue for the 2017 congress? societies: the Keeping up to date IM: Edinburgh is always attractive for Section of and hearing new visitors. The College is an ideal conference the History ideas presented venue, with modern facilities yet steeped of Medicine at conferences in history. Of course, the magnificent of the Royal was an enjoyable refurbished museum will be a powerful Society of part of surgical draw for all those interested in the Medicine, practice, but on history of medicine. The Douglas Guthrie the Osler retiring they connection was an important factor for Club of Iain Macintyre, don’t hold the me – and the Guthrie Lecture will be a London and President BSHM same relevance. highlight of the congress.

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His book Janus in the Doorway (a reference to the Roman god depicted as having two faces, one looking back, the other forward) was an eclectic collection of his many papers and lectures. Other published works include a biography of Lister, DOUGLAS GUTHRIE Lord Lister, His Life and Doctrine, and histories of the Royal Hospital for Sick Children and of Extramural Medical Education in Edinburgh. Books and writing were important in his life. He served AND HIS LEGACY as honorary librarian to the College for 19 years, and bequeathed his extensive library to the College. Iain Macintyre remembers Douglas Guthrie, the surgeon, SOCIETIES AND BEQUESTS teacher and author who left legacies as a benefactor and a Douglas Guthrie founded the Scottish Society of founder of two medical history societies the History of Medicine in 1948 and became its first president. He was also president of the Section of the History of Medicine of the Royal Society of Medicine and riginally from Dysart in Fife, Douglas first president of the British Society for the History of Guthrie (1885–1975) graduated MB ChB Douglas Guthrie, Medicine, which he had helped to found. founder of the SSHM with Honours from Edinburgh University and the BSHM His munificence as a benefactor is seen today in two in 1907. A travelling scholarship enabled eponymous trust funds, which he endowed. The Douglas Above left: the BSHM president’s badge, showing the insignia of the four founder clubs: him to pursue postgraduate studies in Guthrie Trust Fund supports research into the history of The Scottish Society for the History of Medicine, the Osler Club of London, the Section of European centres, which was followed medicine and assists toward the cost of publications on the the History of Medicine of the Royal Society of Medicine, and the Faculty of History and Oby six years in general practice. He became a Fellow of subject. The Douglas Guthrie lecture is held on alternate Philosophy of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London the RCSEd in 1914, then served with the Royal Army years, organised in turn by the two Edinburgh Medical Above right: The reverse side of the BSHM president’s badge, recording that it was donated Medical Corps in the First World War. His career as Royal Colleges. With characteristic generosity, Guthrie to the Society by Douglas Guthrie ENT surgeon to the Royal Hospital for Sick Children gifted to the BSHM the elegant presidential badge of and the Edinburgh Extra-Mural School was marked by office (pictured above right). have developed a science of robust criticism of sources. his election as president of the Section of Otology of the Guthrie’s books and the societies he founded and So, you could argue, have doctors, but historians must Royal Society of Medicine. supported were a major stimulus to the study of medical interpret these ‘facts’ in the light of the context in which Retirement from clinical practice at the age of 60 history for his and later generations. they were recorded. enabled him to pursue a second, even more successful, While medical history today is dominated by historians, career. From 1945 to 1956, he was lecturer in the history MEDICAL HISTORY TODAY increasingly doctors are taking up training in academic of medicine at Edinburgh University, succeeding his friend The study of the history of medicine today is very different history departments or learning about historiography John Comrie, author of what remains the standard work from that in Guthrie’s day. The audience at the meeting and its methodology. So the school of doctors as medical on the history of medicine in Scotland, History of Scottish that he called to propose the setting up of a Scottish historians remains alive and well. The well-researched, Medicine to 1860. Guthrie’s lecture courses were open and society of the history of medicine was composed almost detailed biography, or the account of a drug, a disease or a entirely of doctors. In the 1940s, the study of the history procedure, adds to our knowledge and can be woven into a While facts and precision of medicine was the exclusive preserve of doctors and larger tapestry by professional historians. other healthcare professionals. Their approach to history Doctors interested in this fascinating hobby would do are integral to the historian’s was to study the ‘great men’ of medicine and medical well to become familiar with the techniques of evidence discipline, the historian discoveries to try to ‘learn the lessons from the past’. gathering used by historians. Writing a historical paper has Guthrie’s A History of Medicine exemplifies this style, surprises too. Having taken PubMed for granted over the and the doctor assess making it all the more readable for doctors. years, it is a shock to find that there is no direct historical evidence differently Doctors as medical historians tended to focus on equivalent, but generic academic search engines usually disease, medical discoveries and medical ‘firsts’ from the find the information. Articles in history journals are long perspective of contemporary practice. When academic (up to 12,000 words for Medical History) and tend to have free of charge to university staff, students and graduates, historians tackled medicine, they did so with a rigorously lengthy footnotes throughout, in addition to the reference and were always well attended. His reputation was such critical approach, which also took account of the political list at the end. For those wishing to adhere to a more that he was invited to give lecture tours in the USA, South and social background. familiar style The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of America, Australasia and Europe. Doctors deal daily with facts and are schooled in Edinburgh, The Journal of Medical Biography and Vesalius are precision, be it a drug dose or some anatomical minutiae. good places to start. STYLE, AUTHORITY AND INTEGRITY They are trained in gathering evidence and assessing it Medical history may also offer the opportunity to Guthrie’s magnum opus, A History of Medicine, was critically, qualities enough surely to enable the interested supervise undergraduate SSC projects in the history of published in 1945. This was reviewed in The Observer by physician to research and write about history. However, medicine. In addition, throughout the country there are George Bernard Shaw, who pronounced it “learnedly and while facts and precision are integral to the historian’s clubs, groups and societies looking out for lecturers. And readably done... unique and well worth its price”. It went FURTHER INFORMATION discipline, the historian and the doctor assess evidence there is always the opportunity to present papers and on to multiple reprints, and German, Spanish, Italian and differently. Even medical facts and historical facts posters at the SSHM and the BSHM. Douglas Guthrie’s The British Society for the History of Medicine will hold its next congress American editions, and remains popular to this day. It has in the College on 13–16 September 2017. www.bshm.org.uk differ. There can be little doubting the gangrenous toe legacies live on and continue to flourish. since been described as “the most readable, literary and or the paralysed limb, but, dates and places excepted, The Douglas Guthrie fund is administered by the Scottish Society witty history of the profession ever written”. Guthrie’s gift historical facts are rarely pure – they are dependent Iain Macintyre of the History of Medicine. For further details about the fund and how is President of the BSHM and past was to write with an easy style while retaining authority to apply, see the society’s website: sshm.ac.uk on the accuracy of the observer or recorder, who may and academic integrity. have placed their own interpretation on them. Historians Vice-President of the RCSEd

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