United States Patent (19) 11) 4,326,523 Wolfrom et al. 45 Apr. 27, 1982

54 METHOD OF SUPPLYING in Newborn Piglets, Canadian J. comp. Med. MICRONUTRENTS TO ANIMALS 41:318-325, 1977. Webster, W.R. et al: Evaluation of Oral Iron Galactan 75 Inventors: Glen W. Wolfrom; Robert D. as a Method of Iron Supplementation for Intensively Williams, both of Terre Haute, Ind.; Housed Sucking Piglets, Australian Veterinary Journal Herbert T. Peeler, Northbrook, Ill.; 54:345-348, 1978. Richard E. Ivy, Terre Haute, Ind. Brady, P.S. et al: Evaluation of an Amino Acid-Iron 73) Assignee: International Minerals & Chemical Chelate Hematinic for the Baby Pig, J. Animal Sci. Corp., Terre Haute, Ind. 47(5):1135-40, 1978. Tait, R.M. et al: Response of Newborn Lambs to Iron (21) Appl. No.: 180,798 Dextran Injection, Can. J. Animal Science 59:809-811, 22 Filed: Aug. 25, 1980 1979. 51 Int. Cl...... A61M 7/00 Abstracts, Animal Nutrition and Health, Jan.-Feb., 52 U.S.C...... 128/260; 424/19; 1980, p. 10. 424/131 Johnson, C.M.: Selenium in the Environment, Residue 58 Field of Search ...... 128/260, 222, 223, 264, Reviews 62:102, 1976. 128/271; 424/19, 31-37, 131, 134, 140, 143, Cunha, T.J.: The Value of Feeding Selenium, Feed 144, 145, 147, 150 stuffs, May 21, 1973, p. 48. *Mollerberg, et al; Acta Vet. Scand. 16:197, 1975. 56) References Cited Primary Examiner-C. Fred Rosenbaum U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Attorney, Agent, or Firm-H. J. Barnett 3,491,187 1/1970 Ely ...... 424/18 3,499,445 3/1970 Reed ...... 28/260 57 ABSTRACT 3,952,036 4/1974 Suh ...... 260/439 A method of administering micronutrients to animals 3,975,513 8/1976 Hecht et al. ... 424/19 over extended periods by subcutaneous implant. Impor 3,991,750 1 1/1976 Vickery ...... 128/260 tant micronutrients, including iron, copper, selenium, 4,067,994 1/1978 Anderson et al...... 424/295 Zinc, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, sili 4,191,741 3/1980 Hudson et al...... 128/260 con, iodine, biotin, vitamins E and B12 are supplied 4,220, 153 9/1980 Dresback ...... 128/260 conveniently, and in positive, predetermined amounts 4,230,686 10/1980 Schopflin et al...... 128/260 by means of subcutaneously implanted pellets contain OTHER PUBLICATIONS ing the micronutrient and a suitable excipient to provide Merck Index, 9th Ed., 1976, pp. 1287-1288. controlled release of the micronutrient over an ex Ackerman, L.J., et al: Transmissible Gastroenteritis in tended period of time. One example comprises iron Three-Week-Old Pigs, Am. J. Vet. Res. 33(1): 115-120, dextran in combination with a lactose, fibrin, or other 1972. suitable excipient, in the form of a pellet which is subcu Furugouri, K.: Plasma Iron and Total Iron-Binding taneously implanted behind the ear of piglets to supply Capacity in Piglets etc., J. Animal Science sufficient iron for optimum growth and to avoid iron 34(3):421-426, 1972. deficiency anemia. Important trace elements which may Danielson, D.M., et al: Supplemental Iron for the Artifi also be administered in carefully controlled amounts in cially Reared Piglet, J. Animal Science 40(4):621-623, suitable salt forms by the method of this invention in 1975. clude nickel, tin, vanadium, fluorine and arsenic, Thoren-Tolling, K. et al: Cellular Distribution of Orally and Intramuscularly Administered Iron Dextran 16 Claims, No Drawings 4,326,523 2 cattle and chickens (0.1 ppm) and for turkeys (0.2 ppm) METHOD OF SUPPLYING MICRONUTRIENTS has been approved by FDA (21 CFR 573.920; Federal TO ANIMALS Register 44(9):5342, 1979. Implanting of poultry to sup ply micronutrients in a slow-release mode has not been BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 suggested until now, however. The importance of micronutrients in animal diets is Selenium deficiency has been reported to be associ well documented. Piglets usually suffer from iron defi ated with nutritional muscular dystrophy (white-muscle ciency, and various methods of administering supple disease, WMD) in lambs, calves and foals, and other mental iron have been described, including oral feeding diseases in poultry and swine. See: Johnson, C. M., (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,491,187 and 4,067,994); parenteral O “Selenium in the Environment', Residue Reviews administration (injection) or slow release tablets (U.S. 62:102(1976); Cunha, T. J., “The Value of Feeding Pat. Nos. 3,952,036 and 3,975,513). A substantial amount of information has been pub Selenium', Feedstuffs, May 21, 1973, page 48. At pres lished documenting various forms of iron employed to ent, the only known commercial treatment for selenium 15 deficient young lambs is subcutaneous or intramuscular treat anemia in newborn piglets: injection of an oil-based, sodium selenite-containing compound. Author(s) Title Reference Yound calves have been treated with micronutrients Ackerman, et al Transmissible Gastroenter- Am... Wet. including iron, zinc, manganese and selenium. Treating itis in Three-Week-Old. Res., Vol. 33, 20 Pigs: Study of Anemia No. 1 (January veal calves with injections of iron dextran is described and Iron Absorption 1972) in: Mollerberg et al., 1975, Acta Vet. Scand. 16:197, Furugouri, K. Plasma Iron and Total J. of Animal cited by Church, D. C. et al 1979, Digestive Physiology Iron-Binding Capacity Science, Vol. and Nutrition of Ruminants, Volume 2, O&B Books, in Piglets in Anemia and 34, No. 3, 1972 Iron Administration Inc. Corvallis, Oreg, page 130. Danielson, et al Supplemental Iron for the J. of Animal 25 Artificially Reared : Science, Vol. ' SUMMARY Piglet. 40, No. 4, 1975 Thoren-Tolling Cellular Distribution of Can. J. Comp. This invention provides a positive and reliable et al Orally and Intranuscu- Med., Volume method of administering important micronutrients to larly Administered Iron 41, 1977 30 animals over extended periods by means of slow release PigletsDextran in Newborn. pellets containing one or more of the required micronu Webster, et all Evaluation of Oral Iron Australian Wet. trients. The pellets in the required dosage are subcuta Galactan as a Method J., Volune 54, neously implanted on the animal, and gradually release of Iron Supplementation 1978 for Intensively Housed the micronutrients directly into the animal's circulatory Suckling Piglets 35 system over extended periods of time. Brady, et al Evaluation of an Amino J. of Animal This method of administering micronutrients is par Acid-Iron Chelate , Science, Volume Hernatinic for the 47, No. 5, 1978 ticularly well-suited to providing dietary iron to fast Baby Pig growing animals such as piglets, lambs, dairy and beef calves, which are susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia. In the past, iron has been administered to piglets primar Selenium is added to many poultry feeds, and is particu ily as an oral feed or by parenteral injection. In the case larly important in the diets of turkeys. Supplying micro of injections, it has been necessary to repeat the proce nutrients such as selenium by subcutaneous implant dure more than once during the growing period of the insures each bird will receive the required amount. piglets, with resultant stress, plus extra handling, which Other micronutrients which may be administered in the adds to the cost of meat production. Administration as 45 same way include: certain salt forms of copper, zinc, an oral feed is inherently uncertain. Some piglets may manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, iodine, and vitamins receive excess iron while others in the litter may not such as biotin, E and B12. Trace elements including receive enough to prevent iron deficiency anemia. nickel, tin, vanadium, fluorine and arsenic in suitable It has been reported in the literature that anemia can salt forms may also be administered by this method also occur in rapidly growing lambs under intensive 50 when a requirement for these exists due to special cir systems of management. Iron-dextran injections were Cumstances. used to combat the problem. See: Notes, Canadian Jour The implant method of the invention is convenient, nal of Animal Science 59:809–811, December 1979. and supplies premeasured amounts of the micronutri Subcutaneous implanting of iron dextran in lambs was not Suggested. w: : - ...... 55 ents in a gradual, slow release form over an extended SEA's Livestock Insects Laboratories (USDA) in period of time. The pellets include the micronutrient in Beltsville, Md., and Kerrville, Tex., have reported that a suitable form in combination with a biocompatible, grubs emerging from infested calves can be controlled absorbable excipient such as lactose, fibrin, methylcellu by the use of ear-implanted pellets which release minute lose, collagen, cholesterol, carbowax, beeswax, dibu amounts of experimental compounds. Compounds are 60 tylphthalate (DBP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), zinc reported to be under development which will be effec stearate, polylactides including a-hydroxypropionic tive against bloodsucking insects and ticks in very low acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG), sugar-starch combina dose levels in an animal's blood stream. See: Animal tions, and suitable combinations of the above. Release Nutrition and Health/January-February 1980, "Ab time may be extended as desired. Certain silicone-based stracts', page 10. * . . ; ; ; - 65 materials containing the desired micronutrients may Selenium (Se) is added to many poultry feeds, turkey also be used as removable implants so that supply of the feed in particular, to avoid selenium deficiency diseases. active material may be terminated abruptly when this is The addition of selenium to feeds for swine, sheep, desired. 4,326,523 3 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE 2 The following examples are provided to show how Another test was conducted in baby pigs, comparing the method can be applied for specific micronutrients. two iron dextran injection procedures with two differ Other specific applications are included within the 5 ent implant pellet procedures. In this comparison, fifty scope of the invention, and will be suggested by the randomly selected baby pigs (three to five days old) following examples. were assigned to four test groups as follows: EXAMPLE 1. Group I (15 pigs) initially given 1.0 ml intramuscular Baby pigs three to five days of age (thirty-five piglets) 10 injection of liquid iron dextran and same treatment were assigned to three treatments: no iron, injectable repeated two weeks later. iron dextran (100 mg iron/pig) and iron dextran in Group II (13 pigs) initially given 2.0 ml injection of plants (94.2 mg iron/pig). Blood samples were taken liquid iron dextran. initially and two weeks later to determine changes in Group III (12 pigs) iron dextran implant pellets employ hematocrit and hemoglobin. The piglets were weighed 15 ing fibrin excipient. initially and at weekly intervals for an additional three Group IV (10 pigs) iron dextran implant pellets employ weeks. The object of the test was to determine the effec tiveness of iron implants as measured by changes in ing lactose excipient. blood hemoglobin and hematocrit levels. The implant In this test, changes in body weight, blood hemoglobin pellet composition is set forth below: and hematocrit values were determined four weeks following initiation of the treatments. Each 1.0 ml of Amounts injectable iron contained 100 mg of elemental iron, Ingredients (mg per implant pellet) providing 200 mg elemental iron for pigs in Groups I Iron dextran 4. 25 and II, since all these pigs received a total of 2 ml of Fibrin (excipient) 19 Boric acid 1. injected iron dextran. The implanted pigs received pre Magnesium stearate 0.5 cipitated iron dextran in the form of subcutaneously Total 61.6 implanted pellets as follows: Group III, 203 mg elemen Iron content per implant pellet 15.7 tal iron, and Group IV, 190 mg elemental iron. (Number of inplant pellets/piglet was 6, to provide 94.2 mg) 30 The implant pellets used in this test had the following Prepared from iron dextran complex obtained from Med-Tech, Inc., Elwood, compositions: Kansas 66024 Fibrin obtained from ICN Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Plainview, New York Composition Piglets receiving injectable iron were given 1 ml of (mg per implant) injectable iron dextran (obtained from Med-Tech, Inc., 35 Elwood, Kans. 6.0024) intramuscularly in the neck pro Ingredient Group III Group IV Precipitated iron dextran 4.0 41.0 viding 100 mg iron. The iron dextran implants were in Fibrin 9.0 the form of six pellets implanted subcutaneously behind Lactose 19.0 the right ear of each piglet in this test group to provide Boric acid 1.1 1.1 a total of 94.2 mg iron. Table 1 below shows the com 40 Magnesium stearate 0.5 0.5 parison of the implant iron treatment compared to injec Iron content (analyzed) 16.9 15.8 Total iron per pig 202.8 189.6 tion treatment and a control group which received no (12 implants each pig) O TABLE 1. 45 Treatment Groups Pellet Manufacture Procedure Iron Dextran No Iron Injectable Iron Implants The precipitated iron dextran was prepared by add Observed Results (10 pigs) Dextran (12 pigs) (13 pigs) ing an equal volume of methanol to an injectable iron Hemacrit (% PCV) 26.0 35.1 34.5 50 dextran (from Med-Tech, Inc., Elwood, Kans). The Hemoglobin (g/dl) 8. 11.2 10.5 mixture is stirred, centrifuged and the supernatant is Body Weight (g) 5484 5427 5966 discarded. The material remaining is air-dried and ground prior to pelleting. The pellets weighed about All pigs nursed their dams throughout the testing 61.6 mg each and were about one-eighth inch in diame period. No supplemental feed was given to the baby 55 ter, and had a Strong Cobb Hardness of about 10. The pigs, but they did have access to their dam's feed and pellets were made by thoroughly blending the ingredi water. As shown in the above table, the hemoglobin ents and then pelleting the blended ingredients in a concentration for implanted iron was greater than the Model B-2 Stokes Rotary Tableting Machine using a controls, and the implanted iron was utilized as effec cylindrical die insert to form cylindrical pellets. The tively as injected iron in eliciting hematocrit and hemo 60 pellets were then subcutaneously implanted behind the globin responses. The above example shows that subcu ears of the test animals. The results observed in the taneous implanting of micronutrients such as iron is a subject tests indicated that lactose and fibrin perform viable alternative to injecting such materials. The satisfactorily in implant pellet formulations to permit amount of iron dextran supplied by implant in the above the controlled slow release of micronutrients, such as tests was about 6% by weight less than was supplied by 65 iron dextran. Hematocrit response and blood hemoglo injection. It is expected that the results can be made bin level for the two implant pellet groups (III and IV) even more favorable for implants with an increased were comparable to the Group II iron dextran injected dosage level per pellet. pigs. 4,326,523 5 6 EXAMPLE 3 TABLE 2-B-continued Laboratory rats were tested to determine whether Composition of Iron-Deficient Diet administration of iron by means of subcutaneously im Ingredient Per cent planted pellets is as effective as dietary iron to restore 5 Choline chloride 0.15 hematocrit and hemoglobin level of the test animal's dl-Methionine 0.15 blood. A total of 48 animals, Cox SD male rats, age 21 days were used in this test, which lasted 42 days. The The above diet was obtained from Zeigler Bros., Inc., rats were randomly allotted to eight treatment groups P.O. Box 95, Gardners, Pa. 17324. The above AIN of six rats as shown below in Table 2. 10 mineral and vitamin premixes are further described in TABLE 2 the Journal of Nutrition 107:1340 (1977). Group A two-week repletion period following administra (6 rats) Treatment tion of treatments, after which blood samples were Added dietary iron (0 ppm); placebo implant 15 again taken for determination of PCV and Hb. The 2 Added dietary-iron (3.5 ppm); placebo implant efficacy of the particular treatment was evaluated by 3 Added dietary iron (15.3 ppm); placebo implant the relative increase in PCV and Hb levels of the blood 4 Iron deficient diet; precipitated iron dextran implant (10.8% Fe) during the repletion period. 5 Iron deficient diet; ferrous chloride implant Comparison of the test results in all groups showed (12.2% Fe) 20 that iron dextran administered in the form of implants 6 Iron deficient diet; ferrous fumarate implant was just as effective as dietary iron in restoring the (12.9% Fe) 7 Iron deficient diet; ferrous sulfate implant hematocrit and hemoglobin level of blood in the test (11.6% Fe) animals. 8 Iron deficient diet; reduced electrolytic iron implant (12.8% Fe) 25 EXAMPLE 4 When Example 1 is repeated, with newborn lambs The above test animals were then placed on a meal type instead of piglets, and with the dosage adjusted as nec iron deficient diet (7.5 ppm Fe) and deionized water ad essary for the size of the lambs, the results of this test are libitum. After four weeks of the above diet, the animals expected to be in agreement with the results obtained were bled to determine hematocrit (PCV) and hemo- 30 with newborn pigs. It can be concluded that subcutane globin (Hb) levels. Treatments were then begun accord ous implanting of iron dextran pellets is a viable alterna ing to Table 2. Groups 2 and 3 received iron in the form tive for supplying dietary iron to newborn lambs. of ferrous sulfate heptahydrate. The Groups. 1-3 ani mals also received placebo implants containing no iron. EXAMPLE 5 The animals in Groups 4-8 continued to receive the iron 35 When Example 1 is repeated, with newborn calves deficient diet in addition to the indicated implants con instead of piglets, and with the dosage adjusted for the taining specific forms of iron. relatively larger size of the calves, the results are ex Each implant pellet weighed about 61.6 mg, was pected to be in agreement with the results obtained one-eighth inch in diameter and was compressed to using newborn pigs. Subcutaneous implanting of iron about 5 SCHU. The pellets were implanted subcutane- 40 dextran pellets is a viable alternative for supplying di ously in the mid-scapular region of the test animals. etary iron to newborn calves. Other micronutrients, Each implant was formulated to provide approximately including zinc, manganese, selenium, copper, cobalt, eight mg of iron per test animal. The compositions of molybdenum, chromium, silicon, iodine, biotin, vita the implant pellets are set forth below in Table 2-A. mins E and B12 may also be supplied to bovine animals TABLE 2-A 45 in this same way. Composition of Implants EXAMPLE 6 Fer- Fer Iron rous OS A test group of selenium deficient lambs (2 weeks of Dex- Chlor- Fumar- Ferrous Reduced Place Ingredients tran ide ate Sulfate Iron bo 50 age) can be implanted with pellets containing sodium Iron source 18.2 18.2 24.2 22.2 8.3 O selenite in an absorbable formulation to provide a mini Fibrin 20.0 200 200 20.0 20.0 20.0 mum of 3.3 mg of selenium during the critical first eight Lactose 21.8 2.8 15.8 17.8 31.7 40.0 weeks. This group of lambs is compared to a second Boric acid 1.1 1.1 1. 1.1 i. 1.1 group receiving two 1 ml injections of selenium con Magnesium 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 taining a total of 2 mg selenium during the first eight stearate 55 week test period, both test groups also receiving vita min E. Tests of the lambs will show that both test The iron deficient diet composition is set forth below in groups recover from the initial selenium deficiency, and Table 2-B. neither group shows any symptoms of nutritional mus TABLE 2-B 60 cular dystrophy which was evident in another group of Composition of Iron-Deficient Diet lambs which were continued on a selenium deficient Ingredient Per cent diet for an eight week test period. The above results Glucose 50.25 show that trace minerals, such as selenium, can be effec Corn starch 15.00 tively supplied by subcutaneous implant as a viable Vitamin-free casein 20,00 65 alternative to intramuscular injection. Gelatin 5.00 Corn oil 5.00 Other possible compounds which can be incorpo AIN mineral premix (no iron) 3.50 rated into implant pellets to administer the various mi AIN vitamin premix 1.00 cronutrients to the host animal are listed below. 4,326,523 7 8 Iron may also be in the form of ferric hydroxide. Iron methylcellulose, collagen, cholesterol, carbowax, bees dextran is the presently preferred form of iron for im wax, dibutylphthalate (DBP), polyvinylpyrolidone plant pellets, however. (PVP), zinc stearate, polyactides including a-hydroxy Copper may be in the form of cupric sulfate; cupric propionic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG), sugar sulfate, pentahydrate; cupric acetate; cupric butyrate; 5 starch combinations and suitable combinations of the cupric citrate; cupric glycinate; cupric selenate; cupric above. selenide; cupric selenite; cupric tartrate; and cuprous 2. The method of claim 1 in which the micronutrient selenide. comprises iron in the form of iron dextran, and the In addition to sodium selenite, selenium may be in the meat-producing animal which is implanted with said form of sodium selenate, potassium selenide, potassium 10 absorbable pellet is selected from the group consisting selenite, calcium selenate, magnesium selenate, magne of baby pigs, lambs, dairy calves and beef calves. sium selenite, manganese selenide, cupric selenate, cu 3. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutrient pric selenide, cupric selenite, cuprous selenide and zinc is copper in the form of one or more compounds of selenate. copper selected from the group consisting of cupric Cobalt can be delivered in the form of cobaltic ace 15 sulfate; cupric sulfate, pentahydrate; cupric acetate; tate, cobaltous acetate, cobaltous iodide, cobaltous oxa cupric butyrate; cupric citrate; cupric glycinate; cupric late, cobaltous sulfate. selanate; cupric selenide; cupric tartrate; and cuprous Molybdenum can be in the form of molybdenum selenide. sesquioxide, sodium molybdate (VI), potassium molyb 4. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutrient date (VI), sodium molybdate dihydrate and sodium 20 is selenium in the form of one or more compounds of molybdate pentahydrate. selenium selected from the group consisting of sodium Chromium compounds useful in the method of this selenite, sodium selenate, potassium selenide, potassium invention include: chromic acetate, chromic potassium selenate, calcium selenate, calcium selenide, magnesium oxalate, chronic potassium sulfate and chromic sulfate. selenate, magnesium selenite, manganese selenide, cu Silicon may take the form of sodium metasilicate and 25 pric selenate, cupric selenide, cupric selenite, cuprous potassium metasilicate. selenide and zinc selenate. Possible compounds to provide zinc include zinc 5. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutrient acetate, zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide, zinc citrate, zinc is cobalt in the form of one or more compounds selected dichromate (VI), zinc iodate, zinc iodide, zinc lactate, from the group consisting of cobaltic acetate, cobaltous zinc perchlorate, zinc selenate, zinc selenide and zinc 30 acetate, cobaltous iodide, cobaltous oxalate and cobal sulfate. tous sulfate. Manganese may be administered in pellet form as 6. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutrient manganese acetate; manganese iodide; and manganese is molybdenum in the form of one or more compounds sulfate. selected from the group consisting of molybdenum Iodine compounds expected to be administered by 35 sesquioxide, sodium molybdate (VI), potassium molyb pellet include manganese iodide, zinc iodide, zinc io date (VI), sodium molybdate dihydrate and sodium date, cuprous iodide, cobaltous iodide, ferrous iodide, molybdate pentahydrate. iodine colloidal, potassium iodide, potassium iodate, 7. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutrient calcium iodide, sodium iodate and sodium iodide. is chromium in the form of one or more compounds Vitamin E can be administered as a-tocopherol, (3- 40 selected from the group consisting of chromic acetate, tocopherol, y-tocopherol, 8-tocopherol, a-tocopheryl chromic potassium oxalate, chromic potassium sulfate acetate, a-tocopherol acetate, either in pure form or in and chromic sulfate. mixtures. The d-form of a tocopherol acetate and race 8. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutrient mic mixtures of d1-a-tocopherol acetate are presently is silicon in the form of one or more compounds Se preferred. Vitamin B12 is conveniently administered in 45 lected from the group consisting of sodium metasilicate, the form of cyanocobalamin with a suitable diluent, and potassium silicate and combinations thereof. can be mixed with a suitable excipient and pelleted for 9. The method of supplying a trace element to ani slow release as needed. mals comprising formulating the trace element in a slow In each case, the dosage level of the particular micro release pellet in combination with a biocompatible car nutrient is adjusted to provide the appropriate amount 50 rier, and subcutaneously implanting said pellet in an of the micronutrient over the required time period. In animal to thereby slowly release said trace element some applications, multiple pellet implants will be re directly into said animal's circulatory system, said trace quired to provide enough micronutrient to the host element being selected from the group consisting of animal. nickel, tin, vanadium fluorine and arsenic in suitable salt We claim: 55 forms, and combinations thereof. 1. A method of supplying a micronutrient to meat 10. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutri producing animals comprising formulating the micro ent is zinc in the form of one or more compounds of zinc nutrient in a slow release, absorbable pellet in combina selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, zinc tion with a biocompatible, absorbable carrier, and sub chromate (VI) hydroxide, zinc citrate, zinc dichromate cutaneously implanting said pellet in a meat-producing (VI), zinc iodate, zinc iodide, zinc lactate, zinc perchlo animal to thereby slowly release said micronutrient rate, zinc selenate, zinc selenide and zinc sulfate. directly into the animal's circulatory system as said 11. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutri pellet is absorbed, said micronutrient being selected ent is manganese in the form of one or more compounds from the group consisting of suitable compositions con selected from the group consisting of manganese ace taining iron, copper, selenium, zinc, manganese, iodine, 65 tate; manganese iodide; and manganese sulfate. cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, silicon, biotin, vitamin 12. The method of claim 1, in which the micronutri E and vitamin B12, and said absorbable carrier being ent is iodine in the form of one or more compounds Selected from the group consisting of lactose, fibrin, selected from the group consisting of manganese iodide, 4,326,523 10 zinc iodide, zinc iodate, cuprous iodide, cobaltous io tate; cupric butyrate; cupric citrate; cupric glycinate; dide, ferrous iodide, iodine colloidal, potassium iodide, cupric selenate; cupric selenide; cupric tartrate; cuprous potassium iodate, calcium iodide, sodium iodate and selenide; sodium selenite; sodium selenate; potassium sodium iodide. selenide; potassium selenate; calcium selenate; calcium 13. The method of claim 1, in which the pellet in selenide; magnesium selenate; magnesium selenite; cu cludes biotin. pric selenate; cupric selenide; cupric selenite; cuprous 14. The method of claim 1, in which the pellet in selenide; zinc selenate; cobaltic acetate; cobaltous ace cludes Vitamin E in the form selected from the group tate; cobaltous iodide; cobaltous oxalate; cobaltous sul consisting of a-tocopherol, 3-tocopherol, y-tocopherol, fate; molybdenum sesquioxide; sodium molybdate (VI); 6-tocopherol, a-tocopheryl acetate, dl-a-tocopherol 10 acetate, and combinations thereof. potassium molybdate (VI); sodium molybdate dihy 15. The method of claim 1, in which the pellet in drate; sodium molybdate pentahydrate; chromic ace cludes Vitamin B12 in the form of cyanocobalamin. tate; chromic potassium oxalate; chromic potassium 16. An absorbable implant pellet for supplying micro sulfate; chromic sulfate; sodium metasilicate; potassium nutrients to a host animal when said pellet is subcutane 15 silicate; zinc acetate; zinc chromate (VI) hydroxide; ously implanted in said host animal, said pellet compris zinc citrate; zinc dichromate (VI); zinc iodate; zinc ing a biocompatible, absorbable carrier selected from iodide, zinc lactate; zinc perchlorate; zinc selenate; zinc the group consisting of lactose, fibrin, methylcellulose, selenide; zinc sulfate; manganese acetate; manganese collagen, cholesterol, carbowax, beeswax, dibutylph iodide; manganese sulfate; manganese iodide; zinc thalate (DBP), polyvinylpyrolidone (PVP), zinc stea 20 iodode; zinc iodate; cuprous iodide; cobaltous iodide; rate, polylactides including a-hydroxypropionic acid, ferrous iodide; iodine colloidal; potassium iodide; potas polyethylene glycol (PEG), sugar-starch combinations, sium iodate; calcium iodide; sodium iodate; sodium silicon-based materials, and suitable combinations of the iodide; biotin; a-tocopherol, 3-tocopherol, y-toco above and one or more micronutrients in the form of pherol, 8-tocopherol, a-tocopheryl acetate, a-toco one or more compounds selected from the group con 25 pherol acetate, dl-a-tocopherol acetate, cyanocobala sisting of precipitated iron dextran; ferric hydroxide; min and mixtures thereof. cupric sulfate; cupric sulfate, pentahydrate; cupric ace k t

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65 UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION PATENT NO. : 4, 326,523 DATED : April 27, l982 NVENTOR(S) : Glen W. Wolfrom et all it is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby Corrected as shown below:

Column 2, line 18, "yound" should read -- young -- Column 7 line ll, "selenite" should read -- selenate -- Column 8, line 3, Claim l, "polyactides" should read -- polylactides -- eigned and Scaled this Third Day of May 1983 SEAL w

GERALD J. MOSSINGHOFF Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks