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United States Patent (19) 11) 4,326,523 Wolfrom Et Al

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United States Patent (19) 11) 4,326,523 Wolfrom Et Al United States Patent (19) 11) 4,326,523 Wolfrom et al. 45 Apr. 27, 1982 54 METHOD OF SUPPLYING in Newborn Piglets, Canadian J. comp. Med. MICRONUTRENTS TO ANIMALS 41:318-325, 1977. Webster, W.R. et al: Evaluation of Oral Iron Galactan 75 Inventors: Glen W. Wolfrom; Robert D. as a Method of Iron Supplementation for Intensively Williams, both of Terre Haute, Ind.; Housed Sucking Piglets, Australian Veterinary Journal Herbert T. Peeler, Northbrook, Ill.; 54:345-348, 1978. Richard E. Ivy, Terre Haute, Ind. Brady, P.S. et al: Evaluation of an Amino Acid-Iron 73) Assignee: International Minerals & Chemical Chelate Hematinic for the Baby Pig, J. Animal Sci. Corp., Terre Haute, Ind. 47(5):1135-40, 1978. Tait, R.M. et al: Response of Newborn Lambs to Iron (21) Appl. No.: 180,798 Dextran Injection, Can. J. Animal Science 59:809-811, 22 Filed: Aug. 25, 1980 1979. 51 Int. Cl. ............................................... A61M 7/00 Abstracts, Animal Nutrition and Health, Jan.-Feb., 52 U.S.C. ...................................... 128/260; 424/19; 1980, p. 10. 424/131 Johnson, C.M.: Selenium in the Environment, Residue 58 Field of Search ............... 128/260, 222, 223, 264, Reviews 62:102, 1976. 128/271; 424/19, 31-37, 131, 134, 140, 143, Cunha, T.J.: The Value of Feeding Selenium, Feed 144, 145, 147, 150 stuffs, May 21, 1973, p. 48. *Mollerberg, et al; Acta Vet. Scand. 16:197, 1975. 56) References Cited Primary Examiner-C. Fred Rosenbaum U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS Attorney, Agent, or Firm-H. J. Barnett 3,491,187 1/1970 Ely ...................................... 424/18 3,499,445 3/1970 Reed .................................... 28/260 57 ABSTRACT 3,952,036 4/1974 Suh ............. ... 260/439 A method of administering micronutrients to animals 3,975,513 8/1976 Hecht et al. ... 424/19 over extended periods by subcutaneous implant. Impor 3,991,750 1 1/1976 Vickery .............. ... 128/260 tant micronutrients, including iron, copper, selenium, 4,067,994 1/1978 Anderson et al. .................. 424/295 Zinc, manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, chromium, sili 4,191,741 3/1980 Hudson et al. ..... ... 128/260 con, iodine, biotin, vitamins E and B12 are supplied 4,220, 153 9/1980 Dresback ............................ 128/260 conveniently, and in positive, predetermined amounts 4,230,686 10/1980 Schopflin et al.................... 128/260 by means of subcutaneously implanted pellets contain OTHER PUBLICATIONS ing the micronutrient and a suitable excipient to provide Merck Index, 9th Ed., 1976, pp. 1287-1288. controlled release of the micronutrient over an ex Ackerman, L.J., et al: Transmissible Gastroenteritis in tended period of time. One example comprises iron Three-Week-Old Pigs, Am. J. Vet. Res. 33(1): 115-120, dextran in combination with a lactose, fibrin, or other 1972. suitable excipient, in the form of a pellet which is subcu Furugouri, K.: Plasma Iron and Total Iron-Binding taneously implanted behind the ear of piglets to supply Capacity in Piglets etc., J. Animal Science sufficient iron for optimum growth and to avoid iron 34(3):421-426, 1972. deficiency anemia. Important trace elements which may Danielson, D.M., et al: Supplemental Iron for the Artifi also be administered in carefully controlled amounts in cially Reared Piglet, J. Animal Science 40(4):621-623, suitable salt forms by the method of this invention in 1975. clude nickel, tin, vanadium, fluorine and arsenic, Thoren-Tolling, K. et al: Cellular Distribution of Orally and Intramuscularly Administered Iron Dextran 16 Claims, No Drawings 4,326,523 2 cattle and chickens (0.1 ppm) and for turkeys (0.2 ppm) METHOD OF SUPPLYING MICRONUTRIENTS has been approved by FDA (21 CFR 573.920; Federal TO ANIMALS Register 44(9):5342, 1979. Implanting of poultry to sup ply micronutrients in a slow-release mode has not been BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 suggested until now, however. The importance of micronutrients in animal diets is Selenium deficiency has been reported to be associ well documented. Piglets usually suffer from iron defi ated with nutritional muscular dystrophy (white-muscle ciency, and various methods of administering supple disease, WMD) in lambs, calves and foals, and other mental iron have been described, including oral feeding diseases in poultry and swine. See: Johnson, C. M., (U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,491,187 and 4,067,994); parenteral O “Selenium in the Environment', Residue Reviews administration (injection) or slow release tablets (U.S. 62:102(1976); Cunha, T. J., “The Value of Feeding Pat. Nos. 3,952,036 and 3,975,513). A substantial amount of information has been pub Selenium', Feedstuffs, May 21, 1973, page 48. At pres lished documenting various forms of iron employed to ent, the only known commercial treatment for selenium 15 deficient young lambs is subcutaneous or intramuscular treat anemia in newborn piglets: injection of an oil-based, sodium selenite-containing compound. Author(s) Title Reference Yound calves have been treated with micronutrients Ackerman, et al Transmissible Gastroenter- Am... Wet. including iron, zinc, manganese and selenium. Treating itis in Three-Week-Old. Res., Vol. 33, 20 Pigs: Study of Anemia No. 1 (January veal calves with injections of iron dextran is described and Iron Absorption 1972) in: Mollerberg et al., 1975, Acta Vet. Scand. 16:197, Furugouri, K. Plasma Iron and Total J. of Animal cited by Church, D. C. et al 1979, Digestive Physiology Iron-Binding Capacity Science, Vol. and Nutrition of Ruminants, Volume 2, O&B Books, in Piglets in Anemia and 34, No. 3, 1972 Iron Administration Inc. Corvallis, Oreg, page 130. Danielson, et al Supplemental Iron for the J. of Animal 25 Artificially Reared : Science, Vol. ' SUMMARY Piglet. 40, No. 4, 1975 Thoren-Tolling Cellular Distribution of Can. J. Comp. This invention provides a positive and reliable et al Orally and Intranuscu- Med., Volume method of administering important micronutrients to larly Administered Iron 41, 1977 30 animals over extended periods by means of slow release PigletsDextran in Newborn. pellets containing one or more of the required micronu Webster, et all Evaluation of Oral Iron Australian Wet. trients. The pellets in the required dosage are subcuta Galactan as a Method J., Volune 54, neously implanted on the animal, and gradually release of Iron Supplementation 1978 for Intensively Housed the micronutrients directly into the animal's circulatory Suckling Piglets 35 system over extended periods of time. Brady, et al Evaluation of an Amino J. of Animal This method of administering micronutrients is par Acid-Iron Chelate , Science, Volume Hernatinic for the 47, No. 5, 1978 ticularly well-suited to providing dietary iron to fast Baby Pig growing animals such as piglets, lambs, dairy and beef calves, which are susceptible to iron-deficiency anemia. In the past, iron has been administered to piglets primar Selenium is added to many poultry feeds, and is particu ily as an oral feed or by parenteral injection. In the case larly important in the diets of turkeys. Supplying micro of injections, it has been necessary to repeat the proce nutrients such as selenium by subcutaneous implant dure more than once during the growing period of the insures each bird will receive the required amount. piglets, with resultant stress, plus extra handling, which Other micronutrients which may be administered in the adds to the cost of meat production. Administration as 45 same way include: certain salt forms of copper, zinc, an oral feed is inherently uncertain. Some piglets may manganese, cobalt, molybdenum, iodine, and vitamins receive excess iron while others in the litter may not such as biotin, E and B12. Trace elements including receive enough to prevent iron deficiency anemia. nickel, tin, vanadium, fluorine and arsenic in suitable It has been reported in the literature that anemia can salt forms may also be administered by this method also occur in rapidly growing lambs under intensive 50 when a requirement for these exists due to special cir systems of management. Iron-dextran injections were Cumstances. used to combat the problem. See: Notes, Canadian Jour The implant method of the invention is convenient, nal of Animal Science 59:809–811, December 1979. and supplies premeasured amounts of the micronutri Subcutaneous implanting of iron dextran in lambs was not Suggested. w: : - . 55 ents in a gradual, slow release form over an extended SEA's Livestock Insects Laboratories (USDA) in period of time. The pellets include the micronutrient in Beltsville, Md., and Kerrville, Tex., have reported that a suitable form in combination with a biocompatible, grubs emerging from infested calves can be controlled absorbable excipient such as lactose, fibrin, methylcellu by the use of ear-implanted pellets which release minute lose, collagen, cholesterol, carbowax, beeswax, dibu amounts of experimental compounds. Compounds are 60 tylphthalate (DBP), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), zinc reported to be under development which will be effec stearate, polylactides including a-hydroxypropionic tive against bloodsucking insects and ticks in very low acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG), sugar-starch combina dose levels in an animal's blood stream. See: Animal tions, and suitable combinations of the above. Release Nutrition and Health/January-February 1980, "Ab time may be extended as desired. Certain silicone-based stracts', page 10. * . ; ; ; - 65 materials containing the desired micronutrients may Selenium (Se) is added to many poultry feeds, turkey also be used as removable implants so that supply of the feed in particular, to avoid selenium deficiency diseases. active material may be terminated abruptly when this is The addition of selenium to feeds for swine, sheep, desired. 4,326,523 3 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION EXAMPLE 2 The following examples are provided to show how Another test was conducted in baby pigs, comparing the method can be applied for specific micronutrients. two iron dextran injection procedures with two differ Other specific applications are included within the 5 ent implant pellet procedures.
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