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The Lino Site: a Stratified Late Archaic Campsite in a Terrace of the San Idelfonzo Creek, Webb County, Southern Texas

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The Lino Site: a Stratified Late Archaic Campsite in a Terrace of the San Idelfonzo Creek, Webb County, Southern Texas Volume 2000 Article 11 2000 The Lino Site: A Stratified Late Archaic Campsite in a Terrace of the San Idelfonzo Creek, Webb County, Southern Texas J. Michael Quigg Chris Lintz Texas State University, [email protected] Grant Smith Scott Wilcox Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Quigg, J. Michael; Lintz, Chris; Smith, Grant; and Wilcox, Scott (2000) "The Lino Site: A Stratified Late Archaic Campsite in a Terrace of the San Idelfonzo Creek, Webb County, Southern Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2000, Article 11. https://doi.org/ 10.21112/ita.2000.1.11 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2000/iss1/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Lino Site: A Stratified Late Archaic Campsite in a Terrace of the San Idelfonzo Creek, Webb County, Southern Texas Licensing Statement This is a work produced for the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) by the report producer. TxDOT and the report producer jointly own all rights, title, and interest in and to all intellectual property developed under TxDOT’s contract with the report producer. The report may be cited and brief passages from this publication may be reproduced without permission provided that credit is given to both TxDOT and the report producer. Permission to reprint an entire chapter, section, figures or tables must be obtained in advance from either the Supervisor of the Archeological Studies Branch, Environmental Affairs Division, Texas Department of Transportation, 125 East 11th Street, Austin, Texas, 78701 or from the report producer. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2000/iss1/11 The Lino Site: A Stratified Late Archaic Campsite in a Terrace of the San Idelfonzo Creek, Webb County, Southern Texas by J. Michael Quigg withfcontributionsf rom Chris Lintz, Grant Smith, and Scott Wilcox Technical Report No. 23756 TRCAMariahA ssociatesAInc. Austin, Texas Environmental Affairs Division Archeological Studies Program, Report No.20 Principal Investigator Chris Lintz, Ph.D. Texas Antiquities Permit No. 1996 February 2000 The Lino Site: A Stratified Late Archaic Campsite in a Terrace of the San Idelfonzo Creek, Webb County, Southern Texas by J. Michael Quigg withfcontributionsf rom Chris Lintz, Grant Smith, and Scott Wilcox Technical Report No. 23756 TRCAMariahA ssociatesAInc. Austin, Texas or Environmental Affairs Division Archeological Studies Program, Report No. 20 Principal Investigator Chris Lintz, Ph.D. Texas Antiquities Permit No. 1996 February 2000 i EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Archeologists from TRC Mariah Associates Inc. four-liter flotation samples from 29 vertical of Austin conducted mitigation excavations at columns systematically spaced every 2 m across the Lino site (41WB437) during a six-week the excavation balks. These float samples were period in April and May 1998 under contract collected from the northwest corner of every with the Texas Department of Transportation, other hand excavation unit. Flotation results Environmental Affairs Division. The prehistoric from eight analyzed columns of samples were archeological site was within the right-of-way the basis for assessing the recovery rate from of the planned expansion of Highway 83, south hand excavated units immediately adjacent to of Laredo. A single 196 m2 block measuring 7 the selected columns. m north-south by 28 m east-west was investigated following requirements of a contract The 235 m3 block investigation yielded that stipulated a three-pronged approach to data quantities of cultural materials relatively well recovery. First, a Gradall™ was employed to stratified throughout the 120+ cm deposits. At carefully strip 2 to 4 cm thick layers in eight 3 least five and possibly six cultural occupation m wide areas within the block. Balks measuring zones were more or less horizontally distributed 80 cm wide by 120 cm tall were left standing across the excavation block. Based on three between each 3 m wide Gradall™ -stripped area. wood charcoal dates from the testing phase and The material discovered in situ during the nine radiometric dates from the mitigation phase, Gradall™ stripping was plotted using a total all occupations occurred during a 1,400-year data station. When clusters of cultural materials period between ca. 2000 and 3400 B.P. The were encountered during the Gradall™ occupations yielded quantities of scattered stripping, these were designated as features, and burned sandstone, 22 burned rock dumps, three a series of manual excavations in 1 by 1 m units burned rock-filled pits, one charcoal stained were dug around each feature. The matrix hearth, two mussel shell concentrations, and one surrounding these features was screened and in mano cluster. Also recovered were quantities situ data recorded with the total data station. of lithic debitage, a few mussel shells, and sparse Feature matrix was collected and floated in the formal stone tools including fewer than a dozen laboratory. A total of 124 m 2 were hand ground stone implements. Virtually no bone or excavated around 24 recognized features burned subsistence remains, and relatively few discovered during Gradall™ stripping. Upon Rabdotus shells were recovered. Chipped stone reaching the target depth of 120 cm below the tools included 24 whole and fragmented surface, the Gradall™ stripping ceased, having projectile points, 46 bifaces, 18 scrapers, two mechanically removed 187 m3 of deposits. drills, three hammerstones, and at least 202 edge- modified flakes. The ground stone tools The second field approach was the hand included five manos and eight abraders. One excavation and screening of matrix from the 80 mussel shell pendant with a single drilled hole cm wide by 7 m long standing balks. The total and notched edges was also recovered. The data station was used to plot most in situ material occupation zones yielded sparse diagnostics in greater than 5 cm in diameter from the 48 m3 the form of 11 Tortugas projectile points, one hand-excavated balks. In conjunction with the Matamoros point, and five Refugio points. hand excavations of the linear balks, the third Occupations 2 and 6 did not yield diagnostic field approach involved the collection of 348 projectiles, and the latter may not represent a 23756ATRCA ariahA ssociatesAInc. LinoASite:A AStratifiedALateA rchaicACampsite ii ExecutiveASummary discrete occupation. Occupation 5 was related The burned rock clusters dominate the features to the Refugio points and dated to about 3200 (67 percent) and contained from four to 80 B.P. Occupations 1, 3, and 4 were related to the burned sandstone rocks. These loosely clustered Tortugas and Matamoros points and dated to but unpatterned rocks were associated with between 2000 and 3000 B.P. sparse wood charcoal chunks and mostly sparse chert debitage. All four basin features yielded Thirty-six features (8 through 43) were quantities of charcoal, and three of these were recognized during the mitigation investigations. deeper basins filled with burned rocks. Formal These included 22 burned rock clusters, three stone tools were rarely found immediately rock filled basins, three occupation lenses, two adjacent to the burned rock pit features. The fresh water mussel shell clusters, one flake mitigation results contribute significant concentration, one mano cluster, one charcoal information about the nature and diversity of stained basin hearth, and at least one burned root. Late Archaic adaptations in extreme south Texas. LinoASite:A AStratifiedALateA rchaicACampsite 23756ATRCA ariahA ssociatesAInc. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The 1998 data recovery investigations at the Lino positive attitude helped to accomplish the work site by staff from TRC Mariah Associates Inc. of on time and in a professional manner. Austin and sponsored by the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental A ffairs The Texas Historical Commission staff members Division, were facilitated by the hard work and are thanked, especially Myles Miller for his various contributions of many individuals, comments into the planning and oversight of the organizations, and companies. Briefly, I want to project. Bill Martin made a brief visit to the site thank all those who contributed to help preserve during the period of the hand excavations. a small part of Texas prehistory through this investigation, even though their collective The field crew persevered through one of the contributions appeared to be disjointed. hottest field periods on record. Despite windy conditions and an atmosphere filled with smoke I thank the Texas Department of Transportation from the Central American fires, they were able personnel in the Environmental Affairs Division, to complete the excavations on time and in a especially Dr. Nancy Kenmotsu,
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