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Informaziorik Eza, Informaziorik Alba Linares Quero Paz Con Dignidad - Biladi La Desinformación Informaziorik Eza Paz Con Dignidad - Biladi

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Informaziorik Eza, Informaziorik Alba Linares Quero Paz Con Dignidad - Biladi La Desinformación Informaziorik Eza Paz Con Dignidad - Biladi 2012ko urria 2012ko Paz Con Dignidad - Biladi - Dignidad Con Paz El País eta El Mundo egunkarietan Mundo El eta País El Gazako erasoaren kasua erasoaren Gazako okupazioan Palestinako Palestinako legitimazio arma bat arma legitimazio Informaziorik eza, Informaziorik Paz Con Dignidad - BiladiAlba Linares Quero La desinformación Informaziorik eza Informaziorik Alba Linares Quero Linares Alba Paz Con Dignidad - Biladi - Dignidad Con Paz La desinformación, un arma de legitimación en la Ocupación de Palestina El caso del ataque a Gaza en los diarios El País y El Mundo Paz Con Dignidad - Biladi Octubre 2012 Bizkaiko Foru Aldundiaren iritzia islatzen. iritzia Aldundiaren Foru Bizkaiko Publikazio honen edukiek ez dute zerta zerta dute ez edukiek honen Publikazio Babeslea: Gidoia eta zuzendaritza / Guión y dirección: Helena Bengoetxea Argazkigintza / Fotografía: Ruben Marcilla Jatorrizko musika / Música original: Aitor Ortiz Produkzio exekutiboa / Producción ejecutiva: Eneko Calle Alberto Arcek eta Mohammah Rujailah-ak egindako “To shot an Elephant” dokumentalerako jatorrizko irudi batzuk erabili ditugu, egileen baimenari esker, nahitaezkoak gure dokumentala egiteko. Se incluyen grabaciones originales del documental “To Shot an elephant” de Alberto Arce y Mohammad Rujailah, sin la cesión de las cuales este documental no hubiera sido posible. Bideo hau Creative Commons Aitortu-ezKomertziala-LanEratorririkGabe (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) lizentziapean dago Bajo licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-noComercial-SinObraDerivada 3.0 (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) Financiado por: Los contenidos de esta publicación no refl ejan necesariamente la opinión de la Diputacion Foral de Bizkaia. Alba Linares Quero La desinformación, un arma de legitimación en la Ocupación de Palestina El caso del Ataque a Gaza en los diarios El País y El Mundo Paz Con Dignidad - Biladi Octubre, 2012 Los derechos de las imágenes que contiene este documento pertenecen a sus autores y han sido utilizadas con propósitos exclusivamente educacionales. Por respeto a los derechos de autor, las personas y entidades sin ánimo de lucro involucradas en este proyecto, se comprometen a no realizar un uso comercial de las mismas. Autora: Alba Linares Quero Coordinador: Eneko Calle García Revisión: Luis Nieto y Fernando Sancho Corrección de textos: Sandra Barrilaro Diseño y maquetación: Gonzalo Trigueros Traducción: Hori-Hori S.A. Imprenta: SACAL Editado por: Paz Con Dignidad y BILADI, Octubre 2012 Índice Introducción ............................................................................................................. 5 Capítulo I. Cómo (des)informan los medios de comunicación de masas ............................... 9 1. El modelo de comunicación actual ..................................................................9 1.1. El papel de los medios de comunicación en las sociedades democráticas .... 9 1.2. La mercantilización de los medios de comunicación .................................... 12 1.3. La sociedad hipermediatizada .......................................................................14 2. La (des)información existente en torno al confl icto palestino-israelí .........14 2.1. La batalla histórica, dialéctica y simbólica del confl icto .............................. 14 2.2. El pensamiento hegemónico occidental ....................................................... 15 2.3. Una mediatización descompensada ..............................................................17 2.4. Percepciones manipuladas ............................................................................17 2.5. El lenguaje ......................................................................................................20 Capítulo II. Una mirada histórica a la Ocupación de Palestina ............................................. 23 1. La importancia de los orígenes en el confl icto palestino-israelí: la Nakba y el derecho al retorno de los refugiados .................................... 23 2. La causa del confl icto es la Ocupación ..........................................................25 3. La vida cotidiana impuesta por el apartheid ................................................26 Capítulo III. El caso del ataque a Gaza en los principales diarios españoles, El País y El Mundo ................................................................................................. 29 1. El ataque a Gaza .............................................................................................29 1.1. La vida en la Franja de Gaza ..........................................................................29 1.2. Antecedentes del ataque ...............................................................................30 1.3. La Operación Plomo Fundido ........................................................................ 33 1.4. La censura de los medios de comunicación .................................................. 35 2. Análisis de la información publicada por El País y El Mundo ...................... 36 2.1. La cobertura mediática .................................................................................. 36 2.2. La portada y los titulares................................................................................ 38 2.3. Las imágenes y viñetas ................................................................................... 40 2.4. Los mensajes ...................................................................................................44 2.5. El lenguaje ......................................................................................................61 2.6. La líneas editoriales ........................................................................................65 2.7. Las voces protagonistas ..................................................................................68 Conclusiones .......................................................................................................... 71 Anexo: Tablas sobre cobertura mediática de El Mundo y El País ...................... 74 Bibliografía ............................................................................................................. 76 LA DESINFORMACIÓN / 3 Introducción “Los periódicos comenzaron a existir para decir la verdad y hoy existen para impedir que la verdad se diga” (G.K. Chesterton, 1917) La situación de apartheid que vive la población pales- Estado español, éstos son, El País y El Mundo. El 27 de tina, la parsimonia e hipocresía de la comunidad in- diciembre de 2008 las fuerzas militares israelíes comen- ternacional y la impunidad de la que goza Israel ante zaron una ofensiva de 22 días en Gaza, bajo el pseudó- la sistemática violación de los derechos humanos son nimo de “Operación Plomo Fundido”, que terminó el 18 hechos que nos provocan profundos sentimientos de de enero de 2009. La pregunta que nos planteamos es indignación e injusticia. Fruto de ello nace nuestra so- cómo los periódicos El País y El Mundo informaron sobre lidaridad con el pueblo palestino y el deseo de que con estos hechos y si otorgaron a sus lectores y lectoras la iniciativas como ésta podamos contribuir en algo al de- información necesaria para comprender el confl icto así bate y a la acción. como las causas e implicaciones del asalto a Gaza. La situación de desinformación existente en torno al En el primer capítulo de este trabajo explicamos las confl icto palestino-israelí es una de las claves que ex- grandes líneas del modelo de comunicación que afec- plican cómo es posible que la ocupación y el someti- tan a los medios de comunicación y a la labor periodís- miento de un pueblo se siga manteniendo desde hace tica de los profesionales. Cabe advertir que se trata de más de seis décadas sin que ello suscite, en cambio, una un marco general que admite muchas excepciones. Las reacción de rechazo defi nitiva por parte de la comuni- características descritas se cumplen principalmente en dad internacional y la sociedad civil. el caso de medios de comunicación que pertenecen a grandes grupos o “multinacionales” de la información, Los medios de comunicación, lejos de cumplir con su cuyas directrices son marcadas por intereses políticos y función social de control e información, juegan en económicos. la actualidad un papel activo en el silenciamiento, la distorsión y la legitimación del confl icto. Con la inten- En el segundo capítulo de este Cuaderno presenta- ción de dar la vuelta a esta desinformación, nos hemos mos un breve repaso histórico del confl icto palestino- propuesto analizar el tratamiento informativo del con- israelí. Con frecuencia los medios de comunicación fl icto palestino-israelí en los medios de comunicación difunden información sobre los confl ictos de forma de masas, de modo que podamos explicar las carac- descontextualizada. Mediante esta técnica, consciente terísticas del modelo de comunicación actual y las re- o inconscientemente buscada, los lectores no alcanzan percusiones que este tipo de periodismo tiene sobre la a comprender las dinámicas que envuelven un con- Ocupación. La publicación de este documento es, por lo fl icto y la consecuencia resultante es la desinformación tanto, una apuesta desde la investigación por el levan- de la sociedad. tamiento de ese velo informativo que esconde la rea- lidad de Palestina y confunde víctimas con verdugos. Conscientes de la importancia de contextualizar los eventos que acontecen en torno a la Ocupación de Pa- Para cumplir con este objetivo hemos creído conve- lestina, este capítulo busca explicar cuáles son los as- niente analizar un episodio concreto que nos sirva
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