Kopter Press Book

Main articles published since 1st February 2018 Day of company rebranding

@ Kopter Group AG

4.7.2018 L'Usine Nouvelle - 3570

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http://pveditorsla6.immanens.com/fr/pvPrintWLI.asp?skin=usine&publication=005885&issue=3570&page=1&choice=48-49 2/2 e ISSUE 90 | JUNE / JULY 2018 90 | JUNE / JULY ISSUE magazin

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AIRMED&RESCUE MAGAZINE ISSUE 90 JUNE / JULY 2018 COMPANY PROFILE

Kopter Company Profile

46 46 AIRMED&RESCUE COMPANY PROFILE

ntering the headquarters of Kopter in Wetzikon, ESwitzerland, what immediately strikes you is the air of quiet excitement; as well as the large helicopter placed in the middle of the open plan offce – the frst prototype of the SH09 has been given pride of place in the building. The team at Kopter is right now working steadily towards its goal of certifcation of its SH09 helicopter, which will happen during the second half of 2019, with P3 (the third prototype) to head into fight testing in the coming weeks. For CEO Andreas Löwenstein, the ramp up towards delivery of the helicopters to the frst customers is an exciting time, and one he has been working towards since he joined the company some 18 months ago. With more than 28 years of experience in the aerospace and defence industry, having worked at EADS and Eurocopter in the past, there is little doubting the fact that he knows what the market needs, and for him, the opportunity to be at the helm of a company that is delivering a brand-new helicopter to the market was one So, what is different about the SH09 to other aircraft? “New technology has that he couldn’t pass up. “I’ve always been a builder,” he told AirMed&Rescue, allowed for a change in fundamentals – the helicopter architecture being one,” “whether that is building a company or building a team. To bring together the he said. “Being made from composite materials means it is both light and crash team and knowledge that inspires the spirit of innovation is a very enjoyable resistant. The second revolution is the additional safety features that we have put experience.” on the aircraft as part of the initial design – these (such as many dual systems) A costly one though – CHF300 million (€253,670,343) has been spent so are often optional extras [on other aircraft]. Finally, the cost of maintenance and far, and certifcation has still to come. In a move new to the industry, Kopter is operation will be lower.” There was mention too of linking the digital systems aiming for dual accreditation from the European Aviation Safety Agency and US of the aircraft and some more sensors with an app on the customer’s mobile Federal Aviation Administration at approximately the same time – ambitious, for device, which would allow connected services, enabling for more effcient sure, but achievable, said Löwenstein, depending on how the two agencies will maintenance processes. work together, which seems to be going very well today. The cabin of the SH09 will come equipped with a full glass cockpit, with an avionics suite from Garmin – the newly launched G3000H. “The G3000H Fresh approach will ease the workload of SH09 pilots while providing best-in-class situational Designed originally in 2009 by Martin Stucki from scratch, with large rear- awareness. This will enable a higher level of safety for every mission, the core opening cargo doors and no separation between the cockpit and the cabin, principle behind the design of our helicopter,” noted Michele Riccobono, the spacious interior of the SH09 allows for a wide range of confgurations Kopter Executive Vice-President Technology. Safety has been at the heart of the – emergency medical transport, surveillance and law enforcement, utility, and helicopter’s development from its inception. passenger transport. Its modular design means that the change from one mission The air medical industry will without doubt be a key customer segment for profle to another can be effected quickly and easily – from adding another Kopter – for the past 18 months, it has been working on the interior cabin stretcher, to moving the design with Metro Aviation, one of the largest providers of air medical services pedals from the second in the US. This has resulted in more space for stretchers, better access to the pilot’s seat in order patient (s) for the medics, and more space made available for medical kit thanks to allow an additional to the movement of a fuel tank from the cabin wall into the cabin foor. passenger to sit safely in Kopter’s manufacturing and fight testing departments are in the dramatic that seat without risking landscape of a valley near Mollis, not far from its headquarters in Wetzikon, an accidental movement and although currently it only has the one hangar, plans are afoot to build a of the pedals by that 16,000m2 facility in 2019. Production of certain parts of the SH09 – such as the passenger. Löwenstein fve rotor blades – are done in-house. Most, though, are sourced from third used the term ‘a fying party suppliers. While every effort has been made to ensure the fnest quality Swiss Pocket knife’. for each of the thousands of components from which a helicopter is built, Löwenstein has there are almost inevitably some teething problems. One such issue has been mentioned in the with the dynamic components provided by a supplier in the third prototype past that innovation (PS03), which will (once fxed!) be off to Sicily for three quarters of intense in the helicopter testing, where it will be put through its paces and pushed to – and past – its market is notable by its operational limits. The small delay in getting the P3 to Sicily for testing has actually absence – ‘it’s easier for had a benefcial side too – the company is taking advantage of the schedule manufacturers to stick shift to refne a number of subsystems where areas of further optimisation with what has been tried were identifed during ground testing. While these refnements were meant and proven’, he said. to be phased into the PS4 (Pre-Series 4) aircraft, by putting them onto the P3, >>

47 www.airmedandrescue.com 47 COMPANY PROFILE diary dates

Send your diary dates to: the development programme can be accelerated. The sector in the US will continue, he says, and through a [email protected] PS4 will be the aircraft submitted for certifcation, which close strategic co-operation with Metro Aviation, Kopter

Kopter expects will be achieved next year, ensuring the is planning on holding a strong position in this area in frst aircraft can be delivered to customers before the end years to come: “We are going to aim to take a signifcant 12-14 June of 2019. per cent of the market in the next 10 years,” he told AIRMED World Congress While currently the plan is to build the helicopters in the AirMed&Rescue. With many operators in the US still using Warsaw, Poland facility in Switzerland, there will be a time in the near the AS350 Ecureuil, the time will soon be nigh for these future, according to Löwenstein, when this will not be helicopters to be put out to pasture, and thus comes 18-24 June the case: “The SH09 has been built in the knowledge the opportunity for the SH09 to potentially become 50th Annual Washington that parts can be made here, and tested here, but can the aircraft of choice. While it is possible that other States Search and ultimately be put together in other countries.” There manufacturers could downgrade a twin-engine aircraft into Rescue Conference will be a manufacturing facility in the US before long, he a single-engine one, question marks hang over whether Ellensburg, Washington, US said, and there are also plans to expand to the Asia Pacifc or not this would be a proftable move for them. region. Assembly facilities around the world are a sensible Kopter’s frst customers of the SH09 ‘will be partners’, 9-14 July move – not only to ensure compliance with local laws said Jan Nowacki, Executive Vice-President of ALEA Expo 2018 and regulations, but lso because it is a much more cost Operations. Kopter isn’t going to deliver hundreds of Airborne Law Enforcement effective way of doing business, he explained, as Kopter helicopters in the frst few years. There will be time Association Louisville, Kentucky, US will be able to meet local operator requirements for for feedback from these initial customers, with the customisation of the helicopter. opportunity to improve and streamline processes 10-12 July and services. Without data from these customers, the International Search & Rescue Market opportunity company is unable to progress further. “It is normal Conference 2018 The belief in the product among the Kopter employees in a complex technical development process that Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia to whom AirMed&Rescue spoke for this article was unforeseen circumstances will appear,” said Löwenstein, infectious. Christian Gras, Executive Vice President of “and we have mitigation processes in place for when 7-9 September Customers, has lengthy experience in the industry, and that happens.” SAREX 2018 is passionate in his belief that strong, adaptable single- A passion for what they are doing is apparent throughout El Dorado, California, US engine helicopters such as the SH09 are the future of the layers of the company, from the CEO to the Chief the industry. “Kopter,” he said, “is going to shake up Safety Offcer, who explained in detail the inner workings 19-20 September the hierarchy of the helicopter manufacturing sector.” of the helicopter prototypes and the testing that was The Emergency Services Having worked in the US, Europe and South America, going to be taking place. Kopter is not innovating for the Show 2018 Gras’s understanding of market dynamics is impressive. sake of it – the team has the experience to know what Birmingham, UK Identifying gaps in the market and being able to exploit can be improved upon, and is taking the opportunity them is key to success in any business, but in the relatively to do just that, with new technology allowing for 1-4 October dense aircraft manufacturing business, it is more important the introduction of an aircraft that offers real mission American College of than ever. versatility and enhanced safety features. Emergency Physicians Annual Meeting The growth of the helicopter emergency medical services The EMS helicopter of the future? Maybe. San Diego, California, US

19-20 October The Pittman Course: Flight & Critical Care Paramedic Review Phoenix, Arizona, US

22-24 October Air Medical Transport Conference Phoenix, Arizona, US

29 October EMS World Expo Nashville, Tennessee, US

12 November Association of Air Ambulances Air Ambulance Conference London, UK

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ŽʛˋʽĶė˵ŽȢʽȂėȢȢŤʽŧȻʒˋʽʛŐǫȅėǌŽʽǳŐǫʽŧėȢȢ ŐǫŽȢʽŽǳȢŽʽǌėȢ̟ʽėȢŧŽʒŽʽǳȔʽõŽʒǌȅŽǳŐǫʽ̟˵ ǳʛˋʽȢ˵ʒʽǳȢʽŽǳȢŽȔʽȂȅŽǳȢŽȢŤʽėǌǳȅŽȢʽßȢˋŽʒǱ ʛėȔȔŽȢǌŽĶė˵ˋʽ̋ŽʒŧŽȢɬ ÇǳŽʽʛǳȢŧʽǳȢʽ+Ž˵ˋʛŐǫȅėȢŧ ė˵ŐǫʽȔŽǳȢŽʽ÷˵ʒ̟ŽȅȢɬʽ÷ǳʒʽȅŽĶˋŽȢʽ˩ƇʽwėǫʒŽ ŧŽȔŤʽ̋ėʛʽʛǳŽʽ̉ȻʒǫŽʒʽ̋ėʒɬʽȅʛʽǳŐǫʽėȢưȢǌŤ ȢŽǫȔŽȢʽȔɁǌȅǳŐǫɬ ė˵ƣǌŽ̋ėŐǫʛŽȢŤʽȅŽĶˋŽȢʽ̉ǳŽȅŽʽwėǫʒŽʽǳȢ ǳȢʽOʒėȢȂʒŽǳŐǫŤʽ˵ȢŧʽǿŽˋ̟ˋʽȅŽĶˋʽȔŽǳȢŽʽOėȔǳǱ ̋ėʒʽʛǳŽʽŽǳȢʽ1ȢǌǳȢŽŽʒǳȢǌĶ˻ʒȻŤʽ˵ȢŧʽǫŽ˵ˋŽ ÷ŽʒŧŽȢʽÇǳŽʽ̋ŽǳˋŽʒǫǳȢʽėȢʽǣÇ̋ǳʛʛ OʒėȢȂʒŽǳŐǫʽ˵ȢŧʽėʒĶŽǳˋŽȢʽȢ˵ȢʽǳȢ ȅǳŽʽʒŽʛɛŽȂˋǳ̉ŽʽȅŽĶŽȢʽȔŽǳȢŽʽOʒė˵ʽȅėǳʒŽ ǌŽǫŽȢʽ̋ǳʒʽǳȢʽŧǳŽʽ·ǳŐǫˋ˵ȢǌʽŽǳȢŽʒʽaȢŧ˵ʛˋʒǳŽǱ ÇǳŽʽ̋ŽŐǫʛŽȅȢʽ̉ȻȔʽʛŐǫ̋ŽʒŽȢʽÕėȢȂŽʒ ȔėŧŽǥʽƣŽʛˋǫėȅˋŽȢŤʽė˵Őǫʽ̋ŽȢȢʽÇǳŽ ŧŽʒʽÇŐǫ̋Žǳ̟ɬʽQǳĶˋʽŽʛʽßȢˋŽʒʛŐǫǳŽŧŽ ˵ȢŧʽǳŐǫʽǳȢʽ{˻ʛȢėŐǫˋɬʽßȢʛŽʒŽʽŧʒŽǳʽ{ǳȢŧŽʒŤ ưʒȔėʽȔǳˋʽėȅȅŽȔŤʽ̋ėʛʽŧė̟˵ǌŽǫɁʒˋɬʽ÷ǳʒ Ȣ˵Ȣʽė˵ƣʛʽÇŽǌŽȅĶȻȻˋʁ ƴ̥̂³ʒȻ̟ŽȢˋʽŧŽʒʽėʛŐǫǳȢŽȢʽǳȢʽŧǳŽ ̟̋ǳʛŐǫŽȢʽŧŽȢʽŧʒŽǳʽĠȢŧŽʒȢʁ ŧʒǳėȢŤʽȅėʒėʽ˵Ȣŧʽw˵ȅǳėŤʽʛǳȢŧʽȔǳˋˋȅŽʒ̋ŽǳǱ ǫėĶŽȢʽŧǳŽʽQʒɁʛʛŽʽŽʒǫɁǫˋʽ˵ȢŧʽǫėĶŽȢʽǫŽ˵Ǳ ɞėŐǫˋɢɬʽaŐǫʽǫėĶŽʽǳȢʽŽǳȢŽʒʽOǳʒȔėʽǌŽėʒĶŽǳǱ ßÇʽ̉ŽʒȂė˵ƣŽȢʁ aȢʽŧŽʒʽÇŐǫ̋Žǳ̟ʽ̟˵ʽȅŽĶŽȢŤʽǳʛˋʽ˵Ȣǌȅė˵ĶȅǳŐǫ ȅŽʽŽʒ̋ėŐǫʛŽȢʽ˵ȢŧʽȅŽĶŽȢʽȢǳŐǫˋʽȔŽǫʒʽ̟˵ʽ ˋŽʽǌŽǌŽȢʽˑ̥̥ʽǳˋėʒĶŽǳˋŽȢŧŽɬʽȅʛʽǳŐǫʽȂėȔŤ ˋŽˋŤʽŧǳŽʽOȅ˵ǌ̟Ž˵ǌˋʒĠǌŽʒʽȂȻȢʛˋʒ˵ǳŽʒˋŤʽ˵Ȣŧ ǣÇ̋ǳʛʛʽȔėŧŽǥʽǳʛˋʽƥ˻ʒʽ˵ȢʛʽŽǳȢʽ̋ǳŐǫˋǳǌŽʛ ėȢǌŽȢŽǫȔŤʽǫǳŽʒʽĶėʛǳŽʒˋʽėȅȅŽʛʽǳʒǌŽȢŧ̋ǳŽ [ė˵ʛŽɬʽÇǳŽʽʛˋ˵ŧǳŽʒŽȢʽŧŽʒ̟ŽǳˋʽėȅȅŽʽ˵ȢŧʽʛǳȢŧ ̋ėʒŽȢʽŽʛʽȂȢėɛɛʽɇƴ̥ɬʽQȅŽǳŐǫ̟ŽǳˋǳǌʽǫėˋʽʛǳŐǫ ȔėȢʽĶʒė˵ŐǫˋŽʽŽˋ̋ėʽǁ̥ʽ{ǳȅȻȔŽˋŽʒŤʽ˵Ȕʽŧėʛ ėʒȂŽˋǳȢǌėʒǌ˵ȔŽȢˋ ɞĶȅǳŐȂˋʽ̟˵ʽõǳȻȢǱėȢŐǱ ė˵ƣʽǌŽʛ˵ȢŧŽȔʽŽȢʛŐǫŽȢ̉ŽʒʛˋėȢŧɬʽ+ėʛ ̉ŽʒʛˋʒŽ˵ˋʽė˵ƣʽŧŽʒʽǌėȢ̟ŽȢʽ÷ŽȅˋʽɞȅėŐǫˋɢɬ

Front Take-off für den Flugplatz

Die Gemeindeversammlung Glarus Nord steht hinter der Strategie des Gemeinderates.

Der Gemeinderat Glarus Nord kann am Flugplatz Mollis 22 000 Quadratmeter Boden verkaufen. Diese Kompetenz hat ihm gestern die Gemeindeversammlung mit einer klaren Mehrheit erteilt. Rückweisungs- und Änderungsanträge hatten keine Chance. Der Boden geht an die vier bereits heute am Flugplatz ansässigen Firmen Kopter, Heli-Linth, Rega und Ecoflight. Sie alle können am Rollweg Neubauten verwirklichen, sobald das Umnutzungsverfahren für den Flugplatz abgeschlossen ist. Das Geschäft an den Gemeinde- rat zurückweisen wollte Alexandra Bärtsch. Sie verlangte, vor dem Verkauf des Bodens müsse das Betriebsreglement für den Flugbetrieb vorliegen. «Wir müssen wissen, unter welchen Bedingungen wir das Land verkaufen», argumentierte Bärtsch. Sie konnte damit aber nur wenige der gut 300 Stimmbürger in der Näfelser Lintharena überzeugen.

Landrat Emil Küng stellte im Namen der SVP einen Änderungsantrag zum Rückkaufsrecht der Gemeinde: Der Bodenpreis bei einem Rückkauf solle (indexiert) dem heutigen Verkaufspreis entsprechen. Küng wurde durch Landrätin Priska Müller von den Grünen unterstützt. Auch dieser Antrag fand bei der Versammlung keine Gnade. Und schliesslich beantragte Albert Curiger ebenso erfolglos, der Boden solle nicht verkauft, sondern im Baurecht abgegeben werden.

Für die Vorlage und die in Aussicht stehenden Arbeitsplätze machten sich im Namen der SP Benjamin Kistler und FDP-Landrat Roger Schneider stark. Neuer GPK-Präsident

Als neuer Präsident der Geschäftsprüfungskommission wurde Fridolin Staub (SVP) gewählt, der ohne Konkurrenz antreten konnte. Staub löst Fredo Landolt (CVP) ab, der aus gesundheitlichen Gründen nach zwei Jahren im Amt zurücktritt

Region Werben für den Landverkauf; Die Glarner Industrie wirbt für den Bodenverkauf an die Betriebe auf dem Flugplatz Mollis. Am Wochenende haben die Flugplatz-Unternehmen zudem ihre Visionen und Projekte der Bevölkerung vorgestellt.

Die Glarner Handelskammer setzt sich für die Bauprojekte am Flugplatz in Mollis ein. Der Dachverband der Glarner Industrie- und Gewerbeunternehmen ersucht die Stimmberechtigten von Glarus Nord, das entsprechende Gemeindeversammlungsgeschäft am 22. Juni gutzuheissen.

«Die Umsetzung dieser Projekte stärkt den Flugplatz als wichtigen Wirtschaftsstandort», schreibt die Handelskammer in ihrer neusten Mitteilung. Die Unternehmen Kopter Group AG, Ecoflight GmbH, Heli Linth AG sowie die Rega seien bereits am Flugplatz ansässig und könnten sich durch ihre Bauprojekte nachhaltig weiterentwickeln. Die bestehenden Arbeitsplätze würden dadurch gesichert. «Ebenso können mindestens 50 neue, hochqualitative und wertschöpfende Stellen kurzfristig geschaffen werden», heisst es weiter. Kopter «wegweisend»

Vor allem die Kopter Group AG bedeute für den Kanton Glarus eine Jahrhundertchance. Denn: «Der erste jemals in der Schweiz hergestellte Helikopter steht kurz vor dem Markteintritt und soll im kommenden Jahr erstmals an nationale und internationale Kunden ausgeliefert werden.» Kopter plane, die strategischen Kernaktivitäten des Unternehmens in der Region Glarus anzusiedeln.

Darunter fallen die industrielle Fertigung, Endmontage, Planung und Steuerung der weltweiten Ersatzteillogistik sowie die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Technikern und Piloten. «Dies bringt mittelfristig eine bedeutende wirtschaftliche Entwicklung mit einer mittleren dreistelligen Zahl an Mitarbeitenden», so die Glarner Handelskammer. Auch indirekte Wertschöpfung

Die Bauprojekte der vier Unternehmen lösen direkt Investitionen von über 20 Millionen Franken aus. Das komme zahlreichen Glarner Unternehmen zugute. Ebenso sei mit einer nicht zu unterschätzenden dauerhaften indirekten Wertschöpfung bei weiterem Gewerbe wie Detailhandel, Hotellerie oder Gastronomie zu rechnen.

Damit Mollis vom Verkehr entlastet wird, ist für die Glarner Handelskammer die Planung und Realisierung der Spange Netstal «sehr wichtig und muss nun vom Kanton prioritär behandelt werden». Visionen vorgestellt

Bereits am Wochenende haben die Flugplatz-Untermehmen Werbung in eigener Sache gemacht. Am Samstag fand im Kopter-Hangar in Mollis eine Orientierungsveranstaltung zur Umnutzung des Flugplatzes statt. Dabei stellte die Mollis Airport AG ihre Visionen und Projekte der Bevölkerung vor.

Der Anlass ist laut Thomas Walt gut über die Bühne gegangen: «Es hat alles bestens geklappt, gegen 1000 Besucher informierten sich über die verschiedenen Flughafenbetriebe in Mollis.» Regierungsrätin Marianne Lienhard überbrachte die Grüsse der Glarner Regierung. Das Interesse ist gross

Neben Personen aus Politik und Wirtschaft sind auch Gegner der Bauprojekte eingeladen worden. Eine der häufigsten Fragen aus der Bevölkerung war jene nach der künftigen Velo- und Fusswegführung: «Der Weg wird nicht verschwinden, sondern gemäss Sicherheitsauflagen anders geführt werden», erklärt Walt. Generell habe die Bevölkerung an Informationen zur Zukunft der geplanten Infrastruktur auf dem Flugplatz-Areal grosses Interesse gezeigt.

An der Gemeindeversammlung vom 22. Juni entscheidet das Stimmvolk von Glarus Nord unter anderem über die Teilrevision Zonenplan Mollis sowie die Kompetenzerteilung an den Gemeinderat betreffend Veräusserung von Bauland innerhalb des Flugplatzperimeters. (eing/tw) Grusswort: Regierungsrätin Marianne Lienhard bei ihrer Ansprache. Viele Besucher: Gross und Klein interessieren sich für die Flugwelt.Bilder Jarryd Lowder

INTERVIEW: ANDREAS LÖWENSTEIN, CEO OF KOPTER

EUROPE - MIDDLE EAST - AMERICA - AFRICA - ASIA - RUSSIA #90 HELICOPTER INDUSTRY I MANUFACTURER I

ANDREAS LÖWENSTEIN, CEO OF KOPTER ANDREAS LÖWENSTEIN, P-DG DE KOPTER

HELICOPTER INDUSTRY MET WITH ANDREAS LÖWENSTEIN, CEO OF KOPTER, DURING HELI EXPO 2018 IN LAS VEGAS

HELICOTPER INDUSTRY A RENCONTRÉ ANDREAS LÖWENSTEIN, P-DG DE KOPTER, À L’OCCASION DU SALON HELI EXPO 2018 DE LAS VEGAS

BY/PAR FREDERIC LERT © Kopter

HI I 26 HI I 27 HELICOPTER INDUSTRY I INTERVIEW I

Nous voulons disposer d’une assise en ligne avec le marché mondial des monomoteurs : nous ne seront pas un « niche player ». Notre carnet de commandes reflète d’ailleurs très bien ce marché, avec environ 50 % des besoins en Amérique We will not be a niche player. Our order book reflects this du Nord. market very well, with approximately 50% of demand from North America. Parmi les différents marchés ouverts aux monomoteurs, quelle est votre priorité ? Among the various markets open to single-engine aircraft, Dès sa mise en service, notre appareil disposera des diffé- which is your priority? rents outils lui permettant de remplir les missions les plus As soon as it is put into service, our aircraft will have the va- importantes : treuil, aménagement médicalisé, crochet de le- rious tools enabling it to fulfill the most important missions: vage… Et cette polyvalence se reflète déjà dans nos ventes : winch, medical equipment, lifting hook ... And this versatility nous avons des opérateurs touristiques, des spécialistes du is already reflected in our sales: we have tour operators, spe- travail aérien ou de l’EMS [leurs noms sont pour l’instant gar- cialists in aerial work or EMS [their names are for the mo- dés confidentiels, ndr]. Il nous manque encore des polices ment kept confidential, ed.]. We still lack police forces that qui utilisent des monomoteurs aux Etats-Unis. Celles-ci re- use single engines in the United States. These seek above cherchent avant tout une excellente visibilité vers le sol, du all excellent visibility to the ground, large cabins and power. volume en cabine et de la puissance. Autant de choses que © Kopter So many of the things we achieve at the highest level with nous portons au meilleur niveau avec le SH09. Les services the SH09. The police have not had the opportunity to try our de police n’ont pas encore eu l’occasion d’essayer notre ap- aircraft yet, but I am very optimistic because we are quite pareil, mais je suis très optimiste, parce que nous sommes CEO OF KOPTER credible in the missions we are aiming for. tout à fait crédibles dans les missions que nous visons. ANDREAS PDG DE KOPTER LÖWENSTEIN Un salon synonyme de succès pour l’hélicoptériste suisse, avec la signature de 23 ventes fermes accompagnées de 11 options, et qui s’est traduit par un emploi du temps échevelé A successful exhibition for the Swiss helicopter manufac- pour son patron. Celui-ci a pourtant trouvé le temps de nous turer, with the signing of 23 firm orders and 11 options, recevoir pour évoquer la situation actuelle de sa société. and which resulted in a hectic schedule of its leader. He did Après plusieurs années d’entraînement et d’échauffement, however find the time to speak to us to sum up the current le monoturbine SH09, 1,4 tonne à vide, est enfin monté sur situation for his company. After several years of training and le ring. Le match contre les poids-lourds du secteur ne fait warming up, the monoturbine SH09, weighing 1.4 tons emp- que commencer… ty, has finally stepped into the ring. The fight between the sector’s heavyweights has only just begun… Vous avez annoncé pendant le salon 23 ventes fermes et 11 options. Où en est aujourd’hui votre carnet de commandes ? You announced 23 firm orders and 11 options during the Nous totalisons à la fin d’Heli Expo plus de 160 ventes Expo. What are the numbers looking like now? fermes et lettres d’intention. Ce total comprend notamment At the end of Heli Expo we have more than 160 firm sales plus de 30 ventes fermes avec versement d’un acompte et and letters of intent. This total includes more than 30 firm 29 Mémorandum of Agreement (protocole d’accord). Il était sales with down payment and 29 Memorandum of Agree- également important pour moi que ces différentes ventes ment. It was also important to me that these different se fassent auprès de clients de lancement qui soient des sales are made to launch customers who are well establi- sociétés bien établies, volant beaucoup et avec une bonne shed companies, flying a lot and with a good maintenance infrastructure de maintenance. C’est chose faite avec des infrastructure. This has been done with operators like He- opérateurs comme Helitrans en Norvège, Alpin Lift ou Air litrans in Norway, Alpin Lift or Air Zermatt in Switzerland. Zermatt en Suisse. Ces premiers clients utiliseront nos ap- These first customers will use our aircraft intensively, in a pareils intensivement, dans un environnement JAR45, avec JAR45 environment, with mechanics and professional pilots des mécaniciens et des pilotes professionnels de très bon of very high level. And then, we also targeted operators with niveau. Et puis, nous avons également visé des opérateurs very large fleets, like Papillon or Paradise Helicopters. Our disposant de flottes très importantes, comme Papillon ou sales were all made to leading companies and major ope- Paradise Helicopters. Nos ventes ont donc toutes été réali- rators. sées auprès de sociétés de premier plan et de grands opé- rateurs. What about distributors? Do you have ambitions to create a global network? Qu’en est-il des distributeurs ? Avez-vous l’ambition de créer We already have six authorized distributors and we are un réseau mondial ? going to go up to fifteen-or-so in the first instance. We will be Nous avons déjà six distributeurs agréés et nous allons present almost everywhere in the world - Asia, Europe, North monter dans un premier temps à une petite quinzaine. Nous America, South Africa - except, for the moment, in Russia. en aurons à peu près partout dans le monde – Asie, Europe, We want to be on par with the global single-engine market Amérique du Nord, Afrique du sud –, sauf, pour l’instant, en

leaders: Russie. © Kopter

HI I 28 HI I 29 HELICOPTER INDUSTRY I INTERVIEW I

Pour quand la certification est-elle prévue? La certification comprend trois volets : la partie documen- taire, les essais des matériaux et de composants et les essais en vol, l’objectif étant que ces trois volets finissent par converger en préalable aux travaux de l’AESA. La certifica- When do you envisage getting the certificate? tion AESA, et dans la foulée FAA, sont toutes deux envisa- The certification consists of three parts: the documenta- gées pendant les premiers mois de 2019. ry part, the materials and components tests and the flight tests, the aim being that these three parts converge in ad- Où en êtes-vous au niveau industriel ? vance of the EASA work. AESA certification, along with FAA Notre schéma industriel est semblable à une fusée à deux certification, are both envisaged during the first months of étages : le premier étage, installé dans une première usine, 2019. est constitué de la fabrication de sous-ensemble pré-as- semblés : pales, composants hydrauliques et dynamiques. Where are you up to in manufacturing terms? Les outillages sont en place ou vont bientôt l’être – nous Our manufacturing plan is similar to that of a two-stage sommes en train de calibrer les opérations. A un jet de pierre rocket: the first stage, installed in a first plant, consists of de ce premier bâtiment, le deuxième étage est constitué par © Kopter the manufacture of pre-assembled subassemblies: blades, un hall de 4 200m2, avec une capacité d’assemblage d’une hydraulic and dynamic components. The tools are in place centaine d’appareils par an, que nous venons d’inaugurer, le or will soon be - we are calibrating the operations. A stone’s 1er février dernier. Ce bâtiment, installé à Mollis [à une cin- The medical transport market (EMS) is estimated to have Le marché du transport sanitaire (EMS) est évalué à 2 400 throw from this first building, the second area consists of a quantaine de kilomètres à l’est de Zurich, ndr], accueillera 2,400 aircraft in the United States alone, but it is also highly appareils pour les seuls Etats-Unis, mais aussi âprement dis- hall of 4,200m2, with an assembly capacity of a hundred air- également des activités de formation et d’essais en vol. Les competitive. How do you plan to approach it? puté. Comment comptez-vous l’aborder ? craft a year, which we have just inaugurated on February 1st. premiers hélicoptères de série sortiront de Mollis l’an pro- EMS contracts are very competitive in the United States, Les contrats EMS sont très compétitifs aux Etats-Unis, This building, located in Mollis [about fifty kilometers east of chain. since they are challenged every three or four years. If we can puisqu’ils sont remis en question tous les trois ou quatre Zurich, ed.], will also host training and flight test activities. prove that the SH09 is THE EMS machine par excellence, ans. Si nous arrivons à prouver que le SH09 est LA machine The first series helicopters will come out of Mollis next year. Avez vous l’ambition de mettre en place des chaînes d’assem- which I believe, and a massive upward turn in our favor is EMS par excellence, ce que je crois, un mouvement massif blage ailleurs dans le monde ? possible. Today, the most purchased aircraft in this segment en notre faveur est possible. Aujourd’hui, les appareils les Would you like to set up assembly lines elsewhere in the wor- Oui, absolument. Nous voulons faire comme un célèbre fa- are the H135 and H145. Why? Not because they are twin-en- plus achetés sur ce segment sont les H135 et H145. Pour- ld? briquant de meubles suédois : nous allons fabriquer des kits, gine, which is a handicap in this case, but because operators quoi ? Non pas parce qu’il s’agit de bimoteurs, ce qui est Yes, absolutely. We want to do it like a famous Swedish fur- c’est le premier étage de la fusée, qui pourront être envoyés are looking for a large cabin. But with the SH09, we offer plutôt un handicap en l’espèce, mais parce que les opéra- niture manufacturer: we will manufacture kits, this is the first vers les lignes d’assemblage (FAL) partout dans le monde. practically an H145 sized-cabin for the cost of operating a teurs recherchent une vaste cabine. Or avec le SH09, nous floor of the rocket, which can be sent to assembly lines (FAL) Quelques-uns traverseront la rue et iront vers la FAL de Mol- single engine. SH09 will also be IFR as soon as it is placed proposons pratiquement une cabine de H145 pour le coût anywhere in the world. Some will cross the street and go to lis. Mais d’autres pourront partir vers les Etats-Unis dès on the market. d’exploitation d’un monomoteur. Le SH09 sera également the Mollis FAL. But others will be able to go to the United 2021, et en Asie deux ans plus tard. Nous avons des dis- IFR dès sa mise sur le marché. States as early as 2021, and to Asia two years later. We are cussions en cours, et tout cela dépendra du marché. Il est Did you suffer or even lose sales due to the weak Dollar? having ongoing discussions, and all that will depend on the évident que si quelqu’un veut investir dans Kopter, nous le Customers see the difference that comes with our single-en- Avez-vous pâtit ou même perdu des ventes à cause d’un dollar market. It is obvious that if anyone wants to invest in Kopter, favoriserons au moment d’installer une ligne d’assemblage gine aircraft, with a bigger cabin and better range than the faible ? we will favor them when installing a final assembly line. final. competition. The advantages that we put forward can justify Les clients voient bien la différence qu’apporte notre ma- looking at the price last. And anyway, our price is still very chine monomoteur, avec une cabine plus grande et une competitive, because we are not affected by the flux in ex- meilleure autonomie que la concurrence. Les avantages que change rates: we have set up a system where we buy com- nous mettons en avant peuvent justifier que l’on ne regarde ponents in the three currencies – the Euro, the Dollar and le prix qu’en dernier. Et quoi qu’il en soit, notre prix reste très Swiss francs. The engine and avionics are, for example, paid compétitif, parce que nous subissons peu les effets des for in Dollars, which is already a major part of the purchase taux de change : nous avons mis en place un système grâce price of the aircraft. auquel nous achetons des composants dans les trois mon- naies – euro, dollar et franc suisse. Le moteur et l’avionique Where are you up to in developing the machine? sont, par exemple, payés en dollars, ce qui constitue déjà une importante part du prix d’acquisition de l’appareil. We have completed more than 70 hours of flight since the beginning of the program with the first two prototypes, while accumulating several hundred hours of bench tests: the an- Où en êtes vous dans le développement de la machine ? ti-torque transmission / rotor assembly has run for more Nous avons réalisé plus de 70 heures de vol depuis le début than 2,000 hours, the transmission / main rotor assembly du programme avec les deux premiers prototypes, tout en over 500 hours ... The PS4, which will be the pre-production accumulant plusieurs centaines d’heures d’essais au banc unit, will be delivered at the end of the summer and will par- : l’ensemble transmission/rotor anti-couple a tourné plus de ticipate with the PT3 in the certification flights that will take 2 000 heures, l’ensemble transmission/rotor principal plus place in Sicily. We plan to stay on the Italian island for about de 500 heures… Le PS4, qui sera l’appareil de présérie, sera a year, with a maintenance infrastructure that can accumu- livré à la fin de l’été et participera avec le PT3 aux vols de late nearly 1000 flying hours on site. certification qui se dérouleront en Sicile. Nous prévoyons de rester sur l’ile italienne environ un an, avec une infrastructure de maintenance permettant d’accumuler sur place près de 1 000 heures de vol. © Benjamin Dieckmann

HI I 30 HI I 31 HELICOPTER INDUSTRY I INTERVIEW I © Benjamin Dieckmann

Where are you thinking of setting up in the United States? Où pensez-vous vous installer aux Etats-Unis ? In one of the country’s two major aeronautical centers, Dans l’un des deux grands centres aéronautiques du pays, where there is qualified labor and you are in close proximity là où il y a de la main d’œuvre qualifiée et à proximité des to major customers... grands clients…

Where and how are you going to recruit the manpower neces- Où et comment allez vous recruter la main d’œuvre nécessaire sary for your rise to power? à votre montée en puissance ? We recruited a lot in 2017 (112 people to be precise). And we Nous avons beaucoup recruté en 2017 (112 personnes très expect to add about a hundred people to our workforce in précisément). Et nous pensons ajouter une centaine de 2018. We will continue to grow in the coming years, but the personnes à nos effectifs en 2018. Nous continuerons à numbers will not be as dramatic. From the point of view of monter en puissance au cours des prochaines années, mais recruitment, it is true that the Swiss aeronautical industrial les chiffres ne seront pas aussi spectaculaires. Du point de fabric is very narrow, being limited to a few thousand people. vue du recrutement, il est vrai que le tissu industriel aéro- But we know how to adapt: we will train many employees nautique suisse est très étroit, se limitant à quelques mil- ourselves. We will set up a «Kopter learning system», recrui- liers de personnes. Mais nous savons nous adapter : nous ting a mix of Swiss nationals and foreigners. We have the allons former beaucoup de salariés nous-mêmes. Nous al- means of attracting talent and the Swiss system is attrac- lons mettre en place un « système d’apprentissage Kopter tive too: both financially and fiscally, and the administration », en recrutant un mélange de Suisses et d’étrangers. Nous runs like clockwork. It does not take more than ten minutes avons les moyens d’attirer les talents et le système suisse in a town hall to settle all immigration administrative issues. est bien fait : il est attrayant financièrement, fiscalement et Our central geographical position in Europe, between France, l’administration marche comme une horloge. Il ne faut pas Germany, Italy - and even beyond - is also an asset: our 263 plus de dix minutes en mairie pour régler toutes les ques- employees are of 19 different nationalities. And then, it is ne- tions administratives d’immigration. Notre positionnement cessary to defeat a conventional wisdom: the idea of a high géographique central en Europe, entre France, Allemagne, 3ODQQHU 6XSSRUWHGE\ production cost for advanced technological goods in Swit- Italie – et même au-delà, d’ailleurs – est aussi un atout : zerland is a myth. Income tax is limited to 20%, compared to nos 263 salariés sont de 19 nationalités différentes. Et puis, much more in France: so we can pay higher wages, it’s that il faut battre en brèche une idée reçue : l’idée d’un coût de simple. Corporate tax levels are also very low. production élevé en Suisse dans la haute technologie est un mythe. Les charges sociales sont limitées à 20 %, contre beaucoup plus que cela en France : on peut donc verser des salaires plus élevés, voilà tout. Les impôts sur les sociétés sont aussi très minimes.

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HELI-EXPO PREVIEW Special report

MANUFACTURING The nimble alternative

The SH09 is a light-single built on a light industrial footprint, and now a revamped and renamed Kopter is nearly ready to take it to market

DOMINIC PERRY LONDON

or Switzerland’s only helicopter manufac- F turer, the past 14 months have been a pe- riod of radical change: its founder and former chief executive has departed, to be replaced by a swathe of new management, much arriv- ing from elsewhere in the rotorcraft industry; brand-new engineering and production facilities have opened; and the company has

even rebranded. Kopter Founded as the cumbersome Marenco The Honeywell HTS900-powered SH09 is still on schedule for service entry during 2019 Swisshelicopter by Martin Stucki, the business grew out of the engineering entrepre- pied the company for the past several months, the total to 260. More will arrive this year, neur’s vision to develop a helicopter that although the actual impact on the develop- promises Löwenstein. An expanding work- would shake up the light-single market. ment of the helicopter is unclear. As an interim force will in part be driven by the 2.5t SH09 While the rotorcraft that emerged – the equal- step to distance itself from Stucki, Marenco (the SKYe part has been dropped) entering ly long-winded SKYe SH09 – has a number of Swisshelicopter became MSH. In addition, De- full-scale production. innovative features and promising perfor- cember 2017 saw the opening of a new engi- Although European Aviation Safety Agen- mance levels, the business struggled to make neering facility in Wetzikon, about 5km (3 cy approval had previously been promised the transition from a labour of love to a profes- miles) from its former headquarters. That loca- for 2018, the slow pace of test flights so far sional helicopter manufacturer capable of tion also features the initial flight-test proto- means that date is likely to slip into next year. dealing with the realities of the market. type of the SH09 in the middle of an open-plan “We intend to finish the [flight-test] pro- Against that backdrop, it was perhaps little office. “We will keep it there,” says Löwen- gramme before the end of the year,” says surprise that Stucki departed suddenly in late stein. “When people arrive in the morning Löwenstein. “We expect to have certification 2016: Marenco Swisshelicopter announced they know who they are working for.” in hand at the latest by the first quarter of that he had “retired from his functions” with But the last remaining step was to address 2019.” However, service entry will take place effect from 5 December, while providing little the brand and, on 1 February, Kopter was on schedule in that year, he stresses. detail on the split. born. Löwenstein says it “is a name that is Regulatory approval will be obtained with The manufacturer replaced its founding fa- strong, modern and instantly recognisable” two helicopters: test article P3, which was ther with Andreas Löwenstein. A former Eu- and is indicative of the business’s wider rolled out last June, and pre-serial aircraft rocopter executive, he was the latest in a line transformation. “We are changing from an PS4, now in the early stages of production. of executives from the European giant to engineering company to a fully fledged heli- PS4 will fly at “the end of the summer”, says wind up at the Swiss firm; of the eight mem- copter manufacturer,” he says. “We are a Löwenstein, before it and its sister test aircraft bers of the senior leadership team, six are ex- different company with a different business transfer to Pozzallo, Sicily, where they will re- Eurocopter employees. model. We have changed a lot of things over main for about 12 months to complete their cer- the last year.” tification flights. Previously, flight tests have CULTURAL CHANGE In parallel with the rebranding, Kopter has been conducted from its site in Mollis where the But as the business had been founded almost inaugurated a new 4,200m² (45,200ft²) pro- fickle Swiss weather has limited sorties. as a hobby by Stucki, the thread of his influ- duction line, alongside a training and test fa- To date, the Honeywell HTS900-powered ence was woven deeply into the company’s cility, in Mollis, 33km to the southeast of SH09 has accumulated 70 flight hours, plus fabric. Take the name, for example: Marenco is Wetzikon. That site is a stone’s throw from “several hundred hours on the ground” as a contraction of Martin Engineering and Con- another plant in nearby Näfels which produc- well as more than 1,000h of tests on its dy- sulting and is also the name of Stucki’s main es major parts such as rotor blades and other namic components. engineering business. In addition, the helicop- dynamic components. Of course, further tweaks to the design are ter operation inhabited a corner of Marenco’s Löwenstein says the new final assembly fa- still in the works, says Löwenstein, although offices in Pfäffikon, near Zurich – in a building cility is a vital step. “It means that we now have the SH09 handles and performs “to our ex- that had been in Stucki’s family for genera- a setup where we are ready to manufacture.” pectations”. He adds: “If there were no design tions. Employment in Kopter has also risen: 112 improvements we would already be certifi- Wrestling with these challenges has occu- members of staff were added in 2017, taking cated. Look at every development pro- ❯❯

ﬂightglobal.com 20-26 February 2018 | Flight International | 31

FIN_200218_031-034.indd 31 14/02/2018 15:46 ROTORCRAFT Cover story

❯❯ gramme: the more you fly, the more you PROGRAMMES find that you can improve.” Some enhancements will appear between aircraft PT2 and PT3, and eventually on the Jet Ranger production-conforming aircraft. “A fully fledged manufacturer equally has to think about production, and some of the things that momentum engineers conceive are not always producea- ble,” says Löwenstein. Those changes – to the ease of maintainability, for instance – will be Its 525 test fleet is flying again while introduced on aircraft PS4 “and then we will 505 production ramp-up and sales be mature”, he says. are gaining pace; Bell Helicopter is COMMERCIAL REALITY in a ‘good place’ after a tough year Kopter has taken in 27 firm orders for the $3.3 million SH09; another 19 are conditional STEPHEN TRIMBLE MONTREAL on obtaining certification and “more than 120” are the subject of letters of intent. nly a year ago, the mood at Bell Helicop- Production in 2019 will be a “single-digit O ter’s civil business was grim. The com- figure”, says Löwenstein, rising to “around pany had entered the HAI Heli-Expo a month 20” in 2020, “then we will gear up to what we after reporting a six-year low for civil helicop- can do given the market situation”. ter deliveries in 2016, against the backdrop of Kopter occupies a strange position in the a broader industry downturn that seemed to industry: a Swiss start-up that is trying to take have no bottom. Moreover, the flagship 525 on products from some of the biggest names Relentless test fleet remained grounded in the business. However, Löwenstein is not months after a fatal crash in July 2016 raised too concerned about what its billion-dollar concerns about the super-medium type’s fly- rivals think. “For them we are a kind of funny by-wire control system. Finally, the 505 Jet- figure. I think the best measure is not our Ranger X had still not passed the first delivery competitors but the commercial performance milestone after falling more than a year be- and the perception of the market. hind schedule. “On the customer side people are starting As gloomy as the atmosphere around Bell to consider us as a real alternative,” he says. seemed a year ago, a cautiously optimistic Customers are drawn from all mission seg- glow has brightened the scene at head office ments and geographies, he notes. in Forth Worth, Texas this year. Parent com- To date, the programme has been funded pany Textron lightened the mood in late Janu- by Russian billionaire Alexander Mamut, but ary by reporting a year-on-year increase in in October 2017 Kopter launched a new call deliveries for Bell’s civil business: the first “We are at a good place right for investment. That process is ongoing, says since 2013. The 525 Relentless test fleet re- now in terms of capacity and Löwenstein, with a positive response so far. turned to flight last July. The US National what we’re able to produce” Kopter will arrive at the Heli-Expo show a Transportation Safety Board released its acci- Cynthia Garneau company radically changed, but Löwenstein dent report on 6 January, and Bell had already President, Bell Helicopter Textron Canada argues that the change was anything but a made the software and design changes to fix gamble. “There are constraints within the the deficiencies it identified. aeronautical industry where hobby working pany would deliver 50 505s in 2017 and ramp is not possible. But you do not need 20,000 LOOKING UP up to 150 shipments this year. people for this,” he argues, with a nod to his Progress on the JetRanger X tracks roughly Cynthia Garneau, president of Bell Heli- former employer. “People can assume respon- with the company’s upturn in fortunes. Last copter Textron Canada, says: “We’ve experi- sibilities and take decisions quickly – this is November, Reignwood ordered 50 more 505s, enced some delays with certification. That the fun of a smaller company like ours.” ■ raising the Chinese tourism operator’s total delays industrialisation and ramp-up. We’ve order to 110 and filling Bell’s empty produc- gone through this, but it’s all behind us. tion slots for two more years. Hundreds of let- “We’re now at the place where we’re meeting ters of intent are also on hand. essentially our commitments to our customers But the 505’s progress on the production in terms of delivering aircraft,” she adds. front is mixed. After finally delivering the first The certification delays mean Bell is still 505 to a customer last March, Bell had deliv- deep in the industrialisation phase of the pro- ered a total of 27 by the end of 2017. In some duction ramp-up. In Bell’s terminology, the ways, it was a return to form for Bell, which industrialisation phase means the assembly had ceded the short-light-single market to tasks are still not completely standardised, so Robinson since the demise of the 206B3 a larger-than-normal percentage of assembly JetRanger assembly line in 2010. tasks are out of sequence. But the delivery total in 2017 fell short of The aluminium and composite structures

Kopter chief executive Mitch Snyder’s prediction in for the 505 arrive in Mirabel, Canada, from an Kopter has 27 firm orders for the model late 2016, when he told journalists the com- Aernnova factory in Mexico. Two major ele-

32 | Flight International | 20-26 February 2018 ﬂightglobal.com

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verticalmag.com // february/march // volume 17 · issue 1

ON THE COVER Mount Everest looms behind an Airbus H125, operated by Simrik Air. The Nepal Himalayas present an extreme challenge to visitors — whether on the ground or in the air — and are no place for beginner pilots. DIRK COLLINS PHOTO Contents

56 TAKING ON THE THOMAS FIRE What was it like to fight the largest wildfire in California’s modern-day history? BY DAN MEGNA 66 MEET KOPTER // DIGITAL BONUS From Marenco Swisshelicopter to Kopter — why the new name is more than just a branding exercise for the SH09’s developer. BY THIERRY DUBOIS 72 THE iHAWK We get behind the controls of the S-70i Black Hawk to find out what it offers the aerial firefighter. BY JON BOURKE 108 2018 HELICOPTER INDUSTRY OUTLOOK Industry leaders and sector experts tell us about the prospects for the year ahead. BY OLIVER JOHNSON 124 THE STEALTHY OPERATOR We visit Brim Aviation — a utility operator that’s a big fan of MD’s NOTAR aircraft. BY SKIP ROBINSON 138 BROKERING THE SALE Why it’s worthwhile seeing what a helicopter broker can offer you if you’re in the business of buying or selling your aircraft. 86 BY KENNETH I. SWARTZ 152 EXPERTS OF THEIR CRAFT Intermountain Turbine Services details the secrets behind its FLIGHT AT success with the Honeywell LTS101 and HTS900. BY DAYNA FEDY THE EXTREME 162 A FAMILY AFFAIR What does it take to operate helicopters in the highest mountains on BC Helicopters finds the Hélicoptères Guimbal Cabri to be the Earth? We traveled to the Nepal Himalayas to see for ourselves. perfect fit for its forward-thinking flight training operations. Issue BY ELAN HEAD BY HOWARD SLUTSKEN HELI-EXPO

Columns In Every Issue 2018 //

10 Talking Point 20 Field Ops Photos 12 Focus On Safety 24 RotorBeat 14 Focus On Training 1 7 6 Vertical Rewind 16 Focus On Maintenance 185 Marketplace 124 18 Focus On Leadership 202 There I Was... FEBRUARY/MARCH

7 RotorBeat Industry // Operator // OEM // UAS // International Marenco Swisshelicopter renames as Kopter BY THIERRY DUBOIS time, Riccobono explained. A resonance phenomenon was causing too strong vibrations and high loads on the flight controls. The prob- In an event held Feb. 1 at the company’s new headquarters in lem disappeared thanks to “a new set of main rotor blades,” made Wetzikon, Switzerland, Marenco Swisshelicopter unveiled its new “slightly stiffer.” He said they were installed a few weeks ago and suc- name — Kopter. cessfully flight-tested. The new moniker is short, gives immediate product recognition and P3 will essentially open the flight envelope. PS4, the first “pre-series” can easily be pronounced on international markets, CEO Andreas SH09, is planned to fly next summer. They are anticipated to fly 250 Loewenstein emphasized. “As we are an unmistakably Swiss com- and 110 hours, respectively. Kopter will use a flight-test facility in pany, the use of a “k” — instead of a ‘c’ — gives the Kopter a strong, Southern Italy, hoped to provide better weather than Switzerland. Swiss-Germanic feel. It has the feeling of solidity and dependability — Loewenstein claimed to have more than 166 commitments for the two things that are essential in our industry,” he added. SH09, including 27 firm orders. He pledged Kopter will be among the top three civil helicopter manufacturers in 10 years. The first product of the would-be airframer, a large-cabin single, is keeping its designation as the SKYe SH09. However, it is seeing its target certification date slipping to the right again, as Loewenstein said it will happen “in the next 12-14 months.” The first delivery is slated for the second half of 2019. Prototype P2 is about to complete flight-testing before P3 takes over this quarter, according to Michele Riccobono, executive vice president of technology. After P1, described as “a demonstrator” that flew a mere 1.5 hours, P2 is used to “de-risk” the program. The launch of Kopter is an opportunity for the company’s leadership to share The latter aircraft has flown some 70 hours. It was used recently to its ambitious business strategy, as well as news about its upcoming flight-test program and the start of production of the SH09 helicopter. Kopter Image solve a major issue that had been keeping engineers busy for a long

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36 Kopter BONUS DIGITAL // 66 VERTICAL magazine KOPTER MEET takably Swiss company, the use of a “k” — instead of a “c” — gives the Kopter a strong, strong, a Kopter the gives — “c” a of instead — “k” a of use the company, Swiss takably “A emphasized. Loewenstein markets, international on pronounced be name. original the change and office the move physically both to need H Wetzikon. nearby in based now company, the to connected longer no is Stucki Stuc inside was Pfäffikon, in office, design and headquarters previous of profound evolution at the helm of the enterprise. the of helm the at evolution profound of Kopter, ca catchy more a to manufacturer, would-be the of change name The gle. large SH09 the design to Swisshelicopter Marenco off spun had he which from Swi Marenco company, original his to returned latter The before. months rotorcraft. anythi — energy solar or biotechnology in customer a for problem engineering co a with busy probably was founder company’s away, that miles three Meanwhile, hist company’s his in moment” big “a marked that speech a making was Loewenstein A Wetzikon, of town Swiss snowy small, the In inside. brought been had copter facility in Wetzikon, Switzerland, to find out more. out find to Switzerland, Wetzikon, in facility By Thierry Dubois Thierry By manufacturer.fledgling the at development dramatic of months 13 reflects change the brand, and name new a just than More Kopter. as identity new its unveiled Swisshelicopter Marenco February, early In Kopter, the new moniker, is short, gives immediate product recognitio product immediate gives short, is moniker, new Kopter, the Cons and Engineering “Martin for acronym an is Marenco symbols. the First, When he opened the Feb. 1 event, Loewenstein had replaced Martin Stucki a mere 1 mere a Stucki Martin replaced had Loewenstein event, 1 Feb. the opened he When th of prototype first the so enough, large were office design new the of doors The Vertical

was invited to its new new its to invited was ki’s family house. But But house. ki’sfamily s we are an unmis- an are we s n and can easily easily can and n ssengineering, ssengineering, ulting.” Its Its ulting.” ng but but ng -cabin sin- -cabin ndreas ndreas ence the the ence ps a year year a ps e heli- e mplex mplex ory. ory. 3 The second prototype of the SH09 (P2) (P2) SH09 the of prototype second The during flight tests at Kopter’s facility in in facility Kopter’s at tests flight during Benjamin Diekmann Photo Diekmann Benjamin Mollis, Switzerland. Switzerland. Mollis,

67 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2018 // HELI-EXPO Issue Kopter BONUS DIGITAL // 68 VERTICAL magazine Eurocopter. at communications of director the be to used She marketing. and organization. design of head new the is employee, Leonardo former another Dunn, Shaun engineer. flight-test Leonardo former a is October, divisions. airframe and blade rotor the of head the was He too. Helicopters, Airbus with was job previous his and spring. last joined He Eurocopter. American of CEO the be to used He officer. tomer and strategy. and development for VP senior as notably Helicopters), Airbus (now then-Eurocopter with 13years spent had he career, earlier his In 1, 2017.Jan. on — opportunity once-in-a-lifetime a as describes division. helicopter Leonardo’s and Helicopters Airbus of executives former some were them Among 250.to 50, by headcount the Kopter,growing added. he industry,” our in essential are that things two — ty dependabili- and solidity of feeling the has It feel. Swiss-Germanic All joined a team that already included some industry veterans. veterans. industry some included already that team a joined All communications of Kopter’shead now is Vion-Lanctuit Cecile in Kopter for working started who Riccobono, Michele CTO September in joined Nowacki Jan (COO) officer operating Chief Christian Gras, a practiced salesperson, is the new chief cus- chief new the is salesperson, practiced a Gras, Christian he which — position new his in began officially Loewenstein joined year,112 Last employees new people. the Second, manufacturer. helicopter fully-fledged a into bureau design a transform to have they short, In evolution. wide-ranging third a in succeed can it that shareholders company’s the convince to hope they group, the describes Harache as experts,” helicopter professional seasoned of bunch “a Being board. on brought been have utives background. strong his to thanks solved, now is problem The “trivial.” was with struggling were engineers issue try unveiled. even was program the before team the on was Senes, Mathias officer commercial chief employee, ex-Eurocopter 2015. in Another board the of chairman became Eurocopter, at VP executive senior former a Harache, Philippe FROM DESIGN TO PRODUCTIONFROMDESIGN aims to move to the production phase as soon as possible. possible. as soon as phase production the to move to aims production. and tification cer- — phase next the in progress slow with dissatisfied and cept con- breakthrough a demonstrating Stucki with happy been have may Lynwood Mamut). Alexander billionaire Russian by created was entity latter (the foundation Lynwood the by managed fund a — shareholder main the with views diverging of outcome the This event perfectly illustrates why so many experienced exec- experienced many so why illustrates perfectly event This teleme- a that saw immediately he joined, Riccobono CTO When “We are not designing forever,” Loewenstein said. Kopter’s team Kopter’steam said. forever,” Loewenstein designing not are “We be to 2016,understood was December in leaving, founder’s The CTO Michele Riccobono. The aircraft had had aircraft The Riccobono. Michele CTO flown about 70 hours by early February. February. early by hours 70 about flown P2 has been used to “troubleshoot and and “troubleshoot to used been has P2 derisk” the SH09 program, said Kopter Kopter said program, SH09 the derisk” Rino Zigerlig Photo Zigerlig Rino

change from Marenco Swisshelicopter at a special event on Feb. 1, 2018.Feb. on event special a at Swisshelicopter Marenco from change almost up. Going forward, it will be used for ground trials to certify the the certify to trials ground for used be will it forward, Going up. almost Andreas Loewenstein, Kopter’s CEO, introduces the company’s name name company’s the introduces CEO, Kopter’s Loewenstein, Andreas P2 sits inside Kopter’s facility in Mollis. The aircraft’s time in the air is is air the in time aircraft’s The Mollis. in facility Kopter’s inside sits P2 The tail rotor of P1, which now resides inside Kopter’s inside resides now P1, of which rotor tail The design office in Wetzikon. Wetzikon. in office design SH09’s drive train. drive SH09’s Thierry Dubois Photo Dubois Thierry Thierry Dubois Photo Dubois Thierry Kopter Photo Kopter enon that was causing strong vibrations and high loads on the the on loads high and vibrations strong causing was that enon phenom resonance a — busy engineers keeping been had that issue major a solved recently aircraft The hours. 70 about flown rods. with resolved was issue the P2, high.”On too been he would force breakout the erwise oth- moving, stick cyclic the keep to had pilot the that strong so was friction their and cables used controls flight “The Riccobono. fly.” it make and helicopter a build could company Swiss “a proved It ations. evalu- ground of hours 30 after 1.5 hours, mere a flew that tor” demonstra- “a as P1 earlier the described He Riccobono. to ing accord- quarter, this over takes P3 before flight-testing complete 2019.of half second the for slated is SH09 an of delivery first later.The months eight to six estimated an nod its give then would Administration Aviation Federal 12 14 to The months.” next “the for forecast is this postponements, several After (EASA). Agency Safety 10years. in manufacturers copter heli- civil three top the among be will Kopter pledged CEO The PREPARING FOR MARKET DEBUT MARKET FOR PREPARING low. costs keep and — development of pace quick this enable would quickly decisions make to ability company’s (yet). autopilot no has design Swiss the instance, For campaign. flight-test its 2017, November in halfway was hours 550 at which, twin medium H160 Airbus the than simpler much be to said is SH09 The craft. air- the of complexity the with consistent be to believed is 350, 2019. January by complete be to uled sched is activity flight-testing The weather. favorable its for Italy, Pozzallo, in facility flight-test a use will Kopter them, of both ly.For P3. on work the to thanks out” “ironed been have will design The certification. EASA for data compliance ering gath- to contribute will it Then, September. by altitude and speed train. drive the certify to trials ground in hours 100 spend will it ter,” meaning flight-tested. successfully and ago weeks few a installed were They Riccobono. stiffer,”said “slightly made blades,” rotor main of set new “a to thanks disappeared problem The controls. flight load, which should stand at 1,250 kg (2,755 lb.). P2 has an empty 1,250empty (2,755at kg an stand lb.).has P2 should which load, pay- the with ratio favorable very a for allowing pounds), (3,080 said. Riccobono lighter, made be can structure the turn, In humidity. less absorbs cured, once that, fiber carbon pre-impregnated TenCatea on based is material new The Jörg. Andri Jon CEO said program, SH09 the for equipment manufacturing in million US$8 another investing on planning is and million US$2 invested has It boom. tail and doors the except fuselage, the of charge in is Connova Switzerland-based Villmergen, supplier, Its material. P2 is used to “troubleshoot and de-risk” the program, and has has and program, the de-risk” and “troubleshoot to used is P2 to according certify, to impossible were features some But to about is (P2) 2 Prototype long. still is then before list to-do The Aviation European the from certification secure to needs it First, Loewenstein said the versatility of Kopter’s engineers and the the and Kopter’sengineers of versatility the said Loewenstein around hours, flight remaining of number small relatively The respective- hours, 100 and 250 fly to anticipated are PS4 and P3 summer. the in fly to planned is SH09, “pre-series” first the PS4, maximum reaching including envelope, flight the open will P3 helicop- “tie-down a become will P2 February, in Heli-Expo After Kopter’s engineers target an empty weight of 1,400 kilograms 1,400kilograms of weight empty an target Kopter’sengineers composite new a of use broad a features design SH-09’s The - -

69 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2018 // HELI-EXPO Issue Kopter BONUS DIGITAL // 70 VERTICAL magazine Eugene Burgler Photo Burgler Eugene 140145toknots. of speed maximum a and speed cruise knot 130- a with aircraft the certify to looking is team design company’s The The company has now recorded 27 firm orders, a further 19 orders 19orders further a orders, firm 27 recorded now has company The contingent on certification, and 120 letters of intent. of 120 letters and certification, on contingent Benjamin Diekmann Photo Diekmann Benjamin to squeeze eight passengers inside) will make it an attractive attractive an it make will inside) passengers eight squeeze to way a finding to close is it says (Kopter cabin large its and offers, pressures. cost increasing facing operators for option an provide will it engine, single its to thanks where, U.S, the in market (EMS) services medical emergency the for version IFR AW119 Leonardo the Koala. and H130 and AS350/H125 AStar Helicopters Airbus the like types, instance. U.S., for the in percent 45 — distribution fleet single-engine global the reflects orders the of spread geographic the said He intent. of 120 letters and certification on contingent show. the at training pilot in partner its of name the unveil also will Kopter Heli-Expo. at announced be will Sagem, from System Display Cockpit Integrated current the replace to suite, avionics new A equipment.” of level good “a with ditions) (1,110 miles range. nautical of 600 and kilometers) endurance of hours five to four into translate to estimated are numbers hour.Those per (160 180 liters) to gallons 47 toUS 42 between at predicted is consumption the and liters) (750 gallons US 200 tain con- will tank fuel The speed. maximum 145-knot 140-to a and serviced. be to aircraft the for airport ble practica- nearest the to fly can pilot the and envelope flight same the keeps helicopter the fail, systems two the of one case In tem. acknowledged. Riccobono redesign, structural some involves PS4 on 1,400goal kg the Meeting instrumentation. flight-test the of weight unspecified the include numbers two last those but 1,530(3,375kg lb.) weighs P3 (3,525 1,600kglb.) and of weight The company also hopes the SH09’s speed, the visibility it it visibility the speed, SH09’s the hopes also company The an develop to intends Kopter said Gras officer customer Chief single aging of market replacement the at targeted is SH09 The 19orders orders, firm 27 received has Kopter said Loewenstein con- economic 2020 (at million US$3.3 at priced is SH09 The speed cruise 130-knot a for shooting is team Kopter’sdesign sys- control flight hydraulic redundant fully a features aircraft The P2 on display during the company’s rebranding in early February. In the bac the In February. early in rebranding company’s the during display on P2 Loewenstein can be seen talking to board member Andre Borschberg. Borschberg. Andre member board to talking seen be can Loewenstein be just as interesting for the ambitious Swiss company. Swiss ambitious the for interesting as just be year-end. by million 200 US$150and between raise to hopes company The said. he international,” more ing becom- is company the and approaching is certification — time right the is “this because effort capital-raising a in engaged is Kopter looming. is increase capital stay,toa here is it believes power. sun on flights transoceanic performed that aircraft fixed-wing 2,the Impulse Solar of design the headed Borschberg Andre help. may directors of board the to addition recent A rotorcraft. hybrid-electric a into look might says. Nowacki 2022,COO in capacity) (full 50 2021and in 30” least “at 2020, in 20” than “less blades. rotor and gearboxes heads, rotor main airframes, with FALs the feed will It Mollis. near located facility pre-assembly a on centered organization the later.Hence Asia in one another 2022,and around U.S. the in built be will one Wetzikon), in office design the from drive 30-minute (a Mollis in readied being one the to addition (FAL). In line assembly final one than more for plans 2030. to 2020 from U.S. the from orders 600 of target a has Gras enforcement, law as such markets other and seeing sight- EMS, in sales SH09 With operations. sightseeing for option After a busy 12 months full of change, the next 12 promises to 12 promises next the change, of full 12 months busy a After Loewenstein while and, shareholder only the now is Lynwood Kopter hinted Loewenstein development, future of terms In 2019,10” in than “less at planned is rate production the Mollis, In has Loewenstein objectives, sales ambitious Gras’ To meet ferences on aviation technology topics. technology aviation on ferences helicoptersandbusiness aviation, also moderates Thierry internat | Dubois Thierry Thierry Dubois Photo Dubois Thierry kground, CEO Andreas Andreas CEO kground, A freelance writer specializing in aerospace technology, ional con ional -

71 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2018 // HELI-EXPO Issue

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Als Ihr Gemeindepräsident Roger Schneider für Glarus Nord.

# !" Fähig, überlegt undzielstrebig. www.rogerschneider.ch " \Ƥ¾łŻƑŻªĐƵÍėǂ &ŴÍėƑü» ƝŞ &ÍŴƠŴ ƝǆŌÕ X'/JE ƕ

+ǻƏ ZƏȏǻĵĈˌƏʅ ǞƏǳƏȧ ǻȧ ųǻƏ ¯ʅɀųˌȌʲǻɀȧ PƏʏʲƏʅȧ ǳĈĵƏȧ ųǻƏ ɀȏȏǻʏƏʅ ZƏȏǻĵĈˌƏʅ ǻǳʅƏȧ ȧƏˌƏȧ ĈȝƏȧ ǫzɀɚʲƏʅǭ ǞƏƱƏǻƏʅʲ ˌȧų ųƏȧ ƏǞǻȧȧ ųƏʅ ¯ʅɀųˌȌʲǻɀȧ ǻȝ ȧďŕǳʏʲƏȧ vĈǳʅ ĈȧǞƏȌˑȧųǻǞʲɪĈȧ ʏʲʅɀʲ˵ʲ ˛ɀʅ»Əȏĵʏʲ˛ƏʅʲʅĈˌƏȧˌȧų ˝ǻȏȏ êƏȏʲȝĈʅȌʲƱˑǳʅƏʅ ˝ƏʅųƏȧɪ

ƳŀĶĶĕÍĥ &ĕŹªĎĥĕ »ʲˌŕȌǻ ˝ĈʅĵƏǻȝʅˌʏʏǻʏŕǳƏȧ `ȧ˛Əʏʲɀʅ ȏƏ˩ĈȧųƏʅ Ĉȝˌʲ ˛ɀʅƏǻȧƏȝ vĈǳʅ ǻȧ Ĉȧ ʏɚʅǻŕǳʲ 2ȧǞȏǻʏŕǳ Ĉȧ ÒȧǞȧĈųƏ ǞƏƱĈȏȏƏȧɪ ųƏʅ ǞʅɀʏʏƏȧ NƏǻƏʅʏʲˌȧųƏ +ǻƏ `ȧǞƏȧǻƏˌʅƏʏǻȧų ďȧȧƏʅ ˌȝ ųǻƏ ųƏʏ ZƏȏǻĵĈˌƏʅʏĈʅƏȧǹ ʸ˺ ǻȧ vƏĈȧʏ ˌȧų ZƏȝųɪ +ǻƏ ǞʅĈˌǳĈĈʅǻǹ ŕɀŮʅƏʏɚƏȌʲǻ˛Ə ȧƏˌ zɀɚǹ ǞƏȧďȧȧƏʅ ȝǻʲ ȧ˵ˌǞ ˌȧų zʅĈ˝ĈʲʲƏ ʲƏʅɪ ĵƏʅƏǻȧƏ ¯ĈʏʏĈǞƏ ʏǻȧų ˛ɀȝĈȧĈǞƏȝƏȧʲ ɀųƏʅ PďʏʲƏɪ»ʲˌǹ Ǟǻĵʲ Əʏ ĈˌƱ+ƏˌʲʏŕǳŮ Ə˩ʲʅĈǫƱˑʅųǻƏ ȏɀȌĈǹ ŕȌǻʏ ĈŕǳƱɀȏǞƏʅ ȧųʅƏĈʏ ~Ʌ˝ƏȧʏʲƏǻȧ ȏƏȧ ƏųǻƏȧǭŭ `ȧ ɀȏȏǻʏ ˝ˑʅųƏȧ ǻȧ Āˌǹ ȌˑȧųǻǞʲ ɀǳȧƏ ˛ǻƏȏ ¯ɀȝɚ ƏǻȧƏȧ ǫĵǻǞ Ȍˌȧƿ ɚʅɀvĈǳʅ ʅˌȧų Ǆ˺ ZƏȏǻȌɀɚʲƏʅ ǞƏǹ ȝɀȝƏȧʲǭĈȧŭ ˌƱųƏʅ ~Əǻȧ˝Ĉȧų Əʅǹ ĵĈˌʲŮʏĈǞʲ vĈȧɀ˝ĈŕȌǻ˛ɀȧ ųƏʅ ÒȧʲƏʅǹ ʏŕǳƏǻȧƏȧ ĈˌƱʏŕǳ˝Ĉʅ˵Əȝ Pʅˌȧų Əǻȧ ȧƏǳȝƏȧʏȏƏǻʲˌȧǞɪ Òȧų˝Əȧȧ ȝĈȧɚʅɀ ĈˌʏʏʲǻȏǻʏǻƏʅʲƏȧ ³ɀʲɀʅĵȏďʲʲƏʅȧ ǞƏĵǻȏųƏǹ ZƏȏǻ ƱˑȧƱ ÇƏʏʲǌˑǞƏ˛ɀʅ ųƏʅ ˌʏȏǻƏƱƏǹ ʲƏʏ»ŕǳ˝Əǻ˵ƏʅȌʅƏˌ˵ ˌȧų ųƏʅ »ŕǳʅǻƿ˵ˌǞ ʅˌȧǞ ʅƏŕǳȧƏŮ ȌɀȝȝƏ ȝĈȧ ĈˌƱȧˌʅ ˄Ǆ˺ ǫȌɀɚʲƏʅǭ ȝǻʲ ȌȏƏǻȧƏȝ zɪ +ƏʅĈȝƏȧʏǹ NȏˑǞƏɪ èƏʅǞȏǻŕǳƏȧȝǻʲ ųƏȧ ǞƏɚȏĈȧʲƏȧ ˝ƏŕǳʏƏȏ ʏɀȏȏ ųƏȧ ÚĵƏʅǞĈȧǞ ˛ɀȧųƏʅ ɋƘ˺˺˺ NȏˌǞĵƏ˝ƏǞˌȧǞƏȧ Ĉĵ ųƏȝ NȏˌǞǹ 2ȧʲ˝ǻŕȌȏˌȧǞ ˵ˌʅ ¯ʅɀųˌȌʲǻɀȧ ȝĈʅȌǻƏǹ ɚȏĈʲ˵ɀȏȏǻʏ ʏƏǻ ųĈʏ Əǻȧ ǻŕǳʲʏŮ ʏɀ ųǻƏ ʅƏȧɪ `ȝ ȧďŕǳʏʲƏȧ vĈǳʅ ˝ɀȏȏƏ ȝĈȧ ųǻƏ ɀʲʏŕǳĈƿ Ĉȧ ųĈʏ PȏĈʅȧƏʅ ¯ˌĵȏǻȌˌȝɪ ƏʅʏʲƏȧ ZˌĵʏŕǳʅĈˌĵƏʅĈȧųǻƏ zˌȧųƏȧ `ȝ ÚĵʅǻǞƏȧ ˝ĈʅƏȧųǻƏ ųʅƏʏʏĈʲƏȧ ĈˌʏȏǻƏƱƏʅȧ ˌȧų ųĈȧȧǻȧȧƏʅǳĈȏĵ˛ɀȧ ųƏʏ ȧȏĈʏʏƏʏ ˛ɀȧǞƏʏʲƏʅȧ ǻȧ êƏʲ˵ǻȌɀȧ ˵Əǳȧ vĈǳʅƏȧ ˵ˌȝ ˝Əȏʲ˝Əǻʲ ƱˑǳʅƏȧųƏȧ ˌȧų ɀȏȏǻʏ èƏʅʲʅƏʲƏʅ ˛ɀȧƏǳɅʅųƏȧŮ `ȧǹ ZƏʅʏʲƏȏȏƏʅ ˛ɀȧ˵ǻ˛ǻȏƏȧ ZƏȏǻȌɀɚʲƏʅȧ ˝Əʅǹ ˛ƏʏʲɀʅƏȧŮ ĀˌȏǻƏƱƏʅƏʅȧ ˌȧų ˛ɀʅĈȏȏƏȝ ųƏȧŮ ƏʅȌȏďʅʲ 2 ~Ʌ˝ƏȧʏʲƏǻȧɪ »Əǻȧ ¯ʅɀǹ ɚɀʲƏȧ˵ǻƏȏȏƏȧ zˌȧųƏȧɪ +ǻƏ ~ƏˌʲƏ˛ɀȧ ųˌȌʲ ʏƏǻ Əǻȧ ǫǌ˫ǻȧǞ ʏ˝ǻʏʏ ɚɀŕȌƏʲȌȧǻ˛ƏǭŮ zɀɚʲƏʅ ˝ɀȏȏʲƏȧ ˵ƏǻǞƏȧŮ ųĈʏʏ Əʏ ˛ɀʅĈȧǹ Ĉȏʏɀ Əǻȧ ǌǻƏǞƏȧųƏʏ ÇĈʏŕǳƏȧȝƏʏʏƏʅɪ Ź ŲŀƏÍ Ķ¾¹ ǞƏǳʲ ȝǻʲ ǻǳʅƏȝ ¯ʅɀųˌȌʲɪ+Əȧȧ ˵ˌȏƏʲ˵ʲ JĶ¾ŲÍŹ ǳĈʲʲƏ ǻȝ ZƏʅĵʏʲ ųǻƏ ƏȏųˌȧǞŮ ųĈʏ +ǻƏ ʅĵƏǻʲƏʅ ǻȧ ɀȏȏǻʏ >ńƴÍĶŹƏÍĕĶ ŖúĶǁ ÒȧʲƏʅȧƏǳȝƏȧ ĵʅĈˌŕǳƏ ȧɀŕǳ ƏǻȧȝĈȏ ȝ ĈŕǳȝǻʲʲĈǞǞƏǳʲƏʏǻȧɀȏȏǻʏ˝ƏǻʲƏʅɪ ŲÍªĎƏŹŘƴÍĕĎƏ įĕƏ ƏǻȧƏ NǻȧĈȧ˵ʏɚʅǻʲ˵Ə ˛ɀȧɋǄ˺ ǻȏȏǻɀȧƏȧ `ȧ ųƏʅ ˵ˌȌˑȧƿǻǞƏȧNƏʅʲǻǞˌȧǞʏǳĈȏȏƏ ŹÍĕĶÍĶ 'ŹƏÍĶ ĕĶ NʅĈȧȌƏȧŮ Ʊˑʅ »ŕǳȏĈǞ˵ƏǻȏƏȧ ǞƏʏɀʅǞʲɪ ųˌʅŕǳʏŕǳȧƏǻųƏʲ ųƏʅ 2 Əǻȧ ʅɀʲƏʏĈȧųɪ DŀĥĥĕŹ ¾ĕÍ ĶÍƞÍ ǻʲųĈĵƏǻ ʏǻȧų ȧųʅƑɀʅʏŕǳĵƏʅǞŮųƏʅ VŲŀ¾ƞĢƏĕŀĶŹĎĥĥÍ +ǻƏ `ȧǞƏȧǻƏˌʅƏǻȧêƏʲ˵ǻȌɀȧ ȝǻʲƏʅʲʅĈȧų ¯ǻŕŕĈʅųųǻƏ ƏʅʏʲƏêƏȏʲˌȝǹ ÍĕĶŜ ³ˌȧų˄˺˺ PďʏʲƏǳĈĵƏȧ ʏǻŕǳ ǞƏʏʲƏʅȧ ʅˌȧųˌȧǞ ǻȝ »ɀȏĈʅǌˌǞ˵ƏˌǞ ǞƏʏŕǳĈƻ ĕĥ¾ÍŲ \Źĕ \ƞŲįĶĕį èɀʅȝǻʲʲĈǞ ǻȧ ųƏȧ ȧƏˌƏȧ PƏʏŕǳďƿʏʅďˌǹ ǳĈʲŮ ³ƏǞǻƏʅˌȧǞʏʅďʲǻȧ ĈʅǻĈȧȧƏ~ǻƏȧǹ ȝƏȧ ˛ɀȧɀŕǳǹĈʅƏȧŕɀǻȧêƏʲ˵ǻȌɀȧ ǳĈʅųŮ ĈʅǻȧĈ PʅɅȧĵƏʅǞŮųǻƏ èƏʅʲʅƏʲƏʅǻȧ ƏǻȧǞƏƱˌȧųƏȧɪ ǻʲʲƏȧǻȧƏǻȧƏʅ ƏǳƏȝĈȏǻǹ ųƏʏ `ȧ˛ƏʏʲɀʅʏŮ PƏȝƏǻȧųƏɚʅďʏǻųƏȧʲ Ĉʅǹ ǞƏȧ`ȧųˌʏʲʅǻƏǳĈȏȏƏ ʏʲƏǳʲųƏʅ ¯ʅɀʲɀʲ˫ɚ ɋŮ ʲǻȧ ~ĈˌɚɚƏʅˌȧų ¯ǳǻȏǻɚɚƏZĈʅĈŕǳƏŮ ¯ʅďǹ ųĈʅˌȝǳƏʅˌȝ ųǻƏ ɀȝɚˌʲƏʅǹʅĵƏǻʲʏǹ ʏǻųƏȧʲ ųƏʏ èƏʅ˝ĈȏʲˌȧǞʏʅĈʲƏʏɪ¯ʅɀʲɀʲ˫ɚ˄ ɚȏďʲ˵Ə ųƏʅ `ȧǞƏȧǻƏˌʅƏɪĈȧ ǻʏʲ ˛ɀȧ¯ƱďƱǹ ʏʲƏǳʲʅɀʲǹ˝Əǻʏʏ ǻȝ ZǻȧʲƏʅǞʅˌȧųɪɀŕǳ ǻȧ ǀȌɀȧŮ ˝ɀ ȝĈȧ ÇˑʅĈȧÇˑʅ ȝǻʲ ųƏȝ ųǻƏʏƏȝvĈǳʅʏɀȏȏƏȧ ˌȝȝƏʅ ʸˌȧų ǔ ƏǳƏȝĈȏǻǞƏȧ ǳƏƱ Ĉʅʲǻȧ »ʲˌŕȌǻ ĈʅĵƏǻǹ ǌǻƏǞƏȧˌȧų ǻȧ ƏǻȧƏȝ vĈǳʅ ųǻƏĀˌȏĈʏǹ ʲƏȧȝˌʏʏʲƏŮȧĈŕǳ êƏʲ˵ǻȌɀȧ ˌȝǞƏ˵ɀǞƏȧɪ ʏˌȧǞ ǞƏʏŕǳĈƻʏƏǻȧɪ

ˌʲɀʏǳƏʅʏʲƏȏȏƏȧɪ`ȝ ƏʅʏʲƏȧ vĈǳʅ ˝ƏʅųƏȧ ¯ʅɀĵȏƏȝɪ+Ĉʏ ȌĈȧȧ Ĉȝ 2ȧųƏ ųƏȧ »ʲĈȧųǹ ˝ǻʅ ƱˑȧƱ ɀųƏʅ ʏƏŕǳʏ ĈʏŕǳǻȧƏȧ ȏǻƏƱƏʅȧɪ ɀʅʲ ǳǻƏʅ ǻȧƱʅĈǞƏ ʏʲƏȏȏƏȧɪ êǻʅǞƏǳƏȧ ĈĵƏʅ ǫ2ǻȧ ĈȝƏŮ ųƏʅ ǻȧ ųƏʅ +Ĉʏ êǻŕǳʲǻǞʏʲƏƱˑʅ ˌȧʏ ǻʏʲŮųĈʏʏ ųǻƏʏƏ ųĈ˛ɀȧĈˌʏŮųĈʏʏ ˝ǻʅ ųĈʏ ¯ʅɀĵȏƏȝ ȏɅʏƏȧ ĈʏŕǳǻȧƏȧʏǻŕǳƏʅ ǻȧ ųƏȧ NȏˌǞĵƏʲʅǻƏĵ ȌɅȧȧƏȧɪ ȌɀȝȝƏȧɪ+ƏȝƏȧʲʏɚʅƏŕǳƏȧų ǳĈĵƏȧ ˝ǻʅ ǞĈȧ˵Əȧ êƏȏʲ ˛ƏʅʏʲĈȧųƏȧ ˝ǻʅųǭ ˌȧʏƏʅƏ zˌȧųƏȧ ʏƏǳʅ Ǟˌʲ ĈˌʏǞƏʏˌŕǳʲɪ+Ĉǹ ǻʏ ˝Ĉȧȧ ĵʅĈˌŕǳƏȧ »ǻƏ ƏǻȧƏȧ Əǹ ȧĈŕǳ ˝ƏʅųƏȧ ˝ǻʅ ǻȧ ˵˝ƏǻʏʲƏȏȏǻǞƏ¯ʅɀųˌȌǹ ʏŕǳȏˌʏʏ ųƏʅ PƏȝƏǻȧųƏɺ zɀɚʲƏʅǹ2 ȧųʅƏĈʏ ~Ʌ˝ƏȧʏʲƏǻȧ ƏʅȌȏďʅʲ ųƏȧ ȧƏˌƏȧ NǻʅȝƏȧȧĈȝƏȧɪ 2ʅ ʅƏŕǳȧƏʲ ʲǻɀȧʏ˵ĈǳȏƏȧ ǞƏǳƏȧ ˌȧų ˝ǻʅ ųƏȧȌƏȧŮ 2ʏ ˝ǻʅųȧɀŕǳǻȧųǻƏʏƏȝ vĈǳʅ ǻȧ ųƏȧ PƏǹ ȝǻʲ Ƙ˺˺ ʅĵƏǻʲʏɚȏďʲ˵Əȧ ǻȧ ɀȏȏǻʏ ƤƱĈȏȏʏ ǻȝ ˌʲ˵ˌȧǞʏɚȏĈȧ ųƏʅ PƏȝƏǻȧųƏ ȧɀŕǳ ųĈʏʏ ˝ǻʅ ȧĈŕǳ ƱˑȧƱŮʏƏŕǳʏ vĈǳʅƏȧʏɀǞĈʅ ʏɚʅďŕǳƏȧ ȝǻʲ ųƏʅ PƏȝƏǻȧųƏ ˌȧų ųƏȝ ʅƏŕǳʲ˵ƏǻʲǻǞ ĈˌȏĈȧų ĈˌʏǞƏʏŕǳǻƏųƏȧ ˝ǻʅųɪ ĈˌƱųʅƏǻʏʲƏȏȏǻǞƏĀĈǳȏƏȧ ȌɀȝȝƏȧɪ zĈȧʲɀȧ ˛ɀʅĈȧǞƏǳƏȧ ȝˑʏʏƏȧɪ`ȝ ȧďŕǳʏǹ ʲƏȧvĈǳʅ ˝ɀȏȏƏȧ ˝ǻʅ ȝǻʲ ųƏȝ ĈˌĈȧǹ zĈȧȧ ȝĈȧ ǻȧ ɀȏȏǻʏ ʏɀ ˛ǻƏȏƏ Zˌĵǹ ƱĈȧǞƏȧɪêǻʅȌɅȧȧƏȧ ȧǻŕǳʲ ˛ɀȧųƏȧ Ĉˌǹ įĕƏ Ķ¾ŲÍŹ >ńƴÍĶŹƏÍĕĶ Ĉˌŕǳ ųǻƏ 2ǻȧ˝ƏǻǳˌȧǞ ˛ɀȧ˵˝ƏǻȧƏˌƏȧ ĈˌʲɀȝĈʲǻʏŕǳ ǻȧ zʅĈƿ ʲʅƏʲƏȧɪ Āˌʏďʲ˵ȏǻŕǳ ʏŕǳʅĈˌĵƏʅĵĈˌƏȧɺ ʲƏȧǳƏʅ ȏǻȝǻʲǻƏʅʲ ʏƏǻȧŮ ʏɀȧʏʲ ȌɀȝȝƏȧ ŹŔŲªĎ ĶĕÍĥ &ĕŹªĎĥĕ PƏĵďˌųƏȧ ǻȧ êƏʲ˵ǻȌɀȧ ˌȧų ɀȏȏǻʏɪ ǳĈĵƏȧ ˝ǻʅ ɋ˄˺ zĈˌƱ˵ˌʏĈǞƏȧ ˌȧų ˝ǻʅ `ȧ ɀȏȏǻʏ ȌĈȧȧ ȝĈȧ ˌȧĵƏǞʅƏȧ˵ʲ Zˌĵǹ ˝ǻʅ ȧǻŕǳʲ ˵ˌ ˌȧʏƏʅƏȝ ĈʅȌʲƏǻȧʲʅǻʲʲɪ ųƏȧȌƏȧŮ ųĈʏʏ ųƏʅ ǞʅɅʏʏʲƏÇƏǻȏųĈ˛ɀȧǻȧ ʏŕǳʅĈˌĵƏʅǳƏʅʏʲƏȏȏƏȧŮĈĵƏʅųǻƏ NʅĈǞƏǻʏʲŮ ZƏʅʅ ~Ʌ˝ƏȧʏʲƏǻȧŮ »ǻƏ ǳĈĵƏȧ ǳƏˌʲƏ »ɀȏȏ ųƏʅ ĈȝƏȧʏ˝ƏŕǳʏƏȏ Ĉˌŕǳ +ǻʏǹ ƱƏʏʲƏèƏʅʲʅďǞƏˌȝǞƏʏƏʲ˵ʲ ˝ƏʅųƏȧ ȌĈȧȧɪ ɀĵ ųĈʏ ʏǻȧȧ˛ɀȏȏ ǻʏʲɪÒȧʏƏʅ ĀǻƏȏ ǻʏʲŮ ųĈʏʏ ĵƏȌĈȧȧʲ ǞƏǞƏĵƏȧŮ ųĈʏʏ ĈˌʏǫĈʅƏȧǹ ʲĈȧ˵ ˵ˌȝ ƱʅˑǳƏʅƏȧ 2 Ĉˌʏųʅˑǹ +ǻƏʏƏ èƏʅʲʅďǞƏųƏŕȌƏȧǳƏˌʲƏʏŕǳɀȧ ˝ǻʅ ǻȧ ųƏʅ »ŕǳ˝Əǻ˵ ʏƏȧʏǻĵȏƏ zɀȝɚɀǹ ŕɀǭȧƏˌ ǫzɀɚʲƏʅǭ ˝ǻʅųɪ êƏʏǳĈȏĵ ŕȌƏȧɺ `ȧ ǫĈʅƏȧŕɀǭ ʏʲƏŕȌʲ ųƏʅ Ĉǹ ƏǻȧƏ ǞȏɀĵĈȏƏ ¯ʅďʏƏȧ˵ ˛ɀȧzɀɚʲƏʅ Ĉĵɪ ȧƏȧʲƏȧ ˝ǻƏ ³ɀʲɀʅĵȏďʲʲƏʅɀųƏʅ PƏʲʅǻƏĵƏ ǫêǻʅ ĵʅĈˌŕǳƏȧ ǻȝ ųǻƏʏƏʅ ĈȝƏȧʏ˝ƏŕǳʏƏȏɺ ȝƏ ˛ɀȧĈʅʲǻȧ »ʲȌǻʲˌŕȌǻɪ +ǳ+Ĉʏ ǳƏǻʲǻʏʏʲŮ˝ǻǳǻʅ ǳĈĵƱĵƏȧ ƱƏʏʲèʲƏ èƏʅʲďʲʅďǞƏ ǻ ȧ Ʊˑʅ ųǻƏ ǞĈȧ˵Ə êƏȏʲ ĵĈˌƏȧɪ +ǻƏ 2ȧųƱƏʅʲǻǹ ȧďŕǳʏʲƏȧ vĈǳʅ ƏǻȧƏ +³2» ~ ê2»Ç2`ŭ ǫĈʅƏȧŕɀ ƏǻȧŮ ˝ǻʅ ʏŕǳĈˌƏȧ ʏʲɀȏ˵ ǻȧ ųǻƏèƏʅǞĈȧǹ ųƏȧ Ò»Ů ǻȧ ~ĈʲƏǻȧĈȝƏʅǻȌĈŮ ǻȧ ʏǻƏȧ ǞˌȧǞ ˝ƏʅųƏȧ ˝ǻʅ ȧĈǳƏ Ĉȝ zˌȧųƏȧ ǳĈǹ ĈˌǞƏȧƏǳȝǻǞˌȧǞɪǭ »˝ǻʏʏǳƏȏǻŕɀɚʲƏʅǭ ˝ĈʅƏǻȧƏ 2ȧǞǻȧƏƏʅǻȧǞǹ ǞƏȧǳƏǻʲŮ˝ǻʅ ǳĈĵƏȧ ȌƏǻȧƏȧ PʅˌȧųŮųƏȧ ˌȧų ǻȧ 2ˌʅɀɚĈɪ ĵƏȧɪ +Ĉʏ ǳƏǻʏʏʲŮ ˝ǻʅ ˝ƏʅųƏȧ ĈˌʏųƏʅ NǻʅȝĈŮ ˌȧų ˝ǻʅ ʏǻȧų ǳƏˌʲƏųĈĵƏǻŮ ƏǻȧƏȧ ĈȝƏȧ˛ɀȧ Ĉʅʲǻȧ »ʲˌŕȌǻĈˌʏ˵ˌ˝ǻǹ »ŕǳ˝Əǻ˵ ųƏȧ ƏˌʅɀɚďǻʏŕǳƏȧ ĈʅȌʲ ĈĵųƏǹ ǞʅɀʏʏƏȧ »ŕǳʅǻʲʲ˵ˌȝĈŕǳƏȧ ǻȧ ³ǻŕǳʲˌȧǞ ʏŕǳƏȧɪ »ǻƏ ˝ɀȏȏƏȧ Ĉĵ ˄˺ɋȱ ŕȌƏȧ ˌȧų ˝ƏʅųƏȧ ǻȧ ųƏȧ Ò»ˌȧų ǻȧ ƏǻȧƏʏ ZˌĵʏŕǳʅĈˌĵƏʅǹZƏʅʏʲƏȏȏƏʅʏɪ êǻʅ ĈˌʏȏǻƏƱƏʅȧɪ êǻƏ ʏǻƏȧ˝ƏǻʲƏʅƏ2ȧųƱƏʅʲǻǞˌȧǞʏʏʲďʲʲƏȧ »ǻƏ ĵʅĈˌŕǳƏȧ Ĉȏʏɀ ǻȧ ųǻƏʏƏȝ vĈǳʅ ˝ɀȏȏʲƏȧ ųǻƏʏƏȧ »ŕǳʅǻʲʲȝĈʅȌǻƏʅƏȧɪ ˛ǻƏȏƏZƏȏǻȌɀɚʲƏʅ ĈˌƱʏʲƏȏȏƏȧɪ ƏǻȧƏȧ 2ȧʲʏŕǳƏǻųɺ ǫêǻʅ ǳĈĵƏȧ ȌɅȧȧƏȧ »ǻƏ ųĈȧȧ êǻʅĵʅĈˌŕǳƏȧ ǻȧ ųǻƏʏƏȝ vĈǳʅ ƏǻȧƏ Āˌǹ êĈʏ˝ɀȏȏƏȧ»ǻƏ ȝǻʲ ųƏȝ ĈȝƏȧ ɚʅɀvĈǳʅ ĵĈˌƏȧɺ ȏƏǻĵʲ ɀȏȏǻʏ ƏǻȧƏʅ ųƏʅ 2ȧųƱƏʅʲǻǹ ʏĈǞƏˌȧų ǻȝ ȧďŕǳʏʲƏȧ ųǻƏ PƏȧƏǳȝǻǹ ǫzɀɚʲƏʅǭ ˵ˌȝ ˌʏųʅˌŕȌ ĵʅǻȧǞƏȧɺ zĈˌƱ˛ƏʅʲʅďǞƏ êǻʅ˝ƏʅųƏȧ ȏĈȧǞǹ ǞˌȧǞʏʏʲĈȧųɀʅʲƏɺ ǞˌȧǞƏȧŮ ųĈȝǻʲ ˝ǻʅ ųĈȧȧ ȝǻʲ ųƏȝ Ĉˌ êǻʅ˝ɀȏȏʲƏȧ ƏǻȧƏȧ ĈȝƏȧ ǳĈĵƏȧŮųƏʅ ǻȧ ǻȧ ųƏȧ Ò»Ů ǻȧ ʏĈȝ ˌȧų ˛ɀʅʏǻŕǳǹ ɀȏȏǻʏ ˝ǻʅų ųĈʏ ZƏʅ˵ˌȧʏƏʅƏʏ `ȧųˌʏʲʅǻƏǹ ĈȧƱĈȧǞƏȧ ȌɅȧȧƏȧɪ ųƏʅ ǞĈȧ˵Əȧ êƏȏʲ ˛ƏʅʏʲĈȧųƏȧ ˝ǻʅųŮ ųƏʅ ~ĈʲƏǻȧĈȝƏʅǻȌĈŮ ʲǻǞ ĈȧƱĈȧǞƏȧɪZˌĵǹ ĈˌƳĈˌʏ ʏƏǻȧɪ ʏɀƱɀʅʲ Ʊˑʅ Əǻȧ ŕǳǻȧƏʏǻʏŕǳƏʏ zǻȧųŮ Ʊˑʅ ʏŕǳʅĈˌĵƏʅȌĈȧȧ `ȝ ZƏʅĵʏʲ ǻʏʲ ųǻƏ ƏȏųˌȧǞ ųˌʅŕǳ ƏǻȧƏȧ ĈʅǞƏȧʲǻȧǻʏŕǳƏȧȏˌȝƏȧ˛ƏʅȌďˌƱƏʅ ˌȧų ǻȧ ʏǻƏȧɪǭ ȝĈȧȧǻŕǳʲ˝ǻƏ ǻʲ ˝ǻƏ ˛ǻƏȏƏȧ ʅĵƏǻʲʏɚȏďʲ˵Əȧ ʅƏŕǳǹ ųǻƏ ƏųǻƏȧ ǞƏǞĈȧǞƏȧŮųĈʏʏ ʏǻƏ ȧɀŕǳ ɀųƏʅ Ʊˑʅ ƏǻȧƏȧ ȧɀʅųĈȝƏʅǻȌĈȧǻʏŕǳƏȧ ȧƏȧ »ǻƏ Ʊˑʅ ɀȏȏǻʏɺ ɋǄ˺ ǻȏȏǻɀȧƏȧ NʅĈȧȌƏȧ zĈɚǻʲĈȏ ɀ˝ĵɀ˫ ǫZˌĵʏŕǳʅĈˌĵƏʅǭ ĵƏųƏˌʲƏʲɪ+Ĉʏ êƏȧȧ ˝ǻʅ ĈˌƱųǻƏ »ʲˑŕȌ˵ĈǳȏƏȧ Ȍɀȝǹ ĵʅĈˌŕǳƏȧɪ ZĈĵƏȧ »ǻƏ ųǻƏʏƏʏ PƏȏų ˝Ĉʅȝǻʲ ǫĈʅƏȧŕɀ»˝ǻʏʏǳƏȏǻŕɀɚʲƏʅǭ »ǻƏ ǳĈĵƏȧ ųǻƏ ǔʢƏʏʲƏȏǹ ȝƏȧŮ ųǻƏ ˝ǻʅ ˌȧʏ ˛ɀʅʏʲƏȏȏƏȧŮ ˝ƏʅųƏȧ ĵƏǻƏǻȧĈȧųƏʅɺ ȧǻŕǳʲ ųƏʅNĈȏȏɪ êƏǻʲƏʅŭ+Əʅ ĈȝƏ ǻʏʲ ȏˌȧǞƏȧ Əʅ˝ďǳȧʲɪêǻƏ ˝ǻʅ ʏǻŕǳƏʅ ˑĵƏʅ ǔ˺˺ ʅĵƏǻʲʏɚȏďʲ˵Ə 2ǻȧ ʏɀȏŕǳƏʅ ¯ʅɀ˵Əʏʏ ĵʅĈˌŕǳʲ ʏƏǻȧƏ ĀƏǻʲɪ Ȍˌʅ˵ˌȧų ɚʅďǞȧĈȧʲŮ ųĈʏ ʏɀȏȏ +˫ȧĈȝǻȌ ˛ǻƏȏƏ ųĈ˛ɀȧʏǻȧų ƱƏʏʲƏ ʏŕǳĈƴƏȧɪ PȏƏǻŕǳ˵ƏǻʲǻǞ Ǟǻĵʲ Əʏ ˌȝ ųƏȧ êǻʅʏǻȧų ǻȧ PƏʏɚʅďŕǳƏȧ ȝǻʲ ˛ƏʅʏŕǳǻƏǹ ˌȧų ¯ʅď˵ǻʏǻɀȧ ĈˌʏųʅˑŕȌƏȧŮ ųǻƏ êƏʅʲƏŮ ƏʏʲƏȏȏˌȧǞƏȧɺ ZˌĵʏŕǳʅĈˌĵƏʅǳƏʅˌȝ ˛ǻƏȏƏ ĀˌȏǻƏƱƏʅƏʅŮ ųƏȧƏȧ`ȧ˛ƏʏʲɀʅƏȧɪÒȧʏƏʅ ĵǻʏǳƏʅǻǞƏʅ `ȧǹ ųǻƏ ˝ǻʅ ǻȧ ųƏʅ»ŕǳ˝Əǻ˵ ǳɀŕǳǳĈȏʲƏȧɪ 2ʏ ʏǻȧų ˄ʙ ĈʏŕǳǻȧƏȧ ųǻƏ ʏǻŕǳ ǳǻƏʅ ĈȧʏǻƏųƏȏȧɪ êǻʅǞƏǳƏȧ ųĈǹ ˛Əʏʲɀʅ ĵȏƏǻĵʲ ȧĈʲˑʅȏǻŕǳŮ ĈĵƏʅ ųǻƏ NʅĈǞƏ ƱƏʏʲ ˌȧų ȝǻʲ ȧ˵Ĉǳǹ ˛ɀȧĈˌʏŮųĈʏʏ ʏɀ ȧɀŕǳ ƏǻȧȝĈȏ ˑĵƏʅ ǔ˺˺ ˝ĈʅŮ ɀĵ ˝ǻʅ ǻȧ ƏǻȧƏʅ ¯ɀʏǻʲǻɀȧ ʏǻȧųŮ »ǻƏ ǳĈĵƏȧ ǳƏˌʲƏ˛ǻƏȏƏ èƏʅʲʅƏʲƏʅ ˛ɀȧ ȏˌȧǞ ĵƏʏʲƏȏȏʲɪ êǻʅ ǳĈǹ ʅĵƏǻʲʏɚȏďʲ˵Ə ųĈ˵ˌȌɀȝȝƏȧɪ Ĉˌŕǳ ˝ƏǻʲƏʅƏ`ȧ˛ƏʏʲɀʅƏȧ Ĉȧ˵ˌ˵ǻƏǳƏȧɪ ƏǳɅʅųƏȧŮ ˛ɀȧ~ǻƏƱƏʅĈȧʲƏȧ ˌȧų ĵƏȧųĈ˵ˌ ɋȱ èɀʅ˛Əʅǹ +Ĉʏ ǻʏʲ ǻȧ ųƏʅ ÇĈʲųƏʅ NĈȏȏɪ êǻʅǳĈĵƏȧ zˌȧųƏȧ ƏǻȧǞƏȏĈųƏȧɪ êĈʏǻʏʲ ĈˌʏʏƏʅ ʲʅďǞƏŮ ųǻƏ Ĉˌŕǳ ȝǻʲ ¯ʅɀĵȏƏȝƏ ųˑʅƿƏ`ǳȧƏȧ ųƏʅ ˌʲǹ ʏƏǳʅ ǻȧʲƏʅƏʏʏĈȧʲƏPƏʏɚʅďŕǳƏ ȝǻʲ `ȧǹ ųƏȝ ĈȝƏȧ ȧƏˌɺ ȧ˵ĈǳȏˌȧǞƏȧ ˛Əʅǹ ˵ˌȧǞʏɚȏĈȧ ųƏʅ PƏȝƏǻȧųƏ ȝĈŕǳƏȧɪ ˛ƏʏʲɀʅƏȧŮ ųǻƏ ǞƏʅȧƏ ǳǻƏʅ ƏǻȧʏʲƏǻǞƏȧ êǻʅǳĈĵƏȧ ǳǻƏʅ ˑĵƏʅ ˄˺˺ ¯ƏʅʏɀȧƏȧŮ ųĈǹ ĵˌȧųƏȧ ʏǻȧų ˌȧų ųǻƏ `ȝ ɀȝƏȧʲ˛ƏʅǳǻȧųƏʅʲ Əʅ ǻǳʅƏˌʏǹ ˝ɀȏȏƏȧɪ ʅˌȧʲƏʅ ˛ǻƏȏƏzˌȧųƏȧɪêǻʅ ǳĈĵƏȧǳƏˌʲƏ ȝǻʲ ųƏʅ Ç˫ɚƏȧ˵Əʅʲǻǹ ĵʅƏǻʲˌȧǞ ǻȧ ųƏʅ NȏďŕǳƏɪ ǔʢ ĈʏŕǳǻȧƏȧ ƱƏʏʲ ˌȧʲƏʅ èƏʅʲʅĈǞŮ ˝Ĉʏ ǀ˵ǻƏʅˌȧǞŮųǻƏ ˝ǻʅ ǻȝ 2ʏ ǻʏʲ Ʊˑʅ ˌȧʏ ƏǻȧƏ èɀʅĈˌʏʏƏʲ˵ˌȧǞŮųĈʏʏ »ǻƏ ʏǻȧų Ĉȏʏɀ ˵ˌ˛Əʅʏǻŕǳʲȏǻŕǳɺ ˌȧʏƏʅȏĈˌĵʲŮǞĈȧ˵ ˵ˌ˛Əʅʏǻŕǳʲȏǻŕǳ ǻȧ ųǻƏ ƏʅʏʲƏȧ ±ˌĈʅʲĈȏ ųƏʏ ˝ǻʅǳǻƏʅ ˌȧʏƏʅƏ¯ʅɀųˌȌʲǻɀȧʏʏʲďʲʲƏ Ĉˌʏǹ `ŕǳ ĵǻȧ ˵ˌ˛Əʅʏǻŕǳʲȏǻŕǳ ˌȧų ǞƏǳƏ ųĈ˛ɀȧ ĀˌȌˌȧƿ ˵ˌ ʏƏǳƏȧɪ êǻŕǳʲǻǞ˝Ĉʅ ǳƏˌʲƏ ȧďŕǳʏʲƏȧ vĈǳʅƏʏ Əʅǹ ˝ƏǻʲƏȧ ȌɅȧȧƏȧɪ êƏȧȧ ˝ǻʅ ųǻƏ NȏďŕǳƏȧ ĈˌʏŮ ųĈʏʏ ˝ǻʅ ˛ɀʅ2ȧųƏ vĈǳʅ ƏǻȧƏ zĈɚǻǹ ȧǻŕǳʲ ȧˌʅųƏʅ ĈȝƏȧʏ˝ƏŕǳʏƏȏŮʏɀȧųƏʅȧ ʅƏǻŕǳƏȧ ˝ɀȏȏƏȧŮ ȧǻŕǳʲ ƏʅʏʲƏȏȏƏȧ ȌɅȧȧƏȧŮ ǳĈĵƏȧ ˝ǻʅ Əǻȧ ʲĈȏƏʅ˝ƏǻʲƏʅˌȧǞ ǳĈĵƏȧ ˝ƏʅųƏȧɪ