DOCSLIB.ORG

Contractor Manual Supplement – Allowable Benefits List

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contractor Manual Supplement – Allowable Benefits List NEWBORN SCREENING BENEFITS CONTRACTOR PROCEDURES MANUAL SUPPLEMENT ALLOWABLE BENEFITS LIST The lists below are the approved medications, formulas, dietary supplements, and vitamins that are indicated for the various screened disorders in the Newborn Screening Program. The physician specialist will determine the course of treatment and will prescribe the appropriate medical management for the patient. The patient/client is responsible for obtaining the prescriptions from the selected contract provider. There are monthly benefit limitations per client: • $1,500.00 per month for dietary supplements • $300.00 per month for vitamins • Other limits may be assessed if the price of the item affects available funding for priority populations Medical foods (formulas), dietary supplements and vitamins are reimbursable at wholesale plus 15%. Items not listed in these tables must have approval from NBS Benefits prior to dispensing or billing. AMINO ACID DISORDERS DISORDER ITEMS MANUFACTURER HCY Homocystinuria Formulas Hominex-1 Abbott Nutrition Hominex-2 Abbott Nutrition HCY 1 Mead Johnson HCY 2 Mead Johnson HOM 2 Milupa HCU Anamix Early Years Nutricia HCU Anamix Next Nutricia XMet Maxamaid – orange flavor Nutricia XMet Maxamum – orange flavor Nutricia HCU Gel Vitaflo HCU Express Vitaflo Pro-Phree Abbott Nutrition Super Soluble Duocal Nutricia PFD 1 Mead Johnson PFD 2 Mead Johnson Metanx Complex Essential MSD HCU Cooler 15 NBS Benefits Contractor Procedures Manual Supplement – Medical Management Services – July 2018 Page 1 Dietary Supplements Cystine AA Supplement Vitaflo Medications Cystadane Powder (Betaine) AnovoRx Vitamins Nano VM (1-3) Solace Nano VM (4-8) Solace Nano VM (9-18) Solace Nano VM T/F powder Solace Frutivits Vitaflo Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) Pyridoxine Tablets (50 mg) Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 tablets MSUD Maple Syrup Formulas Urine Disease MSUD Analog Nutricia New: MSUD Anamix Early Years Nutricia MSUD Maxamaid – orange flavor Nutricia MSUD Maxamum – orange flavor Nutricia MSUD 2 Mead Johnson BCAD 1 Mead Johnson BCAD 2 Abbot Nutrition Ketonex-1 Abbott Nutrition Ketonex-2 Nutricia Nutricia Complex MSUD Drink Mix – Nutricia Vanilla Nutricia Complex MSUD AA Bar – Vitaflo Chocolate Vitaflo Complex MSUD AA Blend Vitaflo MSUD Gel Nutricia MSUD Express Abbott Nutrition MSUD Express Cooler Mead Johnson MSUD Amino Acid Mix Mead Johnson Pro-Phree Nutricia PFD 1 PFD 2 Super Soluble Duocal Metanx Complex Essential MSD Dietary Supplements Nutricia L-Valine AA Nutricia L-Isoleucine AA Vitaflo Isoleucine50 Vitaflo Isoleucine1000 Vitaflo Valine50 Vitaflo Valine1000 Vitamins Thiamin NBS Benefits Contractor Procedures Manual Supplement – Medical Management Services – July 2018 Page 2 Nano VM (1-3) Solace Nano VM (4-8) Solace Nano VM (9-18) Solace Nano VM T/F powder Solace Frutivits Vitaflo Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 tablets PKU Phenylketonuria Formulas Phenex-1 Abbott Nutrition Phenex-2 Abbott Nutrition Phenex-2 – vanilla Abbott Nutrition Prophree Abbott Nutrition Super Soluble Duocal Nutricia Nutricia PhenylAde Drink Mix – chocolate Nutricia PhenylAde 40 Drink Mix – Nutricia unflavored Nutricia PhenylAde 40 Drink Mix – citrus Nutricia PhenylAde 60 Drink Mix – Vanilla Nutricia PhenylAde Essential Drink Mix – Nutricia All flavors Nutricia PhenylAde Amino Acid Blend- Nutricia pouches Nutricia PhenylAde MTE Amino Acid Nutricia Blend-can Nutricia PhenylAde Amino Acid Bar- All Nutricia flavors Nutricia PhenylAde PheBLOC Tablet Nutricia PhenylAde GMP Milupa Phenyl-Free 1 Milupa Phenyl-Free 2 Prekulab Phenyl-Free 2HP Prekulab PKU 2 Nutricia PKU 3 Nutricia PreKUnil Nutricia Neophe Nutricia PheBloc Nutricia XPhe Maxamaid – All flavors Nutricia Periflex LQ- All flavors Nutricia New: PKU Periflex Early Years Nutricia Phlexy-10 Drink Mix – All flavors Nutricia Phlexy-10 Tablets Vitaflo Phlexy-10 Capsules Vitaflo Phlexy-10 Vitaflo Lophlex Drink Mix – All flavors Nutricia PKU Easy Liquid Nutricia PKU Easy Microtabs PKU Gel PKU Express PKU Express Cooler PKU Cooler 20 Periflex Advance Periflex Jr Plus- All Flavors Periflex LQ- All Flavors NBS Benefits Contractor Procedures Manual Supplement – Medical Management Services – July 2018 Page 3 Glytactin Bettermilk 15 Cambrooke Glytactin Build 10 Cambrooke Glytactin Swirl Cambrooke Glytactin RTD 10 Cambrooke Glytactin RTD 15 Cambrooke Glytactin Complete 10 Cambrooke Glytactin Complete 15 Cambrooke Glytactin Restore 10 Cambrooke Glytactin Restore Lite 10 Cambrooke Camino Pro 15 Cambrooke Metanx Complex Essential MSD Dietary Supplements Tyrosine1000 L-Tyrosine Vitamins Nano VM (1-3) Solace Nano VM (4-8) Solace Nano VM (9-18) Solace Nano VM T/F powder Solace Frutivits Vitaflo MVW Complete Formulation + MVW Nutritionals D3000 MVW Complete Formulation + MVW Nutritionals D5000 Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 tablets Tyrosinemia Formulas TYR I Type I Tyrex-1 Abbott Nutrition TYR II Type II Tyrex-2 Abbott Nutrition TYR III Type III New: TYR Anamix Early Years Nutricia Nutricia TYR Anamix Next Nutricia XPhe, XTyr Maxamaid Nutricia Super Soluble Duocal Milupa TYR 2 Mead Johnson TYROS 1 Mead Johnson TYROS 2 Abbott Nutrition Prophree Vitaflo TYR Gel TYR Vitaflo Express Cambrooke Tylactin RTD 15 Cambrooke Tylactin Restore 10 Metanx Complex Essential MSD Medications Nitisinone (Orfadin) Tablets NBS Benefits Contractor Procedures Manual Supplement – Medical Management Services – July 2018 Page 4 Vitamins Vitamin D Solace Nano VM (1-3) Solace Nano VM (4-8) Solace Nano VM (9-18) Solace Nano VM T/F powder Vitaflo Frutivits Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 tablets ARG Argininemia Formulas Solcarb Solace Nutrition CIT II Citrullinemia Polycal Nutricia Type II Super Soluble Duocal Nutricia UCD Trio Vitaflo EAA Supplement Vitaflo Metanx Complex Essential MSD Dietary Supplements Arginine 500 Vitaflo Arginine 2000 Vitaflo Citrulline 200 Vitaflo Citrulline 1000 Vitaflo Leucine100 Vitaflo Valine50 Vitaflo Valine1000 Vitaflo Vitamins Nano VM (1-3) Solace Nano VM (4-8) Solace Nano VM (9-18) Solace Nano VM T/F powder Solace Frutivits Vitaflo Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 Tablets MET Hyper- methioninemia Benign HPhe Hyperphenyla- laninemia BioptReg Biopterin Reg BioptBS Biopterin BS UREA CYCLE DISORDERS DISORDER ITEMS MANUFACTURER CIT Citrullinemia Formulas Cyclinex-1 Abbott Nutrition NBS Benefits Contractor Procedures Manual Supplement – Medical Management Services – July 2018 Page 5 ASA Argininosuccinic Cyclinex-2 Abbott Nutrition Acidemia Pro-Phree Abbott Nutrition WND 1 Mead Johnson WND 2 Mead Johnson PFD 1 Mead Johnson PFD 2 Mead Johnson UCD 2 Milupa Super Soluble Duocal Nutricia Essential Amino Acid Mix Nutricia Metanx Complex Essential MSD Dietary Supplements L-Arginine Nutricia L-Leucine Nutricia L-Isoleucine Nutricia L-Valine Nutricia Citrulline Citrulline 200 Vitaflo Citrulline 1000 Vitaflo Arginine 2000 Vitaflo Arginine 500 Vitaflo Isoleucine 50 Vitaflo Isoleucine 1000 Vitaflo Leucine 100 Vitaflo Valine 50 Vitaflo Valine 1000 Vitaflo Medications Buphenyl Powder Buphenyl Tablets Sodium Benzoate Powder (Spectrum) Na Benzoate Powder Na Benzoate 10% Solution (100 mg/ml) Acetyl Carnitine L-Carnitine (100 mg/ml) Omeprazole Vitamins Nano VM (1-3) Solace Nano VM (4-8) Solace Nano VM (9-18) Solace Nano VM T/F powder Solace Frutivits Vitaflo Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 tablets NBS Benefits Contractor Procedures Manual Supplement – Medical Management Services – July 2018 Page 6 ORGANIC ACIDEMIAS DISORDERS DISORDER ITEMS MANUFACTURER BKT Beta- Formulas Ketothiolase MSUD Anamix Early Years Nutricia Deficiency MSUD Anamix Next Nutricia MSUD Maxamaid – orange Nutricia MSUD Maxamum – orange Nutricia MSUD 2 Nutricia BCAD 1 Mead Johnson BCAD 2 Abbott Nutrition Ketonex-1 Abbott Nutrition Ketonex-2 Nutricia Nutricia Complex Junior MSD w/ DHA - Nutricia ARA Nutricia Complex MSD Drink Mix Nutricia Complex MSD Amino Acid Bar Nutricia Complex MSD Amino Acid Blend Vitaflo MSUD Gel Vitaflo MSUD Express Abbott Pro-Phree PFD 1 PFD 2 Nutricia Super Soluble Duocal Metanx Complex Essential MSD Dietary Supplements Nutricia L-isoleucine Nutricia L-valine Vitaflo Isoleucine50 Vitaflo Isoleucine1000 Vitaflo Valine50 Vitaflo Valine1000 Vitamins Solace Nano VM (1-3) Solace Nano VM (4-8) Solace Nano VM (9-18) Solace Nano VM T/F powder Vitaflo Frutivits Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 tablets GA1 Glutaric Formulas Aciduria, Type I Glutarex-1 Abbott Nutrition Glutarex-2 Abbott Nutrition Pro-Phree Abbott Nutrition GA Mead Johnson GA Gel Vitaflo GA Express 15 Vitaflo PFD 1 Mead Johnson PFD 2 Mead Johnson NBS Benefits Contractor Procedures Manual Supplement – Medical Management Services – July 2018 Page 7 Super Soluble Duocal Nutricia GA-1 Anamix Early Years Nutricia GA1 Anamix Next Nutricia XLys, XTrp Maxamaid – orange Nutricia XLys, XTrp Maxamum – orange Nutricia GlutarAde Essential GA-1 Nutricia GlutarAde Jr GA-1 Nutricia GlutarAde Amino Acid Blend Nutricia Metanx Complex Essential MDS Medications Baclofen L-Carnitine Acetyl Carnitine Vitamins Riboflavin Solace Nano VM (1-3) Solace Nano VM (4-8) Solace Nano VM (9-18) Solace Nano VM T/F powder Vitaflo Frutivits Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 tablets Holocarboxylas Vitamins MCD e Synthetase Biotin Deficiency/ Nano VM (1-3) Solace Multiple Nano VM (4-8) Solace Carboxylase Nano VM (9-18) Solace Deficiency Nano VM T/F powder Solace Frutivits Vitaflo Vitamin B6 tablets Vitamin B12 tablets IVA Isovaleric Formulas Acidemia I-Valex-1 Abbott Nutrition I-Valex-2 Abbott Nutrition IVA Anamix Early Years Nutricia Nutricia IVA Anamix Next Nutricia XLeu Maxamaid – orange Nutricia XLeu Maxamum – orange Mead Johnson
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Folic Acid, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin Combination
    ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Folic Acid, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin Combination Treatment and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Women The Women’s Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study William G. Christen, ScD; Robert J. Glynn, ScD; Emily Y. Chew, MD; Christine M. Albert, MD; JoAnn E. Manson, MD Background: Observational epidemiologic studies indi- and visually significant AMD, defined as confirmed in- cate a direct association between homocysteine concentra- cident AMD with visual acuity of 20/30 or worse attrib- tion in the blood and the risk of age-related macular degen- utable to this condition. eration (AMD), but randomized trial data to examine the effect of therapy to lower homocysteine levels in AMD are Results:Afteranaverageof7.3yearsoftreatmentandfollow- lacking. Our objective was to examine the incidence of AMD up, there were 55 cases of AMD in the combination treat- in a trial of combined folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride ment group and 82 in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.66; (vitamin B6), and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) therapy. 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.93 [P=.02]). For visually significant AMD, there were 26 cases in the combination Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, treatment group and 44 in the placebo group (relative risk, placebo-controlled trial including 5442 female health care 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.95 [P=.03]). professionals 40 years or older with preexisting cardio- vascular disease or 3 or more cardiovascular disease risk Conclusions: These randomized trial data from a large factors. A total of 5205 of these women did not have a cohort of women at high risk of cardiovascular disease diagnosis of AMD at baseline and were included in this indicate that daily supplementation with folic acid, pyri- analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients
    GUIDELINES ON FOOD FORTIFICATION FORTIFICATION FOOD ON GUIDELINES Interest in micronutrient malnutrition has increased greatly over the last few MICRONUTRIENTS WITH years. One of the main reasons is the realization that micronutrient malnutrition contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. Furthermore, although micronutrient malnutrition is more frequent and severe in the developing world and among disadvantaged populations, it also represents a public health problem in some industrialized countries. Measures to correct micronutrient deficiencies aim at ensuring consumption of a balanced diet that is adequate in every nutrient. Unfortunately, this is far from being achieved everywhere since it requires universal access to adequate food and appropriate dietary habits. Food fortification has the dual advantage of being able to deliver nutrients to large segments of the population without requiring radical changes in food consumption patterns. Drawing on several recent high quality publications and programme experience on the subject, information on food fortification has been critically analysed and then translated into scientifically sound guidelines for application in the field. The main purpose of these guidelines is to assist countries in the design and implementation of appropriate food fortification programmes. They are intended to be a resource for governments and agencies that are currently implementing or considering food fortification, and a source of information for scientists, technologists and the food industry. The guidelines are written from a nutrition and public health perspective, to provide practical guidance on how food fortification should be implemented, monitored and evaluated. They are primarily intended for nutrition-related public health programme managers, but should also be useful to all those working to control micronutrient malnutrition, including the food industry.
    [Show full text]
  • Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Iodine and Selenium
    Frequently Asked Questions for VEG 1 General 1. Why has VEG 1 been developed? VEG 1 was developed to provide a convenient way of avoiding the most common weak points in a varied vegan diet: vitamin B12, iodine, vitamin D and selenium. Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 is almost entirely absent from modern plant foods which are not contaminated by bacteria and insects. Even unwashed, organically grown plants do not contain a significant amount of B12. Vegans often have intakes of vitamin B12 well below recommended intakes. Low vitamin B12 intake by vegans routinely leads to reduced activity of some important enzymes and increased levels of homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA). Even moderately elevated homocysteine is associated with increased risk of death, depression, stroke, dementia and birth defects, though it remains unclear how many of these associations reflect true cause and effect. Vegans who do not get vitamin B12 from fortified food or supplements are at increased risk of clinical deficiency symptoms such as anaemia and nervous system damage. The most common early symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency are tiredness (from anaemia), numbness and tingling (from nervous system damage) and sore tongue. VEG 1 is designed to provide sufficient absorbed vitamin B12 to match national and international recommended intakes. It is designed to be chewed as this increases the reliability of vitamin B12 absorption by dispersing and dissolving the tablet. Vitamin D In the winter – whenever our shadows at midday are more than twice as long as we are – our skin cannot produce vitamin D effectively and even small dietary intakes may become important to avoid deficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyanocobalamin-A Case for Withdrawal
    686 Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Volume 85 November 1992 Cyanocobalamin- a case for withdrawal: discussion paper A G Freeman MD FRCP Meadow Rise, 3 Lakeside, Swindon SN3 IQE Keywords: anaemia, pernicious; optic neuropathies; chronic cyanide intoxication; hydroxocobalamin; cyanocobalamin It seems evident that controversy still surrounds the reduced ability to detoxify the cyanide in the tobacco- treatment of pernicious anaemia and other vitamin smoke to which they are exposed'0. B12 deficiency disorders. The long quest for the 'anti- Patients with tobacco amblyopia who have normal pernicious anaemia factor' in the liver seemed to serum vitamin B12 levels need not continue therapy have ended in 1948 when pure cyanocobalamin was with intramuscular hydroxocobalamin once their isolated. This was found to be very active thera- visual acuity and visual fields have returned to peutically when given by intramuscular injection and normal providing they abstain from further smoking. was non-toxic in extremely high doses'. However, those patients who have low serum vitamin Lederle, in a recent commentary2, advocates that B12 levels or evidence of -defective vitamin B12 patients with pernicious anaemia should now be absorption will need to continue-indefinitely with treated with oral cyanocobalamin. He is not without hydroxocobalamin irrespective of their smoking support in that 40% of patients with pernicious habits as will all patients with pernicious anaemia anaemia in Sweden are being similarly treated3. and other vitamin B12 deficiency disorders who are He further states that such!- treatment is cheap at risk of developing- optic neuropathy if they and effective, produces clinical and haematological are smokers.
    [Show full text]
  • Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, And
    cells Article Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris 1, 1, 1, 2,3 2,3 2,3 Ye Zhao y, Jin-Yang Li y, Qin Jiang y, Xiao-Qiu Zhou , Lin Feng , Yang Liu , Wei-Dan Jiang 2,3, Pei Wu 2,3, Jian Zhou 4, Juan Zhao 2 and Jun Jiang 1,3,* 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (J.-Y.L.); [email protected] (Q.J.) 2 Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; fi[email protected] (X.-Q.Z.); [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (W.-D.J.); [email protected] (P.W.); [email protected] (J.Z.) 3 Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China 4 Fisheries Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 611731, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: fi[email protected]; Tel.: +86-28-8629-1133 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 25 October 2019; Accepted: 29 January 2020; Published: 30 January 2020 Abstract: (1) Background: l-leucine (Leu) plays a positive role in regulating protein turnover in skeletal muscle in mammal. However, the molecular mechanism for the effects of Leu on muscle growth and protein deposition is not clearly demonstrated in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary Leu on growth performance and muscle growth, protein synthesis, and degradation-related signaling pathways of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli Leiocassis longirostris ).
    [Show full text]
  • Amino B12 Amino B12 and Erectile
    Amino B12 Ingredients and Their Roles Glutamine 30mg/ml: Amino Acid Glutamine plays key roles in protein metabolism, cell volumizing, and anti-catabolism. Glutamine also increases your ability to secrete Human Growth Hormone, which helps metabolize body fat and support new muscle growth. Glutamine's anti-catabolism ability prevents the breakdown of your muscles. Arginine 100mg/ml + Ornithine 50mg/ml:Amino Acids Your body uses ornithine to synthesize arginine, then arginine is used to produce nitric oxide. Nitric oxide regulates smooth muscle contraction, which allows it to relax the muscles in blood vessels. Promotes vasodilation and blood flow. The amino acid ornithine is a perfectly-suited supplement to arginine. It is reduced Amino B12 and Erectile Dysfunction to arginine in the body, but this occurs very slowly, so that its effects last a long time. The combination of both amino acids improves the overall regeneration L-arginine improves blood flow. It does so by capability of the body and leads to a noticeable increase creating nitric oxide (NO), a gas that helps dilate in vitality. blood vessels. L-arginine has been shown to help people with heart disease or clogged arteries Lysine 50mg/ml: Amino Acid because of its vessel-widening abilities. Lysine is very important in the creation of carnitine, which converts fatty acids into energy and also lowers The same effect on blood vessels helps improve cholesterol levels. L-lysine also seems to play a role in symptoms of erectile dysfunction (ED). The L- absorbing calcium and helps the body form collagen, citrulline to NO path increases blood flow to a which aids in the growth and maintenance of bones and man’s genitals.
    [Show full text]
  • Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1
    2015 Dietary Supplements Compendium DSC Volume 1 General Notices and Requirements USP–NF General Chapters USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs USP–NF Excipient Monographs FCC General Provisions FCC Monographs FCC Identity Standards FCC Appendices Reagents, Indicators, and Solutions Reference Tables DSC217M_DSCVol1_Title_2015-01_V3.indd 1 2/2/15 12:18 PM 2 Notice and Warning Concerning U.S. Patent or Trademark Rights The inclusion in the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium of a monograph on any dietary supplement in respect to which patent or trademark rights may exist shall not be deemed, and is not intended as, a grant of, or authority to exercise, any right or privilege protected by such patent or trademark. All such rights and privileges are vested in the patent or trademark owner, and no other person may exercise the same without express permission, authority, or license secured from such patent or trademark owner. Concerning Use of the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Attention is called to the fact that USP Dietary Supplements Compendium text is fully copyrighted. Authors and others wishing to use portions of the text should request permission to do so from the Legal Department of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Copyright © 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention ISBN: 978-1-936424-41-2 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 All rights reserved. DSC Contents iii Contents USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1 Volume 2 Members . v. Preface . v Mission and Preface . 1 Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations . 1. General Notices and Requirements . 9 USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program . .205 USP–NF General Chapters . 25 Dietary Supplements Regulatory USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs .
    [Show full text]
  • The Clinical Importance of Vitamin B12
    Open Access Austin Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism Mini Review The Clinical Importance of Vitamin B12 Pereira DSR1* and Monteiro MN2 1Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Universidade Abstract Federal do Amapá, Colegiado de Farmácia, Campus Vitamin B12 is co-factor of enzymes (for example, methionine synthase Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Brazil and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase) which are responsible for catalyzing important 2Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, Universidad biochemical reactions in the human organism. Very high doses of vitamin B12 Politécnica y Artística del Paraguay (UPAP), Paraguay (milligrams or grams) have medical applications such as cyanide poisoning *Corresponding author: Ricardo de Souza Pereira, antidote, gastrointestinal disorders, asthma, migraine, stroke prevention and Universidade Federal do Amapá, Colegiado de Farmácia, neurological disorders (Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease). Campus Universitário Marco Zero do Equador, Rod. Keywords: Vitamin B12; Cyanocobalamin; Gastritis; Pernicious Anemia; Juscelino Kubitschek, KM-02, Jardim Marco Zero, GERD; Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease; Cerebrovascular Accident; Beriberi; CEP68.902-280, Macapá, AP, Brazil Scurvy; Pellagra; Pernicious Anemia; Cyanide Intoxication; Hydroxocobalamin; Received: September 09, 2019; Accepted: October 15, Methylcobalamin; Hydroxycobalamin; Pain; Chronic Pain; Neuropathy; Low 2019; Published: October 22, 2019 Back Pain; Parkinson Disease; Alzheimer Disease Introduction • Loss of appetite. What are vitamins? • Pale skin. Vitamins are organic chemical compounds, ie compounds • Concentration problems. containing carbon. Such substances are necessary for metabolism • Shortness of breath, especially during exercise. and therefore are essential nutrients to sustain life. Most vitamins are obtained from food. Vitamins are water-soluble (vitamins B, C) or • Red and swollen tongue or bleeding gums. fat-soluble (vitamins K, E, D and A).
    [Show full text]
  • Cyanocobalamin Decision Document
    Cyanocobalamin Decision Document Drug Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Brands Cyanocobalamin (all preparations including Cytacon tablets, Cytamen Injection) Decision West Essex CCG does not commission cyanocobalamin. Date 29th August 2019 Evidence Vitamins were included in the NHS England - Conditions for which over the counter items should not routinely be prescribed in primary care: Guidance for CCGs (29 March 2018) Vitamins and minerals should not be routinely prescribed in primary care due to limited evidence of clinical effectiveness. Exceptions: Medically diagnosed deficiency, including for those patients who may have a lifelong or chronic condition or have undergone surgery that results in malabsorption. Continuing need should however be reviewed on a regular basis. NB maintenance or preventative treatment is not an exception. Calcium and vitamin D for osteoporosis. Malnutrition including alcoholism (see NICE guidance) Patients suitable to receive Healthy start vitamins for pregnancy or children between the ages 6 months to their fourth birthday. (NB this is not on prescription but commissioned separately) British National Formulary Anaemia, megalobastic – overview Most megaloblastic anaemias result from a lack of either vitamin B12 or folate, and it is essential to establish in every case which deficiency is present and the underlying cause. In emergencies, when delay might be dangerous, it is sometimes necessary to administer both substances after the bone marrow test while plasma assay results are awaited. Normally, however, appropriate treatment should not be instituted until the results of tests are available. One cause of megaloblastic anaemia in the UK is pernicious anaemia in which lack of gastric intrinsic factor resulting from an autoimmune gastritis causes malabsorption of vitamin B12.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Hypothyroidism
    Jebmh.com Original Research Article Incidence of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Hypothyroidism Priyadarshini Raju1, Shreyas Kumar V.2 1, 2 Department of General Medicine, Rajarajeswari Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka, India. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder which affects 11 % of the adult Corresponding Author: population in western countries. Hypothyroidism can cause a wide variety of Dr. Priyadarshini Raju, # 2215, 4th A Cross, 4th Main, anaemic disorders. Patients with both hypothyroidism and Vitamin B12 deficiency Hampinagar, Bangalore – 560104, also have similar symptoms. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the Karnataka, India. relationship between the two and also hypothyroidism due to autoimmune cause. E-mail: [email protected] METHODS DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2021/81 This was a descriptive study of 50 newly detected hypothyroid patients from Rajarajeswari Medical College evaluated for vitamin B12 deficiency. The study was How to Cite This Article: conducted between January 10th 2019 to July 21st 2019. Lab parameters analysed Raju P, Kumar VS. Incidence of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with included haemoglobin, thyroid function test (TFT), vitamin B12 levels and anti- hypothyroidism. J Evid Based Med thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody levels. Healthc 2021;8(08):415-419. DOI: 10.18410/jebmh/2021/81 RESULTS Of the 50 hypothyroid patients evaluated, 23 were males and 27 were females Submission 17-08-2020, between the age of 18 to 70 years. Anti TPO antibodies were present in 24 Peer Review 25-08-2020, patients (48 %) out of 50, out of which 17 (70 %) patients had vitamin B12 Acceptance 04-01-2021, deficiency.
    [Show full text]
  • WHO Technical Consultation on Folate and Vitamin B12 Deficiencies
    Conclusions of a WHO Technical Consultation on folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies All participants in the Consultation Key words: Folate, vitamin B12 The consultation agreed on conclusions in four areas: » Indicators for assessing the prevalence of folate and Preamble vitamin B12 deficiencies » Health consequences of folate and vitamin B12 defi- Folate and vitamin B12 deficiencies occur primarily as ciencies a result of insufficient dietary intake or, especially in » Approaches to monitoring the effectiveness of inter- the case of vitamin B12 deficiency in the elderly, poor ventions absorption. Folate is present in high concentrations » Strategies to improve intakes of folate and vitamin B12 in legumes, leafy green vegetables, and some fruits, so lower intakes can be expected where the staple diet consists of unfortified wheat, maize, or rice, and when Indicators for assessing and monitoring the intake of legumes and folate-rich vegetables and vitamin status fruits is low. This situation can occur in both wealthy and poorer countries. Animal-source foods are the only Prevalence of deficiencies natural source of vitamin B12, so deficiency is prevalent when intake of these foods is low due to their high The recent review by WHO showed that the majority cost, lack of availability, or cultural or religious beliefs. of data on the prevalence of folate and vitamin B12 Deficiency is certainly more prevalent in strict vegetar- deficiencies are derived from relatively small, local ians, but lacto-ovo vegetarians are also at higher risk surveys, but these and national survey data from a for inadequate intakes. If the mother is folate-depleted few countries suggest that deficiencies of both of these during lactation, breastmilk concentrations of the vitamins may be a public health problem that could vitamin are maintained while the mother becomes affect many millions of people throughout the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Cyanoject®, Rubesol®, Crysti®, and Crystamine® Are Other Names for This Medication
    Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) Cyanoject®, Rubesol®, Crysti®, and Crystamine® are other names for this medication. How Is This Medication Useful? Vitamin B12 is used to treat B12 deficiency in dogs and cats, which can result in chronic diarrhea. Cats with pancreatitis and pets with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency or inflammatory bowel disease and other diffuse intestinal diseases are predisposed to B12 deficiency. Some canine breeds have a genetic deficiency in intrinsic factor, which is necessary for absorption of B12, including giant schnauzers, beagles, border collies, Australian shepherds, and Chinese Sharpeis. This is virtually the only situation in which B12 deficiency causes pernicious anemia in dogs. Symptoms associated with cobalamin deficiency in cats may include poor appetite, weight loss, poor haircoat, vomiting, diarrhea, or low white blood cell counts. Are There Conditions or Times When Its Use Might Cause More Harm Than Good? Allergies to B12 have been documented in people, but have not been reported in dogs or cats. What Side Effects Can Be Seen With Its Use? B12 supplementation is very safe, and overdose has not been seen. B12 is a water soluble vitamin, so B12 in excess in what is needed by the body is eliminated in the urine. Studies documenting safety during pregnancy have apparently not been done in humans or animals, but it is likely safe to use. Vitamin B12 deficiency states are thought to cause teratogenic effects. While vitamin B12 can be excreted into milk, it is safe for use while nursing. How Should It Be Given? For many years, veterinarians assumed that B12 had to be given by injection in order to be effective.
    [Show full text]