Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Iodine and Selenium
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Recent Insights Into the Role of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D Upon Cardiovascular Mortality: a Systematic Review
Acta Scientific Pharmaceutical Sciences (ISSN: 2581-5423) Volume 2 Issue 12 December 2018 Review Article Recent Insights into the Role of Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D upon Cardiovascular Mortality: A Systematic Review Raja Chakraverty1 and Pranabesh Chakraborty2* 1Assistant Professor, Bengal School of Technology (A College of Pharmacy), Sugandha, Hooghly, West Bengal, India 2Director (Academic), Bengal School of Technology (A College of Pharmacy),Sugandha, Hooghly, West Bengal, India *Corresponding Author: Pranabesh Chakraborty, Director (Academic), Bengal School of Technology (A College of Pharmacy), Sugandha, Hooghly, West Bengal, India. Received: October 17, 2018; Published: November 22, 2018 Abstract since the pathogenesis of several chronic diseases have been attributed to low concentrations of this vitamin. The present study Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D insufficiency has been observed worldwide at all stages of life. It is a major public health problem, throws light on the causal association of Vitamin B12 to cardiovascular disorders. Several evidences suggested that vitamin D has an effect in cardiovascular diseases thereby reducing the risk. It may happen in case of gene regulation and gene expression the vitamin D receptors in various cells helps in regulation of blood pressure (through renin-angiotensin system), and henceforth modulating the cell growth and proliferation which includes vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes functioning. The present review article is based on identifying correct mechanisms and relationships between Vitamin D and such diseases that could be important in future understanding in patient and healthcare policies. There is some reported literature about the causative association between disease (CAD). Numerous retrospective and prospective studies have revealed a consistent, independent relationship of mild hyper- Vitamin B12 deficiency and homocysteinemia, or its role in the development of atherosclerosis and other groups of Coronary artery homocysteinemia with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. -
Download Leaflet View the Patient Leaflet in PDF Format
Read all of this leaflet carefully before you are given this within the body usually caused by diseases of the gut, liver any other medicines. Driving and using machines medicine because it contains important information for or gall bladder. • Medicines for heart disease such as digoxin or verapamil as Ergocalciferol may cause drowsiness or your eyes to you. It is important that you have this medicine so that your these can cause high levels of calcium in the blood leading become very sensitive to light. If this happens to you, do bones and teeth form properly. • Keep this leaflet. You may need to read it again. to an irregular or fast heart beat. not drive or use machinery. • If you have any further questions, ask your doctor or nurse. 2. What you need to know before you are given • Antacids containing magnesium for indigestion. If you are 3. How you will be given Ergocalciferol • If you get any side effects, talk to your doctor or nurse. Ergocalciferol on kidney dialysis this can lead to high levels of Ergocalciferol will be given to you by your doctor or nurse. This includes any possible side effects not listed in this magnesium in the blood which causes muscle weakness, Important: Your doctor will choose the dose that is right leaflet. See section 4. You must not be given Ergocalciferol: low blood pressure, depression and coma. for you. In this leaflet, Ergocalciferol 300,000 IU Injection BP will • if you are allergic to ergocalciferol (vitamin D) or any of the other • Thiazide diuretics (‘water tablets’) to relieve water You will be given Ergocalciferol by your doctor or nurse as an injection into a muscle. -
Folic Acid, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin Combination
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Folic Acid, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin Combination Treatment and Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Women The Women’s Antioxidant and Folic Acid Cardiovascular Study William G. Christen, ScD; Robert J. Glynn, ScD; Emily Y. Chew, MD; Christine M. Albert, MD; JoAnn E. Manson, MD Background: Observational epidemiologic studies indi- and visually significant AMD, defined as confirmed in- cate a direct association between homocysteine concentra- cident AMD with visual acuity of 20/30 or worse attrib- tion in the blood and the risk of age-related macular degen- utable to this condition. eration (AMD), but randomized trial data to examine the effect of therapy to lower homocysteine levels in AMD are Results:Afteranaverageof7.3yearsoftreatmentandfollow- lacking. Our objective was to examine the incidence of AMD up, there were 55 cases of AMD in the combination treat- in a trial of combined folic acid, pyridoxine hydrochloride ment group and 82 in the placebo group (relative risk, 0.66; (vitamin B6), and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) therapy. 95% confidence interval, 0.47-0.93 [P=.02]). For visually significant AMD, there were 26 cases in the combination Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, treatment group and 44 in the placebo group (relative risk, placebo-controlled trial including 5442 female health care 0.59; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.95 [P=.03]). professionals 40 years or older with preexisting cardio- vascular disease or 3 or more cardiovascular disease risk Conclusions: These randomized trial data from a large factors. A total of 5205 of these women did not have a cohort of women at high risk of cardiovascular disease diagnosis of AMD at baseline and were included in this indicate that daily supplementation with folic acid, pyri- analysis. -
Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients
GUIDELINES ON FOOD FORTIFICATION FORTIFICATION FOOD ON GUIDELINES Interest in micronutrient malnutrition has increased greatly over the last few MICRONUTRIENTS WITH years. One of the main reasons is the realization that micronutrient malnutrition contributes substantially to the global burden of disease. Furthermore, although micronutrient malnutrition is more frequent and severe in the developing world and among disadvantaged populations, it also represents a public health problem in some industrialized countries. Measures to correct micronutrient deficiencies aim at ensuring consumption of a balanced diet that is adequate in every nutrient. Unfortunately, this is far from being achieved everywhere since it requires universal access to adequate food and appropriate dietary habits. Food fortification has the dual advantage of being able to deliver nutrients to large segments of the population without requiring radical changes in food consumption patterns. Drawing on several recent high quality publications and programme experience on the subject, information on food fortification has been critically analysed and then translated into scientifically sound guidelines for application in the field. The main purpose of these guidelines is to assist countries in the design and implementation of appropriate food fortification programmes. They are intended to be a resource for governments and agencies that are currently implementing or considering food fortification, and a source of information for scientists, technologists and the food industry. The guidelines are written from a nutrition and public health perspective, to provide practical guidance on how food fortification should be implemented, monitored and evaluated. They are primarily intended for nutrition-related public health programme managers, but should also be useful to all those working to control micronutrient malnutrition, including the food industry. -
Cyanocobalamin-A Case for Withdrawal
686 Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Volume 85 November 1992 Cyanocobalamin- a case for withdrawal: discussion paper A G Freeman MD FRCP Meadow Rise, 3 Lakeside, Swindon SN3 IQE Keywords: anaemia, pernicious; optic neuropathies; chronic cyanide intoxication; hydroxocobalamin; cyanocobalamin It seems evident that controversy still surrounds the reduced ability to detoxify the cyanide in the tobacco- treatment of pernicious anaemia and other vitamin smoke to which they are exposed'0. B12 deficiency disorders. The long quest for the 'anti- Patients with tobacco amblyopia who have normal pernicious anaemia factor' in the liver seemed to serum vitamin B12 levels need not continue therapy have ended in 1948 when pure cyanocobalamin was with intramuscular hydroxocobalamin once their isolated. This was found to be very active thera- visual acuity and visual fields have returned to peutically when given by intramuscular injection and normal providing they abstain from further smoking. was non-toxic in extremely high doses'. However, those patients who have low serum vitamin Lederle, in a recent commentary2, advocates that B12 levels or evidence of -defective vitamin B12 patients with pernicious anaemia should now be absorption will need to continue-indefinitely with treated with oral cyanocobalamin. He is not without hydroxocobalamin irrespective of their smoking support in that 40% of patients with pernicious habits as will all patients with pernicious anaemia anaemia in Sweden are being similarly treated3. and other vitamin B12 deficiency disorders who are He further states that such!- treatment is cheap at risk of developing- optic neuropathy if they and effective, produces clinical and haematological are smokers. -
Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, And
cells Article Leucine Improved Growth Performance, Muscle Growth, and Muscle Protein Deposition Through AKT/TOR and AKT/FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in Hybrid Catfish Pelteobagrus vachelli × Leiocassis longirostris 1, 1, 1, 2,3 2,3 2,3 Ye Zhao y, Jin-Yang Li y, Qin Jiang y, Xiao-Qiu Zhou , Lin Feng , Yang Liu , Wei-Dan Jiang 2,3, Pei Wu 2,3, Jian Zhou 4, Juan Zhao 2 and Jun Jiang 1,3,* 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; [email protected] (Y.Z.); [email protected] (J.-Y.L.); [email protected] (Q.J.) 2 Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; fi[email protected] (X.-Q.Z.); [email protected] (L.F.); [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (W.-D.J.); [email protected] (P.W.); [email protected] (J.Z.) 3 Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China 4 Fisheries Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science, Chengdu 611731, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: fi[email protected]; Tel.: +86-28-8629-1133 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 25 October 2019; Accepted: 29 January 2020; Published: 30 January 2020 Abstract: (1) Background: l-leucine (Leu) plays a positive role in regulating protein turnover in skeletal muscle in mammal. However, the molecular mechanism for the effects of Leu on muscle growth and protein deposition is not clearly demonstrated in fish. This study investigated the effects of dietary Leu on growth performance and muscle growth, protein synthesis, and degradation-related signaling pathways of hybrid catfish (Pelteobagrus vachelli Leiocassis longirostris ). -
These Highlights Do Not Include All the Information Needed to Use M.V.I. Pediatric® Safely and Effectively
M.V.I. PEDIATRIC- ascorbic acid, retinol, ergocalciferol, thiamine hydrochloride, riboflavin 5- phosphate sodium, pyridoxine hydrochloride, niacinamide, dexpanthenol, .alpha.-tocopherol acetate, dl-, biotin, folic acid, cyanocobalamin, and phytonadione injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution Hospira, Inc. ---------- HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION These highlights do not include all the information needed to use M.V.I. Pediatric® safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for M.V.I. Pediatric. M.V.I. Pediatric (multiple vitamins for injection), for intravenous use Initial U.S. Approval: 1983 RECENT MAJOR CHANGES Dosage And Administration, Dosage Information (2.2) 2/2019 INDICATIONS AND USAGE M.V.I. Pediatric is a combination of vitamins indicated for the prevention of vitamin deficiency in pediatric patients up to 11 years of age receiving parenteral nutrition (1) DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION M.V.I. Pediatric is a combination product that contains the following vitamins: ascorbic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, niacinamide, dexpanthenol, vitamin E, vitamin K, folic acid, biotin, and vitamin B12 (2.1) Supplied as a single-dose vial of lyophilized powder for reconstitution intended for administration by intravenous infusion after dilution. (2.1) Recommended daily dosage is based on patient's actual weight (2.2) Less than 1 kg: The daily dose is 1.5 mL 1 kg to 3 kg: The daily dose is 3.25 mL 3 kg or more: The daily dose is 5 mL One daily dose of the reconstituted solution (1.5 mL, 3.25 mL or 5 mL) is then added directly to the intravenous fluid (2.2,2.3) See Full Prescribing Information for reconstitution instructions (2.3) Monitor blood vitamin concentrations (2.4) See Full Prescribing Information for drug incompatibilities (2.5) DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS M.V.I. -
A Clinical Update on Vitamin D Deficiency and Secondary
References 1. Mehrotra R, Kermah D, Budoff M, et al. Hypovitaminosis D in chronic 17. Ennis JL, Worcester EM, Coe FL, Sprague SM. Current recommended 32. Thimachai P, Supasyndh O, Chaiprasert A, Satirapoj B. Efficacy of High 38. Kramer H, Berns JS, Choi MJ, et al. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D testing and kidney disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;3:1144-1151. 25-hydroxyvitamin D targets for chronic kidney disease management vs. Conventional Ergocalciferol Dose for Increasing 25-Hydroxyvitamin supplementation in CKD: an NKF-KDOQI controversies report. Am J may be too low. J Nephrol. 2016;29:63-70. D and Suppressing Parathyroid Hormone Levels in Stage III-IV CKD Kidney Dis. 2014;64:499-509. 2. Hollick MF. Vitamin D: importance in the prevention of cancers, type 1 with Vitamin D Deficiency/Insufficiency: A Randomized Controlled Trial. diabetes, heart disease, and osteoporosis. Am J Clin Nutr 18. OPKO. OPKO diagnostics point-of-care system. Available at: http:// J Med Assoc Thai. 2015;98:643-648. 39. Jetter A, Egli A, Dawson-Hughes B, et al. Pharmacokinetics of oral 2004;79:362-371. www.opko.com/products/point-of-care-diagnostics/. Accessed vitamin D(3) and calcifediol. Bone. 2014;59:14-19. September 2 2015. 33. Kovesdy CP, Lu JL, Malakauskas SM, et al. Paricalcitol versus 3. Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Rimm EB, et al. Prospective study of predictors ergocalciferol for secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD stages 3 and 40. Petkovich M, Melnick J, White J, et al. Modified-release oral calcifediol of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men. -
Niacin (Nicotinic Acid) in Non-Physiological Doses Causes Hyperhomocysteineaemia in Sprague–Dawley Rats
Downloaded from British Journal of Nutrition (2002), 87, 115–119 DOI: 10.1079/BJN2001486 q The Authors 2002 https://www.cambridge.org/core Niacin (nicotinic acid) in non-physiological doses causes hyperhomocysteineaemia in Sprague–Dawley rats Tapan K. Basu*, Neelam Makhani and Gary Sedgwick . IP address: Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5 Canada (Received 22 September 2000 – Revised 17 July 2001 – Accepted 6 August 2001) 170.106.35.93 Niacin (nicotinic acid) in its non-physiological dose level is known to be an effective lipid- , on lowering agent; its potential risk as a therapeutic agent, however, has not been critically 27 Sep 2021 at 22:43:08 considered. Since niacin is excreted predominantly as methylated pyridones, requiring methionine as a methyl donor, the present study was undertaken to examine whether metabolism of the amino acid is altered in the presence of large doses of niacin. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were given a nutritionally adequate, semi-synthetic diet containing niacin at a level of either 400 or 1000 mg/kg diet (compared to 30 mg/kg in the control diet) for up to 3 months. Supplementation with niacin (1000 mg/kg diet) for 3 months resulted in a significant increase in plasma and urinary total homocysteine levels; this increase was further accentuated in the , subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at presence of a high methionine diet. The hyperhomocysteineaemia was accompanied by a significant decrease in plasma concentrations of vitamins B6 and B12, which are cofactors for the metabolism of homocysteine. -
Amino B12 Amino B12 and Erectile
Amino B12 Ingredients and Their Roles Glutamine 30mg/ml: Amino Acid Glutamine plays key roles in protein metabolism, cell volumizing, and anti-catabolism. Glutamine also increases your ability to secrete Human Growth Hormone, which helps metabolize body fat and support new muscle growth. Glutamine's anti-catabolism ability prevents the breakdown of your muscles. Arginine 100mg/ml + Ornithine 50mg/ml:Amino Acids Your body uses ornithine to synthesize arginine, then arginine is used to produce nitric oxide. Nitric oxide regulates smooth muscle contraction, which allows it to relax the muscles in blood vessels. Promotes vasodilation and blood flow. The amino acid ornithine is a perfectly-suited supplement to arginine. It is reduced Amino B12 and Erectile Dysfunction to arginine in the body, but this occurs very slowly, so that its effects last a long time. The combination of both amino acids improves the overall regeneration L-arginine improves blood flow. It does so by capability of the body and leads to a noticeable increase creating nitric oxide (NO), a gas that helps dilate in vitality. blood vessels. L-arginine has been shown to help people with heart disease or clogged arteries Lysine 50mg/ml: Amino Acid because of its vessel-widening abilities. Lysine is very important in the creation of carnitine, which converts fatty acids into energy and also lowers The same effect on blood vessels helps improve cholesterol levels. L-lysine also seems to play a role in symptoms of erectile dysfunction (ED). The L- absorbing calcium and helps the body form collagen, citrulline to NO path increases blood flow to a which aids in the growth and maintenance of bones and man’s genitals. -
Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1
2015 Dietary Supplements Compendium DSC Volume 1 General Notices and Requirements USP–NF General Chapters USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs USP–NF Excipient Monographs FCC General Provisions FCC Monographs FCC Identity Standards FCC Appendices Reagents, Indicators, and Solutions Reference Tables DSC217M_DSCVol1_Title_2015-01_V3.indd 1 2/2/15 12:18 PM 2 Notice and Warning Concerning U.S. Patent or Trademark Rights The inclusion in the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium of a monograph on any dietary supplement in respect to which patent or trademark rights may exist shall not be deemed, and is not intended as, a grant of, or authority to exercise, any right or privilege protected by such patent or trademark. All such rights and privileges are vested in the patent or trademark owner, and no other person may exercise the same without express permission, authority, or license secured from such patent or trademark owner. Concerning Use of the USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Attention is called to the fact that USP Dietary Supplements Compendium text is fully copyrighted. Authors and others wishing to use portions of the text should request permission to do so from the Legal Department of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention. Copyright © 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention ISBN: 978-1-936424-41-2 12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 All rights reserved. DSC Contents iii Contents USP Dietary Supplements Compendium Volume 1 Volume 2 Members . v. Preface . v Mission and Preface . 1 Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations . 1. General Notices and Requirements . 9 USP Dietary Supplement Verification Program . .205 USP–NF General Chapters . 25 Dietary Supplements Regulatory USP–NF Dietary Supplement Monographs . -
Vitamin D Is a Membrane Antioxidant Ability to Inhibit Iron-Dependent Lipid
Volume 326, number 1,2,3, 285-288 FEBS 12707 July 1993 © 1993 Federation of European Biochemical Societies 00145793/93/$6.00 Vitamin D is a membrane antioxidant Ability to inhibit iron-dependent lipid peroxidation in liposomes compared to cholesterol, ergosterol and tamoxifen and relevance to anticancer action Helen Wiseman Pharmacology Group, King's College, University of London, Manresa Road, London S W3 6LX, UK Received 17 May 1993 Vitamin D is a membrane antioxidant: thus Vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol) and its active metabolite 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and also Vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol) and 7-dehydrocholesterol (pro-Vitamin D3) all inhibited iron-dependent liposomal lipid peroxidation. Cholecalciferol, 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol and ergocalciferol were all of similar effectiveness as inhibitors of lipid peroxidation but were less effective than 7- dehydrocholesterol; this was a better inhibitor of lipid peroxidation than cholesterol, though not ergosterol. The structural basis for the antioxidant ability of these Vitamin D compounds is considered in terms of their molecular relationship to cholesterol and ergosterol. Furthermore, the antioxidant ability of Vitamin D is compared to that of the anticancer drug tamoxifen and its 4-hydroxy metabolite (structural mimics of cholesterol) and discussed in relation to the anticancer action of this vitamin. Vitamin D; Liposomal lipid peroxidation; Anticancer action; Tamoxifen; Membrane antioxidant; Cholesterol 1. INTRODUCTION tabolite 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 7-dehydro- cholesterol are derived from and structurally related to Vitamin D, which includes Vitamin D 3 (cholecalci- cholesterol, whereas ergosterol is the parent compound ferol) and Vitamin D 2 (ergocalciferol), is a lipid soluble of ergocalciferol and this led us to investigate their anti- vitamin, which is metabolized to the hormonally active oxidant abilities.