MIS for DISASTER HANDLING: a CASE STUDY by Mauricio Ramirez
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MIS FOR DISASTER HANDLING: A CASE STUDY by Mauricio Ramirez Ingeniero Civil, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Bogota, Colombia, 1984 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 18, 1987 Copyright (c) 1987 Mauricio Ramirez The author hereby grants to M.I.T. permission to reproduce and to distribute copies of this thesis document in whole or in part. Signature of Author Depa'rt1tent o't civi Engineering Ja•uary 16, 1987 Certified by Protessor F~ed Moavenzadefh Th sis Supervisor Accepted by Professor Ole S. Madsen Chairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate Studies MIS FOR DISASTER HANDLING: A CASE STUDY by Mauricio Ramirez Submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering on January 16, 1986 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for .the degree of Master of Science in Civil Engineering ABSTRACT When a natural disaster strikes, most aspects of human life are affected: economic, social, psychological, medical, urban and rural infrastructure, etc. Integral solutions that can balance all the different sectors are required. In large-scale disasters, it is necessary to use a wide range of public as well as private institutions as part of the reconstruction and reactivation effort. The November 13, 1985 eruption of the "Nevado del Ruiz" volcano (located in Colombia), resulted in the death of more than 30,000 people, and left more than 27,000 refugees. This disaster has been used as a case study. Interviews and work in the field were carried out. The paper- flow, reports and information requirements were agreed upon with the help of top management in charge of reconstruction. A relational data structure was used to develop a system that satisfies their information handling needs for the control of the projects. Thesis Supervisor: Dr. Fred Moavenzadeh Title: Professor, Civil Engineering ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank professor Fred Moavenzadeh for his guidance and advice during the elaboration of this thesis. Eng. Jaime Salamanca (Project Manager of RESURGIR) and Dr. Pedro Gomez (former President of RESURGIR) lent me their unconditional cooperation and support on my field work. Their time and effort were essential to the completion of this paper. Lastly, I wish to thank my parents to whom I owe everything. To my parents. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ....................................... 2 Acknowledgements ..................................... 3 Dedication ........................................ 4 Table of Contents .................................. 5 Introduction ...................................... 10 1. CHAPTER 1 THE TRAGEDY AND THE GOVERNMENT'S IMEDIATE RESPONSE 13 1.1. THE MOUNTAIN ................................ 13 1.2. THE WARNING ................................. 13 1.3. THE TRAGEDY................................. 22 1.4. RESCUE AND RELIEF ACTIVITIES................ 23 1.4.1. Organization for the Coordination of the Emergency .............................. 27 1.4.1.1. The Relief Commission............... 27 1.4.1.2. The Communications Commission ....... 28 1.4.1.3. The Technical Commission. ........... 28 1.4.1.4. Local Emergency Committees .......... 29 1.4.2. Actions Taken to Attend to the Emergency 30 1.4.2.1. Rescue and Relief...... 1 .1. Activities of the Armed Forces......... 30 1 .2. Activities of the Civil Defense........ 30 1 .3. The Colombian Red Cross............... 30 1 .4. Activities of the Ministry of Public Health.......................... 30 1 .5. The Colombian Institute of Welfare (ICBF)......................... 33 1 .6. The Institute of Agricultural Marketing (IDEMA)...................... 33 1 .7. The International Voluntary Organizations ......................... 34 1.4 Communications Commission................. 34 1 .1. Popular Integration Department ........ 34 1 .2. Colombian League of Ham Radio Operators............................ 35 1 .3. Press, Radio and Television........... 36 1 .4. Air and Ground Transportation......... 36 1 .5. ECOPETROL............................. 37 1.4.2.3. Technical Commission...................... 37 1.4.3. Coordination of National And Foreign Aid ...... 39 4.3.1. Administration Department of the Presidency.............................. 39 4.3.2. Ministry of Foreign Affairs............... 40 1.4.3.3. United Nations Development Program........ 40 1.4.3.4. Chamber of Commerce....................... 41 1.4.4. Initial Evaluation of Damages and Emer- gency Reconstruction of Infrastructure........ 42 1.4.4.1. Ministry of Public Works.................. 42 1.4.4.2. Colombian Electric Power Institute........ 43 1.4.4.3. Ministry of Agriculture......... ....... 45 1.4.4.4. Institute of Territorial Credit (ICT)..... 47 1.4.4.5. SENA...................................... 49 1.5. THE TOWN OF ARMERO ................................. 50 2. CHAPTER 2 THE RECONSTRUCTION PROGRAM 2.1. CREATION OF RESURGIR ............................ 53 2.2. THE PLANNING STAGE ............................ 53 2.2.1. Objectives .................................. 54 2.2.2. Strategies .................................. 55 2.3. THE PROGRAM ..................................... 56 2.3.1. Health sector ............................... 57 2.3.1.1. Prioritization Criteria ............... 57 2.3.1.2. Objectives .............................. 59 2.3.1.3. Activities .............................. 60 2.3.1.3.1. Attention to the Public ............. 60 2.3.1.3.2. Health Infrastructure ............... 60 2.3.1.4. Family Care ............................. 61 2.3.1.5. Summary of Projects ...................... 62 2.3.2. Communications Sector ....................... 62 2.3.2.1. Prioritization Criteria ................. 62 2.3.2.1.1. Reconstruction of the Infrastructure ...................... 63 2.3.2.1.2. Projects Related to Regional Reconstruction ............. 63 2.3.2.2. Summary of Projects ................... 63 2.3.2.2.1. Reconstruction of the Infrastructure (Priority A) ......... 64 2.3.2.2.2. Projects Related to Regional Reconstruction (Priority B) ......... 64 2.3.2.2.3. Projects Related to Regional Development (Priority C) ............ 65 2.3.3. Sewage and Aqueduct Sector ................. 66 2.3.3.1. Sanitary Status ......................... 66 2.3.3.2. Prioritization Criteria ................. 69 2.3.3.2.1. Reconstruction of the Infrastructure ...................... 69 2.3.3.2.2. Projects Related to Regional Reconstruction ............. 70 2.3.3.3. Summary of Projects ..................... 70 2.3.3.3.1. Reconstruction of Infrastructure (Priority A) ......... 70 2.3.3.3.2. Projects Related to Region- al Infrastructure (Priority B) ...... 71 41 0S 1t 2.3. U•QUI-C U L CL U L • a • a•• • a • • ········· . 0 71 ········· .. 74 2. .4.1. Objectives ................. .. 2. .4.2. Summary of Proiects ........ ········· 75 2. 3.5. Electric Power Sector ....................... 75 2.3.5.1. Current Status .......................... 75 2.3.5.2. Prioritization .......................... 78 2.3.5.2.1. Reconstruction of Infrastructure ...................... 78 2.3.5.2.2. Projects Related to Regional Reconstruction ............. 78 2.3.5.3. Summary of Projects ..................... 79 2.3.5.3.1. Reconstruction of In- frastructure (Priority A) ........... 79 2.3.5.3.2. Projects Related to Regional Reconstruction (Priori ty B) ......... 79 2.3.6. Social and Community Sector ...... 80 2.3.6.1. Migration of Victims ......... 80 2.3.6.2. Living Conditions ......... 85 2.3.6.3. Organization of the Community 87 2.3.6.3.1. Participation Committees in RESURGIR .............. ......... 87 2.3.6.4. Summary of Projects........... ......... 88 2.3.7. Economic Recuperation Sector ............... 89 2. 3.7.1. Objectives ............................. 89 2. 3.7.2. Ariculture ............................ 89 2.3.7.2.1. Strategies ......................... 90 2.3.7.2.2. Programs ........................... 90 2. 3.7.3. Employment and Community Development .................. 94 2.3.7.3.1. Industry, commerce and services ....................... 94 2.3.7.3.2. Community Organization and Training ....................... 95 2.3.7.4. Summary of Projects .................... 96 2.3.7.4.1. Agriculture ........................ 96 2.3.7.4.2. Employment ......................... 96 2.3 Risk Prevention Sector . 96 2 .8.1. Diagnosis .......... 96 .3.8.1.1. Design Events . 96 .3.8.1.2. Employment ..... 97 2 .8.2. Objective .......... 99 2 .8.3. Programs ........... 99 2 .8.4. Summary of Projects 101 2.3.9. Housing Program ............. ···· 102 2 .3.9.1. Policies ................ ···· 102 2 .3.9.2. Objectives .............. ···· 102 2 .3.9.3. Regional Settlement ..... ···· 103 2.3.9.3.1. Housing Program..... ···· 103 2.3.9.3.2. Selection of the Loca tion 104 2.3.9.3.3. Regional Settlement ... ..... 0 0 . 106 2.3.9.3.4. Criteria for Regional Services .... 106 2 .3.9.4. Rural Areas 107 2 .3.9.5. Summary of Projects ..... 000000000000000...........00 00 0* 00 00 a•... 10 107 8 2.3.10 Transportation Sector .................... 108 2.3.10.1. Present Status ...................... 108 2.3.10.1.1. Road Transportation ............. 108 2.3.10.1.2. Train ........................... 109 2.3.10.1.3. Airports ................. ........ 109 2.3.10.1.4. Fluvial Transportation .......... 112 2.3.10.2. Prioritization Criteria ............. 112 2.3.10.2.1. Reconstruction of Infrastructure ............... 113 2.3.10.2.2. Regional Reconstruction ......... 114 2.3.10.3. Summary of Projects ............ 115 2.3.10.3.1.