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H I S T O R Y O F T H E S O C I E T Y O F T H E P R E C I O U S B L O O D Rev. Isidore Oberhauser, C.PP.S. Carthagena, Ohio 1929 reissued with appendix 1973 !1 CONTENTS PART ONE - ST. GASPAR DEL BUFALO, FOUNDER Chapter One Private Life 1. Birth and childhood 2. Preparation for holy priesthood 3. Priesthood of St. Gaspar before his exile 4. St. Gaspar in exile 5. Immediately after St. Gaspar's exile founding of The community 6. The first years of the community under Pius VII (1815-1823) 7. The community under Leo XII and Pius VIII (1823-1830) 8. Last years of St. Gaspar's life (1831-1837) Under Gregory XVI Chapter Two Varia 1. Idea of the community according to saint gaspar 2. Devotion to the precious blood 3. Devotion to the blessed virgin in the community 4. Archconfraternity of the Precious Blood 5. Vincent Tani 6. Don luigi Achilli 7. Vincent De Nicola 8. Gaetano Bonanni 9. Giosaphat petrocchi 10. Cardinal Bellisario Cristaldi 11. Francesco Albertini 12. Blessed Vincent Strambi 13. Father Vincent Pallotti: Chapter Three Houses C.PP.S. founded during the lifetime of St. Gaspar 1. St. Felix at Giano - first house of the community: (1815-1860) 2. House in Pievetorina: 1819 3. Albano, church of St. Paul: 1821 4. Rimini church of St. Clara: 1824 5. Houses in the coast territory and the Campagna 6. Benevento 7. Cesena: 1831 8. Nepi: 1832 9. Macerata Feltria: 1832 10. Pennabilli: 1833 Chapter Four - THE SEMINARY DURING ST. GASPAR’S TIME Chapter Five - MISSIONS Chapter Six - SISTERS ADORERS OF THE PRECIOUS BLOOD Chapter Seven - STATISTICS 1. Members during Saint Gaspar's life 2. Privileges received from the holy see during the lifetime of St. Gaspar: PART TWO SECOND MODERATOR GENERAL (1838-1847) Chapter One LIFE OF BIAGIO (BLASE) VALENTINI (1838-1847) 1. Life before entering community 2. Life in the community during St. Gaspar's lifetime 3. Life as moderator, C.PP.S.: 1838-1847 Chapter Two VARIA 1. The rule 2. Houses outside of Swiss and American Province: !2 A. S. Salvatore in Campo was the first house in Rome for our Fathers. B. Ancona C. Porto Recanati Chapter Three FATHER FRANCIS SALESIUS MARIA BRUNNER: 1. Private life 2. Benedictine 3. Trappist 4. Undecidedness 5. Father Brunner joins C.PP.S. Chapter Four - VARIA 1. Anna Maria Brunner and the beginning of C.PP.S. Sisters 2. Löwenberg 3. Trois Epis 4. Odilienberg 5. Eugen Lachat 6. St. Alphonsus 7. Thompson (Frank) 8. Tiffin 9. Wolfscreek (New Riegel) 10. Cleveland Sandusky Akron 11. Maria Stein 12. Minster 13. John Wittmer 14. Matthias Kreusch 15. Nicholas Gales 16. Anthony Meyer 17. John VanderBrook 18. John Jacomet 19. Bibliography 20. Privileges PART THREE THIRD MODERATOR GENERAL (1847-1873) Chapter One VEN. FATHER GIOVANNI MERLINI (1847-1873) A. Private life B. Life as moderator Chapter Two AMERICAN PROVINCE UNDER THE MODERATORSHIP OF MERLINI (1847-1873) 1. Father Salesius Brunner, provincial 1859 2. 1850 1854 3. 1855 1858 4. 1858 to Fr. Brunner’s death (Dec. 29, 1859) Chapter Three V. REV. ANDREW KUNKLER, PROVINCIAL C.PP.S. (1860-1874) 1. Private life 2. Provincial, C.PP.S. Chapter Four VARIA 1. HOUSES STARTED IN EUROPE DURING FR. MERLINI'S MODERATORSHIP a) Spello, in Umbria b) Naples c) Marino d) Veroli e) Patrica f) Maria in Trivio g) Baumgärtle 2. NOTES ON SOME OF THE NEW ESTABLISHMENTS IN U.S. PROVINCE DURING FR. MERLINI'S MODERATORSHIP: !3 a) Maria Steig (near Thompson) b) St. Charles Seminary - Convent of the Assumption c) Tennessee: C.PP.S. establishment 1872 - 1898 d) California Province e) Schellenberg 3. NOTES ON SOME PROMINENT C.PP.S. MEN DURING FR. MERLINI'S MODERATORSHIP a) Sillani, bishop of Terracina b) Homburger: (1817-1875) c) Bishop Dwenger d) Father Joseph Albrecht PART FOUR FOURTH MODERATOR GENERAL (1873-1884) Chapter One - LIFE OF HENRY RIZZOLI (1873 - 1884) Chapter Two - AMERICAN PROVINCE UNDER RIZZOLI Chapter Three - FATHER BERNARD AUSTERMANN - PROVINCIAL 1874-1880 Chapter Four - FATHER HENRY DREES, PROVINCIAL 1880 - 1898 PART FIVE FIFTH MODERATOR GENERAL (1884-1890) Chapter One CAJETAN (GAETANO) CAPORALI Chapter Two AMERICAN PROVINCE UNDER CAPORALI PART SIX SIXTH MODERATOR GENERAL (1891-1894) Chapter One SALVATORE PALMIERI (1891-1894) Chapter Two AMERICAN PROVINCE UNDER PALMIERI PART SEVEN SEVENTH MODERATOR GENERAL (1894-1905) Chapter One LIFE OF LUIGI BIASCHELLI (1894-1905) Chapter Two - AMERICAN PROVINCE DURING FR. BIASCHELLI'S TERM Chapter Three - FATHER BONIFACE RUSS - PROVINCIAL 1898 - 1914 Part Eight EIGHTH MODERATOR GENERAL - HYACINTH PETRONI (1905-1928) Chapter One LIFE OF HYACINTH PETRONI Chapter Two AMERICAN PROVINCE UNDER FATHER PETRONI Chapter Three - FATHER GEORGE HINDELANG, PROVINCIAL 1914 - 1926 Appendix: PARALLEL CHRONOLOGY !4 Part One - St. Gaspar Del Bufalo, Founder Chapter One Private Life 1. BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD St. Gaspar was born January 6 (Feast of Epiphany which accounts for the name Gaspar) 1786. His parents were both good Catholics. His father a rather rough and financially careless man. His mother a very saintly women. At the time of the birth of St. Gaspar the family lived in Rome (St. Gaspar was the first Roman founder of a community) and were in charge of the kitchen of certain Roman Nobleman. As a child Gaspar was very sickly and as an effect of measles was on the point of blindness; his mother took refuge to St. Francis Xavier and through his intercession Gaspar kept his eyesight; this fact in all probability prompted St. Gaspar to choose St. Francis as the Patron of his Community. In his tender years his disposition was precociously serious. Sin when witnessed would affect him even physically; thus once when hearing a vulgar expression he could not continue his meal. Often his mother found him kneeling on his hands whilst making his private devotions at home. He often slept on the floor and fasted already in his earliest years. Also interior mortification was practiced by him in these early years; he was of a very high tempered nature, still he was known to be a most quiet and meek companion among the other children. As might be expected he was ever anxious to serve Mass; at home he had an altar where the functions and sermons seen in the church were repeated. He received his first Holy Communion at the age of 11; and continued to receive from two to three times a week. Gaspar showed only ordinary talent in his primary studies but showed an extraordinary amount of concentration and application. 2. PREPARATION FOR HOLY PRIESTHOOD As might be expected St. Gaspar chose the priesthood for his vocation. At the age of 11 he started his studies to this end in the Collegium Romanum. Prayer was a very important part of his life also during his student days. He was merely a day scholar at the Collegium, still he attended daily Mass and the customary walk was to some church, preferably where there was exposition of the Bl. Sacrament. Also his rigor towards himself was not lessened during these days; every Friday and Saturday were rigorous fast days for him. Exteriorly he was also scrupulously neat. At the age of 14 he received Tonsure. This was a step forward for St. Gaspar; he was now entitled to enter the different organizations in Rome for the furtherance of preaching and catechizing. This opportunity he promptly used and at the age of 17 we find him drawing the attention of prominent ecclesiastics by his teaching and preaching. During these years he also visited the prisons and hospitals, would gather the children together to give them instruction in Catholic doctrine. As a student he also already showed his !5 instinct for organizing. Two organizations, the purpose of which was the religious education of the faithful, are recorded as having Saint Gaspar as their mainstay for several years before his ordination to the priesthood. Once during his student days he was on the point of joining the monks of St. Sylvester; his parents, however, refused to give their consent. To make up for this, St. Gaspar joined several confraternities. 3. PRIESTHOOD OF ST. GASPAR BEFORE HIS EXILE In 1808 St. Gaspar received the diaconate; in the interval before receiving the priesthood (July 1808) he had a severe temptation not to be ordained, on the plea of unworthiness. Bl. Vincent Strambi put this doubt aside for him. As Priest St. Gaspar was very exact and edifying during Mass and office; he never used the privilege he had from Pius VII to omit the Office during the Missions. It is said that he declared himself willing to sacrifice his life for a single Rubric. In his exterior appearance St. Gaspar was scrupulously clean but never extravagant. He was always rather reserved in his dealings with women. Although a priest only two years (before his exile) he became prominent in the City. He became one of the main officers of the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine. Besides this he succeeded in making the church "S. Maria in Vincis" the most popular devotional church in the City. Cajetan Bonanni joined St. Gaspar in this work. St. Gaspar helped even in the manual work for the restoration of this church. During these two years of St. Gaspar's life, two facts seem to point to the beginning of our Founder's devotion to the Precious Blood. December 8, 1808 the Pious Union (out of which the Archconfraternity arose) of the Precious Blood was established, and on this occasion St. Gaspar gave the opening sermon; this was in the church of S.