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Historical Photographs of the Middle East from the Middle East Centre, St AST E Guide IDDLE M Historical Photographs of the Middle East From the Middle East Centre, St. Antony’s College, Oxford Editor: Gillian Grant HOTOGRAPHS OF THE THE HOTOGRAPHS OF P ISTORICAL ISTORICAL H AIDC PUBLISHERP U R L 1 5H E R S S BRILLB RI LL HistoricaHistoricall PhotographsPhotographs ooff thethe MiddlMiddlee EastEast FroFromm thethe MiddleMiddle EastEast Centre,Centre, St.St. Antony'sAntony's College,College, OxfordOxford oonn microfichmicrofichee CataloguCataloguee '"V •".;../,.•.,'..,A •„.., . Editor:Editor: GillianGillian GrantGrant ÖIDIDCC HistoricalHistorical Photographs.Photographs ooff ththee MiddlMiddlee EastEast ContentContentss ArabianArabian Peninsula,Peninsula, 1908-1959. .................................................. l1 PalestinePalestine andand Jordan,Jordan, 1857-19711857-1971............................................... 9 SyriSyriaa andand LebanonLebanon,, ca.ca. 1858-19701858-1970. ............................................ 2727 IraqIraq,, 1909-19561909-1956 ........................................................................ 3377 Turkey,Turkey, CentralCentral Asia,Asia, IraIrann andand Afghanistan,Afghanistan, 1866-1962...........1866-1962 4949 EgyptEgypt,, TheThe SudanSudan andand Eritrea,Eritrea, 1870's-1973187u's-1973 ............................. 5757 NortNorthh Africa,Africa, 1907-1951907-19555 ..........................................................6363 PersonalPersonal namnamee indexindex .................................................................6565 PlacePlace namnamee indeindexx ...................................................................... 7171 SubjecSubjectt indeindexx ........................................................................... 7777 © 1985.1985. WardeWardenn anandd FellowFellowss ofof St.St. Antony'sAntony's CollegeCollege inin thethe UniversityUniversity ofof Oxford,Oxford, U.K.U.K. ISBNISBN:: 33 8575857500 060655 4 PublishedPublished bbyy InteInterr DocumentationDocumentation CompanyCompany AG,AG, PoststrassPoststrassee 14,14, Zug,Zug, 1985.1985. CoveCoverr illustrationillustration:: PrincPrincee FaisaFaisall ib ibnn SauSaudd wit withh AbdullaAbdullahh ibibnn QusaibiQusaibi,, HumphreHumphreyy BowmaBowmann anandd MisMisss Altham Altham,, oonn thethe deckdeck ooff H.M.TH.M.T.. "Kigoma""Kigoma" en en routeroute forfor England, England, 1919.1919. (Bowman(Bowman Collection).Collection). MiddlMiddlee EastEast PhotographsPhotographs PhotographPhotographss ar aree o off greagreatt valuvaluee iinn scholarlyscholarly re-re- 60,0060,0000 photographs,photographs, andand coverscovers mosmostt ooff ththee MiddlMiddlee searcsearchh aass historicahistoricall - andand artisticartistic - -documents. documents. East.East. A selectionselection ofof overover 16,00016,000 ofof thesethese photo-photo- IDIDCC thereforetherefore endeavoursendeavours ttoo publispublishh photo-photo- graphgraphss iiss nonoww publishedpublished byby IDC.IDC. ThisThis collectioncollection graphicgraphic archivearchivess oonn microfichemicrofiche,, whicwhichh isis thethe onlyonly wilwilll bebe ofof interestinterest toto - -among among others others-th - thee historianhistorian,, practicalpractical andand economiceconomic wayway forfor largelarge collections.collections. ththee archaeologist,archaeologist, ththee anthropologistanthropologist,, andand thethe artart historianhistorian.. TheThe photographiphotographicc archivearchive inin thethe MiddleMiddle East East CentreCentre ofof St.St. Antony'sAntony's College,College, Oxford,Oxford, consistsconsists ofof overover TheThe developmentdevelopment ooff photographyphotography inin thethe MiddleMiddle EastEast TheThe photographicphotographic documentationdocumentation ofof thethe MiddleMiddle bbyy MuhammadMuhammad SadiqSadiq andand Dr.Dr. alal SaidSaid abdabd alal EastEast beganbegan soosoonn afteafterr thethe announcementannouncement ooff thethe Ghaffar.Ghaffar. daguerreotypedaguerreotype procesprocesss iinn 1839.1839. TheThe pioneerspioneers ooff BByy ththee 1890's1890's GeorgeGeorge Eastman'sEastman's simplesimple snapshotsnapshot ththee newnew artart ofo fphotography photography camecame mostlymostly fromfrom cameracamera hahadd broughbroughtt photographyphotography withinwithin thethe rangerange Europe,Europe, andand,, onon thethe whole,whole, concentratedconcentrated theirtheir of everyone. Travellers now began to carry their efforteffortss onon thethe monumentalmonumental antiquitiesantiquities ofof EgyptEgypt of everyone. Travellers now began to carry their own cameras, as did the growing number of anandd onon thosethose areasareas ofof Palestine Palestine withwith biblicalbiblical own cameras, as did the growing number of EuropeanEuropean armyarmy officers,officers, administrativeadministrative officialsofficials associationsassociations.. TheiTheirr photographsphotographs becamebecame popularpopular iinn Europe,Europe, andand byby thethe 1860's1860's aa numbernumber ofof profes-profes- anandd missionariesmissionaries whowho workedworked inin thethe MiddleMiddle EastEast sionasionall photographerphotographerss hahadd openeopenedd studiosstudios iinn thethe durinduringg anandd afterafter thethe firstfirst worldworld war.war. TheThe photo-photo- MiddlMiddlee EasEastt iinn ordeorderr ttoo taketake advantageadvantage ofof thethe graphsgraphs theythey tooktook werewere primarilyprimarily aa recordrecord ofof per-per- increasinincreasingg demand demandss o off ththee touristtourist marketmarket forfor sonasonall experienceexperience,, butbut manymany amateursamateurs alsoalso recordedrecorded momentosmomentos ooff locallocal sites.sites. StudiosStudios werewere setset upup inin facetfacetss ofof every-dayevery-day lifelife whichwhich mightmight havehave beenbeen IstanbulIstanbul,, Cairo,Cairo, PortPort Said,Said, Beirut,Beirut, DamascusDamascus andand ignoredignored oror distorteddistorted byby thethe professional professional photo-photo- JerusaleJerusalemm wherwheree firmsfirms suchsuch asas Arnoux,Arnoux, Bonfils,Bonfils, graphergrapher whowho alwaysalways had,had, ofof necessity,necessity, anan eyeeye toto LekegiaLekegiann anandd SebahSébah andand JoaillerJoailler producedproduced hun-hun- thethe market.market. dreddredss ofof photographsphotographs ofof importantimportant buildingsbuildings anandd antiquities.antiquities. LargeLarge numbersnumbers ofof thesethese photographsphotographs werweree broughbroughtt backback toto EuropeEurope byby travellerstravellers andand missionaries,missionaries, anandd althougalthoughh manmanyy havehave beenbeen lostlost oror destroyeddestroyed overover thethe years,years , severalseveral importantimportant collectionscollections havehave survivedsurvived anandd areare nownow preservedpreserved inin archivesarchives andand librarieslibraries inin EuropeEurope andand America.America. DurinDuringg ththee lattelatterr partpart ofof thethe nineteenthnineteenth centurycentury developmentsdevelopments iinn thethe techniquestechniques ofof photographyphotography encourageencouragedd mormoree amateuramateurss t oto taketake theirtheir ownown photographsphotographs.. ThesThesee earlearlyy enthusiastenthusiastss turneturnedd theitheirr camerascameras toto aa largerlarger areaarea andand aa widerwider varietyvariety ooff subjectssubjects thanthan thethe studiostudio photographers;photographers; itit wawass durinduringg ththee 1870's1870's andand 1880's1880's forfor instanceinstance thathatt thethe firstfirst photographsphotographs ofof thethe HijazHijaz werewere taketakenn CitCityy Gate.Gate. Kuwait,Kuwait, 1928.1928. (Van(Van EssEss collection).collection). TheThe PhotographiPhotographicc ArchivArchivee ooff ththee MiddlMiddlee EastEast CentreCentre,, OxforOxfordd TheThe developmentdevelopment ooff photographyphotography iinn thethe MiddlMiddlee ColonelColonel J.B.J.B. Slade-Baker;Slade-Baker; anandd thethe JerusalemJerusalem andand EastEast outlinedoutlined aboveabove cancan bebe tracedtraced throughthrough thethe EasEastt Mission,Mission, whoswhosee collectiocollectionn iiss ononee ooff ththee largestlargest photographicphotographic archivearchive ofof thethe MiddleMiddle East East CentreCentre atat thethe CentreCentre andand containscontains somesome ofof thethe earliestearliest inin Oxford,Oxford, whichwhich isis probably probably oneone ofo fthe the largest largest photographs.photographs. singlesingle collectionscollections ofof historicalhistorical photographsphotographs ofof TheThe photographsphotographs whichwhich makemake upup thesethese collectionscollections thethe MiddleMiddle EastEast inin Britain.Britain. covercover aa widewide varietyvariety ofo fsubjects; subjects ;archaeology, archaeology, ThThee archivearchive gregreww ououtt ofof thethe PrivatePrivate PapersPapers col-col- architecture,architecture, thethe developmentdevelopment ofof majormajor townstowns andand lectionlection,, whichwhich waswas begunbegun iinn 19611961 byby ElizabethElizabeth cities,cities, portraitsportraits ofof rulers,rulers, historichistoric meetings,meetings, officialofficial MonroMonroee anandd AlberAlbertt HouranHouranii witwithh ththee aimaim ofof events,events, militarymilitary history,history, industrialindustrial development,development, locatinglocating,, preserving,preserving, andand makingmaking accessibleaccessible allall education,education, medicalmedical services,services, missionarmissionaryy workwork,, thethe kindkindss ofof recordsrecords dealingdealing withwith BritishBritish achievementachievement social,social, religioureligiouss anandd culturaculturall liflifee ooff ththee region,region,
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