DIS.

Dis. DI,N Gag. xv ff. ttelin- stirsx jurlnn 'to be pcr- 1) to:lun ((I-) Intrans. Ileo. N./i\. fr. tu:l-; fi~mted'Sun. ~ggr.4. used only in the phr. tolun (a:y) 'the full D tilen- (d-) Refl. f. of tile:-; s.i.s.m.l., in moon'; a:y sometimes omitted; s.i.s.m.l., in SW An., Osm., 'Tkrn. dilen-, usually mean in^ SW Osni. clolun. Xak. xr tolun ay 01-hadr 'the 'to ask for (something) for oneself. to beg'. full moon' Kay. I. 402; I 82 (to:lun a:y); 1288, Uyg. vnr ff. Civ. men Kiinbbrmig Sagunda F (to1u:n); 111 33, 14(to:lun): KB qiyHmatta tilengti 01 'he must ask me, Kunb6rmig S. (for korgit tolun teg yuzi 'show his face like a the payment)' USp 35, 4: Xak. XI em sem full moon on the day of resurrection' 48: agar tilenip 'I sought for (!alabtrr) a remedy tolun bolsa tolsa 'when (the moon) becomes (Ifend.) for it' Kag. 1407. 28; tilengil 'seek' full and is full' 732: XIII(?)Tef. tolun ay 309: I11 43, 20; n.m.e.: KR Iki aJun tilen 'seek for xv If. tolun plrr zva mnnrlti' 'full, filled'; cab both worlds for yourself' 443: KIP. XIII kodda tolun ay badr-i kzmil 'the full moon' San. mina'l-kudya 'to beg' ti1e:n- Hou. 43, 10: xrv 184v. 22 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv tolun uy ~ohnd~zditto dilen- Uul. 5ov.: xv jahatn ditto Qutb 182; MN 5, etc.: KIP. xllr nl-badr ay (kovala-lkov-/)tilen- Trrh. zrb. 9. jolun that is qonlur fnal'n'n Hou. 5, 4: xrv (tol- to he full'; hence) tolun ay/folu ay 'the moon D tilin- (d-) Refl. f. of til-; n.0.a.b. Xak. filled with light' fd. 66. XI teri: tilindi: 'the hide split lengthways (inyoqqn trila(n)) like straps' (al-qidd) Kay. I1 tulug 'thc temples' (anatomical); hence 'the 149 (tilintir, ti1inmc:k): Gag. xv ff. tilin- hair on the temp!es', and later more generally yarlta yarjza buridn pdan 'to be cut in slices' 'a lock of hair'. Survives meaning 'a lock of hair', sometirnes specifically over the temples, Sun. 199r. 4. in NE, most dialects, tulug; NC I tala$- (?d-) Itccip. f. of tala:- ; s.i.a.ni.l.p., klig taluyd~nke$urtiir~iia '!-OII have tirought iri SW Az., Osn~.,'I'km. dalag-, with the same us arrciw a sea c~fsufierinp' '1'T I11 51 ; taluy shades of meaning as tala:-. See Doerfer I1 iigiizdeki bal~klar'the fishes in the sea' do. 923-4. Uyg. vlrr ff. Civ. (in a contract for the 90; a.0. do. 163: Bud. ulug talrry Bgiiz 6l(l)igi cession of land; my elder and younger bro- (the Hodhisattva) 'prent ruler of the sea' U I thers, children and rclativcs whoever they may 18, I; 0.n. Strcs. 354, 7 (Btlgslz); Krrott. 177 be) tala~mazunlar'are not to dispute (this (andtk-); U 11 55, 3 (ii); in PP tnluy and cession)' USp. 15, 11-12; bBg yek tala~ur taluy ligiiz, both meaning 'sca', are common: 'live demons fipht one another' TT I 29; n.o. (Xwar. slrr(?) munda itil milren clegen fi. 74 ($a$ut): qag. xv ff. tala$- kcgij kardolr bir clalay bar 4rdi 'here there was a large to nuke war, quarrel' .Yon. 159r 2 (cluotns.): hody of water called "the river (Molig. 1:w.) Xwar, xrv tala$- 'to dispute, ohject, qusrrcl' Vnlga" ' O,@. 1.57; dak! claluy (sic?) dakl Qrrth 169: Kom. stv 'to quarrel' tala$- miiren 'Inkcs and rivcrs' c/o. lor). CCG; Gr.: KIP. stit sZsorrm 'to quarrcl' talav- (Imperat. in ernir -gil) Ilotr. 40, I : sv Mon. DM (whoever speaks) antn bile talaqkaymen ndGvib ma'nhu '1 shall come to blows with him' 1 ta:rn (?d-)originally 'a wall' (hy implica- Kfrv. 27, 10; xasonro (savaq- and) tala$ Tt(i1. ti~)nIxrilt of mud or mud hricks); s.i.a.m.1.p. rga. 3: Osm. sv-xvr dalag- (once talag-) \v. a wide rnnpe of extended mcaninps includ- 'to quarrel'; in two or three texts TTS I 173; ing 'a huilding with earth walls; a hrick-huilt 11254; 11'731. structure; a pravc mound'; SW Az., Osm. dam 'roof'; Tkni. ta:m 'a hrick-liuilt struc- 1) teliv- (d-) Hap. leg.; C:n-np. f. of tel-. Xak. ture'. Ttirku vr~r(I havc mrittrn this inscrip- XI ola:r ikki: ta:m teli~dl:'they two com- tion) bu: tavka: bu: ta:mkn: (sir.) 'on thin prtcd in lircaking thrnrtvh ( fi!nrlh) a \\.all' (etc.); stone and thesc I\-rills' I SR: 11~2.vlrt ff. Clir. nlso used for helpinp Iirz;. I1 108 (teli$U:r, I.1 1 7, 16-17 (I>(.qiik): Ilud. tarn tokryu teli$me:k). 'pounding into shape the (earth) ~vnlls' (in hl~ilrfinea hor~se)'1'7' 1'1 82: Civ. (if a ninn 1) tile$- (d-) Co-op. f. of tile:-; survives in falls fron~his iiorsr or is flogged or) tatndtn SE l'iirki tile$- (Slrni~,only); 'I'km. tlileg- 'to tiiqup 'falls off a \vall' I1 I 181 ; tegirmi tam ;~skof one another'. Xak. sr 01 menig birle: iqinte csruk bolt19 'you have hecnn~edrunk ne:g tilevdi: 'he competed with me in search- nithin a walled enclrisurc' TT I 57: Xnk. XI in^ for the thing'(ji ijtiqddi'l-,my' rc'o trtrgdZnihi) ta:m ol-cidGr '!\-all' KO?.111 157; 1 1.53 KO?. I1 108 (tile:$u:r (sic), tilegme:k): Gag. (iikekllg), 307 (iike1tle:-), and nearly 40 o.o. xv ff. Son. ~ggr.5 (tile:-). transletetl 01-cidGr, of-lrri'i! 'wall' or 01-stir 'town wall': ~III(?)~

(ETY I1 94): Yrn tarnkallg (sic) yllkl: watrr' Ii'i~tri. 41, 48; a.o. dn. 39 (ergiir-): bugsl:z crtt: his hranrird livestock were Hnd. tumluQ yiizlliQ 'cnld faced' (i.e. hostile, r~nlimitcd' .lfnl. 26, 6: Xak, XI tamga:lre uns)n~pathcti<:)(I 111 17, 17; 86, 3; TM ZV Knr. I~z7(tarnga:l~k): ~III(?) Tpf, tamRallR 2;~.18; 7'7' ,Y 35 J (with an unacccptnt)le suq- 'sealed' (hook) 2x3. ~cstedrtaniolc~z\.); 8.n. Ifiien-1s. 106-7 (64): Xak. sr turn~id01-hnrd wn'l-hdrid 'cold' (N. 1) tarnga:llk A.N. (Cnnc. N.)fr. I tam@:; and 12dj.); (lerse); the orifiin of tumlt~g(sic) pcc. to Knj. Xak. XI tarngaltk 'a small elver' is turn: and one says iiliig yiizi: turnlug 'the (a/-ihriq): tamgalrk 'n small table (01-ni<>,idn) Jrad mnn's face i- cold'; that is hir relativrs which a man keeps for his o\vn use' shun h~inafter hts iirnth KO?.I 463; 1 338 (ynsrrss hrh;); its origin is tarn&a:lrg 'marked (I tun]); If 217 (tltreq-); III 439(bu:d-)and with a sral' (01-frihi'), I~ecausc a king sealn n dozrn o.o. of tumllp, or turnlug: KB(God (yasrim) his ewer and his private table; created) isig turntlRlg 'heat and cold' 3726: they contain (and carry) sl~fficientdrink and XIII(?)'I'ef. tumlu/tumlua 'cold' (Adj.) 31 r : food for a man. Hence every such ewer and srv !Iftrh.(?) ol-harid (opposite to 'hot' hi:) table are called tarngallk because they are turnlug Rif. 1150 (only, sa:wu:k in margin): destined to have a scal (xdlitn) put on thern, SO Kip. xrv tlumlu: 01-bnrd Irl, jo; fumlu: al- that no one except the king can ret hold of -biirid do. 66, . .. fldf thrm:, and~---~ if it was said that the . , took the place of the 2nr.n (MS. in error qq) because Dis. V. DhlL- theirpointsc~farticulation(masmc)areclose to- tlrmll:-( ?d-) r)en, V. fr. , the gethcr, it would be correct (rd'iz) Kay. 1527. unusual, Suff. -11:- instead of -la:-; 'to hc Tris. V. DMC- cold'; n.0.a.b. It is possihle that tumllg the D tarngakla:- I rap, leg,; nen,V, fr;tarnga:k. use of which both as N. and as Arlj. is remarked xSk, Xr ol tamgnkln:dl: he struck on by Kof. is a I>ev. N./A. fr. this V. and not a hinl on the (-,,/z !m/qjhj) K~?.111 351 I'.N.i.\. fr. 1 turn. Uyk. vrll ff. nud. 81% (tnmjiakla:r, tamgak1a:rna:k). biitiin etiizi tuinlltp (ric) 'he died and his ~vholrI~dy hecame cold' Srnr. 4, 20: Xak. XI D tam6a:la:- Ikn. V. fr. 1 tamga:; s.i.s.m.l. sm:v tllmll:dl: 'the was cold1 (Bnro&~) usually for 'to brand, to seal, to stamp', Krrg. III 294 (turnkr, tumlr:m~:k;'verse): and the like. Tiirkii vllr ff. ?'or.. IVr. 3-5 KBhum~~n$aisinmeknzutumltmalc 'tn he (aya:-); Man. tiirt yaruk tamaa k6rJulii- SO hot or colti' 470r; irig fiiikke lunilir ki~l miizde tamaaladirn~z'we have sealed our kiigli terk 'a mnll's heart is chilled minds with the four srals of light' Clzaas. by har+ \r.<~rds'5221. ,7778: UyR. VIII fl-. Hud. kiigiiz iize tam- 81naking the tntldr,i over the breast9 VlTI) tnmlat- IIap. Ica.; Caus. I1c11. V. fr. 7.7' v 8, s9: Xak, XI 01 hitig tamga:la:dl: 2 tarn; 'to I)nr (a doclr)'. Xak- XI KCIS.1337 'lie nut the Sultan's seal (f(i6i') on the letter' (2 tar"). 111 353 (tamgala:r (sic), tam@:la:- L, tumllt- (?d-)c~,,~, f, oftl,mll:-; chill+; rna:k): xrv Mulr. xotnntn 'to seal' tarnEa:- tl,n,n,t,, xak. ol so:v tumllttl: ahe la:- llr1'1. 2<, 1.1; Rif. loR; 'nllanm (Ri/. (/,nr,-nr/n) the water' (Illilk, etc.) (turn- adds 'nIr)rl?-';rhr Oguz say tarnar with -a- because mir-i tiimrri; and thc peoplc of Persia call they always seck liphtness (a/-.r~fl(r)and -a- is 'IO.WO hnfirs' yak trinrfiri Son. 18sr. 14: the liyhtrst of the vo\vels, so they have re- Xmar. zrt tiimen in I,oth senses Qufh 190: course. to it Kny. I 362; 111 201 (herge:len-): Kom. SI\? '1o.ooo' tiimen (:CG; Gr.: KIP. KH otay~terildl tnmur kiirtlilcr 'the physi- XI\,tiimen 01-halira 'a sum of ro,ooo dirhanrs' cians as.;rn~l>lrdnnd felt his pnlsc' 105 7; Id. 40; diimen '~o,ooo';also called tumen tamurrn teqer 'he pierces his vcin' (and sucks do. jo: Osm. nlv-svr tiimen in hoth senscs, his hlood) 4099: XIII (?) TP~.tamar 'vein' 283: fairly common TTS 1705; 11 91 I ; I11 692. slv ;lfrrlr. 01-'irq tamar hlrl. 45, 14; Rif. 139: Fag. nv ff. tarnur !nmnr . . . rofi mn'trdsinn Dis. V. DXIN- vein' Vrl. 174 (quutn.); tamur (spclt) rag wa rip-i dirart 'vein; the roots of a tree' I) tamln- ((I-) 1Iap. leg.; Rcfl. f, of tam-; Sm. 161 V. 17 (quotn.): Oeuz XI tamar see Xak.: irregular since tam- is Intrans. Xak. XI 01 ii:zige: ya:g tamrndr: 'lie set hiniself to drip Xwar. slrl tamrr 'vcin' Ali 35: XIV tamar (hi-tnqfir) the oil for himsclf' Kay. I1 149 Q11th 169: Kom. xlv 'vrin' tamar CCI. (tamrnu:r, tamrnma:k). CCG; (3.: KIP. XIII 01-'irq tama:r lfou. 21, 18: xrv rnmnr a/-'irq ma'l-rirrs iittr,~tornk hoth 11) timen- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of time:-; 'to 'vein' and 'race, kind' id. 66; nl-'irq tamar prepare oneself'. Uyg. vlri ff. Bud. 6tinil~ 13111. 3, 13; nl-cbrs (kok and) lamar do. 5. 6: timenig 'prepare yourselves (blend.)' Ifiien-ts. xv nl-'irq lamar KG?,. 61, 9; Rrh. 24h. 8; 230. cnrir (for rorlr) 'ront, ririyin' tnmtrr (in niarfiin Tris. UMN {amar) 1to. I I 11. I I. 1) tanlrntll: (d-) Hap. lev.; UEY.N./1\. fr. teniir (-o- is unlikely at this period 1 bagak. Oguz xi temiIrge:n waylu'l-sahm even before -m-. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. kan 'arrow-head' Kal. I 522: (xrv Muh.(?) al- tomurmakka em 'a remedy for nose bleed- -nirsl?li 'a maker of arrow-heads' demren~i ing' Ei 1 126, 129 (specifically the nose, In R$. 157 only): KIP. xrrr of-sinin 'spear-head' both cases the remedy is inserted in it); a.0. temre:n Hou. 13, 15: XIV Tkm. demren 01- do. 181 (berth-): Xak. xi er burnl: to- -nus/; (KIP. baqak) Id. 50: Osm. xvr demren murdl: 'the man's nose bled' (ra'aja) Kag. I1 Vel. 128 (1 bagak). 85 (spelt tanrurdt, followed by 2 tomur-); bu: oguI 01 burnt: tomurga:n (spelt tomur2a:n) D tamlrltg (d-) Hap. leg.(?); P.N./A. fr. 'this I)oy's nose is constantly bleeding' 1 518; tamlr. Xak. XI tamlrl~get 'meat which is same phr., but speltyonturfa:n, similar transla- full of veins and sinews' ('trrriq wa amrib)Kaj. I tion 1524, 16. 495. VU?D 2 tomur- prima facie Caus. f. of VU D temirlig (d-) P.N./A. fr. temir; 'made of *tom-; 'to cut in a rounded shape'. Hap. leg. iron' and the like. N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (but we tomrum, tomrug-) unless it sur- U II 25, 26 (lirt); TM IV 253, 65-6 (tiken): vives in NE 'I'el. tomlr- 'to cut through (a Xak. XI (after temlirliik) and with -g log)' R Ill 1238. The first vowel is uncertain; sGhibuh~i,i.e. temurlug 'owning iron' Kay. I SW' Osni. tomruk 'a bud; a boulder; a lump 506. of wood' seems to be a Pass. Dev. N./A. fr. it, and this, taken with the Tel. V. would point D temiirliik(d-) Hap. leg.?; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. temir. Xak. xr temtirluk 'a place at to -0-, but in Osm. 'the rounded beak (of a bird)' is pronounced tomguk, whereas in all which iron-stone is melted and iron is refined other languages, including Tkm., it is pro- from it' Kay. I 506. nounced tumguk, and this looks like a pard- lel Dev. N. fr. *tumlg-, Recip. f. of *turn-. Dis. DhlS Xak. XI (following 1 tomur-) and one says VUF tumsa: Hap. leg.; a I.-w. presumably er ylga:~tomurdl: (kasra as well as damma Iranian. Argu: xr tumsa: a[-minbar 'a pulpit'; on mim) 'the man cut a piece of wood in a g'uyr a$liya 'not originally Turkish' KO$. rounded shape (qata'a . . . nruduruwara(n)) like 1423. the base of a column' Kag. I1 85 (tomurur Dis. DM$ (ti' unvocalized), tomurma:k). ?D tumguk 'a bird's beak', perhaps with the VUD tomrug- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of implication of its being a curved beak; if so 2 tomur-. Xak. XI 01 men19 birle: yrga:~ perhaps a Pass. Dev. N. fr. *tuml$-, see 2 tomrugrll: 'he competed with me in cutting tomur-. S.i.a.m.lg.; a I.-w. in Pe., see a piece of wood in a roundcd shape like a tray Doerjer I1 984. Uyg VIII ff. Bud. (~aclr with a foot-stand' (k'al-skin) Kof. 11 213 tumguklug 'with a vajra for a nose' U 11, 60 (tomru$u:r, tomrugma:k). 2 (i)); (birds seize their entrails, lungs, and $10 DIS. DM$

liverq) turng~klarrndn'in their heaks' U III dav Ilap. Icg.?; r)nr)~natr,pr>eic.Xak. XI dal~ 79, 4: Xak. xr turnguk 01-minqdr li'l-la;,r 'a dog etti: ne:g nlmsm'/-fnv' 'the thinp made bird's beak' Kaj. I 469: KR 77 (qornguk): a low sound'; like the phr. tag tog ettl: x~vMuh. al-minqar turn~rkMe/. 73, 8 (mis- Juwruntn 'it made a noise' Kaj. 111 357. vocalized tamjrk); Rf, 176: Gag. xvff. tum$ug/turnquk (I) minqdr-i {tryrjr; (2) 1 taD (d-) 'dawn'; s.i.a.n~.l.y.;in NE 'I'uv.; rnetaph. 'a nose'; (3) n~etaph.'the spur of a SW Az. da~,Osn~. dagltag. 'I'km. ciao. Cf. mountain' Sorl. 165r. 23 (quotns.): Xwar. Prte:. Tiirkii vlrr 7' 35 (ilntiir-): vrrr ff. x~vturn~uk 'a birtl's heak' Nahc. 43, I; 338, tag taglardl: (?error for, or misreading of, 13: Krp. xrlr al-rr~in~~irtlumgak (~ic?)Horr. tagla:d~:) 'the dawn hrr>ke' IvhIj 26: Mnn. lo. IS: \v rninqar (burun; in margin in SW kaltt yerne ta[g att!] 'and ns tlawri [broke]' (?)hand) turnquk 7'1rh. 331). 8. TT I1 8, 61: Uyg. VIII ff. Man. the text in 1l.I I1 9 is a hymn to the (Sogtlian Rlanichocan) Dis. V. Dhl$- god VCwr 'dawn', translated tag te~rl:Bud. taD1aYur erken PP Ir, 7; 1) tam!$- (d-) [lap,leE,;, co-op, f. of tam-. xak. su:v tamlSdl: the water dripped' 'every morning' USP. 60 la. 15(erte:); 104. 2; 0.0. Hiic.n-ts. 1966 (agtur-): Civ. ta~dasayu (tnqd!nmt) from the ice, etc, K~~,11 IIo (tarnlqu:r, tarn1gma:k). H 183, 163; aq karlndn toguz ott uq tag blrle lqser 'if he drinks pig's gall on an empty Dis. V. DMZ- stomach on three (consecutive) nlornings' (sic?, an unusual idiom) do. 175; 0.0. T7' b'II I, 24- L) tamlz-(d-; tamuz-) Caw. f. of tam-; cf. 31 (Prte:); 35, 8 etc.: Xak. XI tag 01-ptrb!~ 'the 2 tarntur-, 1 tamlt-. Survives in one or two dawn3(verse); one says tag att1: ta[a'o'l-facr NE and NW languages. Not to be confused w. 'dawn broke' K~~.1x1 355: KB tag 'dawnt is the tarnrz- which is the modern f. of tarnld-, common 2536, 3612, 3954, etc.: xrrr(?) At. q.v. UY~.VrIl ff. Civ. karagu slq8ann1~ 147 (2 tan); Tef. ditto 264: xrv Muh. 01-pblt 6th tamlzsar 'if one drips the gall of a black ta:gla &fel. go, 1 ; ta:n Iiif. 18~:(jag. xv ff. mouse into it' H I 56-7; iiF kata burunka tag ~abdlt VeI. 178 (quotn.); tagla erte do.; tanttzgu 01 'one lnust drop it three times into tag ~tlb11SOII. 164r. 22 (quotn.): KIP. XIII(?) the nose' do. 127; R.O. Ii 11 12, 86: Xak. XI 01 02. 31-2 (Prte:) a.o.o.: srv taQ 'dawnv Qurb su:v tamuzdr: 'he dripped (qu!tara) the water' '7,; MN 40, c~c.:Kom. tag (etc.) Knj. I1 86 (tamuzur, tam*zma:k); erte; tonlorrow' tagda CCI, CCG; Cr. 234: a.0. 11 164.20: KB klll~kantamuzsa 'if the Krp. xr~rmnqtu'l-sa!lar tayn (sic) Hoti. 28, 13; sword drips blood' 2715: (KIP. xv in a list of (anlong the I'.N.s) Tankuq (vocalized Toft- 'very unusual' Caus. f.s, the C~US.f. of napfa ktrS) 'the bird of dawn' do. 30, 6: xlv tag 'to drip' is ~ivenas tamztr- Kav. 69, 15; cf. ('with -9') al-subh; tagla: wnptu'l-ftib!~; yo: emiiz-). say tagla: keldirn 'I came at dawn', and I shall come at dawn' tagla: kelgemen fd. 65; Tris. DMZ gads 'ton~orrow' tanda: Blrl. 13, 6; al-~rtbh D tamlzlrn (d-) N.S.A. fr. tamlz- 'a single (d) tan (sic) do. 13, 14: xv ditto fan Kaw. 36, dmp' (of water, etc.). N.0.a.h. UY~.vllr fT. 13; Ttrh. zrb. 13;gadi tanda do. 36, 10; tan Bud. (it is possible to count) bfrblr tamlztm 26h. 7; lag sabhlr do. 721,. 10; n.0.o.: Osrn. sarlln 'the number of individual drops' (in a XIV ff. tag 'dawn'; c.i.a.p. TTS 1672; I1 874; gres ocean) USp. 89, I 2 : KIP. xtv tamzum'. 111 664; IV 733. (sic) nl-qn!m 'a drop' Id. 66. 2 tag (?ta:g) 'wonder, surprise', and the like; Mon. DN s.i.a.m.1.g. except NE, esp. in the phr. tag 1 ta:n cool breeze3. survivesin NE K~~,,kalmak 'to be astonished'; in SW only 'I'km. Sag. R 111 822, and I(h:lk. Xak.x~ta:n ta:D. UYR vlll ff. &Ian. ne tag savlar 'what an cold (a1-rijtn'l-hr?rid) which blo\vs at extraordinnry statcmellts' M I 35, 10; 36, 13 dawn and sunset Kaj. I11 157: KB (your (a damaged text, the word is clear enough, but mollth is like a ~a\.~)siizUg pksa andm in 36, 13 at the end of a line and possibly only sahar tan# teg Fvurds out of it an extended scription of ne teg 'what kind (they are as cool) as a dawn wind' *6g4, of?'): Bud. kBrkle tag arrg krzlar 'beautiful, wonderful, pure maidens' PP 42, 8; tag F 2 tan 'body'. An Iranian I.-rr., cf. Persian khrtle sevigllg khzin 'her wonderful, ton, which was burrowed at an unusually ecrly beautiful,loveIy eye' TTX55o; 0.0.; Hum-ts. date. S.i.s.m.1. Tiirkii v:!r ff. Irkll 3 (tii:): 1895 (tavra:k); SIIW.I 18, 6-7 (tat~g):Xak. XI Xak. XI Kaj. I1 307 (kaq~t-):~III(?) At. ka- tag ne:g al-ga?;ull-'aci!, 'somct!~ini: wonderful, mug tagda tan turup 'every- niorning the ~arvellous'; hence oac says ta:I; kiirdiim body stands up' (boss to the tongue and does I snw something wonderful' KO# 111 355; worship) 147-8; Tef. tan 'body, individual, a.o. 162, 6; KR tarJlrn bu menig ';!;i. ts what self' 297 (ten): xlv Muk. a[-ctr!!n 'body' tan wry-;:PCme' 786: bu tqtsgsuk i$ler 'the,- Alpl. 45, rz: Rif. 138: Xwar. xlv tenjten wonderfu! ;cart-eiln:~~dr-dn' 734: XIII(?)Tef. 'burly' Qath 175-7: Kom. XlV 'Ixod~; flesh' 'art& zXq: Gng. xv tf. tq ng ta'nccrrb ,a- t,oposcd to 'spirit') tan; common CCC;: ?*la'nrirmn 'sdrprise' VeI. 177 i ~~~tn.);tag G'r. 240 \-.nc,tns.): Ktp, srl- tat1 a;-iisni 'body' ta'orc:;h Sari. rhq. z+ (quoti:.;: ?.-\xar, xrv tag 14. 40. '~\~oII'IP~,\~ul~

'w~)nder,miracle' tag CCG; Gr.: Krp. xrv thoupht is unceasing warfare with the pas- tao ('with -0') of-'acnb 'wonder' fd. 65 : Osm. sions. If you ask why ?)nlzvanllarag etczke x~vfT. tag (in xv occasionally dag) 'wonder, teg teg tatag tatag Uqiin Inqa kiiqlllg wonderful'; common till xvr, sporadic till bolurlar 'your passions become ao stmng xvrrr TTS Ir75; 11 256; 111 166; IV 188. because taste is equivalent to the body (I)' M 111 I 2, I 7 (ii) (in Buddhists terminolo~y'taste' VU 3 tag onomatopoeic in the phr. tag tog: is the fourth of the six uifayas, the point pec. to Kny. ? The vowel in the main entry is seems to be that it is as strong as the body and (lontma, hut see dao. Xak. XI tag (or toq?) so may overpower it): Bud. bodlsatvlarnig tog ettl 'the heavy thing made a noise kagiill birle teg kogiiliig bulmak~erlir 'it (ta~awrunfa)when it fell on a solid ol~ject'KO$. is acquiring a mind equal to the minds of I11 356; a.0. I11 357 (dag). the Bodhisattvas' IJ I1 48, 12-13; (if when engaged in trading I have cheated) tegin VU 4 tag (?leg) Nap. leg.; the vowel is fatlta, tarazukln 'with a pair of scales' (measures but this word cotnes after 1 and 2 tog where #amma or hasra might be expected; perhaps a of length and volume and so on) U I1 77, 25; 86, 42; TT IV 10, 4; Suv. 135, 8; (for I.-w. Xak. xr tag 'any building (bina') which a ruler) siili ayh k6rtgiingli Uqegii ten once txisted, of which the superstructure kergek 'the army, the food supply and (MS. nmdttrhu, ? read 'imdrattrltu) has dis- faith (or confidence?) are all three equally appeared and the foundations (apltlhtc) remain necessary' TT V 26, roj-6; (all people in the as a high mound (mu)';it is the foirndations world) bir ikintike tugan tegin keriip of any ancient town (MS. qnhandar, read 'seeing that they are equal (Hend.) to one qtthandiz) and the like Ka$. I11 356. another' VI 307-8: Civ. teg iiliigliig 'in ?P 5 tag Hap. leg.; almost certainly a I.-w.; equal shares' IJSP. I I, 5: 29, 9; bu borluk ..sreve' is normally 6lgek. Argu: XI tau bi'l- teginqe iki borluk 'two vineyards each equal -i$h8' 'with a back vowel', al-munxul 'a sieve' to this vineyard' do. 13, 14; 0.0. do. 28. 6 Kay. 111 355. (Uleg-); 98, 17 (iiiiig), etc.: Xak. XI tegal-'id1 cua'l-qirn 'equal, equivalent'; hence one says VU?F 6 tag occurs several times in com- teg tug al-'ad1 wdl-qarbr 'an equal, com- mercial docutncnts in Uyg. VIIr ff. Civ. as a panion': teg imkanu'l-lay' wa maw&uhu ma measure of capacity for seed cotton; it must fursatuhu 'the possibility, proper place, and have been a fairly large measure since in USp. proper turn of something' (prov., 'if you erect 2 the rent of a piece of ground for growing a mill' tegsizde: figayr mawdi'ihi wa imkanihi cotton was 'ten tag kebez', and USp. 70, 6 'in an unsuitable place and conditions') Kq. (biitgiir-) relates to a transaction involving 111 355; kiigi: tegi: toklgtl: hfiraba qadr borrowing four tag kebez in the spring and tdqatihi 'he fought as hard as he could' ZI ro3, returning seven in the autumn. Perhaps to 26: KBteg is common, e.g. (if I bequeath gold be connected with Pe. tang 'a donkey load', and silver to you do not take them to be) bu but this word also means 'half a load', and sozke teg-e 'as valuable as this advice' 188; in this sense looks like a I.-w. fr. 1 teg. q.v. ylparli biligli tegi bir yay 'perfume and It is, however, unlikely that 1 teg should be knowledge are equally valuable and of the read in these Uy2. passages. same kind' 3 I I ; (there is no one who is) saga tug teg-e 'Thine equal (Hend.)' 7; teg tug 1 teg (d,-) basically 'equal' (to something else), 4181; 0.0. 186 (alttn), 215,413, 569, etc.: XIII hence 'equivalent' (to something else) and, of I?) At. t8rtitmlgte yok bll aga tug teg-e the two pans on a pair of scales 'level' (equal He has no equal in all creation' 24; a.0. to one another). S.i.a.m.1.g.; in NE Tuv.; SW 98 (tege:-); Tef. teg tug 298: xrv Muh.(?) Osm., Tkm. deg. A I.-w. in various foreign qadru'l-qdma 'the s~zeof a man's stature' teg languages including Pe. (see Doerfer 11 941) Rif. 190 (only): Gag. xv ff. t8g hnaber 'equal. where in the forms tangldang it acquired the level', etc. Vel. 197 (quotns.); t6g bardbar wa special meaning of 'half a load' on an animal's murdtui 'equal' San. 202r. 23 (quotns.); a.0. back (i.e. one equal to the other half), hence $85~.21 (2 kur): Xwar. xrrr t6g 'like, equal' more generally 'a load, or package'. With these Ali 48: xrv tegltbg ditto Qutb 175-7; MN6, forms and meanings these Pe, words were etc.; 8.0. Qutb 187 (I tu:?):Kom. xrv 'equal' reborrowed by some modem Turkish lan- teg CCG; Gr.: KIP. xv $in/ wa'l-naxir guages, e.g. Rep, Turkish denk. While there wa'l-mi11 'sort, equal, likeness' teg Tuh. zza. is no reasonable doubt that the Chinese word I 3 ; mill teg 3 ja. I r ; 'alCmaiu'l-taibih 'an indi- thg was a 1.-w. in some early languages, see cator of comparison' (intpr alia) teg 89a. 12: 2 teg, the theory that it was also the origin of Osm. xrvff. deg (and once xrv teg tug) this word (see Doerfer, loc. cit.) is untat~able 'equal' and the like; fairly common; mis- since the meanings are quite different. transcribed denk TTS I 193; I1 279; I11 179; Tiirkii v~rrff. Yen. yag[rka:] tegm1:g sii ZV 206. te~i:yetl: big oglan ertl: 'the (size.of the) arrnv which attacked the enemy was equal to F 2 ten a word which seems to mean 'kind. seven thousand oung men' Mnl. 26, 8.; sort' occurs in several early tests. It is plau- bogu:n tbgin bihr erti 'he knew the v~lue sibly sogzested i:i TT VI, p. 90, s.v. teg, that (?)of the peoplr?' dtt..-z, 3 (both readings very in these passage; it is a 1.-w. fr. the synon;,- dubious): Uye. rrrr"~. h,lan.:A (the fourth mous Chinese.word ttng ((Giles-10,877). The following passages seem the clearest cases of 40: drn al-no/as; one nays d~n~nnllgt!: this word, hut there are proh. others where it 'he breathed' (tonnfJosn) that is all~ta: 'he has been mistaken for 2 tag and thus tran- received, or took', fr. ald~:, with -19- for re- scribed. Ttirku ~IIIff. Alan. TT I1 8, 58 ciprocity (ol-ntrigdroko), hi^ hreatll do. 50: xv (oyun): Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. teg ad~npjgertenl nafns tln 7irh. 36a. 8. yInqU 'various kinds of jewels and pearls' PP 34, 1~2;0.0. of teg adtnqrg {lo. 71, 5; Ktran. VU trg Flap. leg.; tnearring douhtCu1. It hnq 149. been suggested that this is the hasis of t1gla:- hut this is very duhicius. IJyg. vttt ff. Civ. E 3 te9 n xvnrd so tranccrihed and translated (the clarrcr of the tell-fold krq (?'j:~le')Katne 'tnarsh(?)' (Brockelmatln), 'Inke' (Atalay) has is heard . . .; if you break off(?)the Eanlr, your been read in a verse in KO$. 1528, 9--10; it is propcrty has aune as garlic acies) kn~tlgt teg not vocalized; it is very unlikely that a word edgug bnstl~(?read bezdl) 'your good things with this meaning should be a Hap. leg. have hcen shaken(?) like the sound(?) of the Kaf.'~translation of the verse is 'it describes kay' TT 197-R wild fowling and says "when the goose (should ti:n the exact meaning is driuhtful; the likeliest be "duck") saw me in that pool (01-Budor) with 1s 'halter', or 'leading-rein', hut 'bridle' and a blunt arrow, this bird (the knjgnlak) dived 'rein' cannot he excluded. Survives in NE into the water" '. It will he noticed that the several dialects (R I11 1360), Khak., and Tuv. last word of the first line (ntn:r in the MS.) (din). UyR. vrrr ff. Dud. (then the prince) is not translated. The likeliest explanation is atan tlnln tartap (sic) 'reining in his horse' that nl-gridor is a scribal error for al-2add and that the verse read tagda: bile: k6rse: menl: USp. 97, 3; a.o. do. 20 (ke:rU): Xak. XI tin 6rdek 6te:r kalva: koriip kavgalaki a/-miqmod 'halter'; hence one says tln tlzeln tniqzcod rca 'indn 'halter and rein' Kay. 1 339; suvka: bata:r 'the duck seeing me at dawn ti:n nl-'ittdrt 111 138 quacks; the kn,cjalnk seeing (my) blunt arrow dit-es into the water'. VU tig Ilap. lep.; exactly synonymous with tlk. Xak. XI one says er tig turda: ii~tayaba'l- tl:n (d-) Kaj. has t\vo main entries tln 'breath' -rortil qd'inro(n) 'the man stood upright' Kal and tl:n 'rest', hut it is unlikely that the distinc- 111 356. tion in length is semantically valid since else- where 'breath' is consistently spelt t1:n (note to:n (d-) 'garment, clothing'. S.i.a.m.l.g., in also that there are two main entries for 'bridle', most modern languages for 'outer garment, tin and t1:n). Indeed, it is likely that the same overcoat'; in SW Az., Osm. don; Tkm. word was used for 'breath' and 'rest' (i.e. do:n. It has been usual for some years to stopping to take breath). It is significant that descrihe this as a I.-w. fr. Saka tarina 'clothing', this is one of the rare cases of a homopho~~ous hut it is unlikely that the Turks would have N. and V. and that the V. is translated both 'to had no native word for 'clothing', and there breathe' and 'to rest'. The two words have are difficulties about the initial sound; the therefore been treated as identical. T1n resenihlance is therefore prob. due to co- 'hrcath', sometimes by extension 'spirit, life', incidence. 'TiirkU VIII (tonstz, q.v.): VIII ff. survives in all NE languages; NC Klr. (also Rfan. to11 'clothing' (i.e. everything that a man dam); NW Knz., Kk. NE Tel. (RI11 134z), is wearing) M 1s. 13; 7. 11-14: Uyg. VIII ff. Khak. also have a word tlm 'silent' which tonnun bit1 'a hodv louse' (lit.. clothing lousel seems to be n Sec. f. Tiirkil VIII ff. Man. ttn Af 1 8,"r4: l3ud. ton 'clothira' comrnrk U 11 tura tcgri 'the Got1 of tlle Zephyr'(?) Chtms. 15, 13; 111 38, 17; PI' 76, I; Sanskrit vnstrcl 34, etc. (see 1 tura:): Uyg. vlrr ff. Man. ttn 'clothine' ton TT I'III L1.1 I : bard ditto ton tura tegri M I 21. I : Bud. PP 38,4 (1 agu:); kedim-(kh~tim) do. 38: ~iv.'ton 'clothing' U I11 43. 31 (buz-): Civ. t1n alu umasar common TT I 149; VII 26, 10; 38, ro(brp), 'if he cannot draw breath' fl I 141 ;a.0. do. 60, etc.; VIII I.zo; USp. passim: Xak. sr tom al- etc. (buzgak); trnl uzun 'his life is long' TT - tarcb 'clothing' KO III 137; over IOO 0.0.: 1'11 29, 17: Xak. xr tm 01-rrib wa'l-nafas XB 84 (tul); 474 ($'at): xrrr(?) At. kijnlllk 'breath. soul(?)'; hence one says an19 ti:nl: tonln ked . . . kedim ton talus1 kanllik (sic) kesildl: 'the man's breath was cut off' ton1 'put on the clothing of uprightness . . . fig. I 339; t':n kl~i:'a man who has retired the clothing of uprightness is the choicest of (01-rntrcimm) and does not engage in work'; (all) clothing (Hend.)' 167-8; TP~.kec;llm also used of any animal when it rests for some ton 309: xrv Mtih. nl-!acob to:n/to:n Mcl. lo, days arl is released from work (i& isfaraha 10-1 I ; Rif. 83: Cag. xv ff. ton giyecek . . . a?yr 1 run acantma) Kag. I11 138; 0.0. I qoftd11 ma'nristna 'wearing apparel, outer robe' 176 (oqBr-); lyz (osiik-): 248 VPI. 224 (quotn.); ton qahd 'garment' Son. ~d three 0.0.; all 'breath' and 186v. 26 (quotn.): Xwar. xrrr ton bag1 'belt' .n: KL3 trn toktgl~'drawing 'Ali 21: xtv ton 'clothing' Qvtb. 182 AfN ?sgll Sxir t~n~m'cut off my 62, ete.: Korn. xrv 'garment' ton CCI; Gr.: -t' 394; a.0. 773: Xwar. xrv Ktp. xrrl ul-frrrrcn 'a fur garment' (kllrk; also 192: Kom. srv 'spirit, soul' called) to:n, which is a generic tern1 for nmon); 'a fallow field' tln 'clothing' (01-malbiir) llou. 19, 12: xrv ton *' tlm (sic) bol- CCG; 01-tart9h fil. 67: xv ol-tnnltija 'cloak'(?) ton hp. xtv t1n 01-ruh fd. Kao. 63, 17; Ttth. 34a 13; ~niubton do. lob. V. DN-

13: Osm. xlvll'. clon (ctrmtn~rr~in slv, VIII IT. I$ also pronounced tun, also prob. the meaning here. Xak. XI 'anything used for nahriru'l-amir; tun kun tun keqe: which has no internal hollow' (caul/) is called nl-Laylatu'l-bZrilta do. 50; amis tiin Bl11. 13, 7: tog; hence al-hove' is called tog karnr~that xv amis tun kiin Kac. 36, 10; al-lay1 tun/ is 'solid (nitrsmat) reed' ikIn~.I11 356: KB a tiinle: do. 13; atnis tiine 7'1th. 5a. 5; fay1 man of exceptional strength of character is (kece and) tun do. 32a. 3: Osm. x~vff. dun called (s powerful archer, resistant, hard and) 'night', cliinle 'at night' and dun in various tog yUrek 'stout-l~eartcd'104y, 2271. phr. is very common till XVI and occurs 3 tog See 3 tag. sporadically in this sense later; dune gun 'yesterday' in xvr TTS I 239; I1 337; 111 tun (d-) 'night'; in some model-n langunges 222; Iv257. additionally or alternittively 'yesterday'. Tiin ortu:sl: properly means 'midnight', and is ?*tog See tijgdi:, etc. often so used, but in the earliest period was also used as a cardinal point 'north'. S.i.a.m.l. ; Mon. V. DN- in NE 'ruv. dun 'night'; dU:11 (?crasis of ta:n- (?d-) 'to deny; to disclaim (an obliga- diinen) 'yesterday'; in SW Az. diinen; Osm. tion); to go back on one's word'; used both dun; Tkm. duyn all meaning 'yesterday'. with an ohject in Ace. or Abl. and without. 'I'iinle: 'at night', which is more likely to be S.i.a.ni.l.y.; in SW Az. dan-; tan- in Ar. and an abbreviated Ger. of *tunle:- than a crasis ~rmenianscript is described as Osm. in R III of tiin birle, occurs from an early period. 822 but does not appear in any other Osm. Cf. 3 kbqe:. Tilrku VIII ylrgaru: tiin authority and may be NM', e.g. Armeno-Klp. 0rtu:sl:garu: 'to the north' I S 2, II N 2; Uyg. VIII ff. Marl. 11f II I I, 13, etc. (Wit): 0.0. I E 27, I1 E 22 (ud1:-), etc.; VIII ff. (at Bud. Strv. 134, 11-12 etc. (ay1gla:-); esruk midday he was astray) tiin ortu: kanta: ki$i teg tana muna yorlyurlar 'they wander t1egli:de: bolgay 'where and how will he he about like drunken men denying (their faith) at niidnight ?' IrhU 24: hlari. irki kun] tiin and raving-' TT VZ zrj: Xak. xr 01 alrrnnl 'for two dnvs snd nights' TI' 11 6, 27-8; a.0. ta:ndl: cohada'f-do-vn 'he denied (disclaitned) hf IrI 19, d(i) (1 6ve$-): Uyg. vlrl kun [qap] the debt' (etc.); also used for any one u.hry n~lgtun terltmlg by day they [scattered?, denies some thin^ Knf. 111 184 (ta:nar. nnd] at' night they canie together' $11. I? I: ta:nma:k): YIII(?)Tef. dnn- 'to abjure (one's 8641125 S V. DN-

faith ,461.); to dcny (sornethin~Jh!.)' 117; rir*i$ tcn rirrini giri'ftan 'to rrrtt, takr n rest' tan- ditto 284; tenmekllk (sir) 'infidelity' (nl- .'inn. zoov. 20 (quotns.): Swar. SIY tln-/t10- -ktrfr) 298: Fag,. xv ff. tan- inknr kardnit 'ro rrst' Qtrth 193; t~g-(of tears) 'tn cease 'to deny' Snn. 161 v. zr (quotns.; pointing out to flow' Nrrlrr. 369, 14: Kom. xrv 'to rest' that tan- 'to know' in Vel. 178-9 is an error ttn- CCC; Gr.: KIP. XIII nl-rd!r(r 'rest, for tam:-): Xwar. xlv tan- 'to break with ease' (opposite to 'rshauqtron' ormak) (sorneone Abl.)'; to put an end to (a friend- trnmak Ilurr. 27, 14; irrardltrr fln- do. 34, ;hip)' Qrtth 170; 01 tanill 'he denied' (saying I 2 ; suknnn ntinn'l-suk~in c/lirid~r'I-horoka 'to I did not k~llnly uncle') Nrthc. 339, 17; a.o. be at re~t', opposite to 'in motion' ttn- tin. 273. c): Kom. x~v'to disclaim (a debt)' (also nl-ri/ra) do. 37, 18: xrv fig- ('with -0-') tan- CCI; Gr. hlnrd/m Id. 65; {In- ditto; in 'I'km. dlnlen- dc. 66: xv tnnnffnsa ftn- T~clr. 9n. 10; to- tag- (?d-) 'to wrap up, tie up tiphtly' (with 'nroccaqn 'to loiter' tin- do. Ion. I ; sohala 'to a cord, bandage, etc.). S.i.a.m.1.g.; in SW be silent' (inter aliil) tin- do. 2oa. 5; 59h. 12: only(?) ?'kin. dag-. Xak. XI 01 anlg bayln Osm. xrv in n vcrse dinmek (?digmek) is in tagdl: iaddo ro'sohrr bi-'ilihn 'he tied up his antithesis to d~nmnk'to speak' and clearly hcad in a turban'; also used of anything which rneans 'to be silent' TI:'$ I tot; xv111 dig- you tie up tightly (tncldndta . . . iadd qawi) (sic) in Hfi~ni,szkit ilrdon San. 226v. 29. with a cord and the like Kni. III 390 (tagax, tagma:k): Gag. xv ff. tag (-tp, etc.) sar- cie 2 tln- (d-)'to speak'; specifically Ogux, and bnila- 'to wrap, tie up' Vel. 176-7 (quotns.); perhaps merely an idiomatic use of 1 ttn- in tag- pi(-idm rto hasfon ditto Snn. 162v. 5 the sense of 'to breathe a word'. Survives in (rluotns.): Kom. xlv 'to tie up' tag- CCG; SW Az. din- 'to speak, say' and Osm. ttn- GI. generally used in the Neg. f. tinma- 'to pay VU teg- this V. and its CRUS.€.s te~lt-, 110 attention, pretend not to see or hear'. tegtiir-, tegiir- are all Hap. Irg. and have Oeuz XI (after 1 ttn-) and ttle Oguz tvhen inconsistent, or no, vowel points and dots, but they tell a riian to stop talking (nahat . . . -e- is the likeliest rowel. See also tegiz-. Xak. 'atri'l-tnknllrtm) say ttnma:; this is theopposite xr kuy tegdt: 'the bird soared' (ltallaqn); simi- (mnqliib) and really means Ii tus4irt 'do not larly when an arrow is shot high towards the be silent'; the 'I'urks say ttn meaning trsktlt sky and disappears in the air one says ok 'be silent', and if they say ttnma: they mean tegdi: Iiallaqn'l-nnbl Kng. 111 390 (tege:r, 'do not he silent'; the Oguz are mistaken tegmc:k; the first letter is everywhere un- (nxtn'a!) in this KO?. II 28: ~III(?)ref. tln- 'to dotted and unvocalized, but the entry conies speak, reply' 304: Ktp. (or Tkm.?)xv nataqa between the heading T- and tag-). 'to speak' tin- Ttrh. 37b 4; wa notcqa is added in the n~arginbeside tanlflasa pn- do. 9a. 10: I tln- (?d-) the basic meaning seems to be 'to Osm. xrv ff. dm-/d~nma-,fr. xv onwards breathe', thence 'to breathe quietly' and so usually spelt ttn-lflnma- 'to speak; to keep 'to he tranquil or at ease, to come to rest', silence'; cnmmon fr. x~vto xvl 1'7'S I 201; thence (e,p. of rain) 'to cruse'. S.i.a.m.1.g. with II 293; III 191; IV 218: (xvl in the entries meanings of this kind, hut in some languages of I tln- in Vtjl. 197 -8 sale- 'to speak' is rare or rion-existent and replaced by der. f.s; consistently given as the first translation in S\V only Osni. din-/dip (sic), in 'I'krn. before digle-; this is nn error, the word was den-. Cf. ten. UyR. vrrl ff. Man. t~nguluk not Cng. in this sense); svrrr ttn- . . . and, in oruntn 'in n pl:~ce of rest' TT I11 110; R~imi,SIIXII grfta~r qua lrnrf zarln~t 'to speak, tnlmnttn 'without rcstin~'rIo. IS 75: Bud. talk' Son. zoov. 20. turkaru trnmnkstz bodtsatv'the completely unrestinp Bodhisattra' U I 17, 4-5; (my pulse VUD ton- 'to be closed, fastened', and the heats twice, and being unable to beat a third like; pri~riafacie Refl. f. of to:-, but survives time) ttnu turur 'comes to rest' IJ 111 37, 37; in most NE dialects &istun- R 111 1439 in this yeti kiin antn tlntllar 'they rested there for sense. (NC Klr.. Ibx. tun- (of liquids) 'to seven days' PP 33, 8 ff.: Xak. XI yagmur settle, become clarified' can hardly he the same trnd~:'the rain ceased' ((rqlo'a); and one says word.) See tonquk-: Uyg. vr~rff. Bud. o! er ulug ttndt: tanaffasri'l-rncrr/i~'i-~t~'dd'the kaptg tonar (v.1. tonur) 'that door is closed mon breathed a deep sigh'; and one says aruk T7' VI 234: Civ. ton- 'to he closed' If N 18, ttnd~:'the tired man rested' (istnrzha) Kay. II 60: Xak. XI k6:k tondt: 'the sky was overcast' 28 (ttna:r, t1nma:k; and see 2 t~n-);II 316, (gZ~rtnt):and ow says kapug tondt: 'the door ro (arukluk) and 5 o.c.: KB ucugh yor~gll was fastened' (insndda); also if a mountain t~ntgl~nege 'all creatures whether they fly, pass is Olocked (insaddat) with snow one says walk, or are at rest' 23; (when the xtIkdn art tondl: Kni. I1 27 (tonu:r, also.in the Aor. mounted the throne) ajun t~ndt'the world tona:r, tonma:k; in Oguz, KIP. it is cus- was at rest' 93; qalam ma ttnar 'his pen, too, tomary for the Aor. to have -ar/-er in verbs comes to rest' 294; tilim tlnma 'my tongue, like this): ~III(?)Tef. megizig tondl 'your do not be silent' 381 ; 0.0. in similar meanings face has become sad' 31 I (trm-), 318 (tiin-): 669, 1499, 3835, 4419. 4782, 5728, etc.: xlrr Gag. xv ff. ton(-dl/-er) when someone Icwks (?)'I'cf. tan- to rest, be nt rest' 304: Gag. closrly at something bright nnd shining or sv K. tin-(-ay, ete.) dig/+ t~esrTkin 01- 'to the sun, one says k6z fond1 ('his eyes were rest. he quiet' ['PI. 197-8 (quotns.); ttn- hli~lded') I'el. 222 (qi10111.); ton- tiro ecn DIS. DNA

tnrih yudnn 'to hecome dark' Son. ~Rgr.29 therc are several cnrnrptions in the MS.Xsk. (san~rquotn.; the lit. meaninr: \$as ~~erhaps(of XI tanu: yarnu: (both unvocalized, t- for y- the eyes) 'to be shut'). in the second word) 'two particles' (horfiin) meaning hot13 trrbsir (RJS. yosir); hence tog- (d-) 'to be fr~~zenhard'. S.i.a.m.l.~.; one says men bar&?,a:ymen (tanu:,, yamu: dog- in NI.: 'l'uv.; SW Az., Osm., 'I'km. Cf. 'I shall go !tntta tubpir, see (if I don't)' Kar. 1 tog. TUrktl v~riff:kKge:ki: togmi:$ 'his I11 236. pail was frozen' IrkB 57: Xak. xr SU:V togdl: 'the water (etc.) was frozen hard' (camada); VU toga: with back vowels but whether -0- and one says er togdi: hurd'f-racrrl mina'l-bard or -u- in the first syllable is uncertain. Kaj.'s id5 ?ndta 'the nlan was frozen to death' statement that thc word originally meant Kaj. 111 390 (togar, t0gma:k): x~vMuh.(?) 'tiger' is not confirmed by any other authority camada to:g- Rif. 107 (only): Gag. xv ff. (the evidence in the case of U 1 39, rg/IV 8, tog- (-, -up. -ar) afstrrda ohlp dog-, sow~ikdan 15 is not conclusive) and is improbable. If it tog- 'to be frozen' Vel. 223 (quotn.); tog-/ did, it is odd that the Indian word for 'tigress' togul- (both spelt) (1)j.n.u lrastnn 'to he frozen'; was translated tigl bars (a I.-w.) in U 111 63, (2) metaph. sard cua dil-sard judo~t'tu be cold, 4-5; Suw. 609, 17. When not used as a com- cold-hearted' Son. 185~.zr (quotns.): Xwar. ponent in P.N.s it seems to mean, rather xiv tog- 'to be frozen' Qutb 186 (t~rg-):Korn. vaguclv, 'hero, outstanding warrior', or the xrv (of a person) 'to he freezing' tog- CCG; like. N.0.a.b. Cf. togalla, togala:-. Uyg. Gr.: KIP. xrv fog- ('with -9-) cninnda Id, 65: vrr~ff. Man. (there were innumerable indi- xv ditto nth. 128. 9. viduals) Cligler xanlar togalar x[a]t[unj- I[ar k]unquylar 'kings, xans, great warriors, ton- (d-) originally 'to turn back, return', highly placed ladies and consorts' M III 41, thence 'to turn round (and round), to turn into 5-7 (ii): Bud. Arcun~toga 'the hero Arjuna' (something)', and the like. Specifically Oiuz, IJ I1 24. 6; (seeing this, King Cagtana sum- survives as dKn- in NW ICk.; SW Az., Osm., moned up his courage and plunged fearlessly d6:n- in 'rkm. Oguz XI 01 evige: t8:ndl: 'he into the midst of the demons) togalar begi returned (raca'a) to his house' Kaj. III 184 teg ksatr~kbegler megiz megzep (?sic for (tB:ne:r, t6:nrne:k): xrv Muh. raca'a dKn- merlep) 'like the lord of the.. . and resembling Me/. 15, 12; 26, 9; ton- R;f- 93 (yan- 109); the lord of the warriors (Sanskrit kjatriya)' taqalfaba 'to turn over, change' dKn- 24, 9; U I 39, 15ff.llV 8, 15-17 (in I Miiller 106: Kom. xrv 'to be turned into(something)' translated 'elephants(?)', in IV v. G 'heroes tun- CCG; Gr. 251 (quotn.): Klp. xrrI ddra (= tigers)'; 'heroes' seems to be correct); Isig tnin i'fd'l-qfifa 'to turn, in the sense of turning Edgu Totok Er Toga P.N. Pfahi. 11, rg: the hack on' don- Hou. 40, 6: xrv d6n- raca'a Civ. (PU) Yazlr Toga P.N. of a witness Id. 50: xv raca'a (kay~t-and) ton- Tub. 17a. USp. 108, 22; Ogul Toga ditto r~o,17: 10; 6713. 6: Osm. xrv ff. don- 'to turn into Xak. XI toga: 'the tiger' (al-babr) that is (the (something)' in several texts TTS I az4; II animal) which kills elephants; this was the 321; I11 209; xvlrr dKn- in Rlimi, bargaptan original meaning (01-apl); the word remained 'to turn, return'; kbgiil dKn- tahawzuu' pudan among the Turks but its meaning became un- 'to vomit' .Tan. zzgv. zz (quotn.). known (read dalla for ?a110 in MS.), and it is frequently used as a title (yulaqqab bihi); one ?*tKg- See tiigdi:, rtc. says toga xa:n, toga: tCgi:n, and the like; *t@- See tilgU1-, tilgiiv-. Afrlsiyab the great king of the Turks was given the title Toga: Alp Er that is 'the Dis. DNA heroic man as strong as a tiger' Kay. 111 368; a.o.0. as a title: KB toga 'hero' and the like F tana 'coriander seed', etc.; no doubt, as is common, particularly as a Vocative at the Kaf. says, nn Iranian I.-w. and prob. speci- end of a line, c.g. tapugka kBriindiir ay fically fr. the Pe. form d5na; interesting as ersig toga 'make him see his duty, oh brave showing that foreign initial d- was devoiced hero' 573 ; To~aAlp Er is mentioned as one in the languages listed below. Uyk. VIII ff. pf the famous Turkish begs 277: x:ri(?) .41. Civ. (a remedy for nose-bleeding) yag tananl Ali tartilenqi 01 ersig toga ' 'Ali the brave sokup 'crush fresh coriander seed' H I 126: hero was the fourth (of the Prophet's com- UvlArgu: XI tana: al-nllnrlrin 'coriander panions)' 34: x~vhfrrh.(?) toga: (with nrin seed' Kq. 111 236; (under yumga:k) hence written as yd' in the MSS.) translates al- in U$ al-kuzbara 'coriander seed' is called -qawwi 'strong, hard' (as opposed to 'weak' yumga:k tana:; I think that tana: is the Pe. kii:$siiz) Rif. 152 (only; in margin, klivliig word drina for 'a seed' (al-habb); the Turks in text), and ditto(*$ opposed to 'soft' yumqak) turned it into Turkish (tarrnknthu) as tana: 153 (only). I11 44: KIP. xrlr al-lrr'lrc' 'pearl' (yinqii: and) fana:; its origin is the Pe. word dZna for al- VUD togu: crasis of *ton&: Dev. N./A. fr. -habba ITor1.3 I, 13:xv !rabbn tana Tulr. rzb. I I. ton-; lit. 'stopped up' and the like, actuallv 'deaf'. N.o.a.b., hut NE. Khak. tunux 'deai' D tnnu:- Hap. leg.; Imperat. of tanu:; the is a parallel Pass. Dcv. N./A. Other niodern phr. quoted seems to mean 'see if I don't', see languages use a wide range nf words, mainly yarnu:. Kny.'s explanation suggests that he Pe. 1.-w.s, for 'deaf'. Xak. XI togu: a/-u!rti$ did not understand the gran~rnarof the phr.; 'deaf' Kag. 111 368: KB (if a rnan is dumb he 11 IS. can still irt~i~iti\\'isd~ln) togu I>oIsa tegrnez (.711tj;11,q),titliq (I{$); N(: Klr. tlnq: Incileits varrous nlcanings; rvn ct or lump', of tncat, 'witness'. Xak. xr ol maga: so:z tanu:dl: earth, and the Ilke. N.c~.a.h.See yertinqu. 'l't~e oru'ozn ilnyyo koldrn 'he rnadc a suggestion e\~idcrrcepoints stronyly towards -a- in the to me'; also used for omso 'to recommend, first syllable, hut the ~ilainentry in Kos. has command' K~J.111 273 (tanu:~,tanu:ma:k): -0- and the word perhaps occurs once in this Cap,. xv ff. tant- finsxton 'to recognize, hc form in IJyg. Civ. 'l'hc sugpcsti~~nin TT III, acquainted with (someone)' Son. 162r. lo p. 26, footnote 5, that this in a 1)ev. N. in -u: ; in 161 v. 33 it is pointed out that rnny \veil be risht altl1ough the sl~gpcstcd V'lTns.el. s tr;rnslntions of tan- (-dl, etc.) by bit- 'to etynlulogy of tanq~a1:l-, q.v., is prot~. 311 know' are an crror, but somc genuine fornls elror, but there is no other tracc of *tanq-. of tam- bil- are listed In Vet. 178-9): Xwar. Uyg. VIII ff. Uud. U I11 37, 26 ('a lump of x~vtam- 'to knorv, come to know (someone)' earth'. iilug); TM IV 253, 63 ((if flesh, osul-): Qlrtb 170: Kom. rrv 'to k11o\v, recognize Civ. yeti tnnyo 'seven lunips' (of raw and (someone)' tanl- CCI, CCG; Gr.: Klp. srrl cooked rncnt) 7'7' 1/11 24, y; 25, 10; (a sound jrimnra 'to consult' ta:n- (sic) Horr. 41, 7: XIV rosc from the brown earth) tonqudakl (sic) tan- (sic) ista'~lono'to aslc for permission' (in . . . kutrulti 'the . . . in the clods(?) wcre one hlS. glossed fd:cnrrr) fd. 66: rv 'alima wa liberated' 7'7' I 91-2: Xak. xr tanqu: 'orojo 'to know' (inter nlia) {n~il-Tirh. zgh. 10. (vocalized torrytr:) ot-Iirqr~m'a pobhct' I 417; V. tanqu: 111-lrrqnm I1 I h (kev-) ; III 392 (sigiir-) : 1> teg2:- (d-) Den. fr. 1 teg; 'to value XIV iIlrrlr.(?) lirqnro tanqu: Rif 165 (only; MS. (something Acc., at srirnrthing Dot.)'. Pec. tanlzr~~?~). to At.: cf. te9le:-. Xak. xrli(?) At. biliglig hiti111 hiligsiz migin tegegli tegedi bilig- VUD?I; tigci: See sa:vqr: (Uyg.). nir~tegin 'he estimated the value of know- ledge hy valuing a thousand ignorant people F tlgqan I.-rv. fr. Clii~iesctPt~,y chort 'I~rrlp at (the value of) one \vise man' 97--8; a.o. 498. ho\vl' (Gilrr 10,864 300). N.o.a.11. U,ye. vrrr If. Civ. (ill n list of :~rticlesissucd to mrlous 1) tom:- See tonat-, etc. iridi\i~lunls) hlr tr!)qan yag 'IIT~C In~np 1) tiine:- (11-) Den. V. fr. tun; s.i.s.m.1. in all l~m\I(i~~l)nf oil' ll.Sp. 91, I I i11111 20. groups, usually for 'to spend the night'. Xak. xr ol mende: tune:&: 'he spent the night nis. v. DNC- (hd~tr . . . ln!tn(~r)) with nic' Kay. III 273 (tunex, 1iine:me:k): KH keqe yattl anda \'U t1nc;l:- 'to I><., or heco~nc,putrid; to sn~ell tiinedl serip 'he lay down in the late evening foul'. 'l'here is some doubt ~ihout the first and spe~it the night there rndurinp (dis- vo\\-el; in the main entry, it is shown twice as -I- and once unmarked: in I1 281, 12 it is coinfort)' 489; (everything that descends -0-1-U- but perhaps only because the.word rises, that rises descends) yarugll tuner 'that rhymes with yunp:-; in 111 303. 11 it is brightens pets darker' (that moves comes to -I-, hut a philological note is added in which rest) 1049 (so read for trmclr in text): XIV Rbf. it is giren as -a-; and in tllc Co-op. f. it is tuneyur 'it hecornes dark' R I11 I 549: Xwar. three times piven as -a-. N.0.a.D. Xak. XI srv tune- (of a mirror) 'to tarnish' MN 252; 7; et t1nqt:cli: 'the meat putrefied, smelt bed' 'to spend the night' ~Vokc.71, 3m, 8: KIP. (asmtln) KN~. 276 (tinpr, tlnq1:ma:k); xrv tiine- hcifrr Id. 43. 111 II 281 (! tat~k-);(in a verse) erdem eti: Dis. DNU tlnqld~: the flcsh of pond brceding and virtue pi~trcfied'(rrp~tlrr! . . . tanqadl:, its origin u.as I: I: tenbin See tembin. tnn~ga:d~:hut thc -2-wnr on~ittc

corrupt, there is nn other tracc of linal -a:- way this old world works, that IS its tradi- in this Vcrh). tional custotn) kerek ii~ditutg11 kerek togdisi 'cither accept its traditional custom VUD tonquk- (d-) Intrans. Iler~. \'. fr. or take the opposite' 1547, 4720. *ton$ I>cv. N. fr. ton-, cf. ttnq; rrgardinl: thc first vowcl scc ton-. Survi\.cs in NE Bar. Dis. V. DND- tunzuk-; sirr tunquk- R I11 1442; 'l'uv. dumquk-/tlun~uIc-; NC I tantur- Caus. f. nf ta:n-; survives in sornc 'to he allowed (or ordered) to rcst'. UyR. of the same languages. Xak. SI ol maga: vlrr ff. Dud. (hy the powerful iriflucnce of th~s alim~ntan turd^: nr/mrlnni'l-do>* 'he made dl~ll~-n!ri. . .) nlku an$ulayr~kelmigler Bze (or allowed) nle to tlisclaim his deht' Kay. I1 ttndurulmak~bolur 'being nllo\vcd to rest 176 (tanturur, tantur1na:k). by all the Tnthlgatns comes into existence' 11 11 46, 63-5 (Muller points out that the VLTD tegtiir- Iiap. leg.; Caus. f. of teg-. q.~.: translation is inexact, the Chinese original has the fd' is vocalized with domnto in the Perf. 'the abstruse meaning (of the doctrine) will and fot!rn elsexvliere. Xnk, XI ol ku$ ten- be constantly and exhaustively explained to tiirdl: ozcnlo hi'l-!oyr ma bi'l-nab1 'he set the thcrn'). hird, or the arrow, in motion' Kay. III 397 (te~turiir,tegtiirmck; cf. the translation 11 tiigtlerll- Pass. f. of tiigdw-, q.v. for the of tegiir-). UyR. spelling. N.o.a.b. lJyg. vlirff. Bud. noted only in thc phr. agtar~lutogdarllu 1) trndur- (d-) Caus. f. of 1 tln- ; survives in SIIW.133, 21 etc. (agtarll-): (Xak.) XIII ff. snnic of the sanie languages, usually meaning 7bf. toyderll-lt8gterll- 'to he overturned' 'tn causc to rcst'. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (the prince led thc old puidc to an island) 6trii 309. tlnturgalt saklntl 'and thcn thought that he DIS. DNC; worrld Ict hirri rest' PI> 36, 8; bit iidiin 6th- mez ttnturmaz emgetlrler (the pains of 1) ~RIJI~L)ers. N. fr. tag-; 'constriction'. See hell) 'tvrture hini without abating or letting tagla. UyR VIII ff. Hud. stk@ tag19 'pres- hini rrst for a moment' TT VI 446-7; a.0. sure and constriction' 3rc n~enti~nedin U II 7'T ,Y 95 (d;l~n;lgcd): Xnk. XI 01 ment: 11, 7, together with grief, anxiety, pain', etc. t~ndurdi:nrrqnroni Ji'l-rdJrn mn ornrrrmani 'he as among the incvitahle conscquenccs of allowed me to rcst and released me from work'; being horn; tiirt tugurnlug ktsag tagagda its origin is the word t~:nd~:tnnqffnsa 'he (sir) 'in the imprisonment and constrictiori breathed' k-or. II 176 (no Aor. or Tnfn.): of thc fnur kinds of rebirth' TT IV, p. 15, Swar. slv (VC) ttttdur- 'to pacify, allow ti, footnote, 1. 5. rest' Quth 193; tindiir(-gil) 'to bring (a boat) D tanuk 'a witness'(to astatement, document, I tn rest' Nahc. 378, 14. ctc.); survives as tan~kin this sense in NW '.' S togtar- See togder-. Kaz.; SW Oam. and meaning 'mark, sign' in NE Khak.; SC Uzh. As the initial is con- \'LWJ tondur- Caus. f. of ton-. q.v. regarding sistently t- in Osm. the connection seems to the first \-o\vcl. St~rvivcsas tunclur- in several he with tam:- q.v.. in the sense of 'to he XI.: langilages and NC Incenls, sninm) noli~ethin~:Kny. II 176 drsrrilied os tanuk: Xnk. sr tnnuk 01-$ahiri , (tondurur, tondurme:k; -I-, -I-): XIV A4rrh. 'witness' l

520 DIS.

Knl. 1408: Xak. SI KB bu dunya tiinek 01 long since 11ecn dispro\ecl) IrkB 47: Man. 'thrs world is a prison' 5423: XIV Mrrh. (in the uzun tnnlui: Chtmr. 117: UyR. vlrrff. list of I>utldinp$) nl-11nhs 'prison' tii:ne:k hid. 3lan.-A erli uzun tonlukll 'a man and R 76, ; mlj. 179. ivoman' il/I I 10, r 5-16; yiirlig tonlug 'wear- ing whitr clothes' 1l.I 111 30, 10-11: Bud. PI!I) teggiiq Ilap. ley.; the first entry in a uzun tonlug USp. 104, 8-9: Civ. ditto TT Itct of \\.nrds containing four consonants of 1'11 26, r; 37, 5: (Xak. ?) xrv AItrh. (in the nhich the second is -0- hut spelt in error granitnntical scction) dii tncch 'clothrd' to:nllfi/ ir.~rqiir;N.1. fr. tcg-, n~caninglit. 'snnlethiny tonl~khlc!, lo, 0;to:nlu: do. lo, r r ; to:nlug which rises in the a~r'.Xek. xr teggiig 1:ttll Rif. 83. gay' mrtrfnfi' qndr nisf dirti* naliru a!tifiiI-qidr ru'zQnyrihi 'anythinp which stands to the height 1) to:nluk (d-) A.N. (Cnnc. N.) fr. to:n; of half a cr~hitlike a tripod for a cooking pot. 'sr)~nethin~conncctcd with clothing', normally etc.' Koj. 111 381. 'an allowance for the purchase of clothing'. Survives in S\V Osm. donlrrk; 'I'kni. do: nluk; lllfI: deg$e:l Ilap. IcK.: d tag~l-I'nss. f. of tag-: 'to he bound, con- oripinnl theory that this meant 'monk' has stricted', and the like. S.i.q.m.l. Uyg. vltr ff. DIS. V. DNL

I3u~l. kls~lurtagll~rr erserler 'so long as tagna-; SW Osm. tagla-, and for 'to pick thcy ate imprisoned and constricted' (in the out, choose', with some extended rncaninp irnl~risonmentand constrictions r~fthe four in NC Kzx. tagda-; NW I 1 tagla:- (d-) Den. V. fr. 1 tag; prob. only teg1e:medip b-t$ma:s 'does not cut it n-ith- in the phr. tag tagla:- 'to dawn; (of dawn) out measuring it first' (illii m;rqaddiro(n)) to break'. N.o.a.h.?; the usual phr. is tag at-. 1427, 6: KB slnarnq yagrq~ki$i teglemiv Tiirkii vrrr ff. IrhB 26 (1 tag): Uyg. VIII ff. on iki rnig er sii iikii? sii tkrnlg 'an ex- Bud. tag taglayur erken PP 31, 7. perienced gencral assessed (the value of) his troops and said "an army of 12,wo men is ton 1) 2 tagla:- Den. V. fr. 2 tag; originally big an army" ' 2334; !a general must first get Intrana. 'to wonder, he surprised'; thence an informer and find out from him ahout the Trans. 'to find (something) \vonderful, to enemy's morale and) agar teglese 'assess it admire (it)'; and thence 'to admire (sorncthing) by that (information)' 2352; (he heard your more than (other things), to chcrosc (it)'. Sur- \cords and) iikiia tegledi 'weighed them care- vives for 'to be surprised' in NI? tagda-/ fully' 4979: Cng. xv ff. tegel- (apparently deliberately so spell, 'to be conjugated in the own ability to treat and cure the sick' SNV. same way (as thgeg-), hut with -I- ; but 597. 3-4: Xak. XI er u:yn teglendi: dohharn'l- Co-op. f. thole$- follo\vs immediately) nrus&oi -rncrr[fi ornri11i 'the Inan put his affairs in order' jridnn 'to be equal' Snn. 2ozr. 6: Xwar. XIV (or took stntk of his affairs?) Knl. I11 400 kara kirplklge nHwak tegelrnes 'an arrow (teglenii:r, teg1enme:k). is not equal to your hlack cyelnshes (in straight- ness)' AfN 276 (perhaps rrrr~ri~mfio,te~lemes 1) taglng- Co-op. f. of 2 tagla:-; n.0.a.h. \\.auld not scan?. Xek. XI k1gl:ler bu: I:$I~tnglnqd~: 'the people were (all) astnnished (tn'accnbo) at this IF11 tlgla:- (d-) Ikn. V. fr. *ttg; it has heen affair' Knj. 111 398 (tayla$u:r, tanln$ma:k; suapestrd that this is the tug listed above, it is versc): Xwar. slv taglag- 'to hc astonished perhaps more likely that it is Chinese t'ing 'to (collectively)' Qutb 170: (Koni. xtv 'to hear, listen' (Giles I I ,299; Pulleyblnnk, Middle examine, investigate tanlag- CCI; Gr. seems Chinese t'mng), but the d- and, back vowels to he a mis-spelling of tegle$-). make this difficult; properly to listen to (something Arc.)', but often used for 'to hear' D tegleg- (d-) Rccip. f. of teg1e:-; s.i.s.ni.1.; (properly 6$ld-). S.i.a.nl.l.g.; in I\:E Tuv. NE 'Tuv. degnes-; SW Osm. denkleq-; tllgna- ; SiV Az., Osm., 'I'km. digle-. Tilrku Tkm. degle$-. Cf. ter~e$-.Xnk. XI bkr ne:n vurr (be~sand people) bu savltnin edgii:tl: b1:rke: tegle$dl: 'one thing balanced (m- e$itl kat~gdu:t~gla: 'hear my ~vordswell ancl 'Gdaln) the other' Kaj. III 398 (teglegU:r, listen to them carefully' I S 2 (spelt with tegle$nle:k): Gag. sv ff. tCgle9- (spelt) front t- and bnck -I-): VIII ff. IrkB 58 (2 8t): nrrrscizcdt rrrrtnn mn hdlrnrn nrt(sdzoi rtrdnn 'to UyR. v111ff. Bud. ellgterin kav~urupt10- reach equality; to be equal to one another' lazunlar 'let them fold their hands and listen' San. 20zr. 6: (Kom. see taglag-). U I 22, 12 ff.; edgii nom t~glagallbolgay erki men 'I shall no doubt listen to the good D t~glag-(d-) Recip. f. of t1g1a:-; s.i.s.m.1. doctrine' U 111 29, 4-5: a.o.0.: Xak. xr er Xnk. XI 01 menlg birlc: su:z tlglapdu: 'he s6:z tugla:du: 'the man listened (a~jo')to the eornpcted with me in listening to a statement' statcment' Kay. 111 403 (trg1n:r. tugla:ma:k) KO?. 111 398 (tuglagu:r, t1glngma:k): Xwar. a.o. I 96, I I: KB siizum ttglndl 559; 0.0. XIV (VU) tiglav- 'to listen to one another' 648, 4979, 543.7 (tag1rka:-): ~III(?)Tef dittn Qulb 193. 304: Gag. xv R. tugla- (spelt) ranidan mn Cawr-i srrxrrn knrdnn 'to hear: to ponder deeply Tris. DNL kn a statement' Snrr. zorr. 22; h~gla-(speIt) VUI) toga:11& IIap. leg.; I'.N./A. fr. toga:. same mean in^ as tlgla- do. zzhv. 28: Xwar. UyR. VIII ff. Ihd. (his life becomes long; he is XIII cligle- 'to listen' 'Ali 26, 51: XIV (VU) free from disease) megillg togn11R bolur 'he tlgla- dittn Qrith 193: Osm. sv and xv~ hecomcs happy and capahlc of hcroic deeds' dig (/dlgi/digii) digle- 'to cavcsdrop'; in U 11 45, 56 ff. several texts TTS I 209; 11 302; I11 196; I V 226. D tegIegiiq/teglegu:n (tl-) 'the kite '(a hitd); imperfectly vocalized hut best so transcribed VUI) togla- n.0.a.b. in a hlnitrisi~~ritfrap- and regarded as Ilev. N.s fr. teg1e:- in the nient; 1)cn. V. fr. *tog which might be an sense of '(a bird) which hovers or balances onomatopoeic like 3 tog (3 tag) but is perhaps itself (in the air)'. Survives in NE Sag., Sor more likelv to be a Chinese 1.-w.; the meaning teglegen, tegllgen; I>eb. tellgen; Khak. must he '& flog' or the like. Uy& v~llff. Bud. tegllgen; 'I'uv. t1e:ldlgen: NW I

'I'rls. V. DNL- with food and drink) tonln tonangusln 'his 1) t101:l:t:- 1l:ip. leg.; Ilcn. V. fr. *tlg1: an clothes and clothing' Krtnn. 86 (also U II I j, onrrmatopnctc, protr. t~gclonpatcd to avoid 13); a.o. TT VI 392 (to11a:fiu:). confusion with t1gla:-; the Infin., originally Dis. DNR -11tr:k wnc corrected to -1nn:h and at the same tirnc a minutc tn' was written over each td'. tii~iir(d-) the antonym of biigiik, r1.v.; Xak. SI ne:g t~gl:la:d~:'a heavy ohjcct like originallv prnhahly 'a tr~be(or rncrnl>er r~fa a nor tar (01-mini~cia)made a noise ($oecu.ata) tribe) to which daughters could be given in rvhen tt fell to the ground' IGJ. I11 404 marriage', hut in the actual texts 'a person (t~gt:la:r,tlg1:la:ma:k). who actually is, or properly could be, a rela- tion by marriage'. Survives in this, and some VUI) toga:la:- Hap. leg.; Ikn. 1'. fr. toga:. extended, meanings in SW Osm. dtigiir and Xak. XI er toga:la:dr: 'the nian performed Y~kuttiigiir (Pek. 2899). Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. the feats of warriors and stronp men' (01-abfcil PF 64, 6 etc. (bogiik): 0. Krr. IX ff. (in a long rua'l-aqwijd') Kay. I11 405 (toga:lar (sic), list of 'partings') tiigilrime: adr~ldrm'I have toga:la:ma:k). been parted froni niy relations by marriage' Mal. I I, 7: Xak. XI tiigiir a/rmd'rt'f-tnar'a 1) tiigiildur- Caus. f. of tiigul-; survi\cs in 'a woman's relations hy marriage', that is NC Klr. tiiguldiir- (also tiigiilt-; I

32, 5; a,(,.(?)do. 36, 2: UyR VII~11'. Alan.-A tegrim, follrl\\rd hv the rianics of various men, tegri (in all UyQ. texts ronrirtrntly spclt tgri) tlic first an 61 iigcsi. Cf. teritn. is common; (they first created) on knt k6k tegrig 'the Iilue Iicavens in ten layers' M I Dis. 1'. DNR- 14, 6-7-tegri Man1 burxan teori yerjoerii E tegcr- scCtetjger-, harduk~nta'since the divine I'rophet Mani went to the hcavrr~lycr~rlntry' do. 12, 13-14; VCII) tcgiir- Il:ip. lrg.; C;I~IS.f, rrf tclj-, q.v.; I i or. riir~ic'I vine: I cf. tcgit-lteqtiir-. Sak. \I cr nk tc!)iirtli: tcgri 'God. divine' is cornlilon: Ilud. ditto but 'the Inan shot his arr-r~w ~~p~iirdsto\v:.ilrdr ycr tegri tiirumi~tc'when earth and heaven thr sky sr, that it tlisappcnrcd fr~nlYI~TV in were crratctl' PP 5, 8; 2.0. (lo. 18. 2 (tiipir-): the atnir~splicrc';:~lsr~ t~ercl \\llrl~ Iir launches Civ, tegri is rnorc often used in a physical a (hunting) hird (nzrol~1'1-!ci'ir) frmn his sense, e.p. tegri knpljil ilqtltl 'heaven's gate hand t11 make it soar Kof. 111 302 (tcgurur, has hcen opcnrd' TTI144: 0. KI~.IX ff. k8k tegiirme:k; conlpletely ~~n\~ocalizrd;first teqri:de: kiin ay 'thc sun and tnoon in the lcttcr undottcd c~cl-ywl~erc,1111t must bc t-). hl~esky' :l?n/. lo, 3; 45, 5 and tkrjri: 6lim 'nlY divine rcalnl' [In. 3, 2; 14, 3 ctc. are 1) tiincr- ((I-) Intrans. Ilcn. V. fr, tiin; 'to incluclrd in the list 'partinps' in funerary lie, or Iiccnme, darl:'. S.i.s.ni.1. Uya. VIII ff. in~cri~tions:Xak. sr tegri: Allrii~ 'nazn PL.~ bud. YfiruE?de tiinermi~lerke yavuk cnlln 'God, to IIini bclongs glory and power' okltu Yarllkar erti 'he dcignctl to conl- (prrlv. see tapugsa:k; 'l'hc unhc]ie\lers municate light (Ilend.) to thosc who \vcrc ("1-knforn) call the sky (o/-tn?ttd')tegri:, and in the dark ahout thc interpretation (of tlic also \\.l1ich is in tllcir eyes, like scriptures)' liiicn-ts. 1931-2: Xak. sr tunerdi: a hig mountain rJr Iiig trees, and fo~this reason ~6:r'the place was dark' (n=lnrrro); also used thcv \r.orship such things K,,$. 111 ?76; many of time (01-znrnn'ir) Kn$. I1 80 (tiinerur, o,o: K- the standard words tiinerrne:k): KH tunerdi ynrumez kiiriigli for '~,,d' bayat arid ujinu but te~rioccurs karak 'niy sreinf: cyrs finvr I)cconic dark in 44, 02, 6176 (erki:): XIII(?)At. tegri is not and no longer shine' 371; iiinermegc~erdi uacd in the text hut occurs in glosacs on idim yaruml? kiin-e 'tlic bright day would ncvrr and ugan; Tpf. taqrr(-en) 'God' 285, 289 hecome dark' 696; 0.0. 1520, ~018. (t~!iri):SIV Allrh. ANdhrt'l-vrci'alniighty God' )E tenri:- llap, lcr,; V, occllrs in a 1,' \ tegri: 1~2el.12, rg; u:ga:n tegri: Rif. 87; Chapter in which the ord?r of words should Alldh fo'fila tegri: 44, 8; 137: Gag. xV ff. be detcrlnined by (I) the last (2) tenri belt) cnnnh-i bnri to'cfi 'the Creator' the cecontl cl,rlsonarlt (3) the first Son. 202r. 26 (q~otll.): XWR~.XIII(?) kok follo~.illKsavrfi:-, sekri:-, semri:-, sanrt:-, (\'I!) tegri 'hlue sky' 02. 60, etc.; te~rini so: l,recediny kevre:-, kiikre:-, kulre-; calharRu(ln 'while praying to God' do. there are in any c,er,t errors in sr\.MN tagrl(-ka)/tegri(-ke)1: Kom. xrv 'God, tegri Qrrtb common 170; (VU)CCI, ment anrl from tiriic to time aftcr (1) the order seems to hc determined more hy (3) than hy C(2.G; Gr. 241 (wotns.): KIP. ~111Allch (2); ill tcnri:- cotlid l,ropcrly stthlwinirlrtt rcn tn'(i1fi tenri: (and in a dialect foll(,w snnrl:- or preccc~ekevre:-, -1.1~~ which1s r2: only tegri:a few ('\\penplc ith knowA,lfih uQa:n) Iiorr.lo; consonant is fairly clcarly -n- ill thc facsimile, I>ut in n \wrd which was al~nnstcrrtainly un- :lll~ilr ozlln dikrirhr~ tegri: Bnl. 2, 9: sv li- kno\\.n to thc scribe this niiglit well lic a -nmli,ll,i,l ,for God,s s:lkc, teWri: (sic ~liincoi,yincr of -f-, for -v-; tcvri:- ~vouldin -p- for -g-) KOp,, 43, All,ilr tegri nlh. fact suit thr tnca~iingwcll, if t:lkcn as cop- 3h. 10; 4lh. 6: Osm. \-I\.ff. the prontlnciation to tc\-iir- ;,ltllougl, tllc nlorptloloKical \<-a

Man. '1'7' 111 170 (iistcl-): Ijud. tegridem 1i:g kurtga: 'a dcvorct old woman' IrkH 13: suv 'holy water' U 111 38, 28; tegridem xwa Xak. XI KR kant kaimadt blr kl$i tegrlllg qeqek 'holy flowers (llcnd.)' 7'7' V lo, 104; 'why is there not one devout man left ?' 6475; X 155; tegrlclem klz azu tegri oglanl tegrlllg i? 'C;od's work' 6479: Kom. XIV a dlv~nemaiden or son of (;od' 7'7' V 12, 'divine understanding' tegrllik us CCG; Gr. 127; 11.o. U 11 28, 1-2; TT *Y 495 (uRusIu~) D tegrilik A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. tegri:; etc.: Civ. TT I I (ornan-). originally 'temple', later 'divinity'. N.0.a.b. S tlgrakllg See t~rgakl~k. Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A [tegJrlllklger~[barldl 'he went to its (the tolun's) temple'M I33, 15; 1) tunerig (d-) N.1A.S. fr. tuner-; 'dark, 01 tegrillkteki kam 'the (?l tegrillg P.N./A. fr. tegri:; n.0.a.b. (Teg- XIII(?)At. an19 dikrl tagsuk edlz bolsu rill in the phr. tenrill y6rll 'heaven and t6p 'may his memory be wonderful and lofty' earth' with the I'ostposn. -11 must not be con- 76; o.o., qualifying 'words' 475. 483; Tef. fused.with this word.) 'riirkii vlrr ff. tegri:- tagsuk 'marr~ellous,wonderful; a recompense (coorl or had)' 285: xrv RI12. kamug tagsuk- 10,864)~thc second not yet ither' San. I> t1nslra:- (d-) Priv, 1)eri. \r. fr. t1:n; 'to 202r. 3 (quotn.): (Xwar. srv tegegtiir- 'to stctp I,rcnthing, become in:lnin~ate', and the compare' Qrrfh 175). like. N.o.a.h. Uyg. vrrr ff. Btld. Srru. 619, 18 etc. (knrn~l-). 1) tiigiiv- IT:lp. leg. ; prcnll~nnblyRecip. f. of *tag-; syn. w. tiigit-; see tiigdi:. Xak. xr er Dis. DNS tiigii$tll: 'the man lu\vered (m'm'a) his head ?E tag19 if authentic Dev. N. fr. tag-; a phr. with downcast eyes' (~rtrt!riqn(n)) Kap. I11 393 transcribed slkq tagtg has been read in U II (tagiigii:r, t6giigme:k). 73, 2 (iii) but it is almost certainly a mis- D tligiig- Hap. leg.; presumably Recip. f. of reading of s~kigtagig; if correctlv read it *tug- and cognate to tiigUl-, hut the semantic \vould have the same meaning as that phr.; see connection is not obvious. Xak. xr toguz taglg. tiigiipdi: 'the boar glared (ahdaqa) and in- D tegev (d-) Dev. N./A. fr. *tege:- Den. V. tended (hammn) to attack the man': likewise fr. 1 teg; s~~rvivesin NE Tel. tegeg 'of the one says of a man idii ta'nbbd gnhtila'l-amr same age, contemporary'. Xak. XI KB kiiqige rcn .tamdtlndn fi diin'lilzn rca nlrrlnqa'l-nazar ild tegegi yiidiirgll yiikin 'assume their burdens nnrr111i (sic. ? read iinriril~i)kZril~a(n) li'l-amr tn the extent of your strength' 4528. er tiigiigdi: (anrr has a wide range of meanings in Kaf. including thin^, affair, business'; the VIJF tug$u: flap. leg.: no doubt a Chinese arncndtnent ahove scrnls nrcessary to fit the I.-\v.; the first syllnhle is tF11.q 'lalnp' (Gi1i.s gmmm:~r,in n.l~irhrn.;c it h:i.; rhe Insic rnean- TRIS. DNZ

in^ 'conlmand, order') 'when he refuses to teolz Kav. 58, I j-16; hafrr teglz wa 'uman accept an r~rderand rejects it and glares at tegiz Tult. 7a. I 2-1 3 (the latter elossed al- the man who girca it in disgust at the order' -ba/rrrr'l-a'zam 'the great sea'): Osm. xrv ff. Kaf. 111 394 (tugtig(L:r, tiigtigme:k, corrected degiz 'sea' in various phr. TTS I 192; I1 279; frotn -tnak:). III 180; IV 205. Trls. V. DNS toguz (d-) 'pig', a generic term for the wild I> tegegql N.An. fr. tegeg ; n.o.a.h., and per- and domesticated pig of both sexes; replaced haps invented as a jingle with kkgegqi. Xak. lagzln, q.v., in XI as one of the animals in the XI KU (the vizer is always the beg's adviser) 12-year cycle. Survives with initial t- in SE kbgegci kigller tege$qi bolur 'advisers are Turki; SC Uzb. and with init~ald- in NC Krr., people who weigh up situations(?)' 22j6. Kzx.; NIil Kaz., Kk., Kumyk, Nogay, and SW Az., Osm. (domuz), lkm., see Shcherbak, PUF diigtigge: Hap. leg., and presumably, p. 124; a I.-w. in Fe. (only in the 12-year like other Gancak words, a I.-w., prob. cycle ?)and other foreign languages, see Doerfer Iranian; some kind of plant; translatiuns of 11 985. TurkU VJII ff. adlglt: toguzlx a:rt a[-qtmdbari vary; Brockrlntann gives 'Draba, tize: soku$mi:g erml:g 'a boar and a bear a kind of mustard', Aialay siiliiklii pancar met on a mountain pass' IrkB 6: Uyg. vrrr ff. which Red. translates 'water milfoil, Myrio- Bud. (if T have slaughtered sheep, fowls or) phyll~rirtv~rticiliattrm', and Red. (in Osm.) 'the toguz 'swine' U II 84, 9; (rebirth as) toguz- good King Henry goose-foot, Chntopoditon nug U 11 31, 52; a.0. Sirv. 4, 12: Civ. toguz Bonus Ilenricas'. Gancak XI diiniiage: al- 6ti 'pig's gall' H I 24; a.o.0.; toguz as a -qundbari Kag. I 400. member of the 12-year cycle is common in calendar texts in TI' VII and occurs in dating Dls. DNZ formulae in USo.: Xak. XI tonuz al-xinzir tegiz (d-) first actually noted in XI when it 'pig': toguz 'onkof the twelve yek' Kaf. III replaced taiu:y, q.v., which disappeared at 363; 0.0. meaning prima facie 'wild boar' that date, but so old that it existed in the LIR I 304 (az1gia:-); I1 343, 18; I11 394 (tllgtig-) lnnguage from which Hungarian tenxer 'sea, and In I346, 13 (the 12-year cycle): xr~r(?) ocean' was borrowed; originally prob. any Trf. toguz 'pig' 307: XIV Muh. al-xinzir toguz 'large body of water', whether static, like a Mel. 72, 7; to:guz Ri/. 174; (in the 12-year lake, or moving, like a large river; later cycle) doguz yt:I~: 81, I; to:guz y1:lf: 186: specifically, nnd finally exclusively, 'the sea'. Fag. xv ff. toguz ('with -0-') mik 'pin'; also As al-balir, the Ar. word habitually used to the name of one of the Turkish yean San. translate it, is equally ambiguous it is im- 187r. 13 (VU doguz 'a person with an empty possible to trace th;. exact evolution of r~leaning brain and his head in the clouds' 226r. I may and difficult to determine the precise difference be the same word used metaph.): Xwar. xrv between tegiz and k0:1, q.v., except that the toguz 6ti 'pig's flesh' Nahc. 364. 14: Kom. latter seems to have had a narrower meaning. xlv 'pip' toguz CCI, CCG; Gr. 249 (quotn.): S.i.a.m.l.g. only for 'the sea', except in some KIP. XIII 01-xinzir tongu:z Notr. I I, 13: XIV NE languages which use talay, reborrowed fr. toguz ('with -9-') a/-xinuineir (also 'frozen fat' Mong., in this sense; in SW Az. deniz; Osm., tog iiz) id. 6s ; al-xinzir tonguz Bul, to, 13: Tkm. deglz. See Doerfer 111 1192. Xak. xr xv al-xinair donguz Kar~.62, 8; dagguz (sic) 2: tegiz al-bahr Kay. I11 363; 0.0. I loo, 18 Ttrh. 14b Osm. xrv ff. doguz (sometimes (bag-); akar kiiziim o$ tegiz(trans1ated) 'the toguz) is common till xvr and occasionally water of the sea (al-bahr) flows from my eyes'; occurs later instead of domuz TTS I 219; he onlv comoares it to the water of the sen II 316; 111 205; IV 237. (01-ba!;) because there is salt in tears I1 45, 27,; I11 136 (kill); 370 (terig): KB (man's Dis. V. DNZ- mlnd is like) tubsilz tegiz 'a bottomless lake VUD tegiz- the Jnfin. in the MS. is -ma:R (or sea?)' 211; bilgi tegiz 'whose wisdom is and the Krp. f., too, has back vowels, but (like) a lake' (or sea?, in breadth or depth?) semantically this could be a Caus. f. of teg- 480, 2185; 0.0. 1164: xrr(?) KBVP bilig- in the sense of 'to send up in the air'. Xak. din teglz 9: XIII(?)At. tegiz occurs three times xr er 6pke:sinde: tegizdi: isma'adda'l-racul in metaphors for breadth or depth; Tef. wahwa art yantafix fadaba(n) 'the man was degiz 'sea' 117; tegiz ditto 298: xrv Mtrh. puffed out with anger'; and one says Bpke: al-bahr tegiz Mel. 4, 17-19; 77, I ; Rif. 74, tegizdi: infafaxati'l-ri'a 'the lung was dis- 180: Fag. xv ff. t6giz (spelt) daryd 'a large tended', that is vinegar and mustard are body of water, river or sea' Sun. zozv. 3 poured into it prcparutory to cooking it, and (quotn.): Xwar. xrrr(?) the three sons of it is filled and distended Kas. III3gz (tegizur, Oguz Xan were called Kilk, Tag(?Dag), tegizme:k, MS. -ma:k): Klp. xrv tagaz- (sic, Tegiz (IDegiz) 'Sky, Mountain, Sea(?)' Og. with -g-) ahmarra'l-waram ma'ftadda 'the 86-8: xrv teglz 'sea' Qtctb 175: Kom. xrv swelling was inflamed and hard' id. 65. 'sen' tegiz CCI, CCG; Gr.: KIP. xIIr al-bah teglz Hou. 6, 18: XIV teniz ditto Id. 40; ditto Tris. DNZ denlz (-g-) (sic) Bul. 4, 12: xv al-bahr tegiz a/-ba!rrr1'l-m6li$ 'the salt sea' a:cx tegiz; D toguzql: N.AR fr. to~uz;n.o.a b.; prob. a[-bnl~tti'l-Irrrltrruw 'a fresh-water lake' taTI1: 'pig keeper', but 'hunter of wild boars' is a 5 28 TRIS. DNZ

I~oc~il)le;~ltern;iti\c. IJyC. VIII tr. IIud. (if \\,hicli reni;~inc:it the I)ottotii whcti the pure I have killed shetsp or kept poultry or been) Iiutter liac heoi melted atid drawn off' Kog. toguzv~(fisherman, hunter of wild game, wild- III 148: (Kip. xrv 01-hifk 'groats rnixed with fowler arid s~ on ) TT I V 8, 56. sour rrlilk and dried in tlic sun' !:irxann: llrtl. 8. z: xv ditto 'l'rr/r. 313. 7). hlon. DR te:r (?d-) 'swcat'; also fr. an early periud 1 ta:r (d-) 'narrow, constricted, confined'. 'wages', presuniahly a nietaph. for 'tllat which S.i.:~.m.l.p.:in S\V .4z., Osni. dar; Tknl. 1s earned by s\vcating'. S.i.a.m l.~.. ~ncluding t1a:r. IJyfi. VIII ti. Ilr~

o11e says tii:rke: keq 'pass to thc place 'to cr)llcct' 7'7' VI 259: Civ. xan yasak of honour' Kal. III 121; tiire: (with front teriirmen 'I am collectiny: the Xan's taxes vr)wels) 'the place of honour in a house, and (Mon~.I.-m.)' USp. 69, 2-3: Xak. XI 01 the seat of honour' (fodrrthrc); hence one says tava:r tP:rdi: 'he collected (cama'a) property', tKre: yokla:c11: 'hc took the seat of honour in etc. Kas. III 181 (tC:re:r, tP:rdi:); ol yar- the house' (tofaddam Ji'l-bayt); also called ma:k tCrdi: 'he collected money' 11 39 tK:r 111 221: KB 262 (1 &I), 577, 614, 902, (tbrer, tkrme:k, in a grammatical excursus. 1661, etc.; (help Moslems in distress) bayat not a main entry); 8 0.0. translated cama'a, bPrge uqrnak k6r ornu9 tar-e 'God will mostly spelt tC:r-: KB neqe terse dunyg give you paradise and your place (will be) the 'however much the world collects' (it comes to seat of honolir' 3503 (the -e here is the usual an end) 114; terer sen yornltsa saqarsen verse filler which is very common in KB, kamuf: 'you cr~llect(things) and when they this is unlikely to he tore:): Gag. xv ff. tor come together you scatter them 811' 719; 0.0. xdno qodrz WP PV Irt~~ogi'the seat of honour in 11I y, 1674 (co-ordinated with ylg-), 6079: a house; a recess in a house (so used)' Vel. xrrr(!) At. baxil tPrdi zar sim 'the miser 204 (quotn.); tor . . . fadr-i xdna (quotns.) has accumulated gold and silver' 241 ; a.o.0.; San. 172r. 9 (the next meaning 'opposite, Tej, ter- 'to assemble (people)' 299: xiv Muh. facing' can hardly belong here); tare nasab cama'a dkr- Akl. 25, I ; Rif. 107; laqa.ta 'to loo nijdd-ipdclijdhdn 'the family and lineage of gather, pick (fruit, etc.)' d6:r- 31. 2; I rg; al- rulers' (quotti.); pihzddagdn rila acaldd-i pddi- -cam' d6:rmek (spelt -mak) 36, 3 (only): (hg. $dhThdn 'princes and sotis of rulers' 173' 12 xv ff. t6r- (-ip, etc.) (ibr-, dmytr- 'to collect' (quotn.): X~ar.XIII ti)r 'the seat of honour' Vel. 1844 (quotns.); ter- (I) ridan in all the Ali 48: xlv ditto Qrltb 184: Klp x~v(?) meanings which it has in PC. 'to gather (fruit); t(l:wlLr (sic, under !A'-warn) fadru'l-~naclis to pick (one's language), to spread (a carpet; fd. 40: xv ~qdru'l-mahdntor Tuh. 22a. 2. to pick (flowcrs or vegetables)'; (2) har ridan ma cam' kardan 'to collect, accumulate' Son. Mon. V. DR- 19or. 9 (quotns.): Xwar. xrrr der-/dP:r- 'to I ta:r- 'to disperse, or divide up (something)', collect' 'Ali 30; ter- 'to pick (fruit, flowers) and the like. N.o.a.h. The supposed Sec. f. Qrirh 178; ter- ditto 179: Klp. XIII cama'a tarn:- is rather dubious, and lnay be based on dPr- Hou. 33, 20: xlv id. 32 (baqak): xv nothing niore than the fact that tara:-, q.v., cama'a (y~y-;in margin and) der- Tuh. has a vaguely cognate meaning. It is unlikely 12s. 5; damrna 'to collect' ter- 23b. 2; laqnfa that there is any real etymological connection ma cama'a wa qasgaga (to pick up weeds) between this word and Monp. tarka- 'to (gople- and) ter- (in margin der-) 32a. 8: scatter, disperse' (Intrans.; Haenisch 145) Osm. xlv ff. properly dPr-, but sporadicelly which became a I.-w. in Xwar. xrv targa-, der- 'to collect'; c.i.a.p. TTS I 197; 11 286; r Qlrtb 171, and survives as tara- in several 111 187; Iv 213. modern NE, NC, and NW languages: R III *tir- (d-) the basis of tirig, tirgiir-, tiril-; 837, etc. Xak. xr beg stisin ta:rdi: the beg its exact nature is obscure; as it had a Pass. dispersed (Jarraqa) his army'; also used of f. it was presumahly 'I'rans. and meant some- anyone who disperses anything kbg. I11 180 thing like 'to hring to life, revive', but in that (ta:ra:r, ta:rma:k); 2.0. I11 260 (tara:-): case the status of the Caus. f. tirgiir- with I (if I wanted to, I used to go after him) tutar precisely that meaning. is ohscure. The KIP. erdim siisin tamp 'and catch him and dis- word below looks niore like a back-fornation perse his army' I399,23: KB (he breaks up the fr. tirig than a survival of the original verb. enemy's ranks and) yagis~ntarar 'scatter his KIP. x~vtlri- (sic) hayiya 'to live, be a1ib.e'; enemy' 2268: SIII(?)TeJ. tar- 'to separate, also pronounced with d- fd. 38. cause dissensir~n I>et%veen(?, people)' 287: 1 tur- (?d-) 'to stand', hoth in the sense of Xbvnr. XIV kndgu tar- 'tr) put a11 end to distress' Q1r!b 171. 'to stand upright' and 'to stand still' with various extended meanings. From an early tkr- (d-) 'to hring together, collect. assemble'; date it urns also used as an Aux. V. fnllowing I practically syn. w. yla-, hut there seem to be a Gerund in -u:/-ii, -p or -gall:/-geli: with minor differences in shades of meaning in some different shades of meaning, but usually 'to modern languages, e.e. in SE 'Tiirki 'to gather continue to (do something)'. From a date as in (the harvest)' is ylg-, but 'to gather(berries)' early at least as Uye. Chr. the Aor. turur, is ter-. S.i.a.m.l.g.; in SW Az., Osm. der- later abbreviated to turldur, etc., hut no other

I (lacking in 'l'km.) TiirkU vIrI (he campaigned part of the V. was used as a copula meaning to the east and west and) tCrmig kuvratm~g 'is' and so replacing eriir. C.i.a.p.a.1.; in SW 'collected and assembled (the peoples)' I E 12; Az., Osm. dur- in 'rkm. both tur- and dur-; II E I r : Uyg. vrrr tokuz oguz bodun~mln as the vowel is short in 'I'km., Ka$.'s alterna- '1 tPrii: kuvrat~: nlt~m 'I collected and tive form tu:r- is prob. an error or dialect assembled my people the l'okuz Okuz and form. Most Turkish grammars and some diets. took (control of) them' $11. N 5: ~IIIff. Dud. discuss the various idiomatic uses of this V. at olarnl barqa bir yerde yrglglar terigler great length. Tiirkii r.111 anta: kalm~gr:yer 'collect (Hend.) thein all in one place' U IIZ sayu: kop turu: alii: yor1yu:r ertig 'those 28, 5-6; 3.0. di~.73, 24-5 (kav~r-);tPrmek of vou who remained there all \vent to all sorts i trnnslatrs n Ctiitiese calendar sign tileaning lit. of countries nnd stsycd or died (there)' I S 9, MON. V. DR-

!IN 7; the only other occurence is [nap] turu: dnnr' roo; evindin turup qtktr 'he str)ocl up (Rap] Ix. 21: VIII ff. tur- 'to stand still, re- and left his house' 480; o.~.with the same main', and the like occurs ro times in IrkU ranyc of nieanings are cr)nllnt)n, 538, 541, 1296 e.g. Uze: tuman turdr: asra: tors turdr: 'the (tUr-a), etc.: sir(?) KUVP (every country mist was stationary (or rose?) above and the has given this book a differer~tname) 01 Clnlg dust helow' 15; karngayu: uma:tr:n turu:r b6giisi hakimi turup 'thc sages and wise 'stands still unable to move' 16, 25, 37, 39; rncn of the country stood up' (and pave it a a.0. 28 (1 &:I): Man. iize OII kat kok asra name looking to the local custom) 27: xrr~(?) seglz (sic) kat y6r be$ tegri iiqiin turur KHPP turur 'is' (which seems not to occur 'above the in ten layers and beneath in KB) in comniori hnth as a copula, e.g. ((God the earths in eight layers remain stationary for who) turur 're' (the ~\lniiglity I

'he rolled up the scroll (etc.)' Kai. II f 'a garden wall' 3 12: XIV M~rh.nl-qol'a 'fortrms' (tiire:r, tilrme:k); a.n. I1 30, 2-5: Osm. xv tu:ra: Mel. 75, I j ; RI~.179: Gag. xv ff. tura and xvr tlur- 'to roll up' in several tests 7"l'S ('with -u') 'a shield (halknn) the height of a 1241; IV 260. man which soldiers hold in front of them in battle and fight behind' VeI. 203 (quotns.); Dis. DRA tura 'iron rods and plates of iron which they fasten together with chains and hooks on the teri: (d-) 'the skin, hide' (of a human heing or day of battle and niake into a line of defence animal). S.i.a.rn.l.g.; in SW Az., Osm., Tkm, (11isdr-i lafkar) behind which they stand to derl. Tiirkii vlrr ff. IrkB 44 (tigiig-): Uyg. fight' San. 173'. 16 (quotns.). vllr ff. Mnn.-A (the louse) klm kigine~ terlslnte ilt~iip'which emerges from a man's VU tun: 'bitter, acrid'; pec. to Xak. Xak. XI skin' M 1 8, 14-15: Bud. (some people kill tun: ne:g 'anything with a bitter, acrid taste' aninlals and) terisin soyar (so read) 'strip (ta'm 'afis) like the taste of an oak-gall (01-'of,); off their skins' PI' 3, 3; terlsin soyup U III hence a man when he is disagreeable (pkisu'l- 52, 9: Civ. y~lanterlsin 'a snake's skin' H -zcr~lrrq) is called turi: kigi: Kai. 111 220; I 114; a.o. do. 129 (kirpl:): Xak. XI teri: o:lu:m o:ttn iqii:rdum iqti: bolup yii:zl: a/-cild 'skin' Kaf. III 221 ; III 244 (*Ckki:le:-) tun: 'I made him drink the potion of death a.o.o.: xrr~(?)l'ef. teri 'skin' 300: xrv Muh. and he drank it making a wry face' (hlili&(n) al-cild (human skin) deri: Mel. 45, 14; tC:ri: wnrhnhu) I 47, 16: KB (oh death!) islz edgu Rif. 139; a/-filrcua 'a fur coat' tleri: to:n 65, 7 negke sen Bk sen tun 'you are (equally) (Hif. 166 i:qmek): Fag. xv ff. t6ri deri plist disagreeable to bad and good things' 1538; am. mn'nlislna 'skin' Vel. 186 (quotn.); tkri plist, 1334 v.1. in Vienna RIS., possibly authentic; usually of the hides (cild) of animals or the 1706; 4553. peel (qijr) of fruits and plants San. 193r. 27 (quotns.): Xwar. xrv tzrl ditto Qutb 175: S tore: See to:r and torii:. Kom. xrv 'skin, hide, leather' teri CCI, CCG; toru: (toro:) 'traditional, customary, un- Gr. 242 (quotn.): KIP. x~vteri: al-cild bi'l-pif written law'; one of the basic political terms 'a skin with wool on it' Id. 38: xv a/-cild teri: of the Turkish pagan period. It was closely Kov. 61, 9; cild (inter alia) ter (sic, with a note associated with 1 6:l and xagan in the sense in the margin saying that it means a skin with that it could not exist without a 'realm' as its wool on it); Tub. I la. 12 nut' 'a large piece of sphere and a 'ruler' to administer it. It was tanned hide' terl do. 36b. 5. adopted as a religious tern1 both by Buddhist S tiri See tirig. and Rlanichaean missionaries in the sense of 'a rule' subordinate to the prescriptions of the VU 1 trlra n.0.a.b. only in I-lend. w. tl:n, true doctrine or religious law, no:m, q.v. In with which it must be more or less syn. Cf. Xak., where it was still common, it meant turallg. Ttirkii vrtr ff. Man. in the list of the 'custoni, customary law', as opposed to the five Manichaean gods, the sons of Xorrnuzda, religious law of Islam (01-iari'a) and prob. also tln tura tegrl 'the god of the zephyr(?)' (the to the arbitrary decrees of rulers. It became an wind god, the lipht god, the water god, early I.-w. in Mong. as d6re/tore. It is not clear and the fire god) Chuas. 34 ff.: Uyk. VIII ff. whether the form tore current fr. the medieval Man.-A the same list in M 121, I (i) ff. period onwards, and still surviving in some NW languages including Kar. T., R III 1250, and 2 tura: basically 'sorncthing to shelter behind', SW Osm. is a direct survival of the old word used hot11 for permanent fortifications, and or a rehorrowing fr. Mong. and some con- for portable 'breastworks' uhich could be fusion arises from the fact that it is homo- moved about and fixed temporarily to the phonous with the word for 'prince' and the jiround. A I.-w. in the first meaning in Mong. like in these and other languages, see t6:r. (Koru. 1879, Nalfod 432) and Pe. and other Certainly in Osm. its true origin was so far languages, see Doerfer I1 958; it survives in fc~rgc~ttenthat in Sunzi 449 it is spelt tura and most NE languages R 111 1446, and Khak. described as a I.-w. fr. Hebrew torah. See where the meaning has attenuated, through 1 toku:. Tiirkii vrlr torii: occurs about a 'stockade, fnrtified village' to 'town' and even dozen times, usually in association vv. 1 8:1, 'house'. Xak. XI tura: kalkan al-furs wa'l- e.g. (my ancestors the sugatrs took hold of the -doraqa ma kull 7nli tasattora bihi'l-racul realm and) Qlig tutup torii:g Qtrnig 'having mina'l-aduwzu 'breastwork, shield, and any- taken control of the realm organized the thing that a man shelters behind from the (system of) traditional laws' I E 3, 11 E 4: enemy' Kar. 111 221; 0.0. 11 356, 19 (kalkan 6li:n torii:si:n tuta: bCrmig 6ti: bQrmtg tura: domqatuh~c wa trtrsuhrr); I11 106, 14 I E I, II E 3, etc.; 0.0. by itself, (people who (?, text perhaps corrupt): KB kara bayllkln had abandoned their realm and %atan, become kildl ozke tura 'he made the wealth of the slaves and) Mrkii torii:sii:n l$gmmig 'given common people a protection for himself' 2j6; up the Turku traditional laws' I E 13; 4qii:m (some men expose themselves to swords and apa:m t8riisi:nqe: 'according to the tradi- battle axes in battle) kayusl turadn yulugda tional laws of my ancestors (Hend.)' I E 13, kar~r'some grow old behind breastworks in 11 E 12: VIII ff. Man. nom tBriig yadtur- security (?, or as hostn~es)' 1736; 0.0. 5263 matin t~dt~mlzerser 'if we have created (ordu:), 6434: x111(?)'I'ef. br~stZnnugturasr obstacles by not preaching the doctrine and

'I'R I S . DRB 533 could nut lind lodgings) tarud~ajun 'the ically, 'a calf which still follows its mother', world was narrow' (i.e. he felt uncomfortahlc) becausc it is too young to leave her. It is likely 488: sill(?) At. (it is God who gives you pain that this is the mcanlnl: intcndcd here, since anti another man riches) caza' krlma yH a Ililn. f. seems to survive in NE Alt. torbok; ranc idisi tarup 'oh, you who suffer pain do Khak. torbax; SE Turki torpak/topak; NC not bc impatient In your - tliirll- (1'9's diirii-) 'to come into existence, peted with me in smoothing . . .'). be horn'; in several texts TTS 1242; I1 342; I11 226; IV 260. Tris. DRB VUD torpigii: N.1. fr. torpi:-; pee. to Xak. Dis. DRB Xak. XI torpigii: nl-ra/antr'lladi yrtsfon bihi'l- PU torpr: Hap. leg.; al-fnbi' normally means, -xagab 'a rasp for smoothing wood' KO$. I491 ; quite generally, 'a follower', but also, specif- a.o. I476 (tarpig). 53.4 'I'R I S. . UIttI- l'ris. V. I)RU- &Ian.-.4; hlan.; Igud.; Civ. tiirt is cotnrnon: Xak. XI tort yarma:k 'fnur dirhoiirs'; also 1'01) torp1nla:- IInp. Icg ; Ikn. V. fr. tor- 'four' of anything else; also(pronouncr~l)tii:rt, pun. Xak. XI KO$.I435 (torpun); n.m.e. the form with -@:- is better (01-orpcod) Koj. I'LJI) torpunlan- klap. Icp.; Ilefl. f. of tor- I341; a.0.n.: KB tiirt is common: XIII(?)At. p~nla:-.Xak. XI cr torpunlantlr: 'the rnan tort 3 1 ; Tpf, tnrt 3 10: XI\. Mr~h.'four' dK:rd tried to find out (to!rorrrT) ahout the thing' Kay. nlrl. HI, 6; tn:rt Rif. 186; Ilflzoatir'l-orha'n I1 275 (torpuntanu:r, torpun1anma:k). 'quadruped' do:rt aya:kli: 138 (only; MS. yn:kn): (;a& xvff. tiirtltorter 'four'San. 17zr. Dis. DRC 21 (folln\ved hy several phrs.): Xwar. XIII(?) tiirt (or diird ?) O,@.103-7: xrv tiirt Qrcrh 1x4; 1) terqi: N.Ag. fr. te:r; 'a hired lahourer, one illN ~19;Nnhc. 2, I 1, etc.: Kom. xrv 'four' who works for wages'. N.o.a.h. (Uyg. VIII ff. titrtldiirt (~ir,cl- vtry rarc in I. S6 (tn:g): XIII(?)Tqf. tnrt- 'to kiiriirnqi trlntt ters tetrii tiiriiqi 'people wl~o pull, dmp: tn dr:l\v (;I slvnrd, n borv); to rvciph' prescribe false (Hcnd.) rules, soothsayers, and 288: xrv illnIr. mndr/n da:rf- Alrl. 31, 3; tart- the like' TT VI 331; 0.0. h-~~lro~t.127-8 (egll). Ri/. I IS; nro!oln 'tr, stretch' da:rt- 31, 7 (I I 5 yo:ba:-); 7UoZn7lO da:rt- 32, 3; dart- I 16: hlon. DRD 01-cndab tn:r.lmak 37: I r ; I 23; 01-runz?~ VU tlrt Hap. leg.; onomatopoeic for a tearing da:rtmak 39, 1 (126 u1gii:le-); istnqri'l-mC' ro3 sound. Xak. XI one says an19 to:nln ttrt tlrt 'to dram water' su: tart- (only): C8g. yirttl: 'he tore his garment with this sound sv ff. tart (-ar, etc.) cek- 'to pull,draw', e.g. o%vingto carelessness' Kng. 1341. a sword, a bow, and other things; iq- 'to drink' in the sense of toinrim pek- 'to drain (a poblet)', tnrt (? dii:rd) 'four'; c.i.a.p.a.l.; in NE Tur. and othcr idiomatic meanings of ~ek-Vel. dort; S\V Az. dnrd, Osm. dbrt, Tkm. db:rt. 163-5; tart-,(spelt) kn$irlon 'to pull, draw' in ..\ lonp vo\vel hefore a final consonantal cluster all the rncalunp!: of the Pe. V., e.~'to drain is very unuaunl. hut may exist in this word in (a cup), to take (revenge). to suffer (grief or view of the Tkni. form. Tiirkii VIII;vrrr ff. pain), to xvcigh, to drasv (a picture), to witll- (including hian.) tart is common: Uyg. VIII ff. dmw, to clraw (breath)' and so on; in Turkish DRD

it also means (of the eye) 'to throh'; two of diirt- 'to wipe, anoint, rub (~omethin~)on'; Vcl.'$ translations are not quite accurate San. fairly common TTS I 242; II 341 ; 111 225; 153v. 2 (cluotns.): Xwar. xrlr fart- 'to \rclghl IV261. 'Ah 57: XIII(?)tart- (?or dart-) 'to draw to Dis. DRD oneself (as a friend)' 02. I 10; 'to draw (money from the treasury)'do. Irg: xrv tart- 'to drag; PU(D) tardy Hap. leg. and of unknown to draw hack; to suffer (pain)', etc. (as In meaning; perhaps a Den. N. in -drq, hut see Son. equivalent to Pe. hn7idnn) Qutb 172; MN savdrq. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. (the demons) 232, etc.: Kom. xrv tart- 'to pull, draw', and tardy teg etozin kodur 'lay down his body in idioms 'to grind (corn), tighten (a belt), like a ?' M 11 11, 14-15. suffer (pain)' CCI, CCG; Gr. 236 (quotns.): Kip. xrv cadaba tart- Hou. 35, 4; mrra 'to D tartlg (?d-) Ilev. N. fr. tart-; s.i.s.m.1. as pull' tnrt- do. 39, 9; rvnzonn minn'l-ruazn tartlltartultartrk with such meanings as 'a tart- (trrrt-) do. 40, I 5; mndda of stretching weight (for a weighing machine); cramp; a cord and the like t&t- (pirut-) do. 43, 22; stammering; evasive; oblique'. Uyg. VIII ff. a.0. do. 34, I (iigit-): xrv tart- hoth cadaba Ihd. IJ I1 40, 107 (uqrug): Xak. XI tartlg and maaatta Id. 62; r~nza~tndart- (with .t- &Jru'l- (MS. in error $afru'l-) roc111 wa written over thc- d-) Eli/. 87v.: xv nntafa 'to biznmrcltlr 'a man's plait of hair and ribbons for prtll out, extract' tart-ltarta- Trih. 37a 13 it: tartrg dtc'd'tc'l-ntalik Irajiyatahtr li-amr (cadahn and cnrra are translated by cek-): bndo'a lnhrr 'a summons from the king to his Osrn. xrv fT. dart-(the older form)/fart- 'to retainers for some work which he has initiated' pull; to weigh; to suffer; to draw together Kng. I 462 (and see tart~gqr:): Gag. xv ff. (wealth)', etc.; c.i.a.p. T7.S I681 ; 11882; 111 tartti: pijknj 'a gift' 17cl. 167; ditto San. 154~. 672; Ilf 191. 25 (quotn.): KIP. xlv !arb al-mizdn 'a weighing machine' Id. 62: xv taqdima 'a gift' tiirt- (d-) originally 'to rub, anoint (with oint- tartrk Tub. 8b. 3: Osm. xlv to xvr tartuk ment)', and the like; this meaning survived 'a gift'; in several texts TTS 1684; I1 883; in Ostn. till XVII but seems now to have I11 672 (this looks like a parallel Pass. Dev. N. disappeared everywhere, other words like in -uk). siirt- and 1 yak- being used instead; it now tortgil (d-) Den. fr. tBrt; 'quad- means 'to prod, push up (a tent pole), D N./A. rangular, quadrangle'. Not listed in R. but nudpe, jog (someone's elbow or memory), appears in several modem dicts., perhaps incite'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; in Az., Osrn., 'Tkm. diirt-. revivals rather than survivals, NE Khak. (Tiirkii VIII ff. tiirtrny in Irk13 55 is prob. tortkil; NC Klr. tBrtkUl: Kzx. tBrtki1; NW a mistranscription of tBriitmig, q.v.): Uyg. Kk. tiirtkiil; Kumyk dBrtgiil; Nog. dortkil. vrrr ff. Bud. (putting on clean new clothes and) etozi~eedgil p~dylpar tiirtiip 'ruhhing Uyg. vrrr ff. Dud. tortgil mandal 'a quad- sweet perfumes ([lend.) on his body' Suo. 519, rangular mandala' (Sanskrit; 'magical draw- 14-15 (IJ I 29, 12-13): Civ. (if you hurn a ing') 1111 47, 74; Sttv. 544, 8: Xak. XI tiirtgil dog's tooth and) negiike tiirtser tii iinmez (the kr7f carries both karra and damma) ev bolur 'rub it on any place, hair does not grow a quadran~qtlar(murabba') house'; and any- there' TT 1/12 23, 3: (crush rastorelrnr in water thing else quadrangular Ka?. III 417: Kom. and) ttirtsiin 'ruh it on' H 2125; a.o. do. 174: xlv 'quadrangular' tiirkiil (sic, ?in error) CCI; Gr.: Krp. xv murohha' (qiimeli, q.v.; Xak. XI ko:nke: ya:g tiirtti: 'he rubbed in margin in second hand) dnrdiil, also called (lntaxa) oil into the leather'; also used for any kind of ruhhing Kay. 111 425 (tiirte:r, tiirt- dortgiil Ttrh. 33a 8; (in a list of words with me:k): KB ajun turtti yiizke komiir teg this Suff.) murabba' dortgiil do. 62a. 4. bodug 'the world rubbed a charcoal-like colour D tart~:n(? d-) Intrans. Dev. N. fr. tart-; on its face' 3837: xlv Muh.(?) d(t1nka wa talc survives only(?) in SW Osrn. tartln 'a con- 'to rub (with the hand), to anoint' diirt- Rif. tinuous roll or swagger in walking' Red. 1220 rog (only); !alZ diirt- 112: Gag. xv ff. tiirt- (only). Listed in a chapter containing words (-pelt; 'with -U-') ,firti htrrd(zti 'to tiring down, with four consonants, the last -n, indexed lay low'; (this meaning scenir to have been under the penultimate letter and immediately ' wrondy inferred fr. a Terse which, contrary to following 'r: in its first occurrence the tri' is the usual practice in Son. is transiated word not dotted; the -6- in the printed edition is an for word, partly here and partly under error. Xak. XI tart1:n 'a group of tribesmen qerme:-; it relates to an elephant and says (camtI'a mina'l-qamm), who are the retinue of yetip tiirtgeq sadra-as5 manar translated their chief (roht li-kabir minhrrm) and under 'reaching and bringing down the pillar-like his orders': tartr:n al-tnira 'provisions' Kaf. lotus tree'; the true meaning seems to be 1435; a.0. III 426 (tart-). . 'reaching and rubbing aaainst . . .') Son. 17rr. 26: KIP. XIII (after arba'a dart) wa huwa (i.e. f3 tijrtunq (?dB:rdiiny) Ordinal f. of tBrt; dii:rt) is an Imperative addressed to someone fourth'. This shorter form n.0.a.b.; the longer whom you wish an yadkur dayraht bi-itrzfi'l- form in -linqu, etc. first appeared in the -npil~i' 'to remind someone by prodding him medieval period and is now universal; in NW with a finger' lforr. 22, 4: XIV dlirtdi: (sic) Kumyk dirrtilnqii; hlog. dortingi; SW Az.. nagnzo 'to tickle, tease'; diirttl: (sic) dnhnna Osm. dnrdiinqii; Tkm. do:rdinci. Tiirkti 'to.anoint (with oil)' fd. 48: Osm. slv to xv11 vrr~ff. Man. tortiin$ Chuas. 64: Uyg. VIII ff.

(if a man has a mole on hi? thumb) ka kad:~gka me:k): KB tiger atln iindcp unln liirtiigup tartlnguql holur 'he becomes closely at!ached 'they call out and praise his name, anointing to his family and relations' TT VII 37, 13-14: it nith their i-vices' 1)s. Xak. XI er ogllga: tartlnd~:'the man loved his son tenderly' (nyfaqo 'nli walodilri) and 'Tris. DRD wished that all kinds of good things (.uojr) or food should he presented to him; and onc says L) tart~gql:(d-) I-lap. leg.; N.Ag. fr. tart]& ol evke: tang tartcndt: 'he pretended to Xak. XI (after tartlg) hence one says hegdin convey (.vanqnl) wheat into his house' (MS. in tartlgq!: keldi: 'a messenger bearing a sum- error 'out of his house'); also used when mons (01-rifi'i) arrived from the king or the nomads (ohlrr'l-mnbar) ohtain provisions (inr- brr.' Kny. 1462. tarn) from the sedentary population (nlrltr'l- L) tiirtegii: (d-) Collcctive f. of tort; 'all four, -mndnr) Kof. II zqo (tartrnu:r, tartlnmazk): four tngcthrr'. S.i.a.m.1g. except SW, usually Kom. xlv 'to iinapine (something)' tartln- with the -9- elided, and sometimes in the CCI; Gr.: Osm. x~vto xvr dartrn- (occa- l'urco-~Mong, f. with -let-len appended (cf. sionally tarttn-) 'to shun, guard aaninst, ugegu:). Uyg. vrtr ff. Bud. Ti'$. 26h. 5 etc. withold', etc.; common T7.S I 680; II 3x3; (urugut): Civ. (human hilc, pig's bile, goat's I11 672; IV 743, hile, hare's bile) bu tiirtegiide kayust bolsar I1 turtun- (d-) ReH. f. of turt-; 'to rub onto 'whichcvcr of these four is available' H 125: oneself'. N.o.a.b. in this meaning. Uyg. $hg. xv ff. torte/tnrtele~tortewledrirdi bile v~rrff. Ihd. kanlrg turtungu uze turkaru fout of thern together' Vel. 206; tbrtew etozln turtiinur erdi 'he used constantly to fahdr tri 'four together' (quotn.); t6rtewle rub his body withointment madeofblood' U IV (spelt) ditto Snn. 17zr. 27: Xwar. xrv tBrtegu 34, 52-3; a.0. TT X 294: Civ. tiirtiingii1e:r Qritb 184: KIP. srv dordewu nl-arbo'ntu'l- -mtrctama'a Id. 22 (under altagu:): xv (in the tiirtuniip TT VIII I.17: Xak. XI 01 o:zi:ge: ya:g tiirtundi: 'he busied hinlself with oiling list of Co1lectii.e~)dortew lirh. 61b. 10. (bi-iddihrin) himself'; also used for pretending 1) tiirtiingu: Dev, N. (Conc. N.) fr. tiirtun-; to oil Kay. II 240 (turtunu:r, turtiinme:k). 'ointmcnt'. N.o.a.h. TJyg. vtli ff. Bud. San- D terter- Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of terit-; per- skrit nul~pana 'orntment' tiirtiingu (spelt haps to be read terder- (cf. togder-); in tiirtiimkii) 'I'T VIII D.I~;0.0. U 11 40, 106-7 -r- (sil-); IV 34, 52-3 (turtun-): Civ. TT VIII TT VIII sometimes represents -d-. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. iglig (spelt iklig) kigike: uza:tr I.17 (tiirtun-). terte:rmig kerge:k (spelt kerkrh) 'you must 11 tart~gllg(d-) Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. *tartrg make the sick men sweat for a long tlnle' TT Dev. N. fr. tart-; (passions) 'which drag VIII M.35. (a man)'. Uyg. vrrl ff. hlan. TT III 42 1) tartrg- (d-) Recip. f. of tart-; s.i.rn.m.l. (iliplig). with a wide range of nieanings of which the Tris. V. DRD- commonest is 'to struaglc, quarrel (with one 1) toriitiil- (?d-) Hap. leg.?; Pass. f. of another)'. Uyg. ~x III C.9 (kunup-): Xak. tiiriit-. Xak. XI I fr. -r- do. 427; a.0. I 179 (alar-). ,tarn minni hayiy li-fi'l hadri minhu 'he was shy IF torku: (ttorko:) 'silk fahric'; one of many of me heca~rse of what he had done' Kay. words with this general meaning, perhaps a 1462. I.-w. An early I.-w. in Rlong. as torja(n) (or torhn(n); Ifamisch 15~)~also in re. and other 11 targrl of cattle or other animals, 'striped'; foreign languages, see Doerfrr I1 884. S.i.s.m.l. 711en. N./A. fr. 1 ta:r in the sensc of 'mith w. phonetic changes (-k-1-g- ; -a/-11-01-u). narrow (stripcr)'. S.1.m.m.1.g. Xak. XI targll Cf. barq~n.Uyg. vru ff. Bud. TT VI 390-1 yilkl: 'any animal with hlack and white stripes (6ggu:ti:): Civ. yarrm terlni yarlm torkuni (xu!ri!) l~kefreckles (01-namij) on its back' is 'half a hide and half a (length of) silk fabric' (called) tarell; this Adj. (al-fifa) applies to all USp. 5, 2; bir ulug torku 'a large (piece of) animals except horses Kq.1482; (under 'the silk fabric' do. 127, 3: xrv Cl1in.-17yg. Dict. Suff. -l') 'anything hlack and white or speckled' 111n 'silk thread' (Giles 7,472) (?) torku Ligeti (al-abtaqrr'l-a'ram) is called tarell, derived 267: Xak. XI torku: 01-horir 'silk' Ka?. I fr. the V. tar~ldl:'the thing was separated' 427 (prov.); 3 0.0.: KB yaglz y8r yay1 (tafarraqa), as if hlack and white were mixed torku ytizke bad1 'the hroxvn earth has (imtazocZ), and then one was separated from bound green silk over its face' 68; (a hrg, if the other I 15, 7: Osm. xrv, XVI rarg~l'spots. you praise him) yumgar bolur torku teg spotty, dappled'; in two tests TTS I 679; 'softens and becomes like silk' 4098; a.o. 7846 IV 742. (7ikne:-): x~vMirh. nl-dihdc 'silk brocade' torxa: Mrl. 67, 12;ditto ba:rqin; a/-qazz'silk' F tarxa:n (Idarxa:n) a title of great an- torku: Ri/. 167 (Rif. perhaps has the better tiquit)-, prob. prc-Turkish discussed at great text): Gag. xv ff. torgu 'coloured silk fabric length (14t pages) in DorrJer I1 879. In spite (krrmdy) which they fasten over rescripts of his scepticism, Prof. Pulleyblank's theory in and decrees to preserve the paper' Vel. 207 'The Consonantal System of Old Chinese', (quotn.); torgu (spelt) Iiarir-i nnfis uw brijta-i Asia Major, N.S.IX, 1962, p. 91, that it repre- ibri~ami 'fine silk and woven silk fahric' sents the Hsiung-nu title of their supreme (quotn.), and metaph. the silk fabric which ruler, shun-j-ii (in Old Chinese *dCn-vcay for they fasten over decrees and documents dnrxan) secms the best explanation vet of its (quotn.); mistranslnted 'a letter bearinp a seal' origin. Like t8gin it forms its PI&. in -t. hy Tdi'-i Harawi, and mistranscribed tariir tarxat, for *tarxa(n)t. It is likely that in this and described as Pe. in the Brrrhrin-i Qdti' Son. word the Runicand Lly& k represented x,cf. the 17zv. 15: Klp. xrrr 'woven fahric' (01-naric) form in Kas. In Turkish it had ceased to he the niid the like torga: IIorr. 11). 17. auprerne title 2nd was nnt even, like t&in and ?ad, peculiar tn the royal family, hut it was still D ?F tarxat See tnrxn:n. a high title, and prob. carried administrative re-ponsib~lities. In t111s srnsr it cannot he Din. V. 1)ItC- traced in 'I'urkrsh after XI.It became :III early I) tank- ([I-) Intrirt~<.Ikn. V. fr. I tn:r; I.-\v. In Rlotig. as rklrson (Iloertisch 32, Korc. 'to hr con'Kn?. Ili ,I,?? (turuklfl:r, turukla:ma:k). D tnrijjl~gI'.N.jA. fr. tartg; n.o.a.b. Xak. XI tarlgl~gyb:r or(/ drit znr' 'land which has I) tar~glan- IIap. IcK.; I

conlpletcJ anJ acquired an enormous) buy- is a good etymology. Tiirkii VIII IS8, 11 N 6: anilg yiikmekig (so read) buyanlrg ter- Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. U III 29, 2-3 etc. (ark~g). glnig 'heap and concentration of merit' Suv. 155, 11-12: Xak. xr tergln su:v al-md'n'l- 1)is. V. DRG- -nttrstanqo' 'water .collected (in a tank)'; tergin D terk1e:- Den. V. fr. terk; 'to hurry' sii: 01-crrrtd~r'l-m~rctama''an army which has (Tfans. and Intrans.), and the like. N.0.a.b. been brought together, concentrated'; and rurkii vrrr ff. er terkleyii: ke1i:r 'a man anything 'brought together' is called tergin comes hurriedly' IrkB 7: Man. terkleyii Kaf. 1443; yad~lmagsyterginlm 'nly con- keitiler MI13, 17: Xak. XI 01 1:q19 terk1e:- centration will not be scattered' I 442, 7; dl: 'he hurried ('accain) the affarr' Kay. 111 11 209, 22 (rilis-spelt tiir~iiniim;and with tarll- 445 (terkle:r, terk1e:me:k): xrv Muh. arra'a magay; one or other of these must be R scribal 'to hasten' (Trans. and Intrans.) derkle- error; neither translation literal). 1Me1. 22, 9; terkle- Rif. 103; al-musta'cil 'urgency, urgent' terklemek 153 (terkllg D terkin Instr. f. of terk, and syn. w. it; 56, I): Xwar. xrrr terkieyii 'in haste' 'Ali 48: 'quickly, very soon', and thc like. N.0.a.b. Kom. XIV 'quickly, immediately' terklep VIII Tiirkii ff. Man. M I 6, lo (tu:l); 7, 15 CCI; Gr.: (KIP. XIII 'accala terk1e:t- (sic), (butar1a:-): Uyg. vrrr ff. Man. TT III 94 also called C:w-, terce: (for *terkce:), terkin (tarlk-): Bud. terkin tavrak 'hurriedly' U I Ifoou. 42, 12; the V. in liou. is in the Imperat. 31, 3; terkin 'quiclcly' U 11 zz, 21; III 12, 14; which explains why Adv.s are included in the TT X 423, 51 I :, Xak. xr one says terkin kel translation). asri' fi'l-111rJzir come quickly'; its ongin is terk al-sur'a 'speed, rapidity' KO$.1441: KB D tirgiir- (d-) Caus. f. of *tic-; 'to revive, terkin 'quickly, very soon' is cotnnlon 1127, bring to live'. N.0.a.h. ; in the medieval period 1331, 1580, 2398. etc.: xrrl(!) At. (contact displaced by tirguz- which s.i.s.m.l. in NE wtth the wicked) sen1 terkin isiz kllrgllg with some phonetic changes; Tuv. dirgiz-; kllur 'quickly makes you an evil-doer' 380; NC Klr. tirgiz- (and tirilt-); other languages Tef. tterkin 'quickly' 300: Xwar. 1111 ditto use tirilt-; SW Az., Osm. dirilt-; Tkm. 'Ali 22: xrv ditto Qutb 175: KIP. xlrr Hort. 42, di:relt-. Turku vrrr olteqi: bodunlg tir- rz (terk1e:-). guru: igit(t)im 'I revived and fed the dying people' I E 29, 11 E 23: vrrr ff. Man. (if we D tiirgun (d-) Pass. Dev. N.!A. fr. tur-; lit. have said) tirgiirser tegr[i tirgii~r]6liir- 'rolled up together', but with extended niean- ser te~rioluriir 'if someone brings to life ings. Survives in NE Bar. tiirgiin 'time' (as it is God who brings to life, and if someone in iic ttirgiin 'three times') R III 1563; and kills it is God who kills' Chuar. I 26 (mis- for 'a wife's parents and kindred, her parental transcribed firgiidrer) : Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A home' in NC Tara tiirgiin do.; Kir. tdrkiin; (and all the magicians together) neg tlrglir- Kzx. torkin; NW Kk., Nog. ditto. Uyg. megey 'will on no account bring to life' (or vlrr ff. Man.-A (first they created the ten-fold he able to give a son or daughter) M I 15, heavens) bir tiirgiin 'as a single coherent 9-10: Bud. Suv. 610, 18 (alagad-): Xak. XI :hole' MI14, 7: Xak. XI turgun macma'u'l- tegri: Bliig tirgiirdi: 'God raised the dead - ayirn tun haytu'l-rtmni wa'l-db 'a tribal com- man to life' (nhyd'l-mayyit) Kay. 11 179 munity; the house of one's parents'; one says (tirgiiriir, t1rgiirme:k); 0.0. in grammatical k~zturglinke: (or ?tiirgunige:, spelt tiir- examples II zoo, 17; 324, 21; I11 424, 16: giinike: ill MS.) keldi: 'the girl came to her xrrr(?) At. Bltigierni tirgiizmek (sic) BsHn parents' house'; (in a verse) Btilgemet agar 'it is easy (Pe. I.-w.) for him to raise the tiirgiinim saluha cam'i 'my community will dead' 20 {one MS. only tirgumek); Tef. be put in order' Kap. I441 ; same vcrse IIzo9, tirguz- ditto 302: Gag. xvff. tirkiiz- 21 (but 6:tilgemet yarlrrhrr). (-guci; 'with -k- and -2-') dirildeci (sic) Vel. 186; tirgiiz- (spelt) zinda kardan 'to make D tCrge:g (d-) Dev. N. fr. *tBrge:- Den. V. alive' Sun. 191r. 10 (quotns.); (tirilt- Caus. fr. tbrig; the basic meaning milst be rorue- f. of tiril-, zinda kardnn, also called tirgUz- thin^ like 'crowding together'. The Uyg. word do. 9): Xwar. xrv tirgiir- ditto Qutb 179: seems to belong here; it is difficult to see what Kom. xrv 'to raise the dead' tirgfz- CCG; else it could be. N.0.a.b.; cf. t8rgeg-. Uyg. Gr.: KIP. xrv tirgiir- (-g- unrocalized; one vrrr ff.Civ. (in a list of misfortunes overtaking MS. tirgiz-) a'G~a'to bring to life'; also spelt the impious) kiqini totagan tergiq bolur with d- Id. 38: xv mu!liy tirgizgen Tuh. 32b. 'he disparages other people and becomes I; istahyd tlrgiz- do. 55% j: Osm. xrv to obstructive(?)' TT VIl 25, 5-6; a.o.? do. 17. xvr (oily) dirgiir- (occasionally dirgir-) 'to 6-7 (conjecture; 81tig-): Xak. XI t6rge:q nl- bring alive'; common TTS I 210; I1 303; -tamdnu' fi'l-rayr mina'l-zahma 'delay on a 111 197; IV228. journey caused by crowds'; su:v t6rge:gi: murtanqa'u'l-WIG' 'an excess accumulation of D tbrgeq- (d-) Recip. f. of *tbrge:-, see water in a river (coming) from its tributaries' tBrge:q; n.0.a.b. Xak. xr tevey tbrgegdi: (al-a'ddd) Kay. 1460. taqatfarati'l-ibil 'the camels (etc.) walked in a line'; also used of anything when they VU tirkig N.0.a.b. in the phr. ark19 tirkig, stand (qdma) one behind the other in a line prob. only a jingle with arkrg, for which there (mrrtaqa{fira(n)) Kay. I1 206 (tergegii:~, 546 DIS. V. DRG- I tCrge$tne:k); kal~rieren tCrge$ii:r (unvo- I) tiirgeklen- 1l;rp. lec.; I(rfl. Den. V. fr. 1 calized) translated 'he has now n~ustercd('abbd) tiirge:k. Xak. XI to:n tiirgeklendl: 'the yar- a large arniy and advanced against me with it' nicnt was wrapped up in a packa~e'(~artda. . . Ir49.4; Basmrl Cumul t6rgegii:r 'the Basmtl /is/-rrrzma; sic in MS., ?read jtrdda . . . fi'l- and ~umultribes have assembled (ictama'at) -riz,na) Kaf. 11 351 (tilrgeklenii:r, tiirgek- toattackus'l459, 9; alp1a:r kamug t6rgegii:r 1enme:k). 'the warriors are drawn up in line (ytr$(aff) for battle'11165, 15: Gag. xv ff. terkeg- (so spelt) D tiirgiinlen- Ilap. leg.; Refl. 1)rn. V. fr. 1 radlif-i yok digor ptrdan rca pafar az 'aqab ham- tiirgiin. Xak. xr 01 bu: evni: tiirgiinlendl: -rafton 'to foll~wone another, to walk in a line, 'hc reckoned this house to be one of the houses one behind the other' Sun. 19rr. 13, of his people and stopped at it' (min c~rwrlnbuyt ahlilri fa-traznlo hihi) Kaz. I1 278 (tiirgiln- lenil:r, tiirgiin1enme:k). Trls. DRG I I) tire:@: (d-) Conc. N. fr. tire:-; 'column, Dis. DRL support', and the like. Survives in NE Bar. 1) tar1a:ltarla:g See tar12ia:g. tirew R 111 1365; NC Ktr. tlro; Kzx. tirew. Cf. tirek, tlrgiik. Xak. xr tire:@: 'anything D turln:k 'emaciated' and the like. Setnan- on which something rests (ya'tamid 'alayhi) tically connected w. 2 tu:r- but not in]- and which supports (ya'nrid) something', for mediately der. fr. it. N.0.a.b. Xnk. xl turla:k example 'a pillar' (01-sdriya) and the like Kap. 'emaciated' (01-naf~ij)of any animal; and if 1447. a man grows up a weakling (pubba'l-inrcin bi'l- -dtr'f) he is called tur1a:k Kai. 1467: KIP. xrv I D t6reklig Hap. leg.; P.N.l.4. fr. t6rek. Xak. turlak al-mrrrtahqoru'l-garb mina'l-inrdn 'a XI (after terekllk) wa srillibtrhu 'and the owner contemptable destitute man' Id. 62: Osm. of (a pop111r plantationj' kith -g, i.e. tereklig xvlrr turlak (spelt) in Rlimi, cawiin omrad Kay. I 509. nam-xwasta 'a young and beardless youth'; also used for a young and beardless dervish (abdal D tbreklik Hap. leg.?; A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. qalandar) Sun. 172~.28 (the latter meaning I tbrek. Xak. xr tereklik tnanhifu'l-hawr 'a seems to lie behind Sami turiak 'young, plantation of poplars' Ka?. 1509. undisciplined (man); unbroken (horse)'; Red. torlak ditto). D tiriglik (d-) A.N. fr. tirig; 'life, existence', and the like. S.i.m.m.l., usually abbreviated D terlik (Id-) A.N. (Conc. N.) fr. te:r; to tirilik or tlrllk; SW Az. dirilik; Osm. 'something which absorbs sweat', with various dirlik; 'Rm. di:rilik. Xak. xr KB tiriglik specific applications. S.i.m.m.1. usually an ter- tllese 'if a man wislies for life' (i.e. for lik, but NE TUV.derlik; NC Ktr. terdrk; his reputation to outlive him) 183; yigitlik SW Tkm. derlik; normally 'saddle-felt'; the kaqar 01 tirigilk uqar 'youth passes and (fairly recent) Osm. meaning 'slipper' evolved life flies away' 231; 0.0. 60, 232, 364, 949, from 'a light inner shoe worn under heavy etc.: xrlr(?) Tef. tirlglfk 'life' 302: XIV boots to absorbthcs\veat'; I.-w. in Pe. and other Rhg. tiriglikim 'my life' R I11 1369: Muh. languages, Doerfer I1 894. Xak. xr terlik 'the a/-hayawn (sic) 'life' d1:rigllk Mel. 45, 6; felt (01-mir~ohn)which is put under the saddle- t1:rI:gltk Rif. 138: Gag. xv ff. tirlglikztndagi cloth (01-mnlivo) Kaj. 1476: Gag. xv ff. t6rlik 'life' Sun. 193~.6: Xwar. x~vtiriglikltirlik Son. 57'. 27Ceprirn): Osm. x~vto xvr derllk, 'life' Qtrtb 180; tiriglik Nahc. 289, 7: Kom. mainly noted in Pe. dicts., '3 thin transparent xlv 'life' tirilik CCG; Gr.: KIP. XIV tirlik garment' (usually feminine) TTS I1 286; I11 al-hnydl; also spelt with d- Id. 38; ditto 187; IV 213. dlrlik Btrl. 5, I I : Osrn. x~vff. dirlik 'life'; c.i.a.p. TTS I 21 I ; 11 305; I11 199; IV 230; S tirlik See tiriglik. XIV dirilik 1210. VU(?D) torlug (torlog; id-) 'sort, kind'. D *terkkiila: See terk. Survives in SW Osm. tUrlil (earlier dUrlU), Tkm. dtirll; the consistent spellings with -6- 1) t6rigse:k Hap. leg.; Desid. Den. N./A. fr. in TT FIJI, however, suggest that this was tkrlg. Xak. XI (in a list of Desid. Den. N.s) the original vowel; the sound change (I > U and one says fi'l-kalinmti'l-mtrmdla,'in a word is common in SW. Etymolo~yobscure; un- containing d(?)' 01 tava:r t6rigse:k 01 'he is likely to be a P.N./A. in -lug; there is no fond of accuniulating (cam') property' Kay. semantic connection with t6:r. It has no con- 11 55, 21. nection witl? the modern word tilr, 'shape, fonil, exterior, appearnnce, pattern, type', 'I'rls. V. DRG- which occurs in several languages in all groups U tirlg1e:- (

h, royal ladics (01-xoruBfin) and 1) 1 turma: 1)ev. N. fr. 1 tur-; lit. 'standing'; others. great and small; this word is not ap- 'an offering'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. ~IIIff. Ilud. TT plied to anyone except the children of X5- VII r6 is a fragment of a text prescribing the klni kings; if they are grown up (haburzi) offerings to be made to various divine per- altun terim is used in the title of royal ladies sonages. Ll. 7-16 listing the offerings to be made to the planets is headed aqlarl erser (fi laqnhi'l-nisfi'i'l-xazuBtin) Kag. I 396: Gag. (?) xv ff. terem (so spelt) a name for great 'as for their foods'; these offerings are vege- ladies (srcvftlirt-i brrztrrg); (I'e. qr~otn.); the tables and dairy products. LI. 17 ff. listing author of the Forhong-i Cihn~t~iriincluded this sitnilar offerings to be made to the yaksns is word in his dict. with a quotn. San. ri)zr. zq. headed yak~alarnrgturrnalarr erser; (and after preaching this szilra) yavgan turma tnrrlm 'a camel colt', the next age-group [gap! egsugsiz(?) yetgiirgeli 'offering plain beyond a botu:, q.v. ; the agc indicated varies offer~ngsw~thout stint(?)' (to the four divine in different lanpuagcs. Survives in NE 'Tuv. mahdrdjds-i.e. the yok~os)Srrv. 26, 19-20; dorum 'a one-year old'; SW Ostn. torun tart maharac tegriterke turma otuneyin (qic) 'a two-car old'; Tkni. to:rum 'between 'I u-ill offer offerings to the four divine SIX rtlonths and a year'. See ShrJzrybak, p. 106. mohdrfijcis' do. 27, 12-13. Xak. XI torum (hi'l-ijbd, 'with back vowcls) ibn maw54 'a camel colt', Feminine ti$i: IF 2 turma: 'radish'. Xak. XI turma: al- torum kby. I 396: xrv Muh. ol-fnril 'a camel -fuel (MS. ficl) 'radish'; hence of-cazar 'carrot' colt just weaned' to:rum/to:rom Met. 7, 15; is called ear18 turma: that is 'yellow radish', Rif. 79; a/-/tiqq propcrly 'a threteyear old', and the pcople of Argu: call it gkzri: taken but thc onlv word for 'colt' under 'catnels' fr. the Pe. wnrd for 'carrot', gazar, substi- to:rrr:m 70; 7; 172: Gag. xv ff. torum 'a tuting front vowels (rahhakzihrr); the Oguz two-year old camel colt'; a one-year old is call it (VU) ge$ur, also taken from the Per- called koqek and ke~elekand a three-year sians; when they mingled with the Persians taylak; and it (? taylak) is also a ptnllion they forgot some of their language and used (nsb-i nor) which they allow to run with the Persian instead (ratious examples follow) mares and breed from SRII. I73r. 9; a.0. Kaj. 1431; a.o. I 366 (kiivij): KIP. xi11 af- 306v 18 (kiiqek): (Klp. xrv (a camel) allrzdi -fuel (a~r:(PU) erege:; also called) turma: lahtc sanatdn 'two years old' torumqax Bul. Hou. 8,13: (xlv turp('with -p') 01-fucl fd. 38). 7, 5). D tarrnut Hap. leg. but see tarmutltg, D turum (d-) N.S.A. fr. 1 tur-; lit. 'a single tarmutlan-; Active Dev. N. fr. tarma:- act of standing'. S.i.s.m.1. with various ex- with -a:- elided; lit. 'something \vhich fended meanings, e.g. SWOsm., Tkm. durum branches out'. Xak. xr tarrnut ficdcu'l- position, attitude'. Uyg. vrlr ff. Fn.turum -cabal wa fald'uhu 'ravines and stream-beds in RTR seems to mean 'completely, or 'imme- the mountains'; hence one says ta:g tarmut diately'; (anger) turum ara (destroys fully ke~tim'I crossed ravines and stream-beds in matured doctrine and humble thoughts) 7'T the mountains' Kay. I 45 I. I1 17, 70: nud. (let the king offer incensc . . .) 01 tutsiigniig tiithi turum ara kok kaltk D tarma:k Conc. N. fr. tarma:-; as that V. iqinde yad~lrp'the smoke of that incense is a Den. V. fr. tarrm the basic meaning must will immediately pervade the atmosphere and' be 'something which branches out in several Stro. 424, 12-14; a.0. 425, 21 : Xak. XI turum directions', but, perhaps because of its resem- qadr qanrafi'l-mcul 'the height of a man stand- blance to trqak, it sometimes means 'claw', ing upright'; hence one says bl:r er turumr: instead of 'a set of claws, a talon' which would SU:V 'water (etc.) the depth of the heirrht of a etymolo~ically he more correct. Survives in man' Kas. I 396: (xrv Muh. (under 'weavers' NE Sor tarbnk 'leather glove'; Tel. tarmak 'rake'; Khnk. tarbnx 'forked, branchina'; firmng- VeI. 187); trrman-jtlrmag- hri rang 'I'uv. drrbnk 'na~l,claw'; SE 'I'urki tarmak rcn nnsrrn raspidon run ha-hdlA rn/mn 'to climb 'hranch, offshot; harrow, grapnel'; NC Klr., up hnldin~on by the ciaws or nails' Sun, 192v. Kzx. tarmak 'hranch'; trrmak 'claw'; SC I 7 (quotns.) Uzh. tnrmok 'hranch. handle; net'; NW l -I-, prob. under the influence D tarmutlan- liap. le~.;Refl. J3cn. V. fr. of trrgnk, is rcflcctcd in the vocalization of tarmut; cf. tarmaklan-. Xak. xr su:v snnle of the iler. f.s in the MS. of Kng. Xak. tarrnutlandl: $am'/-me' da a'ddd u'n xulr xi 01 anq yu:zin tnrma:dl: sadnpnlrrr 'he 'thc watct fi)nnrcl (srparntc) hranchcs and scratchrd his face' A-o~.II 364, I (in a gram- charltrels' Iin$. I1 270 (tarmutlanu:r, matical sectiorl); n.rn.e.: Ca& xv ff. tlrma- tarmut1anma:k; thcsc two tnisvocalized (-p, etc.) sor- rcn trru!rknm rylr- 'to wrap up, trrr . . .). make fast', and pnncn rrrrrp trrnrnla- 'to claw' 1,'cl. 187 (quotns.); trrma- (spelt) gang run 11 tarmaklan- Ihp. leg ; Refl. Den. V. ~(ixrrttzndan 'to scrath with the nails or claws', fr. tarma:lc; cf. tarmutlan- Xak. xr bo:y in Kihttf t~rmaln-;and, nietaph., xarajidan tarmaklandr: nazala'l-hildl wa'l-pabey11 ka'l- 'to scratch, lacerate' San. r92r. 28 (quotns.): -masdlih fi'l-majZza min kull cn'nih 'the clans Klp. xv xnrbaja 'to scratch' trrna- (sic) and (Hend.) settled in the desert (fanning out) like trrma- added abovc in the same(?) hand claws in every direction': and one says balo: Ttllr. Ija. I. tarmaklandl: 'the nestling grew claws' (rtm.udd1ib); and 8u:v tarrnaklandl: 'the water D tarmat- Hap. leg.?; Caus. f. of tarma:-. fornied channels' (srrlc) Kaj. I1 274 (tarmak- Xak. sr 01 anlo yu:zin tarrnattl: a.udnjn Lanu:r, tarmak1anrna:k). ;cnchohrr 'he had his facc scratched' Kay. II 349 (tarmatux, tarmatma:k); a.0. 364, 8. 1) turn~eklen-(d-) Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. fr. turmek. Xak. XI Stmek tiirmeklendr: D tarmal- Hap. leg.?; Pass. f. of tarma:-. ri~t~rxi&mina'l-xubzi'l-zumdward 'meat balls lak. XI anlo yii:zl: tarmaldi: 'his face was were made out of the bread' Kup. I1 276 scratched' (vrrdr$n) Knp. 11 230 (tarmalu:r, (tCirmeklenii:r, tllrmek1enme:k). tarma1mn:k; twice vocalized trrmal-). D tar1mla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. tarlm. U tarmag- Recip. f. of tarma:-; s.i.s.m.l. w. Xak. xr 01 iigtizni: tar1mla:dr: 'he crossed some phonetic changes. Xak. xr ola:r ikki: the river island by island ('ahara . . . cazi- tarmagdi: 'they scratched one another' min(n) fa-cnzirata(n)) from one channel (mxddayd) Kay. II ao.7 (tarmagu:r, tarmag- (trslic) to another', that is he avoided its quick- ma:k; the tA' everywhere carries both sand (tayhtirahrr) Ka& III 341 (tarxmla:r, fatha and knsra): Gag. xv ff. (ttnnan- (-dl) tarlm1a:ma:k). DIS. DRN

1) turum1a:- (d-) Den. V. fr. tururn; sur- Kaj. I!I 370: Xwar. XIII d4renlde:re:n vives with the same meaning in NF. Sor 'deep' Ali 57: XIII(?)teri~ (? d-) mtiren turumna-; Tel. turumda- R I11 1456. 'a deep river' (&long. I.-w.) Of. 175: Kom. Xak. xr ol 8u:vug turumla:dl: qoddara XIV 'deep' tereg (sic) CCC;; Gr.: KIP. XIII rrmqa'l-me' hi-qtirnntilii 'hc measured the ol-'amiq (opposite to 'the opposite of dee depth of the water hy his own height' Koj. III ?I:; I'krn. slk) terin Nou. 7, I : (XIVunder 'x: 341 (turumla:r, tururn1a:ma:k). with -d-'; dil:den 01-'amiq Id. 48 looks like an error for derti:n): xv 'amiq (PU yaran. L) tarlmsln- Ilap. Icg.; Refl. Si~nulativeDen. g1g11; in margin) terin Tub. 25a. I I ; teren 1'. 1'. fr. a N.S.A. fr. tar]:-. Xak. XI 01 tar@ (sir) 'amiq do. 74a I. tarlmslndl: 'he pretcndcd to sow the seed (ynzra'u'l-znr'), hut did not actually sow it' VU tlrig liap. leg.?; onomatopoeic. Xak. XI Ka$. I1 259 (tarlmslnu:r, tarlrns11lma:k). one says kula:krrn tirig etti: 'my ear buzzed' (tanttat); it is an onomatopoeic (hikya) for any D tkrirnsin- (d-) Hap. leg. ; Reil. Simulative similar sound; hence one says ya:sln tirig Ilcn. V. fr. tkrirn N.S.A. fr. tk:r-, not noted etturdi: 'he twanged (onboda) his bow'; it is in the early period hut fairly common in SW an onomatopoeic for the noise made by the Osrn. until recently as tlcrlrn scc TTS I 196, string Kaj. 111 370. etc. Xak. XI 01 yarma:k tkrlmsindi: 'he pretended to accumulate (yocmn') dirhams' turfia: (Id-) 'crane' (bird). S.i.a.m.l.g., Kal. II 261, I (in a grammatical section); usually turna, occasionally tlrnaltorna; n.m.e. NE l'uv. durya:; SW Az., 'Ikm. durna; Osm. turna. See Doerfer I11 r 181. TtlrkU D turumsln- (d-) Hap. leg.; KeR. Simulative vrlr ff. turfiya: (SIC)kug 'a crane' (settled on Den. V. fr. tururn. Xak. xr 01 yoka:ru: its nest) IrkB 61: Xak, xr turna: at-kurki turumsand~: 'he pretcndcd to stand up 'crane' Koj. III 239: KB 74 (kiikig), 5377: (gnqlint), but did not actually do so' KO?: I1 xrv Mrlh 01-kurki turna: Mel. 73, I ; tu:rna: 260, 10 (in a gran~maticalsection); I1.m.c. Rif. 175: Fag. xvff. turna 'a bird of blue colour ~5 hich has a long neck and puts its tail Dis. DRN fcathers over its hcad', in Pe. kulang 'crane' San. 173r. 5 (quotn.): Kom. xlv 'crane' turna D tBrin (d-) Intrans. Dcv. N. fr. tB:r-; 'an CCI; Gr.: KIP. xIrr al-kurki furna: Hou. assembly, gathering'. N.o a.b. In the Iiend. 10, 5: xrv ditto fd. 63; Bul. I I, 9: xv ditto terin kuvra:g 'a (religious) community'. Cf. Kav. 62, r 3; Tr~h.31a. I : Osm. xvl ff. Wrna tkrig, t6rne:k. Turku vrrr ff. Man. ukUg 'crane'; common TTS IV 762. tkr[in] kuvrag 'niany communities' MIII21, 13: Uyg. war ff. Man. t[kr]lnl[er]i kuvrag- tlrgak (Id-) 'a (human or animal) nail, or I[ar]~TT IX 97: Bud. bu yCrdeki tort claw'. Survives in NE several languages tarliig tCrin kuvrag~birle 'together with tlrgak; Tuv. dlrgak; SE Tiirki tlmak; SC their four kinds of community on this earth' Uzb. tirnok; NW most languages tlrnak; TT VI 09; o.n. USp. 103, 20; Hiien-ts. 2080- SW Az., Tkm. d~rnak;Osm. tlrnak. The 2083; Suv. Z, 13. word was confused with tarrna:k and some modem xvords listed there may belong here. tcrlg (ci-) 'dcep'; s.i.a.m.1.p. cxccpt SE, See Doerfer 111 I 182. Tiirkii vrir ff. frkB 44 us~~allywith -e- in the second ~yllahlc;SW (tttrn-): Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-A M I 17, 20 Az., Osm. derln; Ykm. deri:g. Uyg. VIII ff. (1 u:q): Dud. kaltr t~rgakUzeki toprak teg Dud. (the Uodhisattva named) Surnkr terig 'like earth under the nails' TT VI 3363: Civ. 'as deep as Mount Sumeru (is high)' TT VI tigrak (sic) blqgu kun 'days for cutting the 360; (all the) terigde terig 'very profound' nails' TT VII 32, I ; a.o.0.: Xak. xr t~n~ak (interpretations of the doctrine) Suer. 202, al-zufr 'nail, claw' Kay. 111 382; 0.0. I 134 21-2; nlzvan~ltgkirleri terig iiqiin 'because (uriig), 177 (ad~r-):KB 2377 (ilig-): xrr~(?) the stains caused by their passions are deep' Tef. ttlrnak (sic) 'nail' 303: xrv Muh. 01-rufr Hiien-ts. 104; 0.0. Kuan. 177 (and~k-);TT V dlrna:k Mel. 47, 9; Rif. 141; (under 'horses') 22, 18 etc. (tlitriim): Civ. teri~kudug 'a hzfirhd 'their hooves' t1rna:k 69, 14; ditto deep well' TTSI102; er kut1(readquwwatl) (MS. ttna:k) 171 : Gag. xv ff. ttrnagltlrnak belig suv kutl (read quwwatl) terig 'the nrirun 'claw' Sun. rg3r. 25: Xwar. xrv t~rnak strength of a man lies in (his power to cause) 'finger-nail' Qutb 193: Klp- xlrl (under terror; the strength of water lies in its depth' 'birds') al-mixlob 'claw' dlrga:k (sic, ? re- VII 42, 4; a.0. do. 30, 11 (Clt1~-):Xak. xr presenting d1qa:k) Hou. 10, 15; al-zufr terig tegiz 01-ba!tru'l-afyahu'l-'amiq 'the wide, tlrnak do. 20, 15: XIV f~rnakal-znfr fd. 62: deep sea' Kay. 111 370 (and see Oguz): XIII(?) xv ditto Kav. 61, 5; Tuh. 24a. 13; maxdlib Tef. terlg 'dcep' 300: XIV Muh.(?) of-'amiq t~rnakdo. 33b 9: Osm. xlv to xv~dlrnak derig (unvocalized) Rif. 153 (only): Qag. (once xrv tirnak) 'nail, claw'; in several texts sv ff. t6rig 'amiq Sun. 193v 11 (quotns.): TTS Izo2; II 894; III 191; IV2111. OBuz xr (after Xak.) and the O~uze(call) anything 'copious and deep' (gazir amiq) D t8rne:k (d-) abbreviated Dev. N. fr. terig; one says terlg u:rl: 'a deep ravine' and tdrin-; 'an assembly or gathering'. SUN~VM teri~bilge: 'dim i~akim$nziru'l-'ilm wa'l- only(?) in SW Osm. dernek. Cf. terig, -bihma 'a profound scholar, a very wise man' tkrin. Xak, xr t6rne:k ma,hfolu'l-qmem DIS. IIRN ictanta'ri'l-rodbir 'a fiathering of n tribe (when) 1) tiren- (d-) Refl. f. of tlre:-; lit. 'to support they meet for discr~ss~ons'KO!. 1 477: KB oneself (on somethinc)', with extended mean- 4829 (tars:-): Osm. \;rv lf. rlernek/dCrnek ings l~ke'to brace oncsclf apainst (something); 'assenihly, pathering'; c.i.a.p. TTS 1 197; I1 to resist'. S.i.s.m.l.; SW Az., Osrn. dlrcn-; 287; I11 18j; IV 214. 'I'km, cll:ren-. Xak. sr er 1:ptln tlrendl: (MS. tcrindi:) 'the man rcfrainrd from U tkrgck (d-) pec. to Koy.; apparently the (irntn?m'n . . . win; taking) the act~on';alqo for right sprllinp in spite of its unusual position refraining frirtn anything; and one says er in the hook (sre qiigek); if so, abbreviated ta:mka: tirendl: 'the man lcant (itfakn'o) I>ev. N. (cirnnrjting habitual actlon) fr. tbrin-, aUninst thr \rcall' (etc.) Koj. I1 14s (tire:nur nriginally *tCrlngek. The main entry is (sir), tirenmck); (if misfortune comes . . .) unvocalized, the others fully vocalized; the anqa: agar tirengil 'and so Iirace yourself spelling tergu:k is no doubt due to the sup- against it' 111 233, 16: KR tiren arka betme posrd connection with tnrntiq. Xak. XI 'hrace yollrself and do not turn your back' (on tergek 01-~nzzinina'l-inii' 'water oozing from the enemy) 2378; (whatever I took firm hold the ground', in Ar. trrriirtq (hlS. tornqrcq, pro- of) 01 anqa tirendi eletti tat12 'he equally perly torn~iq'river slime'); the qcifwas changed supported himself on and deprived of attrac- to kiif, Trcn hodihi mrtsu6Jipn 'this is a con- tion' 3885; (the body is a dangerous enemy) current meaning' K~$.II 291 ; tergii:k (sic) tilekinqe lgrna kat~klantlren 'do not give suvl: iqelirn 'let us drink water oozing from in to its desires, he firm and brace your- the ground' (nrii'n'f-nozz) 11 6, 2; iinrniq self' 3638: [slv RIuh.0) 01-m'do ti:re:nrnek ulug tergek iize: kop kagakt: translated (PIS. -irmk) RI'J 125 (only); 01-m'da 'to thun- (freely) niiltcrr fi ocitnmii' tco !~oyZ' ko!ira der, threaten' must he an error, perhaps for irohntn 'nlii rird ittnncala tnina'l-ard 'I shall go nl-rikzn 'to he firm, resr~lute'): Kom. XIV 'to into the luxuriant vegetation and bulrushes be erected' tiren- CCG; Gr. which grow in abundance on the swampy ground' 11 328, 17. 1) 1 turun- (d-) Hap. ley.; Ilefl. f. of 1 tur- ; the t\\m entries. hoth self-contained, are Dis. V. IIRN- separated frotn one another hy four others but seem to rrprescnt the same V. Xak. XI ol 1) taran- ( ?d-)Refl. f. of tara:-;'tocornbone's lnnga: turundl: qrlu*(zmnni 'he faced me'; own (hair)' and thr like. S.i.m.nl.1. Xak. XI also used i&i qfitna bi-nirtp3/~ilnliliiw3n 'drndoht~ ol saqtn tarand~: 'he comhed his own for 'to confront, oppose' Kaj. I1 145 (turu- (inrtaqo!~) hair without help from anyone else' nu:r, turunrna:k): er t:$ta: turundl: 'the fir. II 145 (tara:nur (sic), taranma:k). tnan hesitated ahout (or delayed; tnrc~nqqofa) the \\pork' XI 146 (turunu:r, turunma:k). L) tarin- Rcfl. f. of tan:-; n.n.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Civ. bodun tartnlp yet 'the land 1) 2 tutun- Hap. Irg. j Refl. f. of 2 tux-. which the people cultivate for themselves' Xak. XI at turuntll: the horse (etc.) was USp. 77, 6: Xak. sr er tang tartnd~:'the emaciated' (h~rzilo)Krrp. II 146 (turunu:r, rrlrin pretcndetl tocultivate the land'(yohrrttir'1- turunrnn:k). -1rqrf); also used \\-hen he cultivates it hy him- srlf &$. 11 145 (tar1nu:r. tar1nma:k); a.o. 1) turiin- ([I-) Ilrll. f. of tur-; survives US 'to ]I 1.59, 4. roll up' (Intrans.) only(?) in NC I

world of the gods, they hccorne) qogs~z Dis. URS yal~nu~zterinsiz kuvrakslz 'without glory tarus 'the roof of a house'; pec. to Xak.; per- or radiance and without (religious) com- haps a 1.-w.; Dis.s with final -s arr wry rare munities' Slrv. 299, 10-1. in 'Turk~sh. Xak. XI tarus ~oqf11'1-ho~r'the roof of a house' Kof. I 366; an. I1 105, 20 Tris., V. DRN- (tegie-). VCII) tergekien- IIap. leg.; Jlefl. Jkn. \'. fr. teroek, q.v.; spelt trrgriiklen-/trrigii/orpholopicallynbccure, perhaps Tkm. tirsek Hou. 20, I I : xv al-mirfaq (KIP. a I.-w, Xak. XI tararku: yC:r nrd nahttrhn qaganak Km. 61, I; ~aganakTtih. 32b. 6) Rayr mt~ltaff 'ground with sparse ve~etation' Tkm. tlrsek do. Kaj. 1489. Mon. DRS Dis. V. DRS- ?Fters Adj./Adv. with a rather widc range of 1) tersin- Hap. lea.; Ncfl. f. of *ters-, a V. pejorative meanings; originally pmb. 'false', homophonous with ters. Xak. sr beg agar also 'hostile, adverse, awkward. unconifr)rtable', tersindi: 'the beg was angry with him' and the like; more nr less syn. w. tCtrii with (pdihn 'nlayhi); and one says ha:$ tersindi: which it is often in Hend. in Uyk. S.i.a.m.l.g., his wound, or ulcer, broke out again (nukisn) trsually as ters, occasionally teris. Docrfer's after it had healed' (indirndl) Kaj. 11 240 theory in I1 840 that it is taken fr. I'e. tnrsd (tersinii:r, tersinme:k). 'Christian' (lit. '(God) fearing') is plausible; final -rs is very unusual in Turkish. L:w. in Trjs. DRS Mong., Pe., and other languages, see Doerfer, D t6riisiiz (t6ro:suz) Priv. N./A. fr. t8fii:; IOC. at. Uyg. vrrrff. Bud. ters k6riim n.0.a.h. Tiirkii VIII ff. Man. (if you offend) oritdim erser 'if I have caused false omens toriisiiziin 'contrary to the rules' TT11 6, 8: to arise' U 11 76, 8-9; same phr. but ters Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. bu iki ykgirmi tiirlug tetrii TT IV 8, 75; ters nomlug 'false tiiriisilz ujaklar bitigler 'these twelve kind: teachrr' TT VIII 0.3 (TT VI 57 ters tetru of irregular (or unlawful) letters and writings notnlua); o.o. Iliirn-fs. 1911-12 (qal-) and of T7' 261 ; a.o. do. 332. ters tetrii T?' VI 56-7 (tarii:); 331 (tiirliyi:); VI 1/11 40, 37, and see tktru:: Xak. XI ters 'any- thing diliicrllt (or awkward, pa'h)'; hence one Tris. V. DRS- says ters I:$ 'an awkward affair' Kng. I 348; PUI> tarls1a:- Ilap. leg.; there is no doubt (after qars) similarly one says (VU) ters ters that Kny. meant to spell this word with -s-, it (unvocalized) urd~:'he hit him frorn every immediately follo\vs the cross-heading -S- and direction' (nrin kt111 cdtrib) do.: KB idi ters precedes tarusla:-, but it is obviously der. bolur kiir bili~mezki~i 'a man without ultimately fr. tar-, and it is likely that the -s- acquaintances is in a very awkward position' is an error by Kaj. hiniself for -9-, since there 491; neye ters tiigiin erse 'however com- is no known Dev. Suff. -8 and the word is plicated a knot is' (he unties it) 1856; (it is easy easily der. fr. a Dev. N. in -19 fr. ta:r-; the to ask questions) tersi cawlb 'what is difficult second vowel is uncertain, fatha once on the is answering them' 1907; (food and drink) idi Perf., unmarked elsewhere, but -1- is likeliest. ters holur 'are a very awkward matter' (if you Xak. XI alp rerig tar1sla:dl: (MS. mms1a:di:) distrust the cook) 2826; 0.0. 1908, 2146, fnrraqa'l- hatat cnm'a'l-hnrb 'the warrior hroke 4017: (xr~r(?)Tef. "trsr 'difficulty, awk\vard- up the (enemy's) ranks'; and one says cagn: ness' terslik 300): Gag. xv ff. ters (I) ma'ktis ka:zlfj tar~sla:d~:'th4 falcon broke up the 'inverted'; (2) snrgin 'dung' Snn. r55r. R (the flock of geese' (Kq.ducks'); also used of second tneanirlg, which also occurs in Osm. is anyone who breaks up something by force presumably metaph.): Kom. x~v'irascible, un- (hi-qtreutcatihi) Kaj. III 332 (tar~sla:r,tansla:- friendly' ters CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrv ters al- ma:k). -mnqltih 'inverted'; one says tonun ters keydi: 'he wore his clothes inside out' fd. 38: sv L) tarusla:- Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. tarus. tna'klir ters 3irh. 34h. 7: Osm. xlv, xv ters Xak. XI 01 evin tamsta:dl: itta.uada Ii'l-bayl izine don- 'to retrscp one's steps'; in two saqf 'he roofed his house' Kag. 111 332 texts .TT$ III 679. (tarusla:r, tarus1a:ma:k).

it has no connection with tog 'hodily humour' to:g (d-) 'the chest' and tllore specifically 'the in Up@. Ci\.. 11 II zz, 23, \vhich is a I.-w. fr. upper part of the chest'. S.i.a.1i1.l.g. w. minor Sanskrit doin. 'I'iirku VIII ff. hlan. (he ran phonetic changes; in SW Az., Osm. dog, in away tearing off his gar~ncnts)bir tos basqa Tkm. do:g, in Yakut tubs, Pek. 2908; in NE tegdi. otrii ozin ol tos baslga kemisti Tuv. tog is 'chest' and dog 'rising ground', yuntt arttlntl 'and reached a pool(?). Then perhaps the same word; with some extended t~ethrew himself in the pool and washed and meanings, e.g. 'anvil' in some modern Ian- cleansed himself' M 17, 18-21 (in this MS. g guages. Cf. kogiiz. A I.-rv. in Pe., see Doerfer is represcntcd by s; mistranscribed tfrsbanga): I1 965. UyR. vrrl ff. Man. tog1 01 karnug Uyg. VIII ff. Man.-t\ (in a very damaged pas- tumen yllan 'her chest is all innumerable sage referring to water and fish) [gal;] tog bag snakes' M I1 rr, 21; a.0. do. 12 (tiiltlit-): [gap] do. 35, 13: Bud. (that Lu~antaBuddha's Xak. xr to:g (bi'l-patnma 'with front vowel') nature is everything, earth, mountains, stones, al-qafga rua hiya ra'su'l-sadr 'the upper part of sand, streams, river waters, all) tog bag1 the chest' Ka$.III 125; a.0. III 346 (t8:gle:-): 'pools' (brooks, waters, etc.) TT V, p. 15, xrv Muh. al-sadr d8:g Afel. 47, 13 ; (kogiiz; tiote X 23, 17. al-zaror 'the upper part of the chest' t8:g Rif. 141); a.o. r5o (I ba:g): Gag. xv ff. tog sina 1 tu:g (d-) basically 'equal, equivalent', 'breast' San. 178r. 13 (quotns.): Xwar. xrv hence 'opposite to, facing'; survives with these tog 'breast' Qrtth 184 (in the quotn., however, and some extended meanings in NE most tag keldi is an error for tug keldi): Korn. dialects tugltus 1499. 1508; I a consequence of that' U 111 31, 6; 0.0. do. 8y, dii?). 12-15; 90, 19; (faith is the first cause) lizelenii 2 tu:g 'hucklc'. N.o.a.h.. but cf. tu$a:- tiigke Cltmeknig 'leading to the highest ivhich tives the vo\vel. Cf. 2 toku:. Xak. XI rewards' 7'T V zo, 3; 0.0. 1J I 27, 15 etc. tu:g (hi'/-6h,i', 'with hack vowel') 'a belt (utll:); S~rr!. 475, 10-1 I - (nmtrtgur-); Strv. hucklc (ihzintri'l-niinfoqa) nmde of gold or 38, 14 ff. is a long passape on the Duddha's ~il\~erwhich is fastened to the ends of straps' snmhlrognk@w tiig etozi: Cir. bu s6gUtnug (01-rrrv~ir)Kaf. I11 125: KB (there is gold in tug1 'the fruit of this tree' T?' VII 28. 14; (if the hoqom of the bro\vri earth: if it is ex- n man a tree) 01 sOgUtte yet1 torlilg tracted) hrgler bnglncla tug 01 'it becomes a tug yemlg 'there are seven kinds of fruit on that t>uckle on h~as'213 (bagtnda pmb. here not tree' do. 42; in USp. tiig sometimes means specitically 'oil the heads'). 'a cr(tp' e.g. 28, 6 (Uleg-); t~utis generally used,

1) tog- (d-) Hecip. f. of to:-; 'to fill' and the reputation' TT I 170-1; 0.0. TT VII 27, like. Survives only(?) in SE 'I'ar. tog- 'to he 16 (uma:y); II I 116: Xnk. xi er attin full; to come to an end' (i.e. to completion) tugdi: 'the man dismounted (nnznla) from the R I11 1218; 'l'tirki to$- (of thr hour of death) horse'; and one says er ta:mtl~ntiigtll: 'the 'to arrive'mrring 3 1 2 (not, as there suggested, man fell (cnqnta) off a wnll', alsn off a horse or a Scc. f. of tag-). Uyg. v~irH. Ihd. [buyan- anything else that one falls oli' Kop. II 13 11g] bllge billglig yivig tolgu to$guka 'to (tuge:r, tii$me:k); over a dozvn o.o. mostly till up and co~npletethe equipment of merit translated rcnqo'a 'to fall': KB tugti(ctc.) 'dis- arid wisdom' Tl' V, p. 3j, fotltnotc I, 1. 2; the mounted' 489 (bugao-), 520, 586, etc.; Iglg \rord is also included, without references, in tiigse 'if a task falls to you' 586; (anything that the vocabulary in U I gc) as tran-lating the leans over) turumaz tiiger 'cannnt stand but Clii~resrphr. clr'tr~rgntair 'to fill' (L'iler z,c)z+ falls down' 807: x~ir(?)At. bu ajun ribsf 01 7,622). tii~upkijqguluk, r1bRfkn tiigiigli tiiger keqguliik 'this world is an inn where one tug- (du:g-) 'to meet' and the like; seman- stops and niust niove on; whoever stops at an tically connected as a homophon~c V. w. 1 inn stops and must then pass 011' 177-8; Tef. tu:g. Survives only(?) in SW 'I'km. du:$-, tiig- 'to stop, settle, fall (lit. and nietaph.)', same meaning. Uyg. vrrr ff. Dud. (when I was etc. 320: XIV Mrth. rcnqo'a dug- Mpl. 32, 5; travelling in India) tugdum sizig qoglug Rif. 116: Gag. sv ff. tu$- (-ti, etc.) diif-, and yal~nlrg erigigizke bert~rgtzka 'I en- 'to dismount' (Pn-) from a horse, and 'to fall countered (?hecame aware of) your brilliant down' (diif-) fro111 n high place, and 'to alight (Fiend.) activities (I-Ie~id.)'Niirn-1s. 2078-9; at a stoppina place' (hir tnenzilrle ko11-) Vel. 0.0. I'P 17, 1-3 (ud~k);[IS/,. 43, 4-5: Civ. (if 211 (quotn.); tug- (ha-iyhri' 'with -ii-') frrrrid a rnan cuts his nails on a Hen Day) edgii dnrodon 'to alight', and rrftddnn 'to fall'; and ki[gikej tuvar'he meets a good man' TT VII \vhm it is used to make a Compound (nrtrrok- 32, 14-15: Xak. xi 01 mags: tugd~:loqiyani knh) \'. with another V, it tneans pori/(ixtnn 'to rcrt ro'dni 'he met, sa\v me' Kay. II 12 (tugax, complete', e.g. ata tug- tir-nndcizi pnrdGxtatr tu$ma:k); a.0. 126, 15: KB sevinqke tugup 'to finish shooting' Son, 176r. 25 (quotns.): 'meeting (i.e. experiencing) pleasure' 95 ; yorlp Xwar. sir1 diiy- 'to full' 'Ali 27; 'to happen' utru h3cib ok~d~tugup 'the Chamberlain do, 35: srr~(?) kiiktln bir kok yaruk . went to meet him and invited him in' 576; 0.0. tiigdi (?d-) 'a bluc light fell from heaven' 521, 2267, 2336, 2340 (arta:k), 5955, 5963: Og. 51-2; ulug oliig bargu tiigdi 'large (~III(?)7bf. tu$mak 'meeting' 316): Xwar. quantities of booty fell to the lot ofS(ttieartny, x~vtug- (with Dot.) 'to meet, go to' Qutb 187: etc.) 272; yurttka iiyke tiigti kktti 'he Kip. xrv tuq- Zdro 'to visit' fd. 63. \vent back to his cncatnpliietit (tlend.)' do. tug- (d-) has a general connotation of move- 309: XIV tug- 'to fall, to stay for tire night', etc. tnent do\v~in.ards both voluntary, 'to settle Qrrtb 191 ; i\lN 43, etc.; Nahc. 104, 10 (2 ok); (some\vhere); to dismount; to retire, withdraw 320, 3; 41.5, I: Kom. x~v'to fall' tiig- CCI, (to soniewhere)', and involuntarily 'to fall CCG; Gr. 260 (quotns.): K~p./?'km. ~III (crH something)'. S.i.a.111.l.g. xvitli minor nnznln tu$- (also eft-) lioir. 33, 16; mnqo'o phonetic changcs, and sorne cstensions of trrino'l-rcrrqri' tii$- do. 43, 3: xrv tiiq- hotli meaning; diig- in NE 'I'uv.; SW Az., Osm., rt~op'o and rtozoln; nlso pronounced diig- ,Ikni.. An early I.-us. in Iiungarian as &I-. id. 30; dug- rvoqn'n do. 48; Imbnfa 'to descend, Turku vrrr 01 nt antn: tug[di:] 'that horse fell collapse', and rmqn'n dug- 11111. Mr.: xv tug- there' IN4; (the eneniy) ogiizke: tiigdi: 'fell ttnroln Kav. 12, 12; 74, 9; 71th. 37a I ; 6021. into the river' T 16; ben evgerii: tugeyi:n 6; 69a. 4: Osm. xrv ff. dug- 'to happen; to be 'I am going home (to stay there)' T. 30: overthrown; to fall on (i.e. attack, somcone); vrlr ff. IrkB 46 (2 titlg); 64 (togra:k): Uyg. to fall to the lot of', etc.; c.i.n.p. T'I'S I246; II vrlr tiig- occurs nearly 10 times, usually in 348; I11 228; IV264. darnaged passages; in the clear cases, esp. in the phr. yana: tiig-, it seetiis to mean 'to withdraw with the intention of settling down', e.g. [gap] evi:me: eki:nti: ay altl: yag1:ka: tigi: (? d1$1:) 'female'. The original vowels tugdim 'on the sixth day of the second month are uncertain; the Dai. f, t~g~:ka:occurs once 1 went to my home (to settle down)' $11. W 4: in Kaq., and judging by the analogy of ~t,t~l, vrrr ff. R1an.-A hl I9, 13-14 (topu:); a.0. do. tl:g, etc. this was prob. the original vocalization, 20, 3; [gap] ykrgerii: tiigmigler erti 'had but elsewhere the vo\vels are either unknown fallen [froni heaven?] down to earth' M I1 7, or -1- . . . -i. Sun-ives in hTE most dialects 18;(the leaves) yercle tugti 'fell on the ground' tiziltiji; Tuv. diji; SE Tiirki tigi (Shoru, J!on.-tt

I Dis. 1)YC: r88r. 23 (thr tuyukltuyufi is a lvell-known D taya:k ((1-1 Cnnc. N. fr. tap:-; lit. 'prop, e:~rly'l'urkish wrcr fi~r~nused, intcr alia, ,I>y ~ support', hut usually in rnndcrn languages Qa{li Ilrrrlronrr'l-din; tltr scmantic conncctlon ~ is ol~scure). ' rprcitically '\valking stick', and the like. I S.~.a.rn.l.g.;SiY Az. dayak; Osnl. dayak; tayga:n 'crt,yttr>und, horzttr'; ~)rt~l).an old I 'I'km. tayak (irrrgular. I.-n.. fr. nome othcr anltilal namc cndrng in -aa:n. Survives ill I:ir~guagc); I.-\r. in I'e. and othcr languages, some NICI anprleges, SZ.: 'I'urki, and NC I.; prcsumahly onc says kucje:gii: tayak b8:rdr: 'the bride- sotnc k~ndof high nf?ici;~l. 'I'lic lirqt syllahlc grnotn (01-.~oton) gave a maid-senant or is proh. Clt~ncsct'oy 'grr;~t'((iilcs 10,573); slave, so that the hride dismuuntt~dfrom her Villi. 'I'honiscn in Itrrcriptiorrc tuyuk 'closed, nipgnrdly (i.e. with closed hands)', and the like. S.i.s.m.l. in NEand NC; D tayakltk (d-) A.Y. fr. taya:k; n.0.a.h. 'l'uv, duyuk; cf. tuyln. I'ass. Ijcr. N./A. fr. Uyg.\-III ff. nud. (just as the sound constantly *tu:- (see to:-) with euphonic -y- inserted. rises from a drtrnl . . .) ellgke tayakltk~n Xek. sr tuyuk ki~i:'a niggardly (ol-mrtnqa- 'with the help of the hand' (wood and leather) hid) man': tuyuk kun 'a rainy, fr,pg?l (dam rco Suv. 375. 7-8; hu yagrz yer tayakltkln dubfib) day': tuyuk kapug 'a cloced (inrtglaq) biitgiiliik neqe ecjler bar crser 'whatever dnor' hi~f.111 166: (:RE?. xv ff. tuyuk (spell) commodities tnust be produccd with the help cinfis 'a pun', which is one of the literary con- of thc hro\vn earth' do. 530, 1-2; a.o. Hii~n-ts. ceits (quotn.); and cincis in Turkish is a special 1949: Xnk. XI Kt3 (dn not take chances with metre which they called ha!rr-i triyriq; it is the encniy, know that he is powerful) tayaktrk a rum1 mrtsaddns tnaqsrir as stated (with an yag~katemiir kalkan et 'make an iron ! example) in Nawi'i's wsrk on prosody Son. shield your suppurt against the enemy' 4263. DIS. V. DYN- 569

D tuyag118 I'.N./A. fr. tuya:g (tufia:g); laymen and monks' TT IV4, 10; 0.0. U Ill n.o.a.b. Tlirkii VIII ff. Irlzll 5 (adgrrl~k; 34, 5 (ii); 36, 23; TT VII 40, 74, etc.: Civ. ?tuyo:glu:g): Xak. XI tuyagllg yrlkr: hnya- enetkek toyrn 'the Indian monk' TT VII 14. turin dti lidfir 'a hooved animal' Kaj. 111 178. I ; toyln and toyrn kull 'monk's servant' are fairly common in USp.; sometimes used as a I) t~lyugsuz(d-) Ilap. leg.?; I'riv. N./A. fr. P.N. e.g, as the name of a witness in 16, 25- *tuyuk, Ilev. N. fr: tuy-; 'without percep- 32: xrv Chin.-lJy2. Dict. 'Buddhist mnnk' tion'. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. TT Vl 460 (he1gii:- toyrn 1,igeti 268; H 111 1175: Xak. xr toyln fiiiz). a/-'ilc min untnmti'l-kafora 'an infidel among Tris. V. DYG- the pagans'; he has the same position among I) tayaklan- (d-) Refl. Den. V. fr. taya:k; them as an 'dlirn or mufti among us; he lives n.0.a.h. Xak. xr er tayaklandl: 'the man constantly with the idols and reads the hooks owned a walltinr-stick' ('o$C) Kaj. III 197 and legal pronouncements of the pagans, God (tayaklanur, tayak1anma:k); a.o. 198, 8. protect us from them Kaj. 111 169; 0.0. I11 Rq (yukun-); 377. I (tap1gsa:k): KIP. xlv 1) tayuklan- Ilefl. Den. V. fr. tayuk; toyin (hlSS. !njrn) al-ra'is fi din Uygrcr 'a n.0.a.b. Xak. XI yigit tayuklandr: tnznyyri'l- Icader in the religion of the Uybr' fd. 67. -ford hi-zayyI"l-aurfd' 'the youth dresserl eleaantly' Knj. III 197 (tayuklanu:r, tayuk- D tuyln Ifap. Icg.; syn. w. tuyuk, q.v.; pre- 1ayma:k). sutnahly Ilev. N./A. fr. *tu:- (see to:-). Xak. xr tuyln er 'a mean, niggardly (nl-daninu'l- Dis. DYL -nrrmqabid) man' Kaj. 111 169. (?n)taylao &[ap. leg.; syn. w. tayuk, r1.v. Xak. xr taylag er al-mctilu'l-zar$t'l-la!ijrr'I- D tayanq (d-) Dcv. N. fr. tayan-; appa- -qaddibl-rundiyu'l-lawni'l-naqi~~1'1-avb'an ele- rently a title of office; n.o.a.b.; cf. taya:gu:. gant man with a graceful figure, a clear Uyg. vrrr ff. Dud. (if a virtuour young man or complexion, and clean clothes'; this is tnainly woman) begke i~ikeInanq tayanq bolgal~ used of youths (ni-.fi/.vrin); one says taylaq kuseser 'wishes to hccome a confidant or yigit 'a fastidious (ritritaqazziz) clegant youth' assistant of a br,q or his lady' TT VII 40, 52; Kay. III 386. a.o. U Ill 62, 2 (ii). Dis. DYN S tuyr~akSee *tufia:g. teyig (?tdylg) 'squirrel', and by extension 'squirrel skin'; Kaj.'s form and translation Dis. V. DYN- must he due to a misunderstanding. S.i.a.m.1.~. D tayan- (dayam-) Refl. f. of taya:-; 'to except SW, usually as tiyiv/tiyin/ti:n, see support oneself by, lean on, or rely on (some- Slrclierbok, p. 142; the squirrel skin was usrd one or something Dat.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; dayan- as a currency unit in early Russia during the in NE Tuv.; SW Az., Osm., Tkm. Turku prriod when coins were scarce, and the word as vttrff. Man. Chtms. 175-6 (~nan-): Uya. ti:n still survives in some languages, including vrlr ff. nud. siigutke tayan~pturd1 he SW 'l'km. for 'kopek'; 1.-w. in Pe. and other stood leaning against a tree' U It1 22, 14; lenRuages in this last sense, see Doerfer 11 adlrtlamakka tayanrp 'relying on dis- 101.3. I'lirku vlrr kara: ki5i:n kiik teyi0i:n crimination' (hetwecn the pod and had in all 'their hlack sable and grey squirrel skins' I1 doctrines) Srta. 302, 23; 0.0. do. 297, 10; N I 1-12; S 12: Xak. XI tegig a/-sanimtir 589, 4; TT VIII E.8 (igid-); USp. roo, 5: 'sahle' Kay. 111 370: KB agr quz teyig kt$ Xak. XI 01 maga: tayand~: 'he leant on allr sen tCrip 'you collect and acquire trea- (ittaka'a 'alri) me'; also used when one leans sure, brncade, squirrel, and sable skins' 5.167; on anything Kaq. I11 190 (tayanu:r, tayan- t15ylr~kig iigt tuttl dunyS ici 'the interior of ma:k); 0.0. III 161, 2; 380 (taya:~~:):KB the world assumed the (dark) colour of squirrel tayanma tlriglikke 'do not rely on life' (it and sable' 5825: xtv Mtrh. al-sincrih 'squirrel' passes like a dream) 1332: Fag. xv ff. tayan- teyig Mrl. 72, 8; Rif. 174: Gag. xv ff. thyin 'to lean' (tnkiya kardan) in general, and 'to (spelt) siricdb Son. 203~.5 (quotns.): Kom. lean one's back against (something)' in parti- xrv 'squirrel, miniver' teyln CCI; Gr.: KIP. cular Son. 166v. 21 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv xrrr al-sincrib (VU) teyin EIoti. I I, 13: Osm. tayan- 'to support oneself on (something xrv to xvItr teyln 'squirrel' in 4 texts 7'TS II Dat.)' Qutb 168: Krp. srtr ta'akkoza 'to lean 892; ZV 752. on' taya:n- liou. 39, 2: xrv tayan- istanada wn ittaka'a 'to support oneself, lean on' fd. F toyrn '(Buddhist) mnnk'; I.-w. fr. Chinese 67: xv ittnka'a tayan- Tuh. qh. 9; a.o. dq. too jPn same meaning (Gi1t.s 10,780 5,624). 84a. 3: Osm. xv if. dayan- (and tayan-) 'to N.o.a.b.; became a 1.-\v. in Pe., hlonp., and rely on'; in several texts TTS I $82; 111 170; other languages, where it sometimes acquired IV193. other meanings, see Doerfer I1 99.1 Yakut toyon 'master, governor, ofiicial, mayor', and D tuyun- (d-) Refl. f. of tuy-; 'to have, or the like, Pek. 2706, is clearly a 1.-rv. fr. Mong. acquire perception, or awareness'; n.0.a.h. after it had acquired these extended meanings. Uyg. vrrl ff. Man. TT IZZ 120 (a6rg): Bud. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. Sanskrit hhiksr~'monk' toyrn Sanskrit bodhyntigci 'the constituent parts of TT VIII A.19, C.4; 0.0. N.1 (okr:-; spelt enlightenment' tuyu:nma:k bBlBkleri TT toyu:n), etc.; tikii~mlcjlk toyinlar 'many VIII A.15, 21, 22; (how can they fill their

lan~vages 'dust' is usually tozagltozan or thing on earth) Chuas. 47-8; do. 5-6 (tdrln-); Tag (? a I.-w.). Cf. 1 to:& Tiirkti vrrr ff. a.o.0. : Uyg. VIII ff. h'lan. Oz tnzlerin ukrtlp (clouds were stationary above) asra: toz making them undcrstand their own origin' turdl: 'dust was stationary helow' IrkB 15: TT I11 30; konl tozin unltmlglarka- 'to Uyg. VIII ff. Man. TT III 27 (bat~l-):Bud. those who had forgotten their true origin' do. 7'1' VIII A.6 (toprakllg); U II 39, 89, etc. 123-4; a.0.0.: Bud. ertfgti terig tdz y~lhz (topra:k): Civ. TT Is-6 (topra:k): Xak. xr nomln 'the very profound doctrine of the to:z ('with back vowel') al-grrbdr 'dust' Kaj. root' (Sanskrit indrip) TT VI 148; (faith is I11 123; three 0.0. translated qartol or ltabd', called) kertulerke kertiilernig qln kertii hoth 'dust'; XIII(?)TCJ. to:zlg araslnda 'in tBzige kirmeknig tiizl 'the basis of entry into the dust' 302: xrv Muh. 01-guhnr to:z Mpl. the (company of) believers and the true basin 75. I ; RiJ. 178: Gag. xv fi. toz gard wa dubnr of the believers' TT V 22, 23-4: 0.0. TT VIII Snn. 175~.7: Xwar. XIII ditto 'Ali 55: xrv D 27, etc. (ugug); U III 41, 7 (i) (1 kg), etc.: ditto Qutb 183: Kom. x~vditto CCZ, CCG; Civ. in TT VII 30, I z t6z is used exceptionally Gr.: KIP. xrrr a/-gubdr do:~Iiou. 5, 12: xrv instead of kut for 'element' (of the five ele: foz nl-gubdr Id. 63; a/-qotnrn rua'l-tabu wa'l- ments); (in H I 104 tazin is an error for -&tbdr 'dust cloud, mist, dust' doz Bul. 3, 5: (evgek) tusin 'donkey's hair'): Xak. xr one xv al-gubnr foz Kav. 58, r I; Trrh. 2613. 2. says &:I to:z neteg kayfa'l-wildya wa'l-ro'iyo 'how are the realm and the subject people?' 2 to:z 'birch-hark'. S.i.a.m.l.g. as tozltos; in (this must belong here, it cannot belong to 2 SW only Az.; I.-w. in I'e. and other languages, to:z which precedes it): t8:z 01-a:l 'ori~in'; see DoerJer II 960. Uyg. vrr~ff. Bud. (if one one says antg tii:bi: to:zi: klm man arluhu ma writes the dlra'mpi) tozda 'on birch-bark' (a ila matt jlnntamd 'who are his ancestors and leaf, paper. etc.) U I1 70, 4 (ii): Xak. XI to whom does hc trace his origin?' Kap III to:^ al-mlizoirr'llnfi yrilbns 'al~i'l-qisrj' 'a strip 123: KB aydl Aytoldl k11k1 t5zl 'Aytoldi which is wrapped round a how' Kay. 111 123: told of his character ~ndorigin' 568; 0.0. 855; Gag. xv ff. toz (rnis-spelt ttrz) (7) 'the bark 1704 (koqut); (in gjg tbzi is 3n error for of the mountain almond tree' (ptisf-i dirasf-i (barpn) yiizi 'the front surface of brocade'): hdddnz-i hiilii) which is wrappcd round hows XII(?)KBVP tub tiizi I I : Gag. xv ff. t6:z to strengthen them, also called ~OS,Arabicized ('with -6-') hrm-i gtij 'the lohe of the ear' San. as tiic Son. 175". 15; ~OSa corruption of toz 175~.7 (quotn. with the phr. kulak tazi). which is wrapped round bows and the like do. r76r. 18: KIP. xrv toz 'the hark (qijr) of a tree tiiz (d-) 'level, Rat, even', with some extended with which bows are covered' (yt&d) Id. 38: meanings like 'equal'. S.i.a.m.1.g.; usually Osm. xrv-xv11 toz 'a material used to wrap as tiizltiis; SW Az., Osm., Tkrn. diiz; the hows', including mctaph. the beloved's eye- 'nm. forms sugaest that Kaj.'~alternative brows; in several texts TTS 1698; I11 685; spellinp tu:z is proh. an error, due to the 12' 12' 758. voiced final. 'I'iirkii vrrr (the rulers and tu:~(?d-) 'salt', sometimes used metaph. ministers were wise and tough) begleri: S.i.a.m.l.~.;NE 'I'uv. dus; SW Az. dua; yeme: bocjunl: yeme: tuz ermig 'hoth their 'I'k~n. du:z but Osm. tua. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. beps and thrir people were orderly' I E 3: (in a prescription) kara tuz 'hlack salt'(!; Uye. vrIl ff. (Man. the reading tiiz kerlngsiz this might hc toz 'I~irch-bark', the other in- in TT IlI 66, etc and some Bud. texts is an vrror for tiizgerin~sizq.v.): Bud. tiiz some- gredients are organic) H 14;a.o. I1 32, 39: Xak. XI tu:z ('with back vowelp') al-milh times translates directly, or ria a Chinese 'salt' Kay. I11 123; six 0.0. translated 01-milit; translation, Sanskrit samatd 'impartiality', e.g. and1:n tama:r tuke:l tu:z 'all kinds of salti- (a well-disposed merciful mind, a cheerful ness (01-mnl$m; i.e. charm) ooze from him' I mind) tiiz kogBI 'an impartial mind' (attains 60, 6; avlalur kziim ant9 tu:zl:ga: 'my soul knowledge of all the Buddhas) TT VI 77; is hunted by his saltiness (charin)' I 296, 4: when used to translate a Chinese calendar KB bu gB'lr siizl siizke kattl tuzl 'this character tiiz represents p'ing 'level, even, prlet's remark added its salt to the remark' equal' (Giles 9,310) do. 258 (and note); 0.0. TT V 26, 86 (tap1a:g); Sua. 134, 12 (arka:), 71 I ; a.o. 1328 (etmek); 4222: XIII(?)At. ta- turmaz eseninde tuz d6st11ja 'he does not etc.: Civ. (various ingredients) tiiz iilIig during his lifetime give his friend salt to taste' 'in equal parts' H I 4, 50, 166; 0.0. do. 147 263: xrv Muh. 01-milh fu:z Mcl. 75, 8; Rif. (otura:); TT VII 42, I etc. (uldag): Xak. 178: Fag. xv ff. tuz ('with -u-') (I) nanrak XI tiiz 'anything level' (or 'equal'; rnrrslomi(n)); 'salt' Sun. 175~.9 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv ditto hence one says tiiz yd:r 'level ground' Kaf. I Qirtb 188: Kom. xlv ditto CCI; Gr.: Kip. 325; one says tW.z yd:r mamdi' musfaroiyn 'a xrrr a/-milit tu:z Hou. 17, 17; xrv ditto Id. 53 ; level place' III 123; b8:q erge:k tii:z erme:s a/-milh (t)duz (sic) Brrl. 8, 17: xv nii/?l tuZ 'the five fingers are not equal' I 128, 8; (all Tuh. 35a. 5. men) tli:z erme:s 'are not equal' (faysa . . . hi-mwd') I 376, 21; a.0. I 433, 7; and see tb:z 'root, basis, origin', and the like. Survives erentUz: KB kllrnql silig erdi kllkr tUz-e only(?) in most NE dialects as t6s R 111 1264; 'his conduct was pure and his character cf. t(i:b. 1 kak, ylltlz. A I.-w. in Pe., Doerfer equable' 42 (cf. t8:z); (a three-legced stool I1 961. Tiirkti vlrr ff. Man. (the five gods are does not lean over) tiregti turur ~UZ'the . . .). t6zi yrllrzl 'the origin and root' (of every- three (legs) stand level' 802; yatgu tUe 'he \\.111 he lying flat' 1427; (~fa tnan gets drunk, -ri~tih(sic)h~ziirlarrrunintr:ntrrd~dnn 'toarrange he hccomes mad) hu tklve i$i kiir kaqan hearls on a L;trlnc arid put tticin in order'; and tuz bolur 'hon- can the arts i>f this mad- 111 this Inst nlranlnc tiz- is also tzscd do. 173'. man hecome reasonable(?)' zoon: x~rr(?)TP~. 27:.. KIP.. sv ~in;nrrrn tlz- 7'1th. 37a. I. tiiz 'smorrth round); straight (road); ;lpriUht (figure),' 317: Xwar. srlr diip diiz 'ql~itr. toz- appnrrntly a V. homopl~i~iirrus\v. 1 t0:Z ler-cl' Ali 5;: XIV tilz 'Icvel' L>rith 108; t~icaniri~'to I,cc,r~t~rrhl:.r, t41 volatilicr', arid the 'approprintc' MN z+q; 'equal' (shares) Nnlrc. like. In thr carry pcrio~l very rare[arid lrsed 256, 8: Kom. srv tuz 'level; rclual; upright; only of odirurs. Sur\,~\,c.;in thcsc and similar n steppe' CCI. CCG; Gr. 261 (q.~,.):Klp. xv rnennings. an11 sorne sr, difTcrrr~tthat thry niay ~rrtis!rr!rih 'keeping company with one atioiher' have n difrrrrnt origin (perhaps a Calls. f. in SP; I

'he livd in thr dirertioli of the Karluk and and smir N\V Int~rr~~a~cs:- -- - , a I:w.~ ill Ili111- enterecl (t!ieir country?)' $11. S lo; 0.0. N I I prim 3s-fir- fr. an early 1,/1< dinlect. K~I~. (bar-); Sn.: vrrr tf. Ihd. tezdi PP58, I;tezip sr er tttmlugka: t6:ztli: 'the nion suffered bardl [lo. 59, 7; te:ze:r e:rse:r TT IfIII acutely (snrisn) from thc cold' Knj. 111 182 C.15 (Sanskrit lost); a.o. U III 8, 3: Civ. (to:ze:r, t6:zme:k): srrr snhorn 'to endure' tutu? keri~tetezgil 'fly froni disagreements cliiz- Iforr. 34, 20; XI\, toz- fnhnrcz fd. 38; arld quarrels' TT 148; a.o. do. 141: Xak. XI di5:z- (dcscribcd ns 'with hack vowels') keyik tezdi: 'the deer (etc.) ran away' (farra) pnbnrn do. 48: rv ~oharn7on !nhn!a 'to endure, KO?. 11 8 (teze:r, tezme:k): xrr~(?)At. tlli to hc firm' tiiz- Trrh. 22h. to; !iiqn wn tnhnrn yalran crke ylrak ttft teze 'keep away from 'to be nhle to support, tn he firm' toz- do. a liar, fly from him' 153: KIP. SIV dez-(t-) tqa. I ; irtornorrn ('to he firm') run lnbntn (sir; described as 'with back vowel') 'to stray' tiiz- do. 511. CJ: YV fF. toz- (-mecli~,etc.) ('(ire) that is, of sheep, etc., to leavc the flock fnhr rt- 7'r fApnt .eiiliir- C'PI. 208 (quotns.); fd. 48. tiiz- (spelt '~vith-u-') (I) tnlinrrrirrrrl kordnrt 'to endurc', alqo tiizlen- Snrr. r73r 22 (qui~tns.): tiz- (d-) 'to orrange (things) in a row; to string Xwnr. srv tiiz- 'to sufTvr, rndure' Qlitb 185; (beads)', arid the like. Se~nanticallyclose to Nohc. Sh, 7: Kom. srv ditto CCI, CCG'; Gr q.v., tuz-, and confused with it in Satl. and 2 52 (quotns.). some modcrn lananages. S.i.a.m.1.g.; diz- in NE 1'1zv.; N\V Kk. and SW Osrn.; but in tuz- (d-) a IT.hi~mophonous IV. tuz; 'to IcvcI, SiV Az. and Tkm. diiz- is used in this sense. straighten, put in order*,arid the like. Survives Uyg. vllr ff. Bud. (her wonderful white teeth) in SE Tiirki tuz-; SC Uzh. tuz-; NW Krlm yuriig yingii tizmi? teg 'like strung white tiiz-/duz-; SW .42.,Osm., Tkm. diiz-; other pearls' U IV 30, 51-2: a.o. U 11 47, 75-6 languages use Den. V.s fr. tiiz like tuze- in (tuvriik): Xak. XI ol yinqii: tizdi: napama'f- this sense. See tiz-. U~~.VIIIff. I3ud. i~lerln -1ii'lti' 'he arranged the pearls (on a string):; tiizgeli 'in order to put their affairs in order' similarly for nnznmo'l-knlam 'he put hls fiiien-ts. I gr : Xak. XI beg 6:ltn tiizdl: mwwa'l- remarks in (a logical) order' one says sikz tizdi: -0rni1-11'1-:cileya 'the hq put his province in KO$. II 9 (tize:r, tizme:k); a.o. II 31, 19- order'; and one says 01 yC:rig tuzdi: 'he 21: KR yingu tizip 4427: XI{(?) KB1'P levelled (strrrr~vi) rhe ground' (etc.) Knf. I1 9 .kamup; barqaslr~a boguler sozi tizip (tuze:r, tuzme:k): Kn ('Atirl wa5 the first, yln~iileyiikamug tub tozi 'putting in a believing in C+ndand) ko~iilti1 tiize 'ordering lo~icalorc!cr the words of the sapes for all his mind and tongue' 51 ; (one takes the sword people and stringing together like pearls their and) bodunug tiizer 'organi;.es the people' hnsis and origin' I i : Gag. xv ff tlz- diz- Vel. 268; 0.0. 75 (tinile:-) 93, 146,877, 2272, 5151, 188; tiz- tntihrn ha-rijtih (hIS. in crror bar etc.: x~v;liluh, nnzonrn (cf. tiz-) tiiz- ilfcl. 3:, rinn 'on the hreast') kolin'orr 'to nrrange beads 13: RiJ. I 16 (tnis-

173r. 22(quotns.): Xwar. xrv tiiz- (and mefri Dis. DZG gratia tiizii-) 'to arrange, set in order' QutB tuzak (?d-) 'rrap, snare', and the like. 191; 'to tune' (a lute) MN 22: KIP XIV duz- ('with front vowel') na?omn'l-yay' id. 48: (xv S.i.a.m.l.g.;NE?'uv. duzak;NWKk. duzak; SW Az. duzag; 'I'km. duzak but Osm. in Trrh. gh. 10 rauwd is written in a second tuzak; 1.-w. in I'e., Doer@ I1 962. TiirkU hand under tSz-): - Osm. xrv ff. diiz- 'to arrange, put in ordcr, corrcct', ctc.; c.i.a.p. VIII ff. IrhB 61 (ilin-): Xak. XI tuzak al- TTS Izq9; 11 352; 111 232; IV 268. -fact wa'l-hib~iiatrr'llati yu~ddbihi 'a trap or noose msed in hunting' (verse): tuzak a word (kalima) used by a man to his beloved when Dls. DZA he is complementing her (irtamlahahd); it is D tiizii: 'all'; pmb. like alku: a Ilev. N./A:, emphasized by attaching -l:, tuzakl: Kay. I hut the semantic connection with tiiz- 1s 380; 0.0. I 204 (illn-); 425, 19; I 380, etc. tenuous. Pec. to Uyk. and KB. Uyg. VIII ff. (ogn:); 111 304 (yapsa:-,spelt 1u:za:k); 358, Man.-A M I28, 12 (arka:); do. 16 (udrul-): 25 (tu:zak): KB tuzakka illnme 'do not get Man. klltlg~zedgii tuziike 'you have done caught in the trap' 4824; a.0. 3637 (2 a:g): good to all' TTIII 103 ; 0.0. do. 67-8 (ozgur-), XIII(?)At. 456 (elik): x~vMuh. a[-facc tw- I 54,1747: Bud. savlarlg barqa olarka tiizii za:k Me!. 61, 5 ; Rif. 160 (al-ialaq 'wooden tiiketi sozledi 'he communicated the state- lock' tu:za:k Rif. 179 is an error for yu:za:k ment in full (Hend.) to all of them' U II 21, Mel. 76, 8, a medieval word also occurring in 19-20; 0.0. of tiizii tuketi TTX 59-60; PP CCI): Gag. xv tf. tuzagltuzak ddm 'trap' 35, 2-3; 0.0. TT V, p. 14, note A.23, 10; Sun. 175v. 19 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv tuzak Ttb 46a. 3 ff. (artuk) Iliien-ts. 162 (tul-) Xak. 'trap' Qirtb 188: Kom. XIV ditto CCG; Gr.; XI KBtiizii barqa muglug saga 'all (Hend., a.0. under ilin- Gr. 106: KIP. xrrr al-farc creatures) are in need of l'hec' 24; t6riitti tu:zak Hou. lo, 17: xrv tuzak a/-jarak 'snare' tilek teg tiizil 'ilami8 'ITe crested the whole fd. 63; nu!. 12, 6: xv ditto- Tub. sob. 12; facc world as fle wished' 125; 0.0. 9 (erkliglik), tuzak do. 28a. I : Osm. xrv in a verse quoted 31, 827, 2685 (ortgiisiiz), 3815. in TTS II 910 tuzak 'snare' rhymes with pzak for Pe. dcznx 'hell' (as there is no Dis. DZA- rurkish etymology for tuzak the possibility V. of some such foreign origin might be explored, D tuza:- (?d-) Den. V. fr. tu:z; 'to salt but obviously 'trap' cannot be derived directly (something)'. Survives in some NE dialects; fr. 'hell'). Tuv. duza-. Cf. tuzla:-. Xak. XI 01 et tuza:dl: 'he salted (mallaha) the meat'; used ?D tuzgu: 'a gift of food given to a traveller'. in place of tuzla:- Ka$. 111 263 (no Aor. or not quite syn. w. ertiit or armaga:n. In Infin.). 'rurkish n.o.a.b., but a 1.-w. in Pe., Mong., Dis. DZC and other languages, see Doerfer I1 goo; its form in these languages makes -u- in the D tuzql: (?

D~S.V. DZC- shcrp) tizgin (hlS. u~~r~r~c:nlizc~lwith qZf 1) tazglr- Ilap. Icg.; Inchr>:~tiveI)cl>. 1'. firr rrtin) turup ~rltrl$li:r 'grr hour~dingoff fr. ta:z. Xak. xr er bagl: tazg~rd~:(MS. (!ntnvcd!nh) in a line' 1 214, 19: xrv 1Zltrlt. 'a tazgnrdi): 'the man's head was almost bald' string (nazm) of pearls, etc.' t1:zi:g Mef.84, g; (kadn nn yafaqarro) k;~j.11 178 (tazg~ra:r, Hif. 190 (mis-spclt ti:ri:~): KIP. xv(?) in the taz@,lrma:k). margin of 7irlr. 341'. h rnnnfrirn 'strung' tizlg, tizilmiq. I) tozg~r-Hap. ICE.; Inchoative Tlen. V. fr. 1 to:z. Xak. ur ykr tozgrrd~:'the ground 11 tezgi: IIap. lep.; although this is indexed wns allilost dust?' (kdo . . . nn ynAtthh minhri'l- under fo'li it seems to t)e merely tezlg with -hnhfi'tr'l-mnn!rir) KO$. 11 178 (tozg~ra:r, 3rd I'ers. Sing. Poss. SuK. al)brcviated. Xak. tozg1rma:k). ;I one says of a panic (01-hnzdhiz) which breaks out in a tribe when the enemy apprnach 'Tris. DZG and they fly (nofirti) from them tezgi: boldl: L) tuzakq~: N.Ag. fr. tuzak; 'a trapper'. Kag. 1429. N.0.a.b. Uye. VIII ff. Bud. (fowlers, deer- hunters, fishermen, hunters, netters) tuzakq~ 11 tezge:k Ilap. leg.; Uev. NJA. (conrloting 'trappers' PP I, 8; a.o. in a similar list TT repeated action) fr. tez-. Xak. xr tezge:k er IV8, 56: Xak. xr KB tuzakql is a fairlycom- 'a man who shies away (01-ttnflir) from a task mon simile for 'this world' 35647, 482) etc.' Knq. 11 289. 1) tuzkrya:(? d- -kriia:) Hap. leg.; Dim. f. of D tizgin (d-) Pass. Ilev. N. fr. tlz-; lit. tu:z; lit. 'little piece of salt', but used as a term 'arraneed in a row', in practice 'reins'. To of endearment. Xak. xr meplig kara: tuz- some extent displaced by I.-w.s, hut s.i.s.m.1. kxya: 'my black.-nioled charnier'(ma1ihn) Knf. in all groups; dlzgin in NW Kk.; SW Osm. 111 359, 8; n.m.e. Cf. ti:n, yii$ii:n. Xnk. XI Kny. I339 (ti:n); (the waters of the trihutary pour out and pnsn Tris. V. DZG- through the mountains) artuqlan: tegre: I) tuzgulan- Hap. leg.; Refl. Den. V. 'fr. ilniip tizgin yete:r l~occnloyhiqad nabnta'l- ruzgu:. Xak. sr 01 maga: tuzguland~: he '-nr'nr $offn(n) ka'crrrnnhtr miqcund faras 'the gave me a present o' food (etc.)' Kay. III 201 junipers grow round them in rows as if they (tuzgulanu:r, tuzgu1anma:k). were R horse's halter' (Kay. may be right in seeing a pun between thls word and the Inst. Dis. DZG of tizig; but the words seern actually to mean 'their (the waters') poplars grow round and tezek 'dung'; more specifically 'animal dung'. lead them (as if with) a halter') I 424, 18; S.i.n.m.l.g. unchanged; I.-w. in Pe. and other n.m.e. but see $etke:n: srtr(?) Tef. tlzgin languages. see Doerfer I1 902. TIirkii VIII ff. 'reins' lor: xrv Illtrh. 01-'intin 'reins' t1:zgin IrkB 23 (bul-): Xak, XI tezek raz~~~rr'l-farasMPI. 72, 1; t&gi:n Rif. 174: Gag. xvff. 'horse dung' Kap I 386 (prov.): Fag. xv ff. tizgln cilnzu-i asb 'a horse's reins', in Ar. tCzek (spelt) snrgin-i rlneaZbb 'animal dung' 'ink and zinrdm; in Rlitni cllzgin San. rg4r. Snn. rgqr. 21 (quotn.): KIP. XIII ziblu'l-faras :s; a;o. 9zv. 3 (yUgU:n): Xwar. xrv tizgtn 'horse dung' tezek Iiotr. 13, I : xrv tezek 'dry relns Qtrtb 175 (trzfin, error), 180: Kom. dung' Id. 38; dezek ditto 48: xv cilla 'dung' XIV 'reins' tlzgin CCI; Gr.: Klp. xrt1 al-'indn tezek Tub. I ~b.2; zihl tezek do. 18a. I 1. tlzgin (misvocalited -gm) Ifotr. 14. 4: xrv tlzgin 01-soyrti'llodi fi fa'si'l-licdm min cdni- D tezlg Dev. N./A. fr. tcz-. 0. Klr. 1s ff. boyhi 'the straps which are in the projections tez1:g k6yikde: alp men 'I am tough among on either side of the bit'; one says at tlzginin the flying deer' iWl. 44, 2 (text as in Shcher- tuf nmsihi'l-licam 'take finn hold of the hit' XI bak's revised edition): Xak. tezig 01-nifzr Id. 38: Osm. XVIII dizgin in Rtimi 'indn-i arb bavnn'l-qarcm 'panic in the tribe'; and one says Son. 226r. 27: 8.0. 194r. 24 (Cak.). teklg kiqi: 'a man who shies away (01-nu@) from something1 Kay. 1386: KB keyik sSnl S tezglnq See tegzlnq. dawlat klqike tezlg 'luck shies away from men like a wild creature' 712; tapugka tezig 'shying away from senrice' 3628; a.0. 4760. Dls. V. DZG- D tezgin- See tegzin-. U tizig (d-) Dev. N. fr. tiz-; 'a row, line, string (of pearls)', and the like. S.i.s.m.l.; NE L) ttizger- (d-) Trans. Den. V. fr. tilz: 'Tuv. dizig; SW Osni. dizi. Uyg. VIII ff. n.0.a.b. See tilzgerinqslz. So spelt in Kay. Uud, nom ertinillg kezigde tizigde 'in the in the I'erf., but the Aor. and prob. the Infin. series(Hend.) of jelvelsof the law' TT V 24,57; have -giir-, which is the Turku form. It kazlar tlzigi teg 'like a string of geese' X is unlikely that this is tiizgiir- Caus. f. of 160; yin~litiztgi teg 'like a string of pearls' tiiz-, which is itself 'I'rans., and the -ii- is do. 450; 0.0. u 129, 9; Sllv. 642, 3-4 (yivlg): prob. due to labial attraction. TiirkU vrrr ff, Xak. XI tizig 'any row (safi) of things'; one Man. ozierln saklanu arm tiizgiiril (spelt says tizlg threk (MS. tdzek) 'a row of poplars' izgiirii) tutzunl[ar] 'let them keep themselves, (al-hatvr) and bl:r tlzig yincli: 'one string protecting themselves and guiding them~elves (rtusm) of pearls' Kay. I 387: (the mountain strictly' M 111 38, 5-6 (i): Xak. XI men anl: DIS. 8V. DZL- tiirgerdlm ~ltrln~~t~rh~r'I guided him' Kay. ZZ Tkm. rlu:zIl. Xak. XI Kaj. I 2q (usrt-): 179 (VU tiizgerilrmen, tiizgerme:k). I xiv Muh. a/-tndhh 'salty' tu:zlu: Me[. 56, 5; 66, 4; tu:zluR Rif. 154, 165; (baytu'l-milh 'a Trls. DZG salt store' p:Zlug 69, 5; tu:zluk 170): (hg. xv tuzlug/tuzluk namakin wa mdlih 'salty' D tiizugil n.0.a.b.; presumably ttizii: with ff. Son. 175~25 (quotn.): Xwar. XIV tuzlua the Den. ~uffix-Qii: (usually abstract). Uyp. 'salty' Qurb 189: KIP. xrv tuzlu: a/-mFlil, VIII ff. Man. kut koluntllar tlfziigll 'they all asked for divine favour' Tl' ZZZ 141 ; a.0. do. Id. 63. 98 (amra:-). D tiiziiig P.N./A. fr. tkz; 'having a root, or D tizigllg (d-) P.N./A. fr. tizig; 'arranged in origin; originating in', and the like. N.0.a.b. Tiirkil VIII ff. Toy. 5-6, etc. (01; Intkz): lines, in military formation'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. TT11 17, 80-2 (utsuk-); Vll1 ff. Bud. SUV.627, 14-15 (yiviglig). Bud. y6l tijziiig iglerig 'illness originating in D tiizgerlnqsiz formerly misread as two sepa- wind (or demoniac possession?)' U 11 68, 14 rate words tiiz kerin~riz,and discussed at length (ii) a.o.o. ; 0.0. TT V 20, 9 (tiiblUg); 24, 65- in TTZX, p. 20, notes 7--8; X, p. 15, note 96; 68; VIZZ E. 4 (spelt 26s16g); Smt. 588, 1~20 clearly a Priv. N./A. fr. a Dev. N. fr. the Refl. (tor+): Civ. ~t toprak tbziiig y11 'the Dog, f. of a Den. V. in -ger-; the suggestion there Earth-element year' TT VZZ 17, 3; a.0. do. is that it is a Den. V,, more or less syn. w. 17, 17 (see t8:z); sa:rlg tazliig 8u:vsa:hk tiibger-, fr. t8:z. l'his is semantically un- 'thirst originating from bile' TT VZZZ I. I I ; convincing; there is no other trace of such 0.0. do. 12; H 139. a V., while tiizger-, q.v., is well established. Etymologically the word should mean 'without being guided', but in practice it corresponds D tizil- (d-) Pass. f. of tiz-; 'to be arranged to Sanskrit anuttara 'unsurpassable'; the con- in a row; (of pearls, etc.) to be strung'. notation is perhaps 'requiring no guidance'. S.i.m.m.l.; dizil- in NE Tuv.: SW Osm. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. (you came down to earth Xak. XI yinqti: tizildi: nurim'[-lu'lu' wa'l- after the four(?) prophets) tiizgerinqsiz -$r the 'pearl was strung, and the poem was burxan kutln bultu~uz'you have acquired strung together' (sic, cf. tizig-); also used of the unsurpassable majestic position(?) of pro- things which get in line of their own accord phet' TT 111 66; 0.0. do. 153, 178; ZX 8 (intatama hi-nafrihi); Intrans. and Pass. (habitually spelt tiizkerin~sizin Man. Syriac (yata addC ma ld yata'adda) Kay. ZZ 127 script): Bud. the word normally occurs in (tiziliir, tizi1me:k) ; tiimen ~eqek,tizlldi: the phr. tiizgerinqsiz (ybg or ybg iistiinki countless flowers have come u In rows' sometimes added here) burxan kutl trans- (intaiamat) 1233, 26; bu neg 01 gi:r bi:rke: lating Sanskrit anuttarasaniyakcambodhi 'un- t1zilge:n (MS. teri1ge:n) 'these things are surpassable perfect awareness' (or 'knowledge') always arranged in a row (yantazim) one after TTZV 12, 57; V 20, 10; VZ223, 305; X 96; the other' 1.523; 0.0. 1331, 1; 111 131, 21: tiizgerincsiz tuymak 'unsurpassable aware- KB 74 (titir): Gag. xv ff. tizil- ba-riylih ness' VZ 137; tiizgerinqsiz burxan yo11 'the kasida sudan 'to be arranged on a strine'" Son. unsurpassable way of the Buddha' VZ 118. I&. i7(quotns.); and see tiizUl-. Trls. V. DZG- D tiiziil- (d-) Pass. f. of tiiz-; sunrives in SC Uzb. tuzul- (sic), but most modern languages D tezek1e:- Den. V, fr. tezek; s.i.s.m.l. for use instead tiizel- Pass. f. of tUze- (not an 'to manure (the ground)'. Xak. XI at early word) Den. V. fr. tiiz. TUrkU vrrr tezek1e:di: 'the horse (etc.) defecated' (rdja) (settling in the Otiiken mountain forests) Kaf. IZZ 340 (tezekler, tezek1e:me:k). tavgac bodun birle: tiiztiltlm 'I lived on equal terms (or the like?) with the Chinese Dis. DZL people' I S 4-5, 11 N 3: Uyg. vrrt ff. Bud. D tlzlig (d-) P.N./A. fr. ti:^; 'having knees'. tiiziilmigke tegiirdeci kiini yorlg 01 'it is N.0.a.b. Tlirkii vrrr I E 2, 11 E 3, etc. (1 upright behaviour which brings (a man) to bagllg). equability' U I 35, 2-3 (Suv. 524. 3-4); 0.0. Suv. 137. 12; lfuen-IS. 2053: Civ. tijrt yl~ek D 1 to:zlug P.N./A. fr. 1 to:z; 'dusty'. tiiziilti 'the four quarters were set in order' S.i.s.m.1.; SW Osm, tozlu. Uyg VIII ff. Civ. TT1 121 ; a.0. do. 137: Xak. XI y&r tiiziildl: tozlug tupra:klag (sic) [gap] 'dusty, earthy' 'the ground was levelled' (swiyat); and one TT VIZZ 1.18. says 1:g tiiziild~:'the affair was in good order' D 2 to:zlug Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. 2 to:z; (istaglimn) Kay. I1 127 (tiiziiliir, tiizii1me:k); 'firmly wrapped in birch-bark', i.e. sound and 3.0. I1 71, 13 (tutug-): KB aJun enqke tegdl serviceable. Xak. XI oprak yaslkdln to:zlug tliziildi tarii 'the world attained peace, the ya: q1ka:r 'a well-wrapped how (al-qawsu'l- customary law was properly organized' 103; -inacl~iza)comes out of a shabby quiver' Kay. 0.0. 60 (tadu:); 5951 (bulgailuk): gag. ZZZ 16, 25; n.m.e. xv ff. ttlzill- (spelt) (I) muntazam pda 'to be arranged in rows' (?Sec. f. of tizil-); (2) kiik D tu:zlug (?d-) P.EU'./A. fr. tu:z; 'salty'. iudan slia 'of a musical instrument, to be S.i.m.m.l.; SW Az. duzlu; Osm. tuzlu; tuned' Son. 174v ro (quotns.); (tiizel- similar n~eanin~sI~+v. 2 (quotns.)): Xwar. slv tiiziil- Dls. DZM 'to he arranged, set 111 order' Qtr~b192: (Kip. I) tizim (d-) N.S.A. fr. tiz-; 'rrnr., lirle, string x~vtiizel- (sic) istorin' 'to be equal, level, in (nf pearls, etc.)', and the Ilk?. S.i.s.ln.l.,usually good order' Id. 39: sv in/n;omn tuzen-, in for 'a liqt (of thinps)'; NIV Icv. N. fr. tiz-; s.i.s.~n.l.,hut I) tiz1e:- (ti-) Ilap. Irp. ?; Den. V. fr. ti:z. Not not in this prccise sense. Xak. sr tizme: 'the to be confused with t6zle:-, a R~imiword waistband of trousers' (nnyJoqolrr'l-sordcuil); meaning 'to hurry' in Son. 194r. 18 which is a anti anything like it, for exanlple the top (fa's) Den. V. fr. Pe., tCz. Xak. xr bugra: erig of a leather bag, which is made like a waistband tizte:dl: 'the camel stallion knelt (baroka) on and has a string inserted in it and drawn tight the lnan while rutting (Ji gnlnmntihi) and crushed him (da2otohu) with its knees'; also KO?. 1433. used of anyone who kneels (cold) on something Dis. DZN and crushes it k'nf. 111 293 (tizle:r, tiz1e:- 11 tiizii:n (d-) Intrans. ]lev. N./A. fr. ttiz-; me:k). 'self-controlled, well-hehaved, gentle', and the I) tuz1a:- (?d-) 1)en. V. fr. tu:z; 'to salt like; not to be confused with tiiztini: Acc. of somet thin^)'; s.i.a.m.l.g. w. some phonetic tuzii:; n.o.a.b. Tiirku vlrr ff. Man. 01 tlizlin changes; S\V Az. duzla-; 'l'km. du:zla-, but er 'that well-l3ehaved man' IM 1 5, 12: Uyg. Osni. tuzln-. Xak. sr 01 et tuz1a:dl: trnns- vlrr ff. (R1nn.-A tuziin bar91 'nll' is a scribal lated 'he salted (t~rollol~o)the cooking pot, the error for tiizil: il.1 128, 25): hlnn. biligligim meat, etc.'. Kng. 111 293 (tuzla:r, tuz1a:mn:k); tiiziiniim ynrukum 'tny wise, well-behaved. a.0. 111 263 (tuza:-): Klp. xrv tuzla- ,nailaha bright one' M II 8, I I: Bud. tiiziln is corn- fd. 63; rnnllo?~otuzlat- but other conjugn- mon both by itself nnd in phr. like edgU tional forms duzla- and duzlat- Bttl. 81 v.: xv tiiziln 'good and well-bchaved' U I11 34, 3 nmlloIra fuzul- corrected in margin to tuzla- (ii), and tiiziin yava$ edgti 'well-behaved, Trrh. 3jh. 6. peaceable and good' T?' IV 10, 15-16 etc.; it is commonest in the ~hr.tiiziinler 0211 D tizlet- (d-) Hap. leg,; Caus. f. of tide:-. tiiziiler klzl, L'. G.'s translation in TT VI Xak. xi 01 tizletti: ne:gnl: 'he ordered that 146 and elsewhere suggests that the conno- the thing should he crushed by kneeling on tation here in '\veil-horn' rather than 'well- it' (hi-dagti'l-joy' bi'l-rtrkba) Koi. II 342 (tiz- behaved', but this is not etymologically letu:r, tfz1etme:k). justifiable; Sanskrit dryomargo 'the noble path' (Bud. technical term) tozijn yo1 (sic, but the D tuzlat- (?d-) Caus. f. of tuz1a:-; s.i.s.m.l. spelling in this text is eccentric, ortiil- is spelt Xnk. xi 01 et tuzlattl: 'he ordered that iirtiil- in the same line) TT VIII A.15: Civ, the Ineat should be salted' (bi-tnmlil~)KUJ. II agnukr tliziinler tortisin 'the customary Ialv 3.12 (tuzlatu:r, tuz1atma:k): (KIP. xrv see of well-conducted people of earlier generations' tuz1a:-). T?' VII 30, 2: Xak. XI tiizii:n al-llalfm D tizlin- (d-) I$.@. leg.; Refl. f. of tlzll-. 'gentle, considerate' Kaf. I 414 (prov.); a.0. Xak. sr yinyii: tlzlindi: 'the pearls (etc.) 1 221, 18 (snme prov.): KW (the I'rophet) were strunp'(inlaea?~ra)h-op. 11 243 (tizlinii:r, tiiziin erdi 'was gentle' (modest, etc.) 43; tiz1inme:k). 0.0. 107, 1659: XIII(?)At, ulug boldukugra tiiziin bolup 'as you come to manhood become D tuzlan- (?d-) Rcfl. f. (often used as Pass.) better behaved then ever' 355: ~IVMtrh.(?) of tuzla:-; s.i.s.n1.l. Xak. XI et tuzlandl: al-!~alim (opposite to 'spiteful' 6qge:l) tii:zii:n 'the meat was salty' (tnmallalro) Kaj. 11 243 Rif. 151 (only); Rbi.ditto R I11 1584(quotns.): (tuzlanu:r, tuz1anma:k): qag.xv ff. tuzlan- Xwar. sr~r(?)ditto 02. 314 (uk-), 324-5. namaknid fudan 'to be salted' Son. 174v. 18. Dis. V. DZN- D tiizliin- (d-) Refi. f. of tiiziil-; n.0.a.b. Xak. xr tifzliindi: y6:r 'the ground (etc.) was D tezin- Hap. leg.; Refl. f. of tez-. Xnk. xr levelled' (sutumiyat), a variant (11tfa) pf tUzii1-; 01 tezind~: 'he pretended to run away' (yahrob) Kag. I1 146 (teziniir, tez1nme:k). similarlv one says 1:~tiizliindi: the affair (etc.) was in good orderlKnp. I1 243 (tiiztlinli:r, D tizin- (d-) Hap. leg. ?; Refl. f. o,f tiz-. Xak. tiiz1iinme:k); 8.0. 1349, 13 (tegi:). XI ura:gut yin~ii:sin tfzindl: the woman strung (tru;n~not) her own pearls' Kng. 11 146 Tris. DZL (tiziniir, tizinme:k). D tizildiiriik (d-) Hap. leg.; Dev. N. (Conc. N.) fr. tlzil-. Xak. xr tizildiiriik fullis Tris. IIZN rrr'tisi'l-strff 'stnall coins (sewn) on the toes of D tiiziinliik (d-) A.N. fr. tUzii:n; 'gentleness' slippers' Kaf. I 529. and the like. N.o n.h. Xak. XI kazgan o11q I I DIS. V. DZg-

tiiziinliik 'my dear toy, acquirc gentleness' Dis. DZS (ol-/zilm) K~J.II 250~4;tiiziinliikin kaylgtlm 1) tiizsiz (d-) Hap. leg.?; Priv. N./iZ.fr. tiiz; ofofiri 'olayhi hi-lrilmi 'I sympathized with 'disorderly, undisciplined'. 'I'iirkii VIII 1E 6, hirn in my ~entleness'II1188, 21;n.m.e.: KH 11 E 6 (iiqiin). tiiziinliik is included withamulluk, oriigliik, ctc. in a list of desira1)le qualities in 326; tUziinlUk bile sen keqUr ay kiisiig 'pardon Dis. V. DZQ- rrie in your 0 my heart's desire' D tezig- Ilap. leg.; Rccip. t. of tez-. Xak. 1155. xr olu:r ikki: tezigdi: tiley two were 1 Dls. V. DZR- scared of one another' (tantI/arZ) Koy. I1 99 (tezigii:r, tezigme:k). I 1) tazar- (d-) Hap. leg.; Intmris. Den. V. fr. I ta:z. Xak. XI tazardl: ne:g 'the thing D tizig ((1-) Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of tiz-; for hecame bald' (mqorro'a) Kay. I1 77 (tazaru:r, the translation cf. tizil-. Xak. xr 01 menig tazarma:k). birle: yin~ii:tizigdi: 'he competed with me D to:zar- Intrens, Den. V. fr. to:^; 'to be in stringing (fi nazm) pearls' or (in stringing dusty, turn to dust'; s.i.s.m.1.; SW Osm. together) verses; also used for helping Kag. II I tozar-. Xak. xr to:z to:zardl: so!a'a'l-hob5 loo (tlzigii:r, tizigme:k). 'the dust spread in every direction' Kay. III 186 (in a Chap. for V.s with three Consonants; D tiiziig- (d-) IIap. leg.?; Co-op. f. of tiiz-; to:za:r, to:zma:k, error due to haplogrophy for the reasons stated under tiiziil- the scribe I in Aor.). vocalized the Aor. and Infin. tiizey- in the MS. Xak. xr 01 maga: yC:r tiiziigdi: 'he D tUzer- (d-) IIap. leg.; Intrans. Ilen. V. fr. helped me to level (fi tomciyn) the ground' tiiz. Xak. XI y&r tiizerdi: 'the ground was (etc.); also used for competing Kay. I1 99 level' (istomof) k-08. 11 77 (tiizerifr, tlizer- (tUziigU:r, tiiaii$me:k; see above). me:k). INITIAL VELAK PLOSIVE

hlon. GA kn: Prelinlinnry nnte. I'on G'. pcnr ~rodortbt rielit it1 r~~.~:.r,sti~r,qin 'I'T S,p. thnt kn: in the phr. ka: katla~rs n I.-ru. fr. Chinese ka:- IInp. Irr.; the n~ol-pl~olo~icalcr,nrtt.cfinn chia y(rrrtil~"(I'rrlle~blnnk, ~llirl~lleClrirrese kn; with kn:la:- is ohscurr. Yngma: XI 01 c~iqke: Gilcs 1.139). Ka~.'setymology of kadag is ntug ka:tlr: 'hr henpcd (n?~nfln) firr\vr~od therr/ore dcmoirstroblv rvrorrg, and the question round the cook in^ pot'; one also s:~y? 01 to:nug ka:tl~: 'he pncltcd ('nbhd) the g:~rtnent nriser n.1retht.r the word ka: 'cessrl' rcos not infir tlie cuphotrrd'; thc rnore corrcct fortn invented to jrrsfiJ?, this /alse etjmolog~'. ICa$. is (01-ofSn1r) is ka:ln:d~: I<(IS. I11 240 (kn:r, the only crrlt/rorify for the word, and it seenrs ka:mn:k). likely that if it rrcllly existed it, too, roas n Chiriere I.-w., but tlrrrp is no o6viorrs origin *ko:- See kop, ko:d- ;ko:n-. for it. Mon. Gn I: 1 ka: 'f~~mily';see above. Found only in the phr. ka: kadas, which is n.0.a.b. 'I'heevolution ka:b properly 'a lcnther bag, water-skin, sack'; of this phr. into kab kadag, also n.o.a.b., is sntnetimes more taguely 'vessel, cr~ntniner'. odd and perhaps due to the false etymology S.i.a.m.l.g., usually as kap, with srrlnc ex- rncntioncd ahove. It should be noted that both tended nleanin~slike 'the cover, or hindinR elements in the phr. ore declined separately. (of a book)'. I,.-\v. in I'c. ctc., Durrfer I11 Ilya. vIlr ff. Bud. ka kadaq 'faniily and kins- 1364. Cf. 2 Ita: and see 1 ka:. Uya. vrlr ff. men' is conilnon, e.~.kn kadag ogul klz ed Civ. yarrnl knb bor 'half a slalances, scales, feet and evil, both of them' Chtias. 127-8; kop kanka inch measures) g6g kav 'pints and one-tenth bulganmrg 'completely saturated with blood': pints' U I1 77, 25; 86, 43; Suv. 125, 9. M 16, 6: Uyg. vrrr ff. Man.-A kop yerde aqg emgek kortiikin 'having experienced S 4 kn:v Scc kn:b 1<1p.,Osm. grievous sufferings in all places' M 19, 5-6: k~pSce kap. Man. (may he protect us) kop adada tudada 'in all dangers (Hend.)' M 111 36, 4 (iii); k~vpractically syn. w. kut and nearly always koptln sigar 61 uluglar~gkeztigiz 'you used in association with it; originally proh. have traversed realms and countries in every 'divine favour', hence, more vaguely, 'good direction' TTI11 60: Bud. kop kamag edgii fortune'. N.0.a.b. TUrku vlrr K, Man. (the bUtmeki bolur 'it is that all (IIend.) good five gods are) kut: ktv~'divine favour (Hend.)' things are achieved' TTIll, p. 30, note 131, 3; (. . . to all on this earth) Chuas. 45-6: Uyg. kop torlug agtr tsuy 'all kinds of grievous ~IIIff. Man. (may he give) kut klv kiiq basut sins' IV 12, 39; 0.0. do. 14,64; V24, 51-4; divine favour (Hend.), strength, and help' 40, 96; VIII K.9; U 111 29, 2-3 (I$-); Stto. M I11 42, 15 (ii); a.0. M I1 5, 3-5 (ii) (b6gii- 92, 19-20: Civ. kop iglg 'all your affairs' TTI len-): Bud. kutt k1v1 USp. 102, 26; a.o. W 148, 156: Xak. xr kop barf m1bdIa8:a too IV lo, 51 (qo:g): Xak. XI klv al-hast wa'l- ta'kid 'a particle giving emphasis'; hence one -dnwla 'good fortune' Kq.! 332; nnln kut luv says ogul kop bedii:di: 'the boy has grown a tom: (MS. tori:) tugdt: and so the dust of great deal (gdyata(n)) bigger', and kop edgli: good fortune (Hend.) rose' 1301, z; kut lt~vlg ne:g 'an extremely (rzddo(n))good thing' Kay. b6rse: idlm ku:llgn: 'if my 1,ord gives good 1319. ko:v 'hackbiting, persecution', and the like; (rlur,tns.); kop- ('with -p-')bur xtistrrn 'tu rise, first noted as helow, hut see kov1a:- ('l'iirkii). stand up' Son. 281 v. 18 (quotns.): Xwnr. xrv Cf. kov-. KIP. xrv ko:w 01-gil~o'backbiting' kop- 'to stand up' Qutb 137; hfN 246; 'to get Id. 76. up' (at night to pray) Nohc. 318, 7: Korn. xrv >Ton. V. CB- 'to risc' kop- CCI, CCG; Cr. ZOO (quotnn.): Kip. xrfr !iim minn'l-!nrunrCn 'to rise' kop-; 1 kap- 'to grasp, or seize, with the hands, and one says of duqt rising do:z koptt:; and teeth, ctc.'; s.i.a.m.1.g. Tiirkii v~rrff. (a falcon, one says kop- of a limb which lraves its posi- saying 'there IS a hare') te9ri:din kodt: . . . tion nnd is dislocated (infnkko); similnrly kaprni:g 'sn-onped doivn from the sky (and when R 111~1)stnnds up (qCrrrn), and when a man triccl) to catch it' Irk13 44: Uyg. VIII ff. Hud. rises nnd stands erect (!riro rcn nnhn

1 PU kowa: IIap. leg.; al-wrrbrir is not noted D kapcak flap.leg,; N,fr, kap-; per- in ordinary Arabic dicts., hut the meaning is nev, fairly Xak. xl kowa: nose cover h3~- crasis of *kaprvak lit. 'grasping one (?; a nbrrr) which is part of Turkish another', which suits the actual meaning. Xak. xr kapqak 'the place at which the bridle and stands erect over the horse's nose' waters from the branches of a (mim,I- (mu?ria$ibn(n)'ala an/r'[-xay/) Kag. 111 237. ..satu*eid), flow into one (yolandlab) S 2 kowa: Sce kovka:. Kas. 1471. D kabguk Dirn. f. of ka:b; 'a snlall bag VU(D) kovl: n.0.a.b.; cognate to kovuk, kovga: which seems to indicate that the first or sack, pocket', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. as kapq~klkapquk.L.-w. in Pe., etc. Dnerfer III vowel was -0-; morphologically hoth could 420. 7Jyg. vrIr ff. Civ. IT I 99-100 (b&z): be Dev. N.s fr. kov-, but there is no semantic connection. The two meanings given by Kaf. XIV Chin.-Uyi. Dict. 'purse, small bag'kappk Ligeti 161 ; R 11 430: Qag. xvr ff. kabcuk 'a can reasonably be regarded as lit. and metaph. kind of purse (kisa) which is hung from the Tiirkii vr~rff. Irk4 36 (uqru:glu:g): Uyg. neck, and a wallet (szc~rtr~itri)made of leather' vlrr ff. Bud, karnag kutsuz kovr ters billgllg trnllglar 'all unfortunate mortals Sun. z65v. 8. who do not enjoy the favour of heaven and (D) luvqak n.0.a.b.; Den. N./A. fr. krv, but have false (or heretical?) idcas' TT VI 24: a.o. the meaning 'unfortunate' hardly fits. Xak. do. 19: Civ. ikl kngiil kogiit (sic, but ?ditto- xr KB 2639, 5133 (kovr:). graphy) tutup kovr bolsar eltin xantln agig bolur mu? 'if a man has a divided mind(?) Dis. V. GBC- and is unfortunate, should the realm and kavq1:- as such Hap. leg., but Vam. 307 lists wan be angry?' TTS I 178-80 (translation a SC x~xUzh.(?) word kapql- 'to catch conjectural): Xak. xr kovl: y~ga:~al-qrcffa (something falling)', and in xu Uzb. kap~i-'to wnhwn'l-gacnrrr'l-bdi 'a rotten (i.e. hollow?) rush away'. nor. 604, is described as a dialect f. tree'; also pronounced kow~: with -w-: of sapql- do. 355 which int~ralia means 'to Argu: XI kovl: er 'an unlucky (al-mudbir) rush at, attack (someone)'; there cannot be any man' (prov.) Kag. I11 225: KB (if an ambas- connection between this word and sap+ but sador is quick-witted wise and alert, his it seems to be the original form of kapqi-. master benefits and thereby retains his colour, Xak. XI arr: kig1:ke: kavgt:dl: 'the hornet i.e. reputation) yalavac yavuz holsa klvqak attacked (knmola 'old) the man to sting him'; kov~s6zigsiz tiiker anda begler suvt 'if also used of a man when he is angry (iadiba) an ambassador is bad and unlucky(?), un- with someone and gives vent to his anger on doubtedly his masters' honour is impaired' him (inhamaka fihi) KOJ. XI1 276 (kavp:r. (lit. 'water', an abbreviation of yiiz SUVI a kavq1:ma:k). calque of Persian db-i rC rnetaph. 'honour') 2639; bu krvqak kovl duny5 k&$kl ajun D kavg~t-Hap. leg.; Caus. f. of kavql:-. neye beg kar~ttikar~maz ijziin 'this un- Xak. XI 01 anr: kavgittl: 'he made him anery' lucky(?) world is an old world, however much (agdabahu) in order to incite him to do some- it makes begs aged, it does not age itself' 5133 thing which he had determined not to do; (klvqak is noted only in these two passages; and one says og1a:n arr:nl: kavqitt~:'the boy

111s. CBD 1) klvacj- flap. Irg.; Ikn. V. in -ad- (In- S kawu t See ka:gut. trans. ?) fr. klv; no doubt rnorc or less syn. IF. kutad-. IJye, VIII ff. Man.-;\ kutadmak I'[!?F ktftu: 'scissors'; discussed at length in klvndmak bolzun tuzu iidriiltnig arrg 1)oerfcr 1 318; proh. a I.-w., but as Doerfer dintlarlarka 'mav Iicavcnly favour (f-rend.) pnints nut, no plausible Chincse origin has he upon all the chosen pure Elect' IM 1 28. lxen suggcstcd. Survives as k~ptland thc 15-17. likc iii most NE and some NW languages, 1) kavd~ri-IIap. Icg.; Ilrfl. f. of kavrt!-. Yakut klptty, Pck. 1403. hlost other lan- Xak.ur er ocll9n:kavtllndl: (>IS.kavtluncl~:) guagcs fnr 'scissrirs' have (the Along. I.-w. i) 'the man prr~tccted(ntfnqn . . . 'rrlli) his son'. kny~~~.Iloth thesc words are I.-w.s in various and mi~rlc it his I,r~citic=.sto \\-art1 off dnn- foreign Ii~ripttages,see I)ocrfrr. Cf. blggu:~, grrs frr~rn hi111 Iiof. II 241) (k:lvtl~t~u:r, srnrlu:. GiQil XI kiftu: a/-rniqrcid 'scissors' kavd1ntna:k). Kn$. I416 (gli,' unnocalized): XIV hl~rh(?)nl- -rrtiq~~ss'scissors' klftu: Hif. 159 (only): Kom. 1) kapt~tr-Caus. f. r,f leap-; s i.ni n1.l.c. with srv 'scissors' klptl CCl; GI.: Klp. xrlr sonic cstenclcrl nlcnnings. Xak. XI ol arja:c Ifoci. 23, I I (b~$qu:?):sv al-ntiqo!? klptt: (-b-) tava:r kapturcll: lmrrmlnhrc 'olA irtil~iqi(sic, hrau. 64, 9; Trth. 3.p I I. error for ixfil5si)'l-rrritci' 'he urgctl him to eni- bezzlc the property' l<(iz. 11 189 (ltapturur, VU(1)) kovdak llnp. ICE.?; meaning quite kapturma:k): Gag. sv ff. kaptur- Car~s.f. uncertain; morphologically Ikn. N.(?) fr. of kap-; not translated Sair. 263~.2.1 : Xwar. ko:v. Cf. kovdag. Xak. xr Kl?(cither go to srrr kaptlur- 'to order to scizc' 'Ali 28. meals, or do not go; curh y~urappetite, eat sparinfly and kerf7 your hcalth. The man who Tris. V. G~D- overeats becomes sickly) sartk megzi kovdak 1) ?F k1ftu:ln:- Den. V. fr. ktftu:; survives as at1 (or eti) 41 bolur 'his yellow complexion klptlla- and thc liltc in some N13 languaqes. and his ?reputation (or, preferably?, flesh) Xak. sr 01 k1ftu:ln:dl: bii:ziig 'IIC cut hecome notorious' 4672. (qara(la) the linen with scissors' (bi'l-r~iqrC(l) F kafta:n Persian xnft511 'outer garment, Kaj. III 352 (k~ftu:la:r,k1ftu:la:ma:k). rohc' hccame nn early I.-\\.. in Turkish, and later reappeared in Pe. and Ar. in its Turkish spellinp described as a I.-w. fr. Turkish. kabaklkapak Prcliniinnry nrrtc. Alorplto- S.i.s.ni.l. in N\V, STV. Xak. XI kafta:n ol- lo~qicnllykabak Dim. f. oJ ka:b, and kapak -qnhri' 'rohc' h'ny. 1435; three 0.0.: stvhftrh.(?) Deo. N. fr. 2 *kap- arr rltri~cdiflrrr~it words. nl-gnh5' knfta:? Rif. 166 (only): Gag. xv ff. l%~yare sfill di.rtrtiir,qrrlshrd phottrficolly in kaptan c5rrra garment' Vrl, 314 (quotns.); SlII A:. (gabafi/fiapn& rrnd Osm. (knbakl xaftan 'a kind of porrnent (Iiha.~)split up on kapak) but in enrly trsts fhrv arc spclr and, in Imth sides', in Rfiirli called kaba, also used in thc corrupt form kaptan San. 222v. 13; roinc ntodern Inrtgria,qcs, proilo~~rrcrde~actly the kaptan corruption of xaftan, same transla- ro~trc,and it is not nlccays cttsy to clc~rrrtti~tc tion do. ahgr. 24 (rluntns): Xwar. xrv kaftan which word is irrtettcfed. E.xcrptiotrallv, in S1V 'robe' Qriib I 28: KIP. YIV kaptan (-b-) nl- TIziir. 'pt~r~pki?~'it ro~nelirnr,~ka:bnk, brrt -qnhA; derived fr. I'c. xnfforz 'an iron breast- ga:bnk nrrlms 'ej~rlid' and gapak 'cmer, lid'. plate' (dirt niin !todid); the Turks borrowed it for ol-qnhd' and gave it the Turkish pro- D kabak Ilitn. f. r~fka:b; lit. 'a srnall con- nunciation kaptan fd. 67. taincr', in practice 'gourd, pumpkin, marrow', and thc like(but not 'sweet melon'). S.i.a.m.1.g. VC'(I1) kovdng I lap. leg. ?; meaning quite un- esccpt NE(?) rv. some phollctic changes. ccrtni11; morpholorically ?N. of Association L.-TV.in I'e., etc., Ijorrfcr 111 lqrr). Xak. X; fr. ko:v; cf. kovdak. In the Vienna &IS. ayt kebak a/-drrhhd' rc~tlrruo'l-qor' a pumplrin , is glossed !rnrc/ 'fear', ohviousl?; a niuddle with that is a roi~rd~vllich is c;itcn frc.;h (ro!h) hlonq. nxrr- 'to fcnr', and kovdav sar 7m- KO$. 1 382 (bctnccn two tratlclations of -y~ij>i(/o'rvith nn rltrwaslied head', which sug- kapak): Gag. sv ff. knb:ig/kabnk ('with gests that the scribe ans quite at a loss. Xak. -b-') (I) k(~t?ri'(~ourd'; (2) ~iletaph.'a target' XI Kl3 (do not reach out and take a meat ball (nkdna-nrimn) which they fasten on thc top in front of someone else, take whntever is in of a tall pule and shoot at (quotti.); originally front of you and eat it. Do not draw a knife in shooting compctitions they put a pumpkin or carv off a hone) aye bolma kovdag '(lo on the top of a tall pole and so the word came not he excessively quarrelsome' 4599 (see to be uscd for 'target' Sun. 265r. 14: Kom. silkim). xrv 'pumpkin' kabak CCI; Gr.: Ktp. xlIr D~S.V. CBD nl-qar' reo'l-yaq!in ('marrow') kabnk lfou. 8, I I : x~vkabak 'a punipkin at which they shoot ?D kav~d-Hap. leg.; etymologically obscure. arrows' id. 68: xv al-qor' kabak Kov. 63, 13; Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (in a description of a l'rrh. 298. 3. Ostn. stv ff. see kapnk. ci~htmare)iiq kBgiirqgen atap(?) laq~nka knvtgur erken 'while three doves were pro- D kapnk 1)t.v. N. fr, 2 *kep- -lit. 'son~cthina tecting their father(?) from a falcon' S~rr*. which covers nr closes'. usually uscd for 'a lid. 620. 20-1. or other cover', and 'eyelid'. S.i.r~.rn.l.g.w. DIS.

some phonetic chan~es. L.-w. in Pe., etc., su~yeststhat they may have a common foreign Doerfer 111 1367, 1545. Tiirkii v~rrff. Man. orlain. Uyg. vrrr ff. Civ. knv~kkrlrp ala (just as one throws) utsiiz (dama~ed,uncer- klgike siirtser alast khter 'if one makes tain) kapakug 'a . . . lid' (in running water bran and rubs it on a man with a blotchy skin, and cleans it with nnc's hands) 11lII1 14, lo- his blotches disappear' T T VIZ 23, 4-5 : Xak. 11 (iii): Uya. vrrr ff, Rud. kiizi kapakc tiip XI kavlk 'bran' (al-nr~xdu)of millet; Kaj. 1 tuz 'her two eycs'and eyelids were exactly 783; a.o. 1221 (eatiir-); kawik 'millet bran', alike' IJ IV 30, 48; a.o. 1'1' X* 439-7 ihe -w- changed from -v- IIZ 165: KB (tii:): Xnk. XI kapak cajnrl'l-'a.yn eyelrd', kavuk sokti y6m tap 'a diet of millet bran also called k6:z kapakr:: (kebak fnl1ou.s (t-Iend.) satisfies me' 4767; a.0. 4768: Korn. here): kapak 'udmlu'l-'ndru 'a v~rgin's xrv kovax (sic) 'scurf on the head' CCG; GI.: hymen'; one says 01 kr:z kapakr: sl:dl: 'he Ktp. XIV kawuk 01-srrwiq nille let or barley deflowerrrl (iqfodcln) the girl' ICnj. I 382: XIV gtuel' id. 76; 0.0. do. 68 (kapak), 76 (kovuk). hi'trlrh. 01-rnfn kapa:k (-h-) Md. 46, 13; Rif. 140: Gag. xv ff. kabaR/kahak ('with -b-') (D) kavuk morphologically Pass. Dev. N. fr. . . . (3) ptist-i cnjm 'eyelid' Son. zhjr. 14 *kav-; 'the bladder' (of a man or animal). (quotn.): Xwar. xrv kapak 'eyelid' Qrrrh 126: S.i.m.m.l.g. w. considerable phonetic changes; Krp. xlv kabak (sic?; 'target' and) caftru'l- some modern forms are liable to be confused -'oyn (and nl-nrrxBla 'bran'; all three simul- with those of kovuk. The alternative form taneously) Id. 68 (sce kabak, kavlk): rv kaguk in Uya. Civ. may he the original form. cnfn Icapak (?; -h-) Tiilt. Ila. 12: Osm. xrv- Uyg. vrrr ff. Cir. (the 14th letter is called xv kapak 'eyelid' TT.C Z 398; 11 559; I11 iruriu(?));kavuk iize urgu ol 'one must place 392; IV 448 (here spelt krrbak; the word is it over the bladder' TT VII 41, 13; kaguk also noted in all puriods meaning 'drinking srzlagka em 'a cure for an ache in the cup', for which kabak is perhaps right): XVIII bladder' Ii I 165; a.0. do. 37 (tigi:): Xak. xr kapak ('with -p-') in Rtimi, sar prij 'cover, kavuk al-mn_tr?no'the bladder' Kay. I 383; lid' Son. 265r. 17. kawuk ditto alternative form (lutn) of kavuk ZIZ 165: Gag. xv ff. kawuk (spelt) ma!Cnno D kap~gConc. N. in -19 fr. 2 *kap-; 'door, Sun. 279~.8: KIP. xrv kawuk al-matZna fd. gate'. The second vowel mas originally -1- 76: Osrn. xrv ff. kavuk 'bladder'; c.i.a.p. but hecntne -a- i n Man.-A and some Uyk. TTS I 435; I1 602; 111 424; ZV 484: xvrrr (Uyg.-A) texts and later becatne -u- by labial (after Gag.) in Rrimi kawuk has th'e same attraction. Survives in some NW languages meaning and also means a kind of turban Son. and SiV Az., Osm., Tkm.; elsewhere dis- 279V 8. placed by C$ik. L.-w.in PC.,etc. as kapu, etc., Doerf~r111 1368. Tiirku vrrr temir kaprg E kuvak read by Radloff in several documents 'the Iron Gate', a pass between Ralkh and in USp., and translated 'assessment' is an error Samarkand is mentioned several times in I, II, for kuvra:g. T,I.Y.: vrrr ff. Man. tarnu kapglga 'to the gate of hell' Chria~.126; kapagrn act1 'he (D) kovuk 'hollo~~,empty'; cognate to kovt:, opened its gate' MI 13, 7; 0.0. do. 8-12; hi 111 q.v.; survives only(?) in SW Osm. kovuk, but 23, 2 (ii); TT I1 8, 65: Uy& vrrl ff. Bud. the syn. words Az. govug/ko~u$and Tkm. kapag (sic) 'gate' is cornmon in PP: Civ. govalq, Bovuz are cognate. Xak. XI kovuk tegri kaptgl 'the nates of heaven' TT I 144: ne:g 'anything hollow' (arroof) Kaf. 1 383; a.o.0. : Xak. xr kapug (sic) al-brib 'gate' Kag kowuk dltto; alternative form (i~@a) of I 375; over 30 0.0.: KI3 (some Rowers) agtl kovuk III 164: xrrr(?) Tef. kovuk (mls-spelt hepug 'have opened a gate' (with their beauty) kavak) 'hollow' 191: (Korn. xrv 'hollow' 97; 0.0. 264, 2529 ff.: xrrr(?) Tef. kapuglkapu $0~~9(sic) CCG; Gr.): Tkm.(?)xrv ~OWU~ 'ante, door' 198-9: xrv Mr~h,al-rlnrwrizn 'gate' anvthin~hollowed out and empty' (nrrrcaz~7caf kapnk (sic) Me/. 73, 13 (Rif. 179 adds wa .f(iriri,;); in KIP. used for a[-;awiq 'millet gruel' rlurhii'l-srir 'and town pte', translntion kay&:, Id. 76. ?for knpga: q.v.) ;01-brill kapu: 76, 5; kapug 179; a.o. 26, 9; 109 (yaptur-): Gag. xv ff. 11 kapga: Dev. N. in -2s: which seems here kapu ('with -p-') dar-i sar&v 'palace gate', to be an Elative, fr. 2 *kap-; 'a great gate, also called dgik; kapu okqesi 'the bottom town grste'. Survives in NC Krr. kapka; pivot of a door', and metaph. 'threshold', in Kzx. kakpa; NW I

'to put a cover on (something); to bind (a sembly where the Elect were' TT I1 6, 34; book)', and more generally 'to cover, surround, a.o. M III 21, 13 (tbrln): Uyg. VIII ff. Man. besiege, contain', etc. Xak. XI er ka:blandl: vregtiler kuvragloa 'to the community of 'the man became the owner of a wine-skin' the apostles' TT IX 95; a.0. do. 97 (thin): (ziqq) Kap. III 199,6(in a passage on the func- Bud. kuvrag for 'monastic community' IS tions of -Ian-); n.m.e. common, e.g. Sanskrit savghdt rn~gh5r.n'from community to community' kuvra:gd~nkuv- Trls. CUL ra:gka: TT VIII G.5; 0.0. do. C.5 (utuz-); TT IV 6, 45 (erksin-); VI 09, etc. (tbrin); I) klvlllk 'ficklcness' See klv Xak. XI KB. but it in sometimes used more generally for L)F kawlallk (or kavlallk?) A.N. (Conc. N.) 'gathering, crowd', e.g. (he sat down at the fr. kawla:; 'vegetable garden'. Pec. to Uyg. cross-roads in the middle of the town) kalln Civ. Uyg. vrll ff. Civ, a kavlaltk is mentioned kuvrng ara 'in a dense crowd' PP 70, 5-6; as one class of property subject to a particular a.0. U 11 23, 18; and, even yekler kuvrag[l] tax USp. 14, 14; 0.0. do. 15, 3 (tegzintliir-); 'a horde of demons' TT X 312: Xwar. xrv 30, 7 and 22-4. kurag (read kuwrag) 'a festive gathering', usually in the IIend. maclis ku(w)rag; fairly comn~onQutb 144. 1: kapen 'a large dish or tray'; Chinese 1.-w. compounded of ka, perhaps 1 ka:, q.v., and Dis. V. ~BR- pn'rt 'dish, tray' (Giles 8,620). N.0.a.h. Uyg. D kabar- Intrans. Den. V. fr. ka:b; lit. 'to vrlr ff. Chr. U 17, 4-5 (u'-): XIV Chin.-Uyg. become a container', that is 'to form a blister, Dict. p'arr (see above) kapan Ligeti 158; vesicle, and the like', hence, more generally 'to R 11 439. swell up'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE, SE. Uyg. kabln 'dowry'; Chinese I.-w. prob. com- ~IIIff. Bud. kabaru kelmig etindeki s61 F suvln 'the serum in his swollen flesh' pounded of kn, perhaps chia 'to give a daughter, U III inmarriage' (Giles 1,141, Middle Chinese ka), 41, *I (ii); a.o. do. 45, 12: Xak. xr ba:g and ph '(financial) capital' (Giles 8,846). kabardr: 'the wound swelled up' (or became Except in Uyk. spelt w. front vowels. Noted puffy, intafoxa) originally ka:bardl:, but the in (Iranian) Xwarazmian as klibina and a I.-w. form with a short vowel is the more elegant (al-af$ah) Kaj. 11 71 (kabarur, kabarma:k): in Pe. as kGbin, kabin, kcbin, Doerf~rI11 1614. Gag. xv ff. kabar- (spelt) 6bila knrakn, 'to NW Kaz., SW Az. kebin 'betrothal, marriage' form a blister'; and metaph. waram kardan R 11 1194; SW xx Anat. ditto SLID 863 are prob a PC. I.-w. Uyg. vr11 ff. Civ. kabln 'to swell'; the R~imicorrupt it to keberik (sic) in the second sense Son. 264r. I 1 (quotns.; 'dowry' occurs several times in Fam. Arch.: the last statement due to a misunderstanding Osm. xlv kebln 'dowry'; In two texts TTS of the Ar. I.-w. kiber 'becoming great'): Klp. II 610; 111 429. xrv kabar- tannffa!a'l-ctcrh 'of a wound, to D~S.V. CBN- form a blister'; (after kaba:) one says ba:$ kabardl: intafnga'l-~a'rtclttc'his hair was fluffed D kapln- Refl. f. of kap-; s.i.s.m.l., usually out' (sir, ?a misunderstanding of the phr. in as kabln- w. various meanings. Xak. XI er Kag.) Id. 68: xv intnfnfa kabar- Ttch. 6b. 9; tava:r kaplndl: 'the man pretended to carry baqbnqa 'to form a blister' kabar- do. 8b. 5: off(yaslub) the goods'; and one says ogia:n ye1 Osm. xrv, xvr kabar- metaph. (of a battle) kapindl: agdha'l-gabi sn'fa 'detnoniacal posses- 'to become more intense' in two texts TTS I sion attacked the boy' K~J.II 154 (kaplnu:r, 399; 11 559. kap1nma:k). L) kavir- Caus. f. of *kav-?; 'to bring to- S kuvan- See kiiven-. gether, collect', hence 'to constrict', and the like. N.o.a.b., cf. t6r-, kuvrat-. Uyg. vr11 ff. Bud. kav~r-usuallv occurs in the Hend. t6r- D kavrtg Iiap. leg.; Dev. N. fr. kavlr- kav~r-'to collect, bring together', e.g. tegri Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. (if a man is thrown into burxannio edgiilerin t6re kavlra scizledim prison, or commits a rohbery and is arrested, 'I have collected (Hend.) and described the or) berge kagll ulat~kls~g kavrlg emgeki good deeds of the Buddha' U I11 73, 24-5; kelser 'the pain of being (flogged with) a.0. TT X zg--(the Buddha for the second whips, rods, etc., and imprisonment and con- time) odguratr belgiiliig kav~ranomlayu finement comes to him' TT VI 110-11. berdi 'put together with vivid clearness and preached' (the commandment which he had D kuvra:g Dev. N. fr. kuvra:-; lit. 'cronvd, promulgated) TT VI 296; a.0. TM IY 255, gathering', but in Up& usually the standard I 10: Xak. XI bi1e:ziik kiig eligin kavurdl: translation of Sanskrit snmgha 'a monastic 'the bracelet constricted (or pinched, dagafa) community'. More or less syn. w. terin and the slave girl's arm'; also used of anything that bursag, q.v. One of the Buddhist technical constricts something Kaf. 11 82 (kavra:r, terms borrowed by Mong. in Turkish spelling kavurma:k); bu: bi1e:ziik 01 bilek kavur- as kuvmag (Kow. 975. Haltod 223); n.0.s.b. ga:n 'this bracelet always constricts the wrist' Tiirkii VIII ff. Man. (the king himself came) I 518: Xwar. xrv kavra kur- 'to embrace dlndarlar erigll kuvraggaru 'to the as- closely' Qutb 136.

became a I.-w. in (zag. or Osm. as koburl Tris. V. ~BR- kubur Son. 282r. 22 and I'e., Lloerfer I 268, D k~vlrgaklan-Hap. leg. I; Refl. Den. V. fr. and forms like koburquk arc prob. Dim. f.s klvlrga:k; 'to be grasping, miserly'. Uyg. of this I.-w. Xak.x~kabrrqa:k(on vocalizntion vrlr ff. Bud. Suv. 136, 15-16 (2 azlan-). see above) 01-inbiit ma ahfor yusta'mal ji tdbriti'l-mopit 'a box', usually 'a coffin' KO$. DIS. GBS I 501: xrv hfrth.(?) (under 'household ~oods' al-~nndtiq'box,coffer'(VU) kabarqak (hd'un- F xafs~:J Iap. Iep.; as nrockelmann points out, vocalized) Rif. 169 (only); (under 'toys and I.-w. ultimately derived fr. Latincapsavia Syriac ga~nes')01-hl'ha 'puppet, doll' ko:burquk 162: qafsd; nn douht brought to Central Asia by Gag. xv ff. kabarquk (spelt) dbila wn tab.rnl the Manichaeans. Xak. xr xafsl: 01-huqqa 'blister, pustule' Sun. 265r. 12 (quotn.): 'a small box' Kay. 1423. Xwar. x~vkavurqak/kawurqak 'doll, pup- pet' Qrtth 136-7: Kom. x~v'small hox' D~S.V. GBS- kuburquk CCI; Gr.: Kip. xrtr (unclcr 1) kapsa:- Desid. f. of kap-; lit. 'to wish to 'womcn's clothes and other pcrsonal posses- seize', but fr. an early period used as a Sec. f. sions') a/-ltc'ho (aba:k, also called) kahar- of kavza:-, q.v., 'to surround, attack', and the qu:k) Ifoir. 18, 6-7; (and 01-srrlaltjC 'tortoise' like. Survives in this meaning in some NE (VU) kabarquklu: (unvocalized) baga: that Ianguagcs and SE Tiirki. Xak. XI anlg tegre: IS a frog with a [Ar. cornlpt, presumably kipi: kapsa:d~: lrnffa'l-nris !ror~~lohtr 'the 'carapace'] do. 7, 5): xrv kaburqak 01-!lirqq people surrounded him'; and one says 01 'box, casket'; (and kaburqaklt: baga: a[-sul- anlg tava:rln kapsa:dt: 'he wished to carry a!fd) Id. 68; (01-s~rlnilfd(VU)kaljlrqaklt: (only off(yas1irb) his property' IGj. III 285(kapsa:r, bd' vocalized) baga: meantng a frog with a kapsa:ma:k); us1tga:n kuya:g kapsa:d~: dome' (01-q~tbba)BuI. 5, 2): xv ,rand179 kabar- 'the parching heat of the sun surrounded us' qak; Tkm. (VU) kiibiirqlik (in margin in (ahdtat p-)I 155, 16; turnlzg kelip kap- SW(?) hand kablrqak) Tuh. z2b. I; hc'ba sa:di: the cold came and surrounded (tp kawurgak do. 32a. 2: Osm. XVI kaburqak 'a world)' I 463, 9: xrrr(?) Tpf. kapsa- to box for perfumes' in three dicts. TTS 11 560; surround, envelop' 199: Gag. xv ff. kapsa- I V 449: XVIII (kubur (spelt) in R~imi,ql?b wo (-m~g)i!~dla 'to surrout~d' Vef. 314; kabsa- ?arfi 'a container' (Hend.) in which things are (so spelt) nd-gahdn dar mipin girfian wa firti put, e.g. 'a quiver' is called kubur-I tir); giriflan 'to attack and seize suddenly' Sun. kuburquk Dim, f. of kubur in Rtimi, 'a box' 264r. 29 (quotns.; pointing out that in one (qriti) in Ar. hi~qqaSun. 282r. 23. of them Vel. (314) misread kapsamak as knpgamak): Xwar. xtv kapsa- 'to surround, D xkabarqaklig P.N./A. fr. kabarqa:k, envelop' Qutb 127; Nahc. 322, 7. q.v. (1<1p.). D kopsa:- Dcsid. f. of kop-; Hap. leg.; the (L)) koburga: 'owl'; old animal name ending medieval word kobsa-Ikopsa- is a Sec. f. of in +a:. N.0.a.b.; cf. ii:gi:. Uyg. VIII ff. kopza:-, q.~.Xak. XI 01 yoka:ru: kopsa:dl: Bud. kuzgun koburga 'ravens and o~vls', 'he wished to rise' (or stand up, al-nulrtid) Knf. includcd with ogres, demons, etc. in a list of ill- 111 285 (kopsa:r, kopsa:ma:k). omened animals TT VI 59 (kobhur20 VIII 0.4): Xak. xr koburga: al-hdma mina'l-fay Dis. GR$ 'owl' Kaj. 1489. D kaplg DF~.N. fr. kap-; 'plundering' and the I~ke.S.1.s.m.1. Xak. XI kaplg nl-intihdb (D) k1vtrga:k n.0.a.b.; the contexts indicate a meaning 'pasping, miserly', or the like. wa'l-ixtila 'plundering, embezzlement' Kop. I Presumably a Dev. N. (connoting habitual 369. nction) fr. *ktv~r-. UyR. vrrl ff. hlan. [gap] TI kavvr: Hap. leg.; Dev. N./A. fr. kavlg-. k~vlrgak(spclt kiftrkak) sar~nlar'grasping Xak. xr kavg~: ka:p nl-!~~cibtc'l-tnnprtin~~'l- misers' TT IlI 90: Bud. kiini krvrrgak -nzacc 'conjnined nrchcd eyebrows' Knj. I. kli~iilniiotiiliiki ugurlnda 'by rcason of the 424. violence of jealous, grasping thoughts' Sun. 102, 3-4; 0.0. TT III, p. 29, note 90, 2; L'I D kavgut Activc Dev. Pi. fr. kavtg- ; survives 5 ".I. (2 k1z). in NC I

588 DIS. V menig birle: tobtk kaprgdr: 'he struggled D kavgur- Caus. f. of kav~g-;'to collect, with me to snatch (xdusnni) the ball in playing bring together, put together', and the like. Kq. I1 88 (kaprgu:r, kaprgma:k); a.0. N.0.a.b.; cf. kavrgtur-, t6:r-. UyR. VIII ff. II 113, 15: Gag. xvff. kaprg- ('with -p-') Uud.UIz2, rz(trg1a:-); U1146,7~1(1aya:); hamdigor-rd p'rilfon ncn az ham rahridan 'to TT V, p. 16, note A 54, 8 (gi$a:muk); seize one another, to grasp one another' Snn. TT I'I 391 (arkuru:); TT X 145, 262, 299; 263v. to: Xwar. srv kapug- ditto Qutb 126. U III 28, 13 ; 29, 6; 66 (i) etc.: Civ. budanr kavgurup yip birle ;?drgep 'put (the two D kavrv- Co-op. f. of *kav-; 'to conie to- halves of) the liquorice root togcther and tie gether, assernhle'. S.i.s.m.1. in NW, SW. them with thread' Ii I 150; am. TT VIII 'rurku vrrr altu:n yrg iize: kavigalrm 'let us L.35 (*&kke:gu:); Xak. sr KR eIig kavguru assemble in the Altay mountain forest' T 20; tut 'fold your amis' 4056: Xwar. xrrr kaw- 0.0. T 12(u~egu:), 21: Uyg. vrrr kavrgalrm gur- 'to bring (someone Arc.) into contact 51r. E I I ; knvr$rp do. 11' 6: vrrr ff. Rud. inisi with (someone Ihr.)' 'Ali 34, 4s: xrv kavgur- birle knviqdi 'he nlet llis elder brother 'to fold (the arms)' Qrrtb I 36. again' I'P gz, 6; birle kavrgmrg 'united' (kinsfolk) IJ 111 33, 16; kav~g-is fairly com- S kovgag- See 2 koagag-. mon in TT 1'1 rncaning (of t\vo families) 'to meet' 311; (of husband and wife) 'to live to- Tris. GB$ gether' 3 14 ; 'to have sexual intercourse' D kavrggusuz Hap. leg.; Priv. N./A. fr. a 321, 328; ,(of the warp and woof) 'to be Dev. N. fr. kavrg-; 'not coherent, amorphous'. Interwoven 394; kunli aylr karigu kavl- Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. Stcv. 71, 15 (butgiisiiz, gu yorryur 'sun and moon move in op- q.v.). position and conjunction' 324; 0.0. T'I X 486; U II ro, zo, etc.: Civ. (if a man cuts 'rris. V. CB$- his nails on a Sheep day) edgii oglisi bilen E knvgatrl- See kevzatll-. kavlgur 'he meets surneone well disposed to him' TT VII 32: 11-rz: Xak. xr erkek D kavr9rgsa:- Hap. leg.; Ilesid. Den. V. fr. tl9i:ke: kavugd~: the male mated (nnkaha) a Dev. N.fr. kavlg-. Uya. vrlr ff. Man. kagr with the female'; thc original concept is one kortlem kavrgrgsayurmen 'I long to be of the conjunction of one thing with another united with my lovely eye-browed one' M ZI (it!isrilrr'l-~ay' bi'l-pa?'); hence one says kada:g 8,7. kndn:gka: kavugdl: 'one kinsman joined L) kavugtur- (knvrgtur-) Caus. f. of kaviq-; (it,tn:ola) another'; hence nrrrlriqdti'l-molikaj'n survives in SW Osm. kavugtur- 'to bring hi l-,~trllt'peace negotiations between two kings' together, unite, join, fold (the arms)', etc. Cf. are callcd kavgut (prov.); and it is permissible kavgur-. Xnk, xr KB bu Aytoldr klrdi to suhstitr~te-\v- for -v- k-us. II 102 (kavu- k~vr~$tllrdlkol 'Aytoldt entercd and folded $u:r, kavu9ma:k); kuyugup tnkr: kavu- his arms (in respect)' 766: Gag. xv if. kawug- gtum 'I rrr~hraccd and hefricnded him' tur- (spclt) Carts. f. ; ho-hnm po.)~erartahardan (srilrobtrrhtc) III 188, 20: KR tnpug blrIe 'to join together' Snn. z7r)r. 8 (qucltn.). kavgur saga edgu eg 'hecause of your ser- vice a good cornpanion befriends you' 4053; n.o. 6176 (erki:): x~vRbR. iki kavugtllar 'the Dls. GBZ two mated' R 11 471: Gag. xv ff. kawup- kopuz 'a stringed instrument' of the guitar (spelt) bn-horn pnywnstatr 'to be joined to- type, but no doubt used for several varieties of xethrr' Son. 278v. 25 (quotn.): Xwar. xrv instrument. An early (First Period) 1.-m. in knvug- 'to meet, to enihrace' Qrrtb 137: Kom. h,long.. as hrr#rrr/hrr'rrr (Kotu. 386); the N.Ag. XIV 'to join one another' kovug- (sic) CCG; krc'trr~irl occurs in the Srrret History (Hoe- Gr.: Krp. xv nlqri 'to nieet' kawug- (or kog- ?) nisch 177). 'I'he Mong. word became a I.-w. in 7;rlr. 6h. 5. Pe. and other languages, see DoerJer I 314; 111 1546, where the nature of the instrument 1) kopuq- Ilap. Icg.?; Co-op. f. of kop-. and the history of the word is discussed at Xnk. sr 01 menlg blrle: kopu~d~:'he com- Icnpth. S.i.a.rn.1.g. with minor phonetic prtcd with nle in ~tandinpup' (fi'l-qiydm); changes (-p-/-b-; -21-6). Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. alpo uced fnr helping Kaj. I1 88 (kopugu:r, PP 70. 6-7 (u:~): xrv Chin.-lJy2. Dirt. kopugma:k). stringed instrument' kopuz R 11 661; in Ligrti 168 the translation is the Mong. fnrm I> kovug- Ilccip, f of kov-; s.i.s.ni.l., snme- kubur: Xak. XI kopuz a/-'tidrc'llndi yrrdrab times much distorted, e.g NC Iroeade'; more cor- enellly) Oi. 16H, etc,: Iiom. xIv rectly (nl-nsn!~!~) kw:~;n slave girl (nl-iirla') iscallcd kaqa:q nfter it Krq. II 285: YIV ilfrili. clittl, CCI, CCG; (,.r,: K1l,. xllr hrlraba (?)01-nmic 'wovcn fabric' knca:q (-C-. C; rills- kaF- lioIl. 34, jd,6y; Surada (of 'oc"imd hl-) Ni/. 167(only). = horse, 'to run away') mu jtornba knq- Bu[. 52~:xv Itnraba kag- Kov. g, 9; 74, 18; kac- s 2 kn~a:~See kaka:~. Tub. 38% I ;jarra kaq- do. 28b. 6. kuq- 'to embrace', often, but not necessarily, Dis. ~CD in a sexual sense. Survives in SC Uzb. kuq-; TI kaqut Caus. Dev. N. fr. kaq-; n.0.a.h. SW Oqm. koq-; Tkm. @I$-, but elsewhere Xak. XI knqut 'a rout' (a/-!ircid) in battle, etc. generally displaced by kuqak1a:-. Tiirkii I

Inany denlons as) ya& yCr arkas~ndakt bir koqgiir 'one rium' USp. 36, 3; koqugar toprakntg paramanu kog k~qmrk'atoms Ii I1 12, 106: Xak. xr koqga:r ol-kohl 'ram' (Sanskrit pararnd!ru), dust and fragments of (prov.); koqga:r ba:$l: the name of a town soil on the back of the brown earth' U IV 20, Kay. 111 381; 0.0. I1 lor, 9 (siisiig-); 111 loz, 253'4; 3.0. Hiien-Is. 322-3 (tepit-). 18: xrv Mull. 01-krtby ko:q ATPI. 70, 14; Rif. 172; n.o. 18, rr; 97 (iizge:): Vag. xvff. Dis. GCN kocknr ('with -c-') kojwn hoci Vel. 337 (I)) kaqan an Adv. both Interrog. and Tem- (quotn.); kogkar (spelt) 'a ran1 '(ktir), usually poral ; '\vhen ?. when, ~vhenever'. Morpho- a wild (ktihi) ram, or a (io~nesticnted one logically obscure but cognate to knp and (&yr krilri) Son. 283v. zS (quotn.): Oguz XI kn:tiu:, q.v. S.i.a.rn.l.~.,hut not always with koq al-hohf; oriflinally koqga:r Ko?. I 321; the full range of meanings. Uyg. VIII ff. Man. a.0. I1 184 (slktiir-, not specifically Oiuz): kaqan 18uk kaglmlz kallkdln kodl dn- Xwar. XIV koqkar ditto Nahc. 216, 2: Kom. tigiz 'when you, our holy father, came down xrv 'ram' koqknr CCI, CG;Gr.: Krp. xrrl from the sky' TT I11 34-5: Chr. kaqan . . . a/-kaby Tkm. koq Iforr. 14, 23: XIV tegdiler erser 'when (the Magi) reached' koq (-c)/koqkar (-c-) nl-kob$ Id. 69; Otrl. 7, (Dethlehern) U 16, 7-8: Uud. birok kayuda 12: xv a/-knbg koqka:r (-c-) Kuv. 62, I; 7'1th. knpan yalaguk ajuntnta tugmak~bolsar lob. 13. 'if sonie\vhere and sometime he is reborn in Dis. V. CCN- hu~nanform' U I1 29, I 1-13 ; kaqan kayu kiin I) knq~n-Rcll. f. of kaq-; s.i.s.ni.1. Xak. XI 'whenever' (follou~edby Conditional) do. 79, 01 mendin kaqtndl: 'he pretended to run 54; kaqan 'when' U I11 54, 18 (damaged); away (yohr~rb)from me' Kaj. 11 IS.+ (kaqlnur, 0.0. Pp 51, 5-6; 64;TT X 537,546, 567; kaq1nma:k). IIiien-IS. 78, etc. : Civ. kaqan 'when' (followed by Conditional) USp. 6,4; 49.6; there does not Tris. GCN seern to be any clear case of Interrog. kaqan VUF xuqu:nek (kcif) Ilap. leg.; no douht in Uyi.: Xak. xr kaqan a Particle (horf) a I.-w., prob. Iranian. Xak. xr xuqu:nek 'a meaning mat< 'when?'; hence one says kaqan colocynth' (nl-lrnrioco nrina'l-hot1i.r); it has a keldig 'when did you corne?'; it also means sweet sn~clland is pnrticolourcd (or 'with lorn 'if', hence one says kaqat~barsa:sen 'if a rough surface', mu~rnqqnyn)Kaf. I 488. you went'; it also means idci 'when', but the first meaning is the original one Kay. I 403; Dis. CCR senin bargu:g kaqa:n (sic) 'when will you D kapar Distr~bi~tivef. of knp 'Iiow mnny go?', but the Oguz say senig bara:stg each?' and the like. Survives in SW Osm. In kapn:n 11 69, 7; 0.0. 1352, 10; 467, 8 (both the quotn. below the \ocalization is not clear, iclC);111 207, 22 (lau~):KB (I will tell the king) but 110 other explanation of the word seems kaqan kelgii oz 'when you jwurself will possible. Xak. ur yeti:ge:nig kaqar sa:dtm come' 510; 0.0. 950, 4425 (iq), 6176 (erki:): 'adod~rr cla~uordn bandt nof mirdra(n) 'I ~III(?)At. olardln osanmak kacan 01 counted the number uf revolutions of Ursa maga 'when shall I ever weary of them'? 32; Major' K(ay. III 247, 24; n.m.e. three 0.0. of 'when?'; Tef. kaqanlkaqan kim 'when' 206: xrv Mith. tt~ahrnd'wheneverlkaga:n Rif. 94 (only); mold kacan Mel. 17, 8; 95: pfi.sv ff. kapn (spelt) kay roo rih waqt I3 kaqur- Cam. f. of kaq-; 'to put to flight, mhe~,?'(quotn.); kaqnnga tbgrii 'till when?' drive away', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g.; cf. (quotn.); kaqanga ca ditto (quotn.) Son. kaqtt-, kaqtur-. Xak. xr men ant: kaqur- 267~.zo: Oguz xr see Xnk.: Xwar. xrlr durn nnfnrttthrr tun s~rqttrhrrrtr~rnhasirn nra!rtid kapnn '\\.hen?' 'Ali 17: s~vditto Qtrtb 127; ki7rib 'I scared I~imaway and drove him away PIN 75, etc.: Kom. x~v'when?' knqan; in disorderly Higilt' KO$.11 75 (kaqururmen. when, if' kaqanlkacan kim CCI, CCG; kaqurma:k); about 10 0.0. usually translated G'r. 158 (quotns.): KIP. XIIT nintd kaqan, nhrabn 'to put to flight'. several quotns.; it also means id3 Hou. 55, 20: D ki:qur- IIap. leg.; Caus. f. of *kc$-, see xlv kaqon (-c-) mntli fd. 69; Bul. 15, 6: xv kt$l:la:-, but the semantic connection with mom kagan (sic) Kav. 16, 14; kaqan, also this group of words is rather tenuous. Xak. used for the Conditional (fartiyo), in the latter XI 01 agar kt:gurdt: ICmahu fiarnr run ofmala case (the V.) requires the Conditional Suff., 'oloyhi rua faril~abi-md opibahu minn'l-lromm e.g. kaqan kelse kelirmen 'when he comes, 'he criticized him, and was pleased at his nlis- I shall come' T~rh.65a. 12 ff.: Osm. xrv ff. fortunes and \reas delighted at the anxieties kaqan 'when?; when', and in various idioms; which assailed h~m'KO$. 111 187 (kt:qura:r, c.i.a.p. TTS I 400; I1 560; I11 398; IV 449. k1:gurma:k). koqga:r 'ram'; 1.-\r. in hlorig. as kfrfa (sic; D knqurt- Caus. f. of kagur- ; s.is.m.l. Xak. Kozu. 940); s.i.a.m.l.g., in one or two NE xr 01 am: kaqurttr: 'he urged hini to drive lnnpuapes as kuqa (reborrowed fr. &long.); in away ('otri'l-ilar(ib) someone else' Kat. llI 431 S\V :\z., Tkm. goq;Osm. koq elsewhere usually (kaqurtur, kaqurtma:k). koqkar or the like. See Shcherbnk, p. I I r ; cf. irk. L.-w. in Pe., etc., Doerfer 111 1550-1. D kaqrus- Hap. leg.; Recip. f. of knqur-. Uyfi, VIII ff. Civ. (in a list of livestock, etc.) Xak. XI ola:r ikki: knqrugdr: 'the two of them drove one another away' (ldrada) Kay. II 'Tokharian' form) appears in U 111 74, 7 as 218 (kaqrugu:r, ka$ruqma:k). ktkf and also in the Chin.-Uye. Dict. where ch'i lin, trst~ally translated 'unicorn' (Giles 'IIrIs. V. GCR- 1,044 7,186) is trarrslafed kat R I1 273; 1) kaqrumsln- IIep. leg.; Itefl. Si~nulative Ligeti 164. Den. V. fr. a N.S.A. *kaqrun~fr. kaqur-. Xak. XI ol ant: kaqrumslndt: 'he pretended 1 kat basically 'a layer' of something, hence to put hi111 to flight and drive h~n~away 'a fold' (of a blanket), 'a story' (of a house) (yrth,rrril~rrIrrr tc.0 yo!toridi~/rtr), hut did nr~t and the Ilke; thence, on the analogy of a num- really do sr~'Kog. 11 261, 9 (a gra~nniatical ber of layers, 'times' in such expressions as exa~i~ple);n.1n.e. 'so many times'. C.i.a.p.a.1. L.-w. in Pe., etc., Doerjer 111 1429. l'iirkii VIII ff. (a great houqe was burnt) katt:ga: tegi: kalmaduk 1) kaq19 IInp. leg.; 1)cr.. N. (connotir~~joint 'down to the (pround) floor nothing remained' action) fr. kaq-. Xak. XI kaqq GI-mur~~ifara IrkB 9 (cf. 2 biik); a.o. do. 50 (6qlirgU:): wa'l-nrrc!nmd~~ boyna'l-qaw~n 'general panic Man. on kat kok 'the tenfuld heavens' M I and d~sorderlyIli~ht among the peoplc' Kaj. 14, 6-14; a.o. Chuos. 42-3 (asra:): Uyg. 1369 (prov.). vrrr ff. Man. TT 111 59 (alkat-): Bud. PP 39, 5 (karlm); Tiy. 47b 8 (aju:n): Civ. on D kugug Dev. N. (connoting reciprocal kat kag oyun 'the tenfold kaf game' TTI94; action) fr. ku$-. S.i.s.rn.1. Xak. xr kupg (if a n~ouse)kat kat lslrsar 'bites through al-mtt'linaqa 'mutual ernlxacing' Kay. I 369. several layers (of a garnient)' TT VII 36, 6: Xak. xr kat 'a fold' (Iiny) of anything; one Dis. V. Gc$- says to:n kat~:'a fold of a garment'; hence the D kapg- Recip./Co-op. f. of kaq-; s.i.s.m.1. folds and bends (ma*d!if. . . ma mahdni) of the for 'to run away from one another', or 'to fly mountains are called (kat) kadra:k (sic) Kay, togpthrr in confusion'. Xak. sr o1a:r bi:r I 320; 0.0. 1471 (kadra:k); I11 27 (ybtti:): bi:rdin kaq~gtt:fanl?forri 'they fled from one KB yag~zybr kat~ndakialtun tag 01 'there is gold ore in the strata of the brown earth' another' Kaj. 11 92 (kaq19u:r, kaq1gma:k). 213; (if I remain alone) kara y6r katln 'in a D kuquq- Recip. f. of kuq-; 'to embrace one layer of black earth' 395; 0.0. 883, 1371,4102: another'. S.i.s.ni.1. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. PI' 52, xrrr(?) Tef. kat 'layer'; katunda, etc. 'by my 8 (iiptig-): Xak. XI ol menig birle: kuqugdr: (etc.) side' and similar phr. 203: xrv Rbg. 'dnaqani 'he exchanged embraces with me' (heaven and earth were) bir kat 'a single layer' Kay. I1 92 (kugugu:r, kuqugma:k); a.o. III (by His might He divided heaven and earth 188 (kavlg-): Gag. xv ff. kuqug- 'to ernbrace and made them) yeti kat 'seven layers' R II (mrr'finaqn ma bajal-giri kardan) one another' 274: xrv Muh. 'inda 'at, near, by, beside', etc. Son. 283v. zo (quotns.): Xwar. xrv ditto katlnda: Mel. 18, 17; ka:tlnda: Rry. 98; 0.0. Qrctb 142. 17, 2-3; 95: Cag. xvff. kat fabaqa 'layer, story' Son. 267r. 18 (quotns.): Oguz XI kat Mon. GD a Particle (horf) which corresponds to 'inda: ka:d 'snow-storm; blizzard'. Survives in S\V hence one says beg katmda: 'by the side of the Tkm. gay; xx Anat. kay SDD 8jq in the beg'; begle:r katin 'indn'l-unmrd Kaj. 164, 14 latter case sometimes for 'heavy' or 'fine rain'; (in a Xak. verse): Xwar. xrrr kat with Poss. listed in Sami 1044 hut described as 'obsolete'. Suff.s 'beside' 'Ali 22: xrv kat (I) ditto; (2) Xak. XI ka:d 'a snowstorm' which kills 'layer'; katalkatla (so many) 'times' Qrctb people; hence one says ka:d bold~:haydcrr'l- 135: klt (sic) as kat (I) do. 149; kat in both -dantoq (sic) 'a snow-storm came on;' this hap- meanings MN 4, etc.: (the Prophets have) pens in the mountains both in summer and bal5 kat kat 'numerous trials' Nahc. 34, 13: winter, but in the plains (ol-qa!rZri) only in the Kom. xrv kat (I) 'layer'; (2) with Poss. Suffs. winter Kay. I11 147 (verse); same verse 11 223, 'with, ncar' CCI, CCG; Gr. 196 (quotns.): lo (6sne:-): Gag. xv ff. kay korla ya&n KIP. xrrr 'inda is katin (sic) in Turkish as in yofmrir 'rain nnd snow mixed' Vel. 327; d~tto senin katrnda: 'irtdak . . . menum katumda: Son. 28rr. 20: KIP. xrv ka:y al-barad wu'l- 'indi, etc. IIotc. 54, 7: xrv kat tZq 'layer'; one -mafar ma'a(n) 'hail and rain simultaneously' says bir kat 'one layer'; iki: kat 'two layers' fd. 77: Osm. xrv to xvrrr kay 'heavy rain'; fd. 68; kat 'inda do. 73; 'indimentim kattm- fairly common TTS 1436; 11 603; 111 425; da: Bul. 14, 15; a.o.0.: xv senin kat~nda: IV 485. Kaw. 27, 15; a.o.0. do. 32, 20; 36, 1-3; 'inda kat Tuh. 89b. 3 ; a.0.o. : Osm. xrv ff. kat kat Preliminary note. Apart from 1 kat and (occasionally krt) with Poss. S&.s 'near, 2 ka:t beloru kat has also brrn read as the name beside, in the presence of'; c.i.a.p. TTSI431 ; of the mythological monster in Xwar. s~rr(?) I1 597; I11 419; IV 480: xvrrr kat in Rtimi, Og. zz ff, This is certainly on error. Sinor has hr~d~ir'presence'; kat kat 'layer on layer, fold pointed orrt thrrt these scriptions are attempts on fold' Son. 267r. 18 (the second perhaps to represent one or other of two Sanskrit u$urds Cair.). ganda and khaJga or Prakrit forms of tlzem, 2 ka:t (ka:d) a generic term for 'berry'; sur- all rnro~ri~t~'rhinocrros'. I

Tuv., the particular kind hcing indicated hy in the astronomical texts 7.7' VII 4, 10, 18, an rlttributive. Xak. XI ka:t !~ornln'l-'idiih ctc. kut (and less often tii:z) rcprcscnts 'ele- ocrna' 'a generic term for the fruit of thorn rncnt' it1 the sense of the livc: c.lctiients, firr, hushes'; one says avilgu: ka:t~: 'the fruit of water, earth, metal, and \voirrl: Xak. XI kut the qnr1n tree', and (VU) sanq8a:tl ka:t~: a/-dnrclo rcn'l-cndd 'cr~i~df<,rtutir' (Iiord.), Fontlrr'l-idzh; this fruit is crushed and ~iiiucd hence a man is called kutluj: Kn~.1 320 with curdled milk and used to colcrur frrtrna:r; (verse; the basic rnennir~gof d~~rolizis 'change, in Yeme:k. Klp., Ra:y, l'ata:r it is uscd for vicissitude', hence 'fcrrtunc' and csp. 'pood 'the fru~t'of any kind of tree KO$. III 146. fortune'); 1 163 (1 UC-) ancl ahnut 10 c1.o. translated (inlnrcla, rnriri or hn.vt '~ocrdfortune': kut originally in a rather n?ystiC:ll sense 'thc KU kut, which is clc:~rly syn. \v. dawlnt favour of heaven', thcnce, lrss specifically and is rrftrn assoriatccl \vitlr it, as rn the title 'good fortune' and the like, and thence, Inore of Clinp. XX (1045 ff.) kut ~IVIIIEI11su.Int gctierally, 'happiness'. In ICR, where it is irsellfki 'the fickle111~~of ro~-tirllcand tl~c regarded as syn. m. Ar. dnrcln, it crime to rncan, untrrlst\\ortl~i~~essof Ittck', iq very ceirnnnon, Inore neutrally, 'fortune', either good or had. cotn~nonestfor 'good fortune', hut 'nlajcsty' S.i.a.m.l.g., usually for 'good fortune, happi- is a170 co~iin~c,n;thr twr) ore conrt>incd in nrss', and the like, but in one or two languages, tirllsuni terken kut~n~ir~ kotun 'may your esp. in NE, it seems rather to mean 'soul, life Rlajcsty live in 1111 kinds of gnod fortunr'; force'. More or less syn. w. klv, q.v. In two 0.0. ~oy(terken), 456, ctc.: s~~t(?)Tef. kkut late CJyi;.. Civ. texts thc word transcribed kut 'good fortiune' 219: ($2. XY tT. kut, in Mong. is a transcription in TT 1/11 42, 4 of (Ar.) (sic) t~tnynrailnt zL'n sn'rid(~t 'goor1 fortune, qtrwrcat 'strength', and in USp. 88, a4 of qtit happincss' Son. 283r. 20: Xw;~r,XIV kut 'food'. Turku VIII teg ogum xatu:n 'good fortune, happincss, majesty' ()ufh 146: kutlga: 'because my lady mother, who re- KIP. XI^ kut nl-~,rrnrn 'happincss, good for- sembles (the goddess) Umay, enjoyed the tune'; hence kutlu:; also pronounced k~[but favour of heaven' I E 31; 0.0. I S 9, II N 7 kut is the original form; une of thcir curses is (ticun); II E 35 (tapla:-): VII~ff. (a god kut korsun 'may his good fortune wither' speaks) kut bergey men 'I will give you ~y (ynfl~is);also uscd in thc meaning 'may his divine favour' IrkB 2; tegri: kut1:nta: by ~ntclligenccand unrlcrstan~litiy.withcr' fd. 68: the favour of heavcn' do. 15; 0.0. do. 36 xv bnrnkn 'hlcssing' kut 'I'rrlr. 78. 6: Osm. (uqru:&lu:g); 47: Man. (if we have bowed svl 01-yttmn tral~slated kut in onc dict. down to false doctrirics and) kut kolu TTS 11 670. yukuntumiiz 'worshipped asking for divine favour' Chuas. 150; 0.0. do. qj-6 (~Iv);AT Rion. V. CD- I11 10, 6 (ii): Uyg. v11r ff. Man. tiikel kut kn:d- I'reliminary note. ?%e only If. nctrrnllj. bulrnak~~jlz[bolzun] 'mny you attain com- noted in ikis form ir fknt listed i~rI

sense af 'to allow oneself to be frozen to death'. common 350 (kutadsu), 352. 682, 1663, etc.; Xak. XI (after 2 kadlt-) also of a man when he sometimes clearly Intrans. e.g. bilig bllse dies of cold and is frozen stiff (?; i& mdta kiinde kutacjur kani 'if a man is wise, he is mina'l-bard fa'$rodda) one says er tumlugka: truly fortunate every day' 1814. kad~ttl:Kay. II 301 (no Aor. or Infin.). Tris. CDD D 2 kadrt- Caus. f. of 2 *ka:d-; but hardly Caus. in meaning, cf. 1 kadit-; 'to turn back, D katutlug Hap. leg.; P.N./A. fr. katut; return'. S.i.s.m.1. in all groups as kayt- and 'impregnated with a mixture'. Xak. xt Ka3. the like. See katar-, kadlr-, kaytar-. Uyg. 11 284 (katut). vlrr ff. Dud. USp. 97, 20-1 (kkrii:): Civ. ditto Tris. V. ~DD H II 22, 32: Xak. xr er barr:r erke:n kad~ttl'the man turncd hack (raca'a) from D kutadturul- Hap, leg.; Pass. Caus. f. of the direction in which he was going after kuta:d-. Uyg. vr~rff. Bud. 01 tegreki (so hc had set out on his journey and met ob- read) y6r orunnug yavlak acjalar arnrilrp struction' (imtann'a) Kaf. II 3or (kad~ta:r, kutadturulrnl$~nsakrn~p 'thinking that the kad1trna:k): KM (a modest man) yak1 birle grievous dangers of places in that locality kargur kad~trnazByiin 'fights the enemy have been neutralized and made to yield good and docs not turn back from revenge'(?) 2290: fortune' USp. 103, 22-3. xrrr(?) 7'rf. kayt- 'to turn back' (to a place Dat.) '194: Gag. xv ff. kayt- (-may~p,etc.) D~S.CDC din- 'to turn back' Vel. 327-8 (quotns.): PU kadag in the phr. mun kadag can hardly kayt- (spelt) hargnjtnn 'to turn back, return' be a mistranscription of kat@ although kada- San. 279~.22 (quotns.) Xwar. xrlr kayt- ditto km in M I28, 26 is an error for katagln the 'Ali 31: xlv kayt-Ikaytt- ditto Qutb 129; Man.-A form of kat~gtn,but it is difficult Nafic. 274, 5: Kom. xrv ditto kayt- CCI, to find any other explanation; the phr. seem CCC;; Gr. 190 (quotn.): KIP. xrrr mca'a to mean 'defect, shortcoming', and the like. kay~t-Ilotl. 34, I 7; b'dda ntina'l-'awd same N.0.a.b. Kadai in Kay. I1 190, 20 (kaztur-) meaning kaylt- do. 42, 5: xrv ka:yit- raca'a is an error for kudug. Uyg. vrrr ff. Bud. fd. 77: xv ditto kay~t-Kav. TO,8; kaJ3- do. edgii kutlug yalanuklar Ifze yok kurug 74, 19; kaylt- 'lirlz. 17a 10; radda bi-ma'nd yala urup mun kadag s8zledlm erser 'if racn'a kayt- Kav. 78, I ; qafafa (in margin I have cast unfounded suspicions on good men ay mcab) kaylt- Ti&. 3oa. 9; wallii wa radda enjoying the favour of heaven and ascribed kay~tdo. 38b. 8: Osm. xv kay~t-'to turn shortcomings to them' Suv. 135, 57; (they back'; in two texts TTS (I 438); 11 607. neither understand the right way nor) tugmak D kadut- Caus. f. of kadu:-; 'to have (some- olmeknig [miinlin kadagrn bilirler 'know thing) sewn fim~ly'. Survives in NW Kaz. the evils of (the cycle) of births and deaths' kaylt- R 11 98; a superfluous hasra is added U I1 4, 4; ulug Qlig kaqiildeki nece yirin- tilig [miin] kadaglar bar erser 'whatever below the ddl in the MS. Xak. XI 01 to:nug kacjuttl: 'he ordered that his garment should sinful shortcomings there may be in the mind be sewn firmly' (yt~xdfmu$amraca(n)) Kaf. II of the great king' U 111 73, 25-7. 301 (kadutu:r, kadutma:k). D kad@ (kadu:g) Dev. N. fr. kadu:-; apparently survives in NE Alt., $or, Tel. D kld~t-Caus. f. of ktd-; survives as NE ,Sor ka:yl 'hem, trimming, fur edging', etc. R II kty~t-'to put on one side' R II 721 ; for the 93, but semantically this word is nearer to meaning in Kay. cf. krd~g.Xak. XI 01 b8rkin kldlttl: amara hi-xiydfa hitdr qalanstiwatihi 'he klQtB. Xak. XI kadtg 01-m>dfatu'l-mrc'akka& ordered that a brim should be sewn onto his 'reinforced stitching' Kq. 1375. hat' Kas. 11 301 (kldttu:r, k~d~tma:k). ?S kadik Hap. leg.; semantically this looks like a Sec. f. of kazuk in the sense of something D kuta:d- Den. V. fr. kut; apparently both dug out; not an earlier form of kaylk which is Intrans. 'to enjoy divine favour, or good for- a Sec. f. of kayguk. Argu: xr kacj~knaqiru'l- tune' and Trans. 'to bestow divine favour, or -xafab 'a wooden trough' Kay. 1382. good fortune'. N.0.a.b. Uyg. vrlr ff. Man.-A M I 28, 15-17 (klvad-): Bud. (a new house) D katlg Dev. N./A. fr. 2 kat-; 'hard, firm, lyesl~ekutadur 'brings good fortune to its tough', and the like. S.i.a.m.1.g. as kattigl owner' TT VI roo; kopka kutagur agllur kat~/kattt/kattu:. Tiirkii VIII ff. ZrkB 65 'he is fortunate in everything and increases in (agrz): Uyg. v111ff. Man.-A M I z?, 26 strength' do. 348; 0.0. Kuan. 60 (erdem), 71, (biitun): Bud. bek katag kbrtgiin~lugwith 218: Civ. tagdln iinser kutadur 'if he goes a firm strong belief' U 11 88: 75; bek katlg out he is fortunate' (if he stays at home siiziik kbrtgtinc k8~8lltigwith a mind full a~llur)TT VII 28, 32-3: Xak. xr erkutatt~: of firm, strong, pure belief' TT VII 40, 117; 'the man enjoyed good fortune' (cidd ma dmula 82 et6zin alp katag iize tutar erdi 'he kept wa baxt); also used of anything which enjoys his own body in a state of toughness and hard- good fortune Kag. I1 299 (kuta:tur, kutat- ness' U IV 34, 49-50; 0.0. U 111 26, 13-14; ma:k; these forms seem dubious): KB the U IV 8, 8 etc. (yav1a:k); 22, 295 (alalur~g-); title Kutadgu: Bilfg must mean 'wisdom TT X 445 (t@ra:k), etc.: Civ. kad~rkatkl which brings good fortune'; the word is fairly katlg sav 'a grim, harsh, firm speech' TT I

GnC; 599

comes' 434; kokuz boldr kadgu sevin~l 'to grieve' TTS I 436; I1 604; I11 425: tolu 'sorrow became non-existent and his joy kay~r-Ikayur-'to be anxious; to care for; to full' 617; 0.0. 681, 1231, 6275: XIII(?) At. guard against; to prepare'; c.i.a.p. I 437: 11 (know wealth for what it is) bu kiln kadgu 605; I11 426; IV 486: xvrrr kay~r-(spelt) in sak~nq'today anxiety and carc' (tornorm\\, R~imi,iffrig rua mihrabdnikardan 'to show kind- a burden and a curse) 426; Tef. kadgu ditto ness and favour' Sun. 281r. 18. 1'92: Gag. xv ff. kayu (sic) kayglc ve guga ( nnguish') Vel. 326; kaygu/kayku tamm run (D) katgur- 'to laugh wildly', a stronger word andtilt ('care') Son. 281 v. 6 (quotn.): Xwar. than kiil- with which it is often associated; XIII kadgu (rare)/kayRu ditto 'Ali 10, 52: morphologically obscure; prima facie an XIII(?)ltaygu 'sorrow' Ox. 164, 3067: x~v Inchoative f., but without any obvious kadgulkaygu ditto Qutb 128; Nahc. 236, semantic connection with 1 or 2 kat-. Sur- 16-17 (antag): Kom. xrv 'sorrow, anxlety' vive~as katkrr- in several NE languages. kaygr CCG; Gr.: KIP. XIII ?tazitrn 'to grieve' Xak. xr er kiiliip katgurd~:dohaka'l-ram1 kaygr: tat- Horc. 35, 13: xv hnmm wa jnczn /tattd ahzaqa fihi wa'stagraba 'the man laughed (Gild protect us from them!) kaykc Ttth. 37b. until he launhed to excess' Kaf. II 192 (kat- 11; a.o. 83h. 7: Osm. xrv to xv~kaygu in &ura:r, katgurma:k); (the lover) katgura:r such pl~r.as knygu ye- 'to I)c sr~rrowful';in ynhziq fi'l-dn!zk 11 188, I r; a.o. II 201, 15; scvcral texts TTS 1436-7; 11 604; I11 4"; bu er ol iiku~katurga:n (sic, the position I V 486. indicates that the spelling was deliberate) 'this man is always laughing, enjoying himself, and boasting' 1516: KB iinin irtti keklik kUler katgura 'the partridge sings his song laughing VU kodgu: 'a fly'; prob. an animal name end- wildly' 76; (after rain) qiqek yazdr yiiz kBr ing in -gu:; there is no obvious semantic kuler katgurar 'the flowers open their face connection w. ko:d- or kud-. Pec. to Kag.; and laugh wildly' 80; a.o. 41 13 v.1. displaced by sigek and, later, pbm. Xak. XI kodgu: al-d~rbrib 'fly' Kaf. I 425; a.0. 111 S kutgar- See kurtgar-. 367, 9. (D) kudgur- See kuzgrr-. VU(D) katkuq Hap. leg.; completely un- vocnlizcd; no doubt a der. f. of some kind. Tris. ~DC Argu: XI katkuq 'a thing which stings (yalda2) D kod~kl:Den. N.1A.S. fr. kodl:; lit. 'situated like a scorpion' Kaf. I455 below', but normally used metaph. N.0.a.b. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. Sanskrit nytinapuruflnarn Dis. V. CDG- 'of inferior men' kodlkr (MS. hitkr) ere:n- U kndgur- Intrans. Den. V. fr. kadgu:; 'to 1e:rnig TT VIII A.2: Civ. TT I 128-9 be .crievc~l,sorrowful; to he anxious (about (oriiki:): Xak. XI kotkr: er al-roculu'l- something Dot.)'. S.i.a.m.1.g. except NE(?) -intrtazaddi' 'a humhle man' Kay. I 427: KB usually as kaygir-lkaygur-. Uyg. vrr~ff. suqig tutgu ti1 soz me kodlu Bzi 'he must plan. kadgurarmen kadgurduk [uqiin] keep his tongue and speech sweet and himself I grieve, and hecause I grieve' M I1 8, 6: humhlc' 547; (the man who finds me must be Xak. XI men agar kadgurdum ihtamamt~c modest (alqak) and) ko~ulkodk~ 'with a li-aclilri 'I was anxious ohout him' Kaj. I1 192 humble mind' 703; 0.0. 1696, 1705, 2231. (verse; kadgura:r, kaygura:r in those lan- guages which turn -d- into -y-, kadgur- D katlgdr: (katrgt~:)Adv. fr. katlg; 'tightly, mo:k); er kaygurdr: iiztanzma'l-racul, dialect firmly'. N.0.a.h.; after -g the Suff. should be form for -d- III 193 (kaygura:~,kaygur- -t~:in Turku; this is the spelling in IrkB 14 ma:k): KB k111nq edgii tut negke kadgur- butindo. 33 andISzit is-dr:andinZN~r rnaRtl 'do what is right and do not be anxious -di: (sic). TUrku VIII edgu:ti: egid kahgdz: about anything' 1305; sakrnqm kadagr trgla: 'hear well and listen attentively' I S 2; iiqiin kadgurup 'fecl~ng anxious about his katrgdi: sakintrm 'I thought earnestly' I N kinsman' 6276; a.o. 5445 (eligleg-): XIII(?) 11: VIII ff. IrkB 14 (edgikti:), 33 (ur-). Tcf. kadgur- hazina 'to grieve' 192; kaygur- D katrglrk A.N. fr. kat~gf'hardness,harsh- ditto 206 (mistranscribed kJ~cr-): Gag. xv ff. ness, severity', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. w. some knyaur-(-mas) kayur- Vel. 329; kaygur- phonetic changes. Xak. XI kelse: kah: katrg- (spclt) gomniik judan 'to be sorrowful' Sfn. Ilk 'if misfortunes and hardships (bal;' run z8ov. 17 (quotns.): Xwar. xlv kadgur- to ~idda)come to you' Kaj. III 233. I 5; n.m.e.: grieve' Qrtrb 128; Nahc. 233, 8-14: Kom. xrv XIII(?)At. (if I receive Your grace, my soul is 'to mourn' kayg~r-CCG; Gr.: Tkm. XIV saved) agar bolsa 'ad119 kaoglrk maga 'if (antat-) hazina (this is a very u7estem(garbiya Your justice, I shall have a harsh fate' 40; cidda(n)) word, the word nolv normally used Tef. katlglik/katlklrk '(physical) hardness: is the Tkrn. one) kaygur- fd. 24: xv al-hamm hardship', etc. 204: Xwar. xrv kat~glrkditto to be anxious' kaygrrmak Kav. 61, 16; Qutb 135. hrtzn kaygamak (in margin kaygrrmak) Ttrlt. ~zb.10; kayg~rdrdo. 83b. 7; bdIJ 'to he D katrklxg P.N./A. fr. kaok; 'mixed, con- anxious' kayrr- do. 8a. 13: Osm. xrv ff. the taining an admixture'. N.0.a.b. Tiirkii VIII ff. word occurs in two forms; kaygur- xrv-xvr Man. Inya kaltr katlkhg alturl (PU) hsada arryurca 'just as one crushes(?) and refines they strive to set their allairs in ordcr' Ilrirtt-fs. base gold' M 111 14, 7-9 (iii): Uyg. VIII ff. 150-2. Dud. (four kinds of illnesses, those due to demoniac possession, those connected with D k~d~gla:-Hap. leg.; Den. V. fr. k~cjlg. mucus, those called (in Sanskrit) samnipdtn Xak. xr 01 bork krrJrkla:dr: 'he sewed a brim and) kat~kl~gig 'diseases of mixed origin'(?) (xa'tn hitfir) onto his hat' (ctc.) KO?. I11 336 Srro. 591, 10: Civ. ban~tkatlkllg kun~it (kld~gla:r,ktdtg1a:ma:k). 'sesanie seed flavoured with honey (I.-a,)' 1) katiglan- Refl. f. of katig1a:-; lit. 'ti) TT 1/11 16, 16:Xak. XI kat~klrk(sic in MS.) harden oneself', in practice 'to exert oneself, er nl-roc~tltr'l-hncin 'a man of mixed ancestry' striic', and the like. S.i.s.ln.1. in NW and SW, (forexample the son of a free man and a female c.g. Osm. kat~lnn-'to brconle hard', and pcr- slave); also 'one who has a seasoninfi to season haps even N\V Nos. katlan- 'to groxv corns his food' (idh ~.tr'tndnnr hihi) KO$. I 496; on the fcrt'. Tiirkii vrrr ff. Rl;~n. iiziitliig SIII (?) .It. hu njun niazast kntrklig mnm igke edfiu krlinqkn kntljil:il:ttlnr 'they 'the flavour of this world is a rliixcd flavour' exerted themselves to (perform) spiritual work (more bad than good) 437. and good deeds' 7'T II 10, 87-8; o.o. (/,I. 6, 29 I> krdlgl~fiP.N.,'A. fr. kld~g;'ha\-ii:g an edge' (itiqek); Al Ill 21, I (ngi:): IJyg. IS (my sot~s, and the like. N.0.a.h. UyS. VIII ff. Civ. in when vou Croxv up he like tny tc;lcher, serve a list of togek, 'mattress' or the like, two are the x&r) kat~glan'exert yo~~rnelves'Sttci 9: described as kldlgllg USp. 79, I 1-12 (ortug): vrrr ff. R1an.-A nf III 9, 6-8 (udlk): Man. Xak. XI kldtglrg bork 'a hat with a brim kertu torulerte katiglanu 'strivinfi (to sewn onto it' (hildr muxayynf) Kaj. 1496. obey) the true rules' TT111136; am. do. 139: Bud. (if a man) atln atayu taplnu U~U~U 1) kuduglug P.N./A. fr. kudug; n.0.a.b. kataglansar (sic) 'exerts himself to call the Xak. XI kuduglug ev 'a house with a well' names (of the Bodhisattvas) and serve and (bi'r) Knj. 1496. follow them' Ktinn. 85; 0.0. TT I'III A.5 D kadgulug P.N.!A. fr. kadgu:; 'sorrowful, (but-); U III 41, 8 (i) (UZ-); Srro. 235, 12 (1 kc-); 27, ;etc.: 0. Kir. IS katr:- anxious', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. usually as PP ff. kaygiIl/kaygulu. Uyg. vrlr ff. Bud. PP 3, 8 glanip otu:z ya:~irna[n:] 6ge: bolturn 'by (busuglug): Civ. TT 1 217 (busuglug): excrting myself I hecnnie a Cocinsellor at the do. I 2: (Xak.) SIII(?) Trf, kadgulug/kaygulufi/ age of thirty' Mnl. 45, 3; 0.0. 10, 7; I, knyguluk 'sorrowfill' 192-3: Gait xv ff, kay- Xak. XI er katlglandl: 'the man exerted Iiitnscll' (irtnlrnrfn) Ihg. I1 268 (prnv.; kat~g- guluk (sic) gttssnlu trn kny~trltr Vel. 326; lanu:r, kattglanrna:k); a.o. 111 159, 11: kayguluk gntnniik 'sorroivful' Son. 23v. 13; KB (my pnod youth . .) kat~glangrl'exert kayguluk ku~crrgd 'oxvl', in Pe. also called . (sic) V. yourself' 360; o.o. 1317, 2157, 2503, 3638 b~itivrrjr ‘bittern' do. 281 7. (tlren-), 3944: xrlr(?) Trf. (lltti) 204: xrv U kotklllk (kodlkll~k) A.N. fr. kotkl: Mrrh.(?) irtnhnifn, in marpin, kat1kla:n- Rif. (kodlki:); n.o.a.b. Xak. XI kotk~llkintapln- 102 (only): Xwar. SIV katlglan- 'to strive, g11 'serve hini with hurnility' (hz'l-tnwddtr') exert oncsclf' Qitlh 13;: Kom. SIV ditto Knj. I1 140, 9; n.m.e.: XIII(?)At. 270 (kll~k). katulati- CCG; Gr.: KIP. xrv katllan-/ katlan- (sic) tnjnddndn tun ~o6nrn'to exert D katlkstz Priv. N./A. fr. knttk; 'pure, oneself, to persevere' 111. 68 (and see kat~l-). unalloyed', and the like. S.i.s.m.1. Xak. XI KR bir 01 bir katrkslz karlkstz ar~k'(God) is D k~d~glan-Hap. leg.; Rcfl. f. of lcld~&la:-; one, one without adnlixture (tlend.) and pure' in two places with -d- in error for -d-. Xak. XI 3899: SIII(?)A!. 21 I (urn-). ktd~glantlr:ne:n 'the thing \\:as provided 1%-it11 a border or brim' (kifcfrcn !ritrir) Kny. I1 268 D k~dlgslzl'riv. N./A. fr. k~d~g;'without an (kld~filanu:r,k~d~glanrna:k). edge- border', etc. N.0.a.h. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. Stre. 584,12 (UC~UZ):Civ. USp. 79,11 (ortug). D kadgolnn- (kadau:Ian-) Refl. Ilen. V. fr. I1 kadgusuz Priv. N./A. fr. kadgu:; 'free kadgu:: so spclt, hut in a sectinn in which the second vo\rel is by implication Iring. S.i.s.m.1. from grief, anxietv, etc.'. S.i.s.111.l. as kaygrslz as kaygulan-/kayijllan- 'to be anxious, to and the like. Uyg. VIII ff. Rlan.-A M 129. 29 (busuvsuz): (Sak.) rrlr(?) At. tilek~etiril grieve', etc. Xak. XI ol bo: 1:gka: kadgulandi: 6nc fir~gkadgusuz 'live as you wish, at 'he was anxious (ilrtntrrtitn) ahnut this affair' peace, relaxed, and free from ansiety' 415. Knj. Ill 201 (kadgulanu:r, kndgu1nnma:k). VITD kodgulan- (kodgu:lan-) Hap. leg.; Tris. V. GDG- Refl. Den. V. fr. kodgu:; see kadjiulan-. I> katlg1a:- Den. V. fr. katlg; Hap. Icg. and Xak. XI at koc_lgulandl: dnbnbl~n'l-fnrnsu'l- prob. an error for kat~glan-,q.v. Not to be -drrbrih inin nnfsilti 'the home drove the flies confused with the Den. V. fr. katlk, which is away from itself' Kng. I11 201 (kodgutanu:r, first noted in xrv Mlth. .mlnfn 'to mix' katug- kodgu1anma:k). la:- (sic) Mel. 25, 15; kayrgla:- (sic) Rif. 108 and s.i.s.m.1. as katikla-. Uyg. VIII ff. Bud. D kat~glantur-Caus. f. of katlglan-; 'to iglerin tiizgeli ayalaran kavgurup kat~g- urge (sonicone) to exert hirtlself'. N.0.a.b. larnaklar [ol] 'placing their palms together Tiirkii vrrr ff. Man. TT II lo, 88-90