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Ent10 4 411 415 Triapitsyn Et Al.Pm6 Russian Entomol. J. 10 (4): 411415 © RUSSIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL JOURNAL, 2001 Description of a new species of Anagyrus Howard, 1896 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) from Mexico and USA, with a review of economically important species of the genus Íîâûé âèä Anagyrus Howard, 1896 (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae) èç Ìåêñèêè è ÑØÀ ñ îáçîðîì ýêîíîìè÷åñêè âàæíûõ âèäîâ ðîäà V.A. Trjapitzin1,2, S.N. Myartseva2, E. Ruíz-Cancino2 Â. À. Òðÿïèöûí1,2, Ñ.Í.Ìÿðöåâà2, Ý.Ðóèñ Êàíñèíî2 1 Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034 Russia. 1 Çîîëîãè÷åñêèé Èíñòèòóò ÐÀÍ, Óíèâåðñèòåòñêàÿ íàá. 1, Ñàíêò-Ïåòåðáóðã 199 034 Ðîññèÿ. 2 Centro de Investigación, U.A.M. Agronomía y Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Cd. Victoria, Tam. 87149 Mexico. KEY WORDS: Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae, Anagyrus dzhanokmenae sp.n., taxonomy, Mexico, USA, biological control. ÊËÞ×ÅÂÛÅ ÑËÎÂÀ: Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae, Anagyrus dzhanokmenae sp.n., òàêñîíîìèÿ, Ìåê- ñèêà, ÑØÀ, áèîëîãè÷åñêèé ìåòîä áîðüáû ñ âðåäèòåëÿìè. ABSTRACT: Anagyrus dzhanokmenae sp.n. from esquiére, 1958; Aglyptoideus De Santis, 1964; Creme- the States of Baja California Sur (Mexico) and Califor- sina Noyes et Hayat, 1984; and Tongyus Noyes et Hayat, nia (USA), is described. The new species is compared 1984. with A. argyrus (Burks, 1952) from USA. Importance of Judging from the number of already described spe- some Anagyrus species for biological pest control is cies (254), Anagyrus is the second largest genus of discussed; information about 12 species of that kind is Encyrtidae in the world after Metaphycus Mercet, 1917 presented. (having 313 species). Ninety seven species of Anagyrus (i.e. 38%) are ÐÅÇÞÌÅ:  ðàáîòå îïèñàí Anagyrus dzhanokme- known as endoparasitoids of mealybugs (Homoptera: nae sp.n. èç øòàòîâ Íèæíÿÿ Þæíàÿ Êàëèôîðíèÿ Coccoidea: Pseudococcidae); 3 species were reared from (Ìåêñèêà) è Êàëèôîðíèÿ (ÑØÀ). Íîâûé âèä ñðàâ- coccids of the family Eriococcidae: 1) A. bifasciatus íèâàåòñÿ ñ A. argyrus (Burks, 1952) èç ÑØÀ. Ïîä÷¸ð- (Bréthes, 1913) from Eriococcus brasiliensis Cockerell êèâàåòñÿ áîëüøîå çíà÷åíèå íåêîòîðûõ âèäîâ ðîäà (De Santis, 1964 as Paranusia bifasciata) in Argenti- Anagyrus äëÿ áèîëîãè÷åñêîãî ìåòîäà áîðüáû ñ âðå- na; 2) A. hammadae Trjapitzin et Rosanov, 1972, reared äèòåëÿìè è äàíà èíôîðìàöèÿ î 12 òàêèõ âèäàõ. from Acanthococcus salsolae Borchsenius on Hammada leptoclada (M. Pop. ex Iljin) Iljin (fam. Chenopodiaceae) Introduction in Uzbekistan [Trjapitzin, 1972]; and 3) A. quadrimacu- latus Xu et He, 1996, reared from Eriococcus transversus The genus Anagyrus Howard, 1896 belongs to the Green on bamboo in China [Xu et al., 1996]. A. hammad- subtribe Anagyrina, tribe Anagyrini, subfamily Tetrac- ae was also reared from the mealybug Dysmicoccus neminae of the chalcidoid family Encyrtidae. Larvae of multivorus Alexey Kiritshenko in Turkmenistan [Myart- most Encyrtidae are endoparasitoids of insects, but seva & Khartshenko, 1988]. Surprisingly, A. australien- some of them are endoparasitoids of ixodid ticks and sis (Howard, 1898) was reared from pupae of Scymnus predators of coccid eggs. flavifrons Blackburn (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Aus- The type species of the genus Anagyrus is A. greeni tralia [Howard, 1898 as Heterarthrellus]. This is also Howard, 1896 described from Sri Lanka [Howard in: confirmed by the first author (V.A. Trjapitzin), who Howard & Ashmead, 1896]. The synonyms of Anagyrus studied the type series of this species at the National are as follows: Heterarthrellus Howard, 1898; Epidi- Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, nocarsis Girault, 1913; Paranusia Bréthes, 1913; and saw host pupae with exit holes of the parasitoid. Philoponectroma Bréthes, 1913; Doliphoceras Mercet, Study of Anagyrus species is of practical importance 1921;Gyranusa Mercet, 1921; Gyranusia Bréthes, 1921; because of their significant role in natural control of Protanagyrus Ev. Blanchard, 1940; Apoanagyrus Com- different mealybugs. Notes on most important species pere, 1947; Anathrix Burks, 1952; Rhopomorphus Gh- are given below. 412 V.A. Trjapitzin, S.N. Myartseva, E. Ruíz-Cancino 1. Anagyrus aegyptiacus Moursi, 1948. This parasi- 7. Anagyrus fusciventris (Girault, 1915). A. fusci- toid is known to be specific for the mealybug Nipaecoc- ventris was probably introduced from Australia into cus viridis Newstead (earlier identifications: Pseudo- Hawaii between 1904 and 1906 [Noyes, 2000]. In 1936, coccus filamentosus Cockerell, N. filamentosus Cocker- it was shipped from Hawaii to California to control ell and N. vastator Maskell). It heavily damaged Albiz- Pseudococcus longispinus Targioni Tozzetti, a pest of zia lebbeck, an important ornamental tree in Egypt. A Citrus spp.; however, little success has been observed. program was developed during 19331939 for introduc- In 19711976, it was introduced into Israel for biolog- ing its natural enemies from Java. Two parasitoids, ical suppression of P. longispinus in avocado orchards. Anagyrus aegyptiacus and Leptomastix nigrocoxalis It has been reported to provide reliable control together Compere were introduced into Egypt. These introduc- with another encyrtid,Tetracnemoidea peregrina (Com- tions have resulted in a marked decrease of infestations pere, 1939) [Swirski et al., 1988]. of lebbeck trees by N. viridis. In some areas, levels of 8. Anagyrus kamali Moursi, 1948. This Asian spe- parasitism reached 98%, and the mealybug almost dis- cies is an effective parasitoid of the polyphagous pink appeared in many localities [Kamal, 1951; Bartlett, hibiscus mealybug, Maconellicoccus hirsutus Green. It 1978; Noyes & Hayat, 1994; Etzel & Legner, 1999]. The has been successfully imported to Egypt from Java in the parasitoid has infiltrated Israel from Jordan, where it mid-1930s [Noyes & Hayat, 1994], and recently intro- parasitizes N. viridis [Bar-Zakay et al., 1988 (as A. duced into some Caribbean islands from China [Cross & indicus Shafee, Alam et Agarwal, 1975)]. Noyes, 1996; Étienne et al., 1998; IIBC, 1997, 1998; 2. Anagyrus agraensis Saraswat, 1975. This species Sagarra & Vincent, 1999]. was introduced from Guam into Jordan in 19831984 to 9. Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis, 1964). A very impor- control Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead on Citrus spp.; as tant species described from Argentina [De Santis, 1964, a result, populations of this mealybug were greatly as Apoanagyrus]. In 1981, A lopezi, collected in Para- reduced by 1985 [Meyerdirk et al., 1988 (as A. indicus); guay, was imported to Nigeria to control the mealybug Noyes & Hayat, 1994]. Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero, a dangerous pest 3. Anagyrus ananatis Gahan, 1949. This species was of cassava, Manihot esculenta, in many tropical coun- imported into Hawaii from Brazil, and then from Hawaii tries. Cassava is a root crop that serves as a major energy into Puerto Rico in 19351938 to control the pineapple source for 300500 million people in approximately 30 mealybug Dysmicoccus brevipes Cockerell [González- countries in tropical regions of the world. A. lopezi Hernández et al., 1999; Noyes, 2000]. It has contributed rapidly established in 25 African countries and became to partial control of this pest in Hawaii. an efficient control agent of the cassava mealybug. The 4. Anagyrus antoninae Timberlake, 1920. A well- cost-benefit ratio of the project has been estimated to be known parasitoid of the Rhodes grass mealybug Anton- 1:149 [Bellotti et al., 1999; Kogan et al., 1999]. ina graminis Maskell. It is most likely to originate from 10. Anagyrus pseudococci (Girault, 1915). A widely Oriental Asia, from where it infiltrated some other distributed and effective parasitoid of Planococcus citri regions [Bartlett, 1978]. It was introduced into the USA (Risso) on Citrus spp. and fig trees [Myartseva & Niya- (Texas, Louisiana, and Florida) from Hawaii, and from zov, 1986; Noyes & Hayat, 1994]. In Turkmenistan, A. Texas into Mexico. However, A antoninae was dis- pseudococci adapted to parasitize an introduced pest, placed in Texas by another introduced encyrtid, Neo- the Comstock mealybug Pseudococcus comstocki Ku- dusmetia sangwani (Subba Rao, 1957) of Indian origin wana. An increase in the levels of parasitism on natural [Schuster & Dean, 1976]. The same situation probably populations of P. comstocki was observed [Myartseva, occurred in Mexico [Trjapitzin, 1998]. The introduction 1986, 1987]. of A antoninae into Brazil has resulted in complete 11. Anagyrus sacharicola Timberlake, 1932. A well- control of A. graminis [Ferrer, 1995]. known parasitoid of the mealybug Saccharicoccus saccha- 5. Anagyrus dactylopii (Howard, 1898). An impor- ri Cockerell on sugarcane of South- or East-Asian origin. It tant parasitoid of mealybugs in South and South-East has been imported to Hawaii from the Philippines in the Asia. The species was imported into Hawaii from Hong 1930s. This introducion has resulted in a spectacular reduc- Kong in 1925 to control Nipaecoccus viridis Newstead tion of pest amounts. Later it was introduced into some on Citrus spp. This introduction was a complete success other countries, such as Australia, Peru, etc. [Noyes, 2000]. [Fullaway, 1952]. It infiltrated many countries (e.g., Mexico) by ecesis 6. Anagyrus diversicornis (Howard, 1894). A Neo- [Trjapitzin, 1998; Trjapitzin & Ruíz-Cancino, 2000]. tropical species. An outbreak of the cassava mealybug, 12. Anagyrus sp. aff. kivuensis Compere. 1939. A Pseudococcus herreni Cox et Williams, was observed parasitoid of the coffee mealybug Phanococcus kenyae on Manihot
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