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Direct from the Field: a Guide to Bullying Prevention

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Direct from the Field: a Guide to Bullying Prevention Direct From the Field: A Guide to Bullying Prevention By Laura Parker-Roerden, David Rudewick, and Donald Gorton A Joint Project of The Governor’s Task Force on Hate Crimes, The Massachusetts Commission on Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Transgender Youth, and the Massachusetts Department of Public Health Deval L. Patrick Massachusetts Governor Timothy P. Murray Lieutenant Governor Commonwealth of Massachusetts Acknowledgements The publishers gratefully acknowledge everyone who participated in making this Guide possible. The primary author of the initial draft was Laura Parker Roerden. Her project director, principal collaborator, and co-author was David Rudewick, the Student Civil Rights Director of the Governor’s Task Force on Hate Crimes. Editing, supplementation, and other pre-publication work were done by Donald Gorton, Co-Chair of the Massachusetts Governor’s Task Force on Hate Crimes. Sarah Farmer, consultant to the Massachusetts Department of Public Health revised, proofread, and reformatted the Guide for publication in 2007. Sarah Farmer also developed the section on “Helping Kids with Disabilities.” Legal information was contributed by Donald Gorton, who is a lawyer in Massachusetts. Graphic design work was done by David Rudewick, Donald Gorton, and Sarah Farmer. After a long delay following initial completion, Commissioner John Auerbach of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health brought the Guide to publication in 2007. Assisting in the lengthy process of completing this project were Kathleen Henry, Chair of the former Massachusetts Governor’s Commission on Gay and Lesbian Youth; Carlene Pavlos, Director of Violence Prevention of the Massachusetts Department of Public Health; Paula Tessier of the Safe Spaces for GLBT Youth program of DPH; Susan Prosnitz, Co-Chair of the Governor’s Task Force on Hate Crimes; Assistant Commissioner John Bynoe of the Department of Education; and Jim Brinning of the Governor’s Task Force on Hate Crimes. Principal funders were the Governor’s Task Force on Hate Crimes and the Department of Public Health. Support was also provided by the Massachusetts Gay and Lesbian Anti-Violence Project and the Boston Gay Rights Fund. Assisting with review and proofreading were Ron Donaghe, Carlene Pavlos, Paula Tessier, David Gallagher, Larry Dean Hamilton, Richard Scramstad, Mark Roeder, Ken Clark, Bryan Fithian, and Mary Tittman. Finally, cooperating schools throughout the Commonwealth of Massachusetts provided the source information from which the content for this endeavor was derived. This document is published in 2007 in Boston, but is not copyrighted. Users should feel free to borrow from this Guide without further permission, but with attribution. 2 Direct From the Field: A Guide to Bullying Prevention Table of Contents Introduction___________________________________________ 6 Goals of This Guide ________________________________________________________ 7 How This Guide Was Developed ____________________________________________ 7 Research That Informs This Guide __________________________________________ 8 How to Use This Guide _____________________________________________________ 9 Chapter-by-Chapter Overview ______________________________________________ 9 The Importance of Language ______________________________________________ 10 A Word Before You Get Started ____________________________________________ 11 Chapter 1: Understanding Bullying_______________________ 12 Common Myths About Bullying ____________________________________________ 12 How Bullying Affects Young People ________________________________________ 19 How Do You Know It’s Bullying? ___________________________________________ 20 Is it a Hate Crime? ________________________________________________________ 20 The Time is Ripe: Adolescence and Bullying________________________________ 23 Risks and Opportunities Related to Adolescence____________________________ 23 Gender Oppression and Adolescent Girls___________________________________ 25 Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Youth Issues ______________ 26 Resources for LGBT Youth and Educators__________________________________ 27 Flirting or Hurting: Sexual Harassment at School____________________________ 28 Cyberbullying ____________________________________________________________ 29 Hazing: The “Wrongs” of Passage _________________________________________ 31 Chapter 2: Bullying Prevention Practice __________________ 33 Keys to Bullying Prevention _______________________________________________ 33 Ingredients for School-wide Success_______________________________________ 34 What is Social Learning Theory?___________________________________________ 36 More Ingredients for Success: Developing Student Assets___________________ 37 3 Supporting Assets through School Practice ________________________________ 39 It Takes a Village: Widening the Circle______________________________________ 40 Tools at the Ready: Creating a Caring School Community ___________________ 41 Group Agreements for Behavior ___________________________________________ 42 Anti-Bullying and Harassment Policies _____________________________________ 44 A Clear System of Consequences __________________________________________ 48 Communicate Your Policies to Stakeholders________________________________ 49 The Role of Rituals________________________________________________________ 50 Positive Reinforcement and Role Modeling _________________________________ 51 Teach Pro-social Skills ____________________________________________________ 55 Use Cooperative Learning Techniques _____________________________________ 56 Apply Action Research ____________________________________________________ 57 The Importance of Training ________________________________________________ 58 What Does Character Have to Do with It? ___________________________________ 59 The Critical Role of Adults_________________________________________________ 60 Lessons from Character Education ________________________________________ 60 Tying It All Together: Integrating Prevention Efforts _________________________ 62 Legal Issues Related to Bullying: Massachusetts Laws ______________________ 62 Applicable Laws __________________________________________________________ 63 Cooperate with Law Enforcement __________________________________________ 65 Choosing a Program in Social and Emotional Learning ______________________ 65 Recommended Bullying Prevention Programs and Resources _______________ 66 Chapter 3:Classroom Prevention Tools for Teachers________ 69 No Classroom is an Island_________________________________________________ 69 Steps to Leadership: Get Out of the Trenches_______________________________ 71 Tools at the Ready: Classroom Applications ________________________________ 73 Teasing vs. Taunting______________________________________________________ 74 Class Meetings ___________________________________________________________ 75 Constructive Disciplining__________________________________________________ 76 Exploring Behavior Problems: Needs, Weeds, Seeds, and Deeds _____________ 77 The Power of Rituals ______________________________________________________ 80 Positive Reinforcement and Role Modeling _________________________________ 82 Teaching Pro-Social Skills and Awareness _________________________________ 84 4 Launching the Classroom Component______________________________________ 85 Moving From Bystanders to Allies _________________________________________ 87 The Power Demonstration _________________________________________________ 88 Be a Bullying Buster ______________________________________________________ 89 Curriculum Connections __________________________________________________ 92 Five Steps for Sending Assertive Messages ________________________________ 92 Telling is Not Tattling _____________________________________________________ 93 Address Issues of Bias, Privilege, and Oppression __________________________ 93 Cooperative Learning _____________________________________________________ 94 Action Research __________________________________________________________ 95 Helping Kids with Disabilities ______________________________________________ 96 Social Skills and Bullying Prevention Curricula for Middle School ____________ 98 Chapter 4:Interventions That Help Bullies, Targets, and their Families ____________________________________________ 100 Warning Signs of Bullying ________________________________________________ 100 Responding to Bullying __________________________________________________ 101 Targeting as a Symptom of School Climate Problems ______________________ 102 Teach Assertiveness Skills to All Students ________________________________ 102 Build Self-Esteem________________________________________________________ 103 Working with Bullies _____________________________________________________ 104 Responding To Hate _____________________________________________________ 107 A Note for Parents _______________________________________________________ 108 Chapter 5: A Power Play for Peace, Cool Tools for Students_ 109 It’s All About Power______________________________________________________ 109 You’ve Got the POWER! __________________________________________________ 110 20 Things You Can Do When Someone is Being Bullied ____________________ 112 Personal Bullying Buster Pledge __________________________________________ 112 Widening the Circle of Caring: A Student Project___________________________ 113 Activity: Heal the Hate! ___________________________________________________ 114 In Conclusion…______________________________________
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