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Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations.
abolitionist movement, 45, 110–111, 131, Louisa May on lifestyle of, 106–107 175, 178, 212–213. See also slavery on Louisa May’s writing, 219 Adams, Charles Francis, 151–152 refuge for John Brown’s daughters, Aesthetic Papers, 153, 156 208–209 alcohol, 102, 155, 160–161, 167–168, 176, “The Ruin” built by, 147–148, 169 187–188 on slavery, 161–163 Alcott, Abigail May “Abba” (wife), 37, 40, tax protest by, 110–111 63–66, 105, 108, 111, 118, 184 Temple School, 36–41, 51, 63, 95 Boston move by, 150–151 Thoreau and, 73, 129, 139, 142, 163, on daughter’s death, 195, 197–198 164, 166, 183–184, 209–210 Dove Cottage lifestyle and, 106–107 titles of works by Hawthorne’s views on, 207–208 Conversations on the Gospels, 87 Hillside purchase and, 125 “Man: His History, Resources, and on Louisa May’s Civil War role, 218 Expectations,” 151 on sharing household with Emersons, “Orphic Sayings,” 84 86–87 Psyche, Or the Breath of Childhood, 37, Alcott, Amos Bronson, 2, 35–37, 43–44, 49 107, 150–151, 223 Record of a School, 49–51 on communal living, 103–104 vegetarianism and, 65–66, 103–105 Concord School of Philosophy, 236 at Walden, 129, 130 as Concord Schools superintendent, Alcott, Anna (daughter), 84–85, 106, 151, 201–202, 210–211, 224 184, 202, 232 “conversations” by, 73, 84, 151, 156, Alcott, Elizabeth “Beth,” “Lizzie” 183–184, 229–230 (daughter), 49, 85, 106, 135–136, 184, death of, 236COPYRIGHTED 195,MATERIAL 197–198 at Eagleswood school, 192 Alcott, Louisa May (daughter), 37, 85, 108, Emerson and, 35, 39–40, 43–45, 48–49, 151 63, 66, 230–231, 233–234 on Alcott family life, 106–107, 183–184, England trip by, 95 210–211 financial problems of, 63–66, 83–87, as Civil War volunteer, 211, 217–219 105, 118–119 Emerson and, 106–107, 150, 202, 226–227 at Fruitlands, 112–113, 117–118 Hospital Sketches, 219 Hawthorne and, 207–208, 221–222 Little Women, 224 Hillside and, 125, 135–137, 168–169, 195 “Love and Self-Love,” 201–202 Lane and, 104–106 on sisters’ deaths, 197–198, 232–233
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Alcott, May (daughter), 224, 232–233 Channing, William Ellery, 13, 37, 85 Alcott House, 95, 103 Church Review, 158 Allston, Washington, 40 Civil War, 211, 215–217. See also Lincoln, “American Civilization” (Emerson), 213–214 Abraham; slavery American Notes (Dickens), 90–91 Clarke, James Freeman, 221 “American Scholar, The” (Emerson), 52–53 Clay, Henry, 121, 162 Anti-Slavery Society, 190–191 Clay (Natural element), 40 Atlantic Monthly, 201, 215 Cleveland, Arthur, 158 Colesworthy, Nancy, 42, 43 Bancroft, George, 80 Collins, James, 129–130 Barnburners, 151 communal living, 87–88, 96, 103–104 Beecher, Henry Ward, 191–192, 193 Brook Farm, 87, 96, 103, 127, 128, 148, Beecher, James, 218 166 Beecher, Lyman, 5 Fruitlands, 112–113, 117–118 “Beecher’s Bibles,” 192, 201 Compromise of 1850, 161–163, 165–166, Bildung, 13 175, 177–178 blacks Concord, Massachusetts, 3–9, 8, 9, 33–34, as Civil War soldiers, 218 236 Dred Scott decision, 194 Alcott as school superintendent, at Temple School, 51 201–202, 224 See also slavery Center Grammar School, 57–58 Blithedale Romance, The (Hawthorne), Civil War volunteers from, 211 166–168 Concord Lyceum, 131 Booth, John Wilkes, 222 Emerson welcomed home by, 227–228 “border ruffians,” 190 Fair Haven fire and, 120 Boston Transcript, 217 Revolutionary War, 5, 7, 52, 229 Bowdoin College, 80 Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, 216, 221, Bradford, George, 30, 43 235 Breckinridge, John C., 208 Conduct of Life (Emerson), 202–205 Bridge, Horatio, 128–129, 158, 176, 211 “conversations” Brook Farm, 87, 96, 103, 127, 128, 148, Alcott, 73, 84, 151, 156, 183–184, 166 229–230 Brown, John, 191, 194–195, 199–200, 209 Emerson, 68–70, 186–187 Brown, Lucy Jackson, 29–30, 42, 43, Fuller, 75 55–60, 73 Conversations on the Gospels (Alcott), 87 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 196 Conversation with Children on the Gospels Browning, Robert, 196 (Alcott, Peabody), 50–51 Brownson, Orestes A., 62, 158–159 Conway, Moncure, 176, 178, 213 Buchanan, James, 190, 192, 198–199 Coolidge, John T., 40 Bulkeley, Peter, 4 Burns, Anthony, 177–178 Darwin, Charles, 47 the Bush, 34–35, 40–41, 46, 73, 75, 123, Davis, Jefferson, 178, 211 142–144, 145, 226–227 Democratic Party, 122, 151, 157, 169–170, Butler, William O., 151 190, 208 Dial, 76, 79, 103, 110, 120, 124 Calvinism, 1–2, 10, 17 Dickens, Charles, 90–91 Carlyle, Thomas, 23, 58, 66, 67 “Disunionists,” 178, 200 Cass, Lewis, 151 Douglas, Stephen A., 177, 199 Center Grammar School, 57–58 Dove Cottage, 83–84, 104–107 Channing, Ellery, 116–117, 130, 143, 151, Dred Scott decision, 194 202, 223 drowning, of Martha Hunt, 116–117, 166 bindex.qxd 5/25/06 11:20 AM Page 241
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Eagleswood, 192 on Burns incident, 177–178 education, 1–2, 143–144 the Bush and, 34–35, 41, 142–144 of Alcott children, 106, 143 childhood of, 7–8 Conversation with Children on the Gospels on communal living, 87–88, 103–104, (Alcott, Peabody), 50–51 117–118 discipline and, 40, 57–58 death of, 235–236 of Emerson children, 143–144 on death of son, 94–95 Psyche, Or the Breath of Childhood decline of, 224–235 (Alcott), 37, 49 education of, 8–10, 12–14 Record of a School (Alcott), 49–51 Elizabeth Alcott and, 136 Temple School, 36–41, 51, 63, 95 fame of, 91–92, 114 Thoreau on, 57–58 financial position of, 51–52, 66–67, 86, See also Alcott, Amos Bronson 93, 119, 125, 128, 218–219 emancipation, 121–122, 208, 212–213, Fuller and, 74–76, 97–99 217, 218. See also slavery German influence on, 11–14, 23 Emerson, Charles (brother), 5, 6, 11, 16, Hawthorne and, 79–80, 96, 101–102, 27, 34, 35, 42, 45 114–116, 124, 141–142, 221–222 Alcott and, 44 on labor, 86–87, 137 on brother’s sermon, 22–23 Lane and, 112–113 at the Bush, 41 lecturing by, 148–150, 184–187 death of, 46–47, 80 Louisa May Alcott and, 106–107, 150, Emerson, Edith (daughter), 93, 145, 146, 202, 226–227 169, 223, 228 on “Manifest Destiny,” 134–135 Emerson, Edward (brother), 6, 11, 14, 18, marriage to Ellen, 16–21, 51, 74 23, 27 marriage to Lidian, 30–35, 41–43 Emerson, Edward (son), 145, 224, 226–227, as minister, 6, 16–27 231–232 on nineteenth century inventions, 225 Emerson, Ellen Tucker (daughter), 74, 135, Old Manse and, 3–7, 8, 9, 127, 227 194, 226–228 skating incident and, 109–110 Emerson, Ellen Tucker (first wife), 16–21, on slavery, 14–16, 121–123, 162–163, 51, 74 165–166 Emerson, Lidian (Jackson, Lydia) (second Sturgis and, 94, 147, 159 wife), 29–30, 44, 66–67, 73–74, as teacher, 10–12 142–144, 145, 235–236 Thoreau and, 55–60, 71, 76, 87–88, 93, clairvoyance of, 30, 73–74 142, 148–150, 153–155, 178–179 Dial, 76 titles of works by Fuller and, 74–76, 97–99 “American Civilization,” 213–214 health of, 92–93, 120–121 “The American Scholar,” 52–53 Louisa May Alcott on, 226 Conduct of Life, 202–205 marriage of, 30–35, 41–43 Dial, 76, 79, 103, 110, 120, 124 Sophia Hawthorne and, 135, 168 Essay on Nature, 1, 46–49, 97 Thoreau and, 113–114, 120–121, 148–150 “On the Anniversary of the “Transcendental Bible,” 75–76 Emancipation of the Negroes in the Transcendental Club and, 53 British West Indies,” 121 Emerson, Mary Moody (aunt), 5, 7, 8, 20, “The Over-Soul,” 90 23, 35, 36, 41–42, 91 Poems, 144, 147 Emerson, Phebe (grandmother), 5 “Politics,” 111–112 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1–2, 9, 52, 83, “The Sphinx,” 144 88–91, 109–110, 145, 146, 168–169 “Terminus,” 224–225 Alcott and, 35, 39–40, 43–45, 63, 66, “Threnody,” 94–95 230–231, 233–234 on Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 175 bindex.qxd 5/25/06 11:20 AM Page 242
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Emerson, Ralph Waldo (continued) Fruitlands, 112–113, 117–118 on U.S.-Mexican War, 139–140 Fugitive Slave Law, 161–163, 175 views on Lincoln, 209, 213–215, 222 Fuller, Margaret, 53, 74–76, 99, 106–107, views on Whitman, 192 144, 157 Walden Pond and, 124, 130 “conversations” by, 75 See also religion; slavery; death of, 159, 163 transcendentalism Dial, 79, 103 Emerson, Robert Bulkeley (brother), 7, Emerson and, 74–76, 97–99 10–11 “Great Lawsuit, The,” 124–125 Emerson, Ruth (mother), 3–7, 8, 16, 41, 42 on marriage, 97–98 Emerson, Susan (sister-in-law), 119 on rights of women, 124–125 Emerson, Waldo (great-uncle), 42 Woman in the Nineteenth Century, Emerson, Waldo “Wallie” (son), 67, 88, 124–125 93–95 “futurity,” 73 Emerson, William (brother), 14, 16, 34, 40, 46, 86, 87–88, 218–219 Garrison, William Lloyd, 45, 178 education of, 8 George III, king of England, 229 financial problems of, 51–52 Gilded Age, 224 girls’ school of, 10, 11 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 13, 150 Thoreau and, 113–114, 119 Goodwin, E.C., 142–144 Emerson, William (father), 5, 7 Grant, Ulysses S., 217 Emerson, William (grandfather), 4–5, 6, 7 “Great Lawsuit, The” (Fuller), 124–125 entrapment by things, Thoreau on, 180–181 Greeley, Horace, 124–125, 144, 192–193 Essay on Nature (Emerson), 1, 46–49, 97 Evidences of the Genuineness of the Gospels, Harpers Ferry raid, 199–200 The (Norton), 70 Harvard College, 8–10, 49 evolution, 47 Alcott honored by, 230 “The American Scholar” (Emerson), Fair Haven fire, 120 52–53 Fanshawe (Hawthorne), 166 Emerson honored by, 224 Farragut, David G., 218 Thoreau as student, 55, 61–62 Fields, Annie, 220 Thoreau’s letter to, 149, 153 Fields, James, 158, 161, 166, 175, 178–179, Harvard Divinity School, 12–14, 16, 68–70 215, 220, 221 Haskins, David Greene, 71 54th Massachusetts regiment, 218 Hawthorne, Julian (son), 148, 159–160, Fillmore, Millard, 151, 161, 162–163 169, 196–197, 207–208, 211, 218 First North Carolina Colored Volunteers, Hawthorne, Louisa (sister), 174 218 Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 2, 79–83, 81, 87, First Church, 7 101–102, 208 Foord, Sophia, 143, 150 on alcohol, 160–161, 176, 187–188 “Footprints on the Seashore” (Hawthorne), Alcott and, 207–208, 221–222 79 Bridge and, 128–129 Forbes, Edith Emerson, 146, 223, 228 Brook Farm and, 87, 96, 127, 128, 148, Forbes, John, 223–224, 225 166 Forbes, William, 223, 228 on Civil War, 211–212 Frémont, John C., 192 consul appointment of, 175–176, friendship 187–188, 192 Emerson on, 88–89 courtship with Sophia, 80, 83–84 Thoreau on, 153 death of, 219–222 Frost, Barzillai, 68 drowning incident and, 116–117, 166 bindex.qxd 5/25/06 11:20 AM Page 243
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Emerson and, 79–80, 96, 101–102, Hoar, Elizabeth, 35, 46–47, 53, 80, 95, 96, 114–116, 124, 141–142, 221–222 101, 163 financial problems of, 119–120, Hoar, Samuel, 111, 134, 227 127–128, 140–141, 157, 188–189 Holland, Charles, 188 as laborer, 80, 96–97 Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 53, 161, 220, 221 marriage of, 99–100, 156–157 Hosmer, Homer, 130, 164 Monday Night Club and, 109–110 Hospital Sketches (Louisa May Alcott), 219 Old Manse and, 95–97, 100, 109, House of the Seven Gables, The 127–128, 140–141 (Hawthorne), 159 Pierce biography by, 170–174 Hunt, Martha, 116–117, 166 political views of, 135, 140, 166 Salem Custom House job of, 135, 140, immortality, Emerson on, 204 148, 157, 159 intellect, Emerson on, 89 skating incident, 109–110 Ireland, Alexander, 185–186 Thoreau and, 100–101, 131, 156 titles of works by Jackson, Andrew, 3, 45, 51 The Blithedale Romance, 166–168 Jackson, Charles, 29–30, 225 Fanshawe (Hawthorne), 166–167 Jackson, Lucy. See Brown, Lucy Jackson “Footprints on the Seashore,” 79 Jackson, Lydia. See Emerson, Lidian The House of the Seven Gables, 159 (Jackson, Lydia) (second wife) The Marble Faun, 205–207 Jefferson, Thomas, 5 Mosses from an Old Manse, 140–141 Our Old Home, 217, 220–221 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 177–178, 190–192, The Scarlet Letter, 157–159, 188–189 194–195, 198–199 Twice-Told Tales, 79, 120 Kant, Immanuel, 13–14 Una’s illness and, 196–197 Kent, William A., 16 views on women writers, 175 Kirkland, John T., 10 in Washington, 215–216 at Wayside (Hillside), 168–169, 195, labor, 80, 85–87, 96–97 205, 207, 209 Lane, Charles, 104–106, 110, 112–113, 118 Hawthorne, Rose (daughter), 160, 169 Lane, William, 104, 118 Hawthorne, Sophia Peabody (wife), 80, 82, Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 192 83–84, 101, 109–110, 159, 170 Lee, Robert E., 200, 218 daughter’s illness and, 196–197 Lenox, Massachusetts, 159–160 at Hillside, 168–169, 195 Lincoln, Abraham, 137, 211 husband’s illness and, 217–218, 220 Alcott’s views on, 209 Lidian Emerson and, 135, 168 assassination of, 222 marriage of, 99–100, 156–157, 160 Emancipation Proclamation, 208, 217, Old Manse and, 95–97, 127–128, 218 140–141 Emerson’s views on, 209, 213–215, 222 at Wayside, 205, 207, 209 Hawthorne’s views on, 216 Hawthorne, Una (daughter), 119, 159–160, presidential campaign, 201, 208–209 168–169, 196–197, 215, 217, 227 Senate race of, 199 Hayes, Rutherford B., 185 Thoreau’s views on, 209, 212 Hedge, Frederic Henry, 13, 48–49 Lincoln, Mary, 214 Hilda (Hawthorne character), 205–207 Little Women (Louisa May Alcott), 224 Hilliard, George, 157 Liverpool, England, 189 Hillside, 125, 135, 164, 168, 195, 207, 209 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 13, 221, Hitty (maid), 42, 43 230 Hoar, Edward, 120 Loring, Edward G., 178 bindex.qxd 5/25/06 11:20 AM Page 244
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“Love and Self-Love” (Louisa May Alcott), Ossoli, Giovanni Angelo, 159 201–202 O’Sullivan, John, 134, 140, 176 Lowell, James Russell, 53, 221 Our Old Home (Hawthorne), 217, Lydia (cook), 86–87 220–221
Madison, James, 8 Parker, Theodore, 70, 76 “Man: His History, Resources, and Peabody, Elizabeth “Lizzie,” 35, 37, 39, 70, Expectations” (Alcott), 151 75, 85–86, 119 “Manifest Destiny,” 134–135, 177 Aesthetic Papers, 153, 156 Mann, Horace, 109, 166, 170 Conversation with Children on the Gospels, Mann, Horace, Jr., 212 50–51 Mann, Mary Peabody, 35, 109, 156, 166 Hawthorne and, 79–80, 160, 175, 189 Marble Faun, The (Hawthorne), 205–207 on Pierce candidacy, 170 Martineau, Harriet, 45–46, 95 Peabody, Mary. See Mann, Mary Peabody Mather, Cotton, 18 Peabody, Sophia. See Hawthorne, Sophia Mather, Increase, 18 Peabody (wife) McClellan, George, 216 Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 37 Melville, Herman, 160–161, 176 Phillips, Wendell, 131 Mexico. See U.S.-Mexican War Pierce, Franklin, 128–129, 148, 177–178, Missouri Compromise, 195 196–197 Monday Night Club, 123 biography of, 170–174 Monroe and Co., 153 with Hawthorne at death, 220–222 Morison, Samuel Eliot, 1 presidential campaign, 167, 169–176 Mosses from an Old Manse (Hawthorne), Pierce, Jane, 174 140–141 Poems (Emerson), 144, 147 Muir, John, 225 “Politics” (Emerson), 111–112 Murat, Achille, 14–16 Polk, James K., 121–122, 134, 137 Murat, Caroline, 14 Pond Lily, 101, 116–117 Musketaquid, 71–72, 100–101 “popular sovereignty,” 177, 199 Pratt, Anna Alcott, 84–85, 106, 151, 184, Napoleon Bonaparte, 14 202, 232 nature. See Essay on Nature (Emerson); Pratt, John, 202 Walden; or, Life in the Woods Psyche, Or the Breath of Childhood (Alcott), (Thoreau); Walden Pond 37, 49 Nebraska, 190. See also Kansas-Nebraska Putnam, George, 49 Act New Views of Christianity, Society and the Quincy, Josiah, 39–40, 51 Church (Brownson), 62 New York Times, 235 railroads, 114, 129, 225 Norton, Andrews, 70 Record of a School (Alcott), 49–51 religion Old Manse, 3–7, 9, 95–97, 100, 109, Alcott on, 37, 39–40, 44, 85 127–128, 140–141, 227 Brownson on, 62 “On the Anniversary of the Emancipation Calvinism, 1–2, 10, 17 of the Negroes in the British West communion, 6, 21 Indies” (Emerson), 121 Emerson on, 20–22, 24–26, 67–70, Orchard House, 195, 201, 208–209, 236 68–70, 203 Oregon, 121, 134 Thoreau on, 91–92 “Orphic Sayings” (Alcott), 84 Unitarian Church, 6, 10, 13, 17, 30, 68 Osgood, James R., 53 Republican Party, 192, 199, 201 bindex.qxd 5/25/06 11:20 AM Page 245
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“Resistance to Civil Government” “Sphinx, The” (Emerson), 144 (Thoreau), 153–156 Spirit (Supernatural element), 40, 48 Retrospect of Western Travel (Martineau), Staples, Sam, 111, 138, 216 45–46 Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 175, 189–190 Revolutionary War, 5, 7, 52, 229 Sturgis, Caroline, 94, 147, 159 Ripley, Elizabeth, 227 success (financial), Emerson on, 204–205 Ripley, George, 49, 87 Sumner, Charles, 213 Ripley, Ezra, 5–7, 55, 57, 70, 71, 92 Ripley, Samuel, 95, 97, 127–128 Tappan, Caroline Sturgis, 94, 147, 159 Ripley, Sarah, 53 Tappan, William Aspinwall, 159 “The Ruin,” 147–148, 169 taxes Alcott on, 110–111 Salem, Massachusetts, 80, 135, 140, 148, Thoreau on, 91–92, 137–139, 153 156 Taylor, Edward, 23 Sanborn, Franklin, 194 Taylor, Zachary, 134, 137, 151–152, 157, Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne), 157–159, 161 188–189 Temple School, 36–41, 51, 63, 95 Scott, Dred, 194–195 “Terminus” (Emerson), 224–225 Scott, Winfield, 148, 151, 171–173 Texas, 110, 121, 134 Seamen’s Mission, 23 Thoreau, Cynthia (mother), 91–92, 114, Second Church, 18, 45 119, 129 self-reliance Thoreau, Helen (sister), 111 Emerson on, 89 Thoreau, Henry David, 2, 47, 59, 113, 133, Thoreau on, 130–131, 181–183 151 Sewall, Edmund, 72 Alcott and, 73, 129, 139, 142, 163, 164, Sewall, Ellen, 72–74, 76–77, 216 166, 183–184, 209–210 Seward, William, 214, 222 civil disobedience by, 91–92, 137–139, Shakers, 101–102, 113, 118 153 skating incident, 109–110 Conway meeting with, 176 slavery death of, 210, 212, 216–217, 223 abolitionist movement, 45, 110–111, Ellen Sewall and, 72–73, 76–77, 216 131, 175, 178, 212–213 on emancipation, 121–122 British opinion of, 189–190 Emerson and, 55–60, 71, 76, 87–88, 93, Burns incident, 177–178 142, 148–150, 153–155, 178–179 Compromise of 1850, 161–163, 165–166, Fair Haven fire and, 120 177–178 at Harvard, 55, 61–62 Douglas, Lincoln Senate race and, 199 Hawthorne and, 100–101, 131, 156 Dred Scott decision, 194–195 John Brown and, 194–195, 199–200 emancipation, 121–122, 208, 212–213, as laborer, 86 217, 218 lecturing by, 156 Emerson on, 14–16, 121–123, 131, 134 Lidian Emerson and, 113–114, 120–121, Harper’s Ferry raid, 199–200 148–150 Hawthorne’s biography of Pierce and, Lucy Brown and, 55–57 170–174 Musketaquid, 71–72 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 177–178, resigned from church, 91–92 190–192, 194–195, 198–199 “The Ruin” built by, 147–148, 169 Thoreau on, 137–138, 153–156, 179–180 self-described professions of, 149, 153, Whig Party and, 151 202 “Slavery in Massachusetts” (Thoreau), 178 skating incident and, 110 Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, 216, 221, 235 as teacher, 57–58, 71–72 bindex.qxd 5/25/06 11:20 AM Page 246
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Thoreau, Henry David (continued) U.S.-Mexican War, 134–135, 137–138, titles of works by 139–140, 148, 151 “Resistance to Civil Government,” annexation of Texas and, 110, 121, 153–156 134 “Slavery in Massachusetts,” 178 in Pierce biography, 171–173 Walden; or, Life in the Woods, 129–131, 132, 164, 179–183 Van Buren, Martin, 121, 151–152 A Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers, 153, 176 Walden; or, Life in the Woods (Thoreau), Underground Railway and, 162, 178 129–131, 132, 164, 179–183 Whitman and, 193–194 Walden Pond, 60, 114, 124, 129–131, 149, William Emerson and, 113–114, 119 207 See also Walden Pond Ward, Mrs. Joseph, 72, 111 Thoreau, John (brother), 55, 71–72, 72–73, Ward, Prudence, 72, 77 76–77, 93, 129 Ware, Henry, 18 Thoreau, John (father), 55, 120, 202 War of 1812, 7–8 Thoreau, Maria (aunt), 139 Wayside, 205, 207, 209 Thoreau, Sophia (sister), 132 Webster, Daniel, 14, 16, 18, 162 “Threnody” (Emerson), 94–95 Week on the Concord and Merrimac Rivers, Ticknor, William, 175, 179, 219–220 A (Thoreau), 153, 176 transcendentalism, 1–2, 14 Weld, Theodore, 192 “The Over-Soul” (Emerson), 90 Whig Party, 121–122, 151, 157, 170 “pilgrims” of, 75, 114–116 Whitman, Walt, 192–193 “Transcendental Bible” (Lidian Williams, Henry, 162 Emerson), 75–76 Winslow House, 29–30, 41 Transcendental Club, 49, 53, 62 Woman in the Nineteenth Century (Fuller), transcendental philosophy and, 13–14 124–125 Trent, 214 women Tucker, Bezaleel, 16 “conversations” for, by Fuller, 75 Tucker, Ellen. See Emerson, Ellen Tucker Hawthorne’s views on women writers, (first wife) 175 Twice-Told Tales (Hawthorne), 79, 120 rights of, 124–125 Tyler, John, 110–111, 121–122 in Transcendental Club, 53 Wordsworth, William, 23, 39 Uncle Tom’s Cabin (Stowe), 175 Workingman’s Party, 62 Underground Railway, 161–163, 178 Wright, Henry, 104, 113 Unitarian Church, 6, 10, 13, 17, 30, 68 United States Congress, 134, 195 Yale, 10