Breaking Free from Nuclear Deterrence
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The Weird Nukes of Yesteryear
The Cold War produced some oddball weapons. Here are three of them. The “Davy Crockett,” shown here mounted on a tripod at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, was the smallest nuclear warhead ever developed by the US. The Weird Nukes DOD photo end of a series of thermonuclear bombs initiated in 1950. This followed the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb of Yesteryear in 1949, several years before Western By Norman Polmar and Robert S. Norris intelligence agencies expected such an event. y the time the Cold War reached some concern about whether they could It was the era of “bigger is better.” its height in the late 1960s, the be carried in aircraft, due to size. The The zenith of “big bombs” would be American nuclear arsenal had “Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima seen on Oct. 30, 1961, when the Soviet grown to more than 31,000 tipped the scales at 9,700 pounds, and Union detonated (at Novaya Zemlya in Bweapons. The Army, Navy, Air Force, the “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki the Arctic) a thermonuclear bomb that and even the Marine Corps worked weighed 10,300 pounds. The immediate produced an explosion equivalent to to acquire weapons for the “nuclear follow-on bombs were about the same 58 megatons—the largest man-made battlefield,” whether in the air, on the size or smaller. explosion ever achieved. Soviet Premier ground, on water, or underwater. However, the development of ther- Nikita Khrushchev would later write Three of the more unusual—and in monuclear or hydrogen bombs led to in his memoirs: “It was colossal, just the end impractical—of these weapons much larger weapons, with the largest incredible! Our experts later explained were the enormous Mk 17 hydrogen US nuclear weapon being the Mk 17 to me that if you took into account the bomb, the Navy’s drone anti-submarine hydrogen bomb. -
ASROC with Systems
Naval Nuclear Weapons Chapter Eight Naval Nuclear Weapons The current program to modernize and expand U.S. deployed within the Navy (see Table 8.1) include anti- Naval forces includes a wide variety of nuclear weapons submarine warfare rockets (both surface (ASROC with systems. The build-up, according to the Department of W44) and subsurface launched (SUBROC with W55)), Defense, seeks "increased and more diversified offensive anti-air missiles (TERRIER with W45), and bombs and striking power.. increased attention to air defense . depth charges (B43, B57, and B61) used by a variety of [and] improvements in anti-submarine warfare."' The aircraft and helicopters, both carrier and land based (see plan is to build-up to a "600-ship Navy" concentrating Chapters Four and Se~en).~ on "deployable battle forces." Numerous new ships will The various nuclear weapons systems that are under be built, centered around aircraft carrier battle groups, development or are being considered for tactical naval surface groups, and attack submarines. New, more capa- nuclear warfare include: ble anti-air warfare ships, such as the TICONDEROGA (CG-47) class cruiser and BURKE (DDG-51) class  A new surface-to-air missile nuclear war- destroyers, will be deployed. New nuclear weapons and head (W81) for the STANDARD-2 missile, launching systems, as well as nuclear capable aircraft soon to enter production, carrier based forces, form a major part of the program. A long-range, land-attack nuclear armed As of March 1983, the nuclear armed ships of the U.S. Sea-Launched -
Friend Or Ally? a Question for New Zealand
.......... , ---~ MeN AIR PAPERS NUMBER T\\ ELVE FRIEND OR ALLY? A QUESTION FOR NEW ZEALAND By EWAN JAMIESON THE INSTI FUTE FOR NATIONAL SI'R-~TEGIC STUDIES ! I :. ' 71. " " :~..? ~i ~ '" ,.Y:: ;,i:,.i:".. :..,-~.~......... ,,i-:i:~: .~,.:iI- " yT.. -.~ .. ' , " : , , ~'~." ~ ,?/ .... ',~.'.'.~ ..~'. ~. ~ ,. " ~:S~(::!?- ~,i~ '. ? ~ .5" .~.: -~:!~ ~:,:i.. :.~ ".: :~" ;: ~:~"~',~ ~" '" i .'.i::.. , i ::: .',~ :: .... ,- " . ".:' i:!i"~;~ :~;:'! .,"L': ;..~'~ ',.,~'i:..~,~'"~,~: ;":,:.;;, ','" ;.: i',: ''~ .~,,- ~.:.~i ~ . '~'">.'.. :: "" ,-'. ~:.." ;';, :.~';';-;~.,.";'."" .7 ,'~'!~':"~ '?'""" "~ ': " '.-."i.:2: i!;,'i ,~.~,~I~out ;popular: ~fo.rmatwn~ .o~~'t,he~,,:. "~.. " ,m/e..a~ tg:,the~6w.erw!~chi~no.wtetl~e.~gi..~e~ ;~i:~.::! ~ :: :~...i.. 5~', '+~ :: ..., .,. "'" .... " ",'.. : ~'. ,;. ". ~.~.~'.:~.'-? "-'< :! :.'~ : :,. '~ ', ;'~ : :~;.':':/.:- "i ; - :~:~!II::::,:IL:.~JmaiegMad}~)~:ib;:, ,?T,-. B~;'...-::', .:., ,.:~ .~ 'z • ,. :~.'..." , ,~,:, "~, v : ", :, -:.-'": ., ,5 ~..:. :~i,~' ',: ""... - )" . ,;'~'.i "/:~'-!"'-.i' z ~ ".. "', " 51"c, ' ~. ;'~.'.i:.-. ::,,;~:',... ~. " • " ' '. ' ".' ,This :iis .aipul~ ~'i~gtin~e ..fdi;:Na~i~real..Sfi'~te~ie.'Studi'~ ~It ;is, :not.i! -, - .... +~l~ase,~ad.~ p,g, ,,.- .~, . • ,,. .... .;. ...~,. ...... ,._ ,,. .~ .... ~;-, :'-. ,,~7 ~ ' .~.: .... .,~,~.:U7 ,L,: :.~: .! ~ :..!:.i.i.:~i :. : ':'::: : ',,-..-'i? -~ .i~ .;,.~.,;: ~v~i- ;. ~, ~;. ' ~ ,::~%~.:~.. : ..., .... .... -, ........ ....... 1'-.~ ~:-~...%, ;, .i-,i; .:.~,:- . eommenaati6'r~:~xpregseff:or ;ii~iplie'd.:;~ifl~in.:iat~ -:: -
Newport Paper 38
NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT PAPERS 38 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE WAR NAVAL High Seas Buffer The Taiwan Patrol Force, 1950–1979 NEWPORT PAPERS NEWPORT N ES AV T A A L T W S A D R E C T I O L N L U E E G H E T I VIRIBU OR A S CT MARI VI 38 Bruce A. Elleman Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen U.S. GOVERNMENT Cover OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE This perspective aerial view of Newport, Rhode Island, drawn and published by Galt & Hoy of New York, circa 1878, is found in the American Memory Online Map Collections: 1500–2003, of the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. The map may be viewed at http://hdl.loc.gov/ loc.gmd/g3774n.pm008790. Use of ISBN Prefix This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. ISBN 978-1-884733-95-6 is for this U.S. Government Printing Office Official Edition only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Office requests that any reprinted edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. Legal Status and Use of Seals and Logos The logo of the U.S. Naval War College (NWC), Newport, Rhode Island, authenticates High Seas Buffer: The Taiwan Patrol Force, 1950–1979, by Bruce A. Elleman, as an official publication of the College. It is prohibited to use NWC’s logo on any republication of this book without the express, written permission of the Editor, Naval War College Press, or the editor’s designee. -
Ministry of Defence Acronyms and Abbreviations
Acronym Long Title 1ACC No. 1 Air Control Centre 1SL First Sea Lord 200D Second OOD 200W Second 00W 2C Second Customer 2C (CL) Second Customer (Core Leadership) 2C (PM) Second Customer (Pivotal Management) 2CMG Customer 2 Management Group 2IC Second in Command 2Lt Second Lieutenant 2nd PUS Second Permanent Under Secretary of State 2SL Second Sea Lord 2SL/CNH Second Sea Lord Commander in Chief Naval Home Command 3GL Third Generation Language 3IC Third in Command 3PL Third Party Logistics 3PN Third Party Nationals 4C Co‐operation Co‐ordination Communication Control 4GL Fourth Generation Language A&A Alteration & Addition A&A Approval and Authorisation A&AEW Avionics And Air Electronic Warfare A&E Assurance and Evaluations A&ER Ammunition and Explosives Regulations A&F Assessment and Feedback A&RP Activity & Resource Planning A&SD Arms and Service Director A/AS Advanced/Advanced Supplementary A/D conv Analogue/ Digital Conversion A/G Air‐to‐Ground A/G/A Air Ground Air A/R As Required A/S Anti‐Submarine A/S or AS Anti Submarine A/WST Avionic/Weapons, Systems Trainer A3*G Acquisition 3‐Star Group A3I Accelerated Architecture Acquisition Initiative A3P Advanced Avionics Architectures and Packaging AA Acceptance Authority AA Active Adjunct AA Administering Authority AA Administrative Assistant AA Air Adviser AA Air Attache AA Air‐to‐Air AA Alternative Assumption AA Anti‐Aircraft AA Application Administrator AA Area Administrator AA Australian Army AAA Anti‐Aircraft Artillery AAA Automatic Anti‐Aircraft AAAD Airborne Anti‐Armour Defence Acronym -
Friends of the Royal Naval Museum
friends of the Royal Naval Museum and HMS Victory Scuttlebutt The magazine of the National Museum of the Royal Navy (Portsmouth) and the Friends ISSUE 44 SPRING 2012 By subscription or £2 Scuttlebutt The magazine of the National Museum of the Royal Navy (Portsmouth) and the Friends CONTENTS Council of the Friends 4 Chairman’s Report (Peter Wykeham-Martin) 5 New Vice Chairman (John Scivier) 6 Treasurers Report (Roger Trise) 6 Prestigious BAFM Award for ‘Scuttlebutt’ (Roger Trise) 7 News from the National Museum of the Royal Navy (Graham Dobbin) 8 HMS Victory Change of Command (Rod Strathern) 9 Steam Pinnace 199 & London Boat Show (Martin Marks) 10 Lottery Bid Success 13 Alfred John West Cinematographer 15 Peter Hollins MBE, President 199 Group (Martin Marks) 17 Skills for the Future Project (Kiri Anderson) 18 New Museum Model Series – Part 1: HMS Vanguard (Mark Brady) 20 The National Museum of the Royal Navy: 100 Years of Naval Heritage 23 at Portsmouth Historic Dockyard (Campbell McMurray) The Royal Navy and Libya (Naval Staff) 28 The Navy Campaign – “We need a Navy” (Bethany Torvell) 31 The Story of Tactical Nuclear Weapons in the Royal Navy (John Coker) 32 The Falklands War Conference at the RNM – 19 May 2012 35 Thirtieth Anniversary of the Falklands Conflict (Ken Napier) 36 HMS Queen Elizabeth - Update on Progress (BAE Systems) 38 Lost CS Forester Manuscript Found (New CS Forester book) (John Roberts) 39 Museum Wreath Workshop 39 Geoff Hunt – Leading Marine Artist (Julian Thomas) 40 Book Reviews 40 AGM – 3 May 2012 (Executive Secretary) -
The Nuclear Arms Race December 1987
The Nuclear Arms Race In Facts And Figures December 1987 I Natural Resources Defense Council 1350 New York Avenue. NW Washington. DC 20005 2027837800 I;;~:_1 '~~~~":'i• y ~. • A ~t0 J E C T OF THE N ROC NUCLEAR W E A P 0 N SO A T A 8 0 0 K This book is a set of tables summarizing the nuclear weapons arsenals of the world. It has been prepared by the authors of the Nuclear Weapons Databook series. In preparing the Databook series we have continually updated and revised our statistical data. The following tables are the product of this effort specially produced for the December Summit between President Reagan and General secretary Gorbachev. We have decided to make these data more Widely available because of the many requests, their value to other researchers, and because we are constantly seeking revisions from our readers. We have chosen a loose-leaf format to facilitate periodic revisions and to permit the user to add additional tables and figures. Detailed information about nuclear weapons is controlled by the respective governments on the basis of "national security." The following tables represent our best estimates based on a comprehensive analysis of the open literature. We believe they are the most accurate data of their kind in the open literature. We recognize, nonetheless, that these estimates can be improved, particularly regarding the nuclear arsenals of the Soviet Union and other non-u.S countries. we urge the user to alert us to any errors and to new sources of data. We would also appreciate hearing from you regarding what other tables and alternative formats would be most useful~ Thomas B. -
Soviet Military Power 1987 Reviews New Developments in the USSRS Armed Forces Over the Past Year and Places These in the Context of Current Doctrine and Strategy
SOVIET MILITARY POWER First Edition September 1981 Second Edition March 1983 Third Edition April 1984 Fourth Edition April 1985 Fifth Edition March 1986 Sixth Edition March 1987 For sale by Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington DC 20402 See inside back cover for ordering information. The United States Government has not recognized the incorporation of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania into the Soviet Union. Other boundary representations on the maps are not necessarily authoritative. The illustrations of Soviet defense facilities and weapon systems included in this publication are derived from various US sources; while not precise in every detail, they are as authentic as possible. Satellite photographs of Soviet facilities were obtained commercially from the SPOT Image Corporation and EOSAT Inc. CONTENTS Chapter I 7 Soviet Policies and Global Ambitions Chapter II 23 Forces for Nuclear Attack Chapter III 45 Strategic Defense and Space Operations Chapter IV 63 Forces for Theater Operations Chapter V 95 Readiness, Mobility, and Sustainability Chapter VI 105 Research, Development, and Production Chapter VII 125 Political-Military and Regional Policies Chapter VIII 145 The US Response PREFACE ... the threat from Soviet forces, conventional and strategic, from the Soviet drive for domination, from the increase in espionage and state terror remains great. This is reality. Closing our eyes will not make reality disappear. Ronald Reagan In the military strategy and resulting weapons program flowing from its doctrine, the USSR has long followed the Leninist maxim that quantity has a quality of its own. To appreciate the commitment that the USSR makes to its armed forces, it is useful to start with a look at the weapon systems the Soviets are procuring for those forces and to place those figures alongside similar US procurement. -
Relooking at the Cold War & Flying on a P-3C Crew
Relooking at the Cold War 1947-1991 Don Stanton USN 1968-1992 [email protected] 1951 1985 *1947-91 We, Soviets avoided nuclear war; now in Renewed Version of Cold War .Russian MiGs & TU-95 Bear bombers Alaska; big exercises .Russia supplying Taliban & Syria .Sanctions for Russia’s Ukraine invasion; USN ships in Black Sea .Russia kicked out 700; we closed Consulates .Russians used Facebook & Twitter in 2016 election .Russia & China co-develop Submarines & supporting N Korea .China steals tech;cyber attacks US Tran Comm industry partners .Chinese Navy, Air Force aggressive S China Sea; Executed agents .+++US Pivot to the Pacific; Marines deployed to Australia; TPP *Need more leaders who studied complex global issues, Russia, China, Iran, languages SACRIFICES; DRAFT; BOMB-A-DAY;NUCLEAR DETERRENCE;CIVIL DEFENSE Surveillance before satellites “1149 American casualties on Navy patrol missions April 1950 VP-26 PB-4 on patrol Baltic Sea,Shot down by Soviet fighter 10 killed November 1951 VP-6 P-2V Shot down by Soviet fighter Sea of Japan 10 killed July 1952 VP-731 PBM-5 Attacked by Chinese fighters off West Korea 2 killed January 1953 VP-22 P-2V Ditched--AA fire from Swatow Island China; 2 killed September 1954 VP-19 P-2V Shot down by Soviet fighter. Ditched, 1 killed” June 1955 VP-9 P-2V Soviet Mig15s attack Bering Sea;crash-landed St. Laurence I Aug 56 Chin. fighter shot VQ-1 P-4M night 32 mi; 16 April 1969 N.Korean MiG-17s VQ-1 EC-121 90 miles 31 crewmen killed” greatest single aircraft loss 1976-1986 7 P-3s lost; over 70 killed Air Force 16 AC shotdown163 killedRB47 MiG15 1953 Soviet fighters shot down a B-29 which was dropping leaflets in Manchuria. -
A History of the United Kingdom's WE 177 Nuclear Weapons Programme
MARCH 2019 A History of the United Kingdom’s WE 177 Nuclear Weapons Programme From Conception to Entry into Service 1959– 1980 Dr John R. Walker © The British American Security Information Council (BASIC), 2018 All images licenced for reuse under Creative Commons 2.0 and Wikimedia Commons or with the approriate permission and sourcing. The opinions expressed in this publication are the responsibility The British American Security of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of BASIC. Information Council (BASIC) 17 Oval Way All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be London SE11 5RR reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or Charity Registration No. 1001081 any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. T: +44 (0) 20 3752 5662 www.basicint.org Please direct all enquiries to the publishers. The Author BASIC Dr John R Walker is the Head of the Arms Control The British American Security Information Council and Disarmament Research Unit (ACDRU) at the (BASIC) is an independent think tank and registered Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London, and charity based in Central London, promoting has worked in ACDRU since March 1985. He innovative ideas and international dialogue on currently focuses on the Chemical Weapons nuclear disarmament, arms control, and Convention (CWC), the Biological and Toxin nonproliferation. Since 1987, we’ve been at the Weapons Convention (BTWC), the Comprehensive forefront of global efforts to build trust and Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), the UN Secretary- cooperation on some of the world’s most General’s Mechanism, and arms control verification progressive global peace and security initiatives, more generally. -
Breaking Free from Nuclear
11 00 tt hh aa nn nn uu aa ll FRANK K. KELLY LECTURE ON HUMANITY’S FUTURE BBrreeaakkiinngg FFrreeee FFrroomm nnuucclleeaarr DDeetteerrrreennccee COMMANDER roBert green (Royal Navy, Ret.) building a more peaceful world free of nuclear weapons Frank K. Kelly Lecture ON HUMANITY’S FUTURE he Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future was established by the Nuclear Age Peace TFoundation in 2002. The lecture series honors the late Frank K. Kelly, a founder and senior vice president of the Foundation, whose vision and compassion are perpetuated through these lectures. Each annual lecture is presented by a distinguished individual to explore the contours of humanity’s present circumstances and ways by which we can shape a more promising future for our planet and all its inhabitants. Mr. Kelly gave the inaugural lecture in 2002 on “Glorious Beings: What We Are and What We May Become.” The lecture presented in this booklet, “Breaking Free from Nuclear Deterrence,” the tenth in the series, was presented by Commander Robert Green (Royal Navy, Ret.) at Santa Barbara City College on February 17, 2011. The 2010 lecture was presented by Ambassador Max Kampelman on “Zero Nuclear Weapons for a Sane and Sustainable World.” The 2009 lecture was presented by Frances Moore Lappé on “Living Democracy, Feeding Hope.” The 2008 lecture was given by Colman McCarthy on “Teach Peace.” The 2007 lecture was delivered by Jakob von Uexküll on “Globalization: Values, Responsibility and Global Justice.” The 2006 lec - ture was presented by Nobel Peace Laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire on “A Right to Live without Violence, Nuclear Weapons and War.” The 2005 lecture was delivered by Dr. -
Playing with Fire
CONTENTS REPORT HEADLINES 2 FOREWORD 4 This report is dedicated to the memory of John EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 Ainslie, whose persistent and meticulous research INTRODUCTION 8 exposed many of the accidents described here THE PRODUCTION AND MANUFACTURE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS 14 CASE STUDY 1: ‘An accident waiting to happen: fire at Windscale . 25 ON THE ROAD: ACCIDENTS DURING THE TRANSPORT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS 30 CASE STUDY 2: Slipping off the road . 39 STORAGE AND HANDLING OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS 42 CASE STUDY 3: Rough handling at RAF Bruggen . 46 IN THE FIELD: INCIDENTS INVOLVING AIRCRAFT AND SHIPS 48 CASE STUDY 4: Nuclear weapons and the Falklands War . 55 UNDER THE WAVES: ACCIDENTS INVOLVING NUCLEAR-ARMED SUBMARINES 58 CASE STUDY 5: Collision in the ocean depths. 73 SECRETS AND SPIES: NUCLEAR SECURITY 76 CASE STUDY 6: “We’re hijacking this submarine . Take us to Cuba .” . .87 OVER HERE: ACCIDENTS INVOLVING US NUCLEAR WEAPONS IN THE UK 90 CASE STUDY 7: Broken Arrow at Lakenheath . 98 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 100 AFTERWORD 103 APPENDIX 104 GLOSSARY 106 REPORT AUTHOR: PETER BURT 1 A nuclear armed Trident submarine, HMS REPORT HEADLINES Vigilant, returning to Faslane after deployment Why we did this study: • The following factors have all contributed to accidents involving British nuclear weapons: This report presents the accident record of the } Failures caused as equipment reaches UK’s nuclear weapons programme over its 65 the end of its operating life. year history. Our aim in doing this is simple: to remind the public of the risks posed by nuclear } Equipment in short supply or overused.