DOCSLIB.ORG

Shifting Away from Cold War Nuclear Thinking?

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Shifting Away from Cold War Nuclear Thinking? DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015009 Corvinus University of Budapest Shifting Away From Cold War Nuclear Thinking? Nuclear Strategy under the Obama Administration PHD THESIS Advisor: N. Rózsa Erzsébet, Dr. Habil. Péczeli Anna Budapest, 2014 DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015009 Péczeli Anna Shifting Away From Cold War Nuclear Thinking? Nuclear Strategy under the Obama Administration DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015009 Institute for International Studies Advisor: N. Rózsa Erzsébet, Dr. Habil. Senior Lecturer (National University of Public Service) 2014 © Péczeli Anna ALL RIGHTS RESERVED DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015009 70 International Relations Multidisciplinary Doctoral School International and Security Studies Subprogram PHD THESIS Péczeli Anna Shifting Away From Cold War Nuclear Thinking? Nuclear Strategy under the Obama Administration Advisor: N. Rózsa Erzsébet, Dr. Habil. Senior Lecturer (National University of Public Service) Budapest, 2014 DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015009 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................... 3 List of Figures and Tables ............................................................................................... 6 List of Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 11 1. Overview of the Research Project .......................................................................... 11 2. Explanation of Choice ............................................................................................ 16 3. Time Frame ............................................................................................................ 17 4. Methodology .......................................................................................................... 19 5. Limits of the Design ............................................................................................... 21 6. Contribution to the Field ........................................................................................ 22 I. Cold War Nuclear Thinking and U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy ............................. 24 1. Literature Review: The Evolution of U.S. Nuclear Strategy during the Cold War – A Historical Overview ........................................................................................ 24 1.1 The Truman Years (1945-1953) ........................................................... 24 1.2 The Eisenhower Years (1953-1961) ..................................................... 28 1.3 The Kennedy-Johnson Years (1961-1969) ........................................... 33 1.4 The Nixon-Ford Years (1969-1977) ..................................................... 40 1.5 The Carter Years (1977-1981) .............................................................. 45 1.6 The Reagan Years (1981-1989) ............................................................ 49 1.7 The Bush Years (1989-1993) ............................................................... 54 1.8 The Legacies of the Cold War .............................................................. 58 2. Conceptualizing the Main Terms of the Dissertation ............................................. 60 2.1 Cold War Nuclear Thinking ................................................................. 60 2.2 Nuclear Strategy ................................................................................... 72 2.3 Counterforce vs. Counter-value Strategies ........................................... 75 2.4 Strategic Stability ................................................................................. 80 3. Hypotheses ............................................................................................................. 85 II. Nuclear Strategy under the Obama Administration ............................................... 89 1. The Roots of President Obama’s Nuclear Strategy – From College Paper to Official Campaign Strategy .................................................................................... 89 2. The Review of U.S. Nuclear Guidance .................................................................. 96 1 DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015009 3. Declaratory Policy .................................................................................................. 103 3.1 The Prague Address (2009) .................................................................. 103 3.2 The Nuclear Posture Review (2010) .................................................... 105 3.2.1 The Clinton Administration’s Nuclear Posture Review ...... 105 3.2.2 The Bush Administration’s Nuclear Posture Review .......... 107 3.2.3 The Obama Administration’s Nuclear Posture Review ...... 110 3.3 Sustaining U.S. Global Leadership (2012) ........................................... 124 3.4 The Berlin Address (2013) ................................................................... 126 3.5 Evaluation ............................................................................................. 128 4. Force Structure ....................................................................................................... 133 4.1 Nuclear Warheads and the Nuclear Triad ............................................ 133 4.1.1 Force Levels under the Bush Years (1989-1993) ................ 134 4.1.2 Force Levels under the Clinton Years (1993-2001) ............ 136 4.1.3 Force Levels under the Bush Years (2001-2009) ................ 138 4.1.4 Force Levels under the Obama Years (2009-present) ......... 142 4.2 Nuclear Modernizations ....................................................................... 155 4.3 Budget Debates and the Future of the Stockpile .................................. 163 4.4 Evaluation ............................................................................................. 168 5. Operational Level ................................................................................................... 173 5.1 Operational Level under the Clinton and Bush Administrations ......... 173 5.2 Operational Level under the Obama Administration ........................... 184 5.2.1 War Plans under Obama ...................................................... 184 5.2.2 Presidential Employment Guidance (2013) ........................ 189 5.3 Evaluation ............................................................................................. 197 6. Reductions and Nuclear Strategy ........................................................................... 207 6.1 Deployed Nuclear Weapons ................................................................. 207 6.2 Non-Deployed Nuclear Weapons ......................................................... 212 6.3 The Future of the Triad ......................................................................... 217 6.4 The Strategic Requirements of Lower Numbers .................................. 221 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 228 Bibliography ..................................................................................................................... 243 Glossary ............................................................................................................................. 271 List of Interviews for this Research Project .................................................................. 279 Publications by the Author on the Topic ....................................................................... 281 2 DOI: 10.14267/phd.2015009 Acknowledgements Anybody who has undergone the process of writing a PhD knows that it is essential to have a good support system to survive and succeed in this great challenge. This dissertation would not have been possible without the continuous support and help of a great number of people whom I had the pleasure to interact during the last four years. First of all, I would like to thank to my PhD advisor, Erzsébet Nagyné Rózsa for her constant support and guidance. She introduced me to the world of arms control, and has been a guardian of my academic career both in Hungary and abroad. One of our German friends funnily calls her my “academic mother” which, in essence, grasps the depth of her contribution to many of my achievements as a researcher. I am also grateful to the International Relations Doctoral School of Corvinus University with all of my professors and fellow PhD students who were a constant source of encouragement for this project. I would specifically like to thank Zsolt Rostoványi, Erzsébet Kaponyi, András Blahó, and László Csicsmann for providing me with several recommendations and for supporting my participation at many international conferences. In this regard, being an adjunct fellow at the Hungarian Institute of International Affairs has also been a significant contribution to my academic progress – I have learnt a lot from my colleagues and it opened many important doors for me. I have to express my special thanks to the directors of the institute, Botond Zákonyi and András Király for providing me with this great opportunity. On the way of developing this research project, the defense workshop has been a crucial milestone, and I would like to express my gratitude to Péter Marton, László Kiss J., András Rácz, and Zoltán Gálik for their valuable comments and recommendations on my research framework. At this point, I owe my deepest
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Recent Developments in Cybersecurity Melanie J
    American University Business Law Review Volume 2 | Issue 2 Article 1 2013 Fiddling on the Roof: Recent Developments in Cybersecurity Melanie J. Teplinsky Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/aublr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Teplinsky, Melanie J. "Fiddling on the Roof: Recent Developments in Cybersecurity." American University Business Law Review 2, no. 2 (2013): 225-322. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University Business Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ARTICLES FIDDLING ON THE ROOF: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CYBERSECURITY MELANIE J. TEPLINSKY* TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................... ..... 227 I. The Promise and Peril of Cyberspace .............. ........ 227 II. Self-Regulation and the Challenge of Critical Infrastructure ......... 232 III. The Changing Face of Cybersecurity: Technology Trends ............ 233 A. Mobile Technology ......................... 233 B. Cloud Computing ........................... ...... 237 C. Social Networking ................................. 241 IV. The Changing Face of Cybersecurity: Cyberthreat Trends ............ 244 A. Cybercrime ................................. ..... 249 1. Costs of Cybercrime
    [Show full text]
  • OASD Satellite Engagement Communications Plan (Feb
    The University of Mississippi School of Law The National Center for Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law Informational resources on the legal aspects of human activities using aerospace technologies USA-193: Selected Documents Compiled by P.J. Blount P.J. Blount, editor Joanne Irene Gabrynowicz, editor This page intentionally left blank. Disclaimer The information contained in this compilation represents information as of February 20, 2009. It does not constitute legal representation by the National Center for Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law (Center), its faculty or staff. Before using any information in this publication, it is recommended that an attorney be consulted for specific legal advice. This publication is offered as a convenience to the Center's readership. The documents contained in this publication do not purport to be official copies. Some pages have sections blocked out. These blocked sections do not appear in the original documents. Blocked out sections contain information wholly unrelated to the space law materials intended to be compiled. The sections were blocked out by the Center's faculty and staff to facilitate focus on the relevant materials. i National Center for Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law Founded in 1999, the National Center for Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law is a reliable source for creating, gathering, and disseminating objective and timely remote sensing, space, and aviation legal research and materials. The Center serves the public good and the aerospace industry by addressing and conducting education and outreach activities related to the legal aspects of aerospace technologies to human activities. Faculty and Staff Prof. Joanne Irene Gabrynowicz, Director Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Breaking Free from Nuclear Deterrence
    Tenth Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future: Thursday 17 February 2011 Breaking Free from Nuclear Deterrence Commander Robert Green, Royal Navy (Retired) When David Krieger invited me to give this lecture, I discovered the illustrious list of those who had gone before me – beginning with Frank King Kelly himself in 2002. I was privileged to meet him the previous year when my wife Kate Dewes and I last visited Santa Barbara. Then it occurred to me: not only is this lecture the tenth; it is the first since Frank died last June, one day before his 96 th birthday. So I feel quite a weight on my shoulders. However, this is eased by an awareness of the uplifting qualities of the man in whose memory I have the huge honour of speaking to you this evening. As I do so, I invite you to bear in mind the following points made by Frank in his inaugural lecture: • “I believe that we human beings will triumph over all the horrible problems we may face and over the bloody history which tempts us to despair.” • Some of the scientists who brought us into the Nuclear Age made us realize that we must find ways of living in peace or confront unparalleled catastrophes. • A nun who taught him warned him he would be tested, that he would “go through trials and tribulations.” As President Truman’s speechwriter, Frank discussed the momentous decisions Truman had to make – including the one to drop the first nuclear weapons on Japan: • “When I asked him about the decision to use atom bombs on Japan, I saw anguish in his eyes.
    [Show full text]
  • Sentencing Memorandum on Behalf of Gen. James Cartwright
    Case 1:16-cr-00188-RJL Document 14 Filed 01/10/17 Page 1 of 24 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA v. CASE NO.: 1:16-cr-188-RJL JAMES E. CARTWRIGHT SENTENCING MEMORANDUM ON BEHALF OF JAMES E. CARTWRIGHT Gregory B. Craig Clifford M. Sloan Brendan B. Gants Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP 1440 New York Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20005 Case 1:16-cr-00188-RJL Document 14 Filed 01/10/17 Page 2 of 24 TABLE OF CONTENTS APPENDIX OF EXHIBITS .......................................................................................................i I. INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT ............................................................................... 1 II. THE OFFENSE ............................................................................................................. 4 III. RELATED CONDUCT ................................................................................................. 6 IV. THE SENTENCE ........................................................................................................ 11 V. GENERAL CARTWRIGHT’S PERSONAL BACKGROUND AND MILITARY RECORD ................................................................................................ 16 VI. LETTERS OF SUPPORT ........................................................................................... 18 VII. CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................ 20 Case 1:16-cr-00188-RJL Document 14 Filed 01/10/17 Page 3 of 24 APPENDIX
    [Show full text]
  • Dod Assumes Investigation
    HAWAII Vol. 21, No. 25 Serving MCAS Kaneohe Bay, 1st MEB, Camp H.M.rine Smith and Marina Barracks July 2, 1992 DoD assumes investigation for a halt by the Navy and Marine conduct of the Navy, as well as by Secretary of the Navy resigns Corps for any pending legal actions, sexual harassment in the Navy." including the disciplining of junior officers. This action was taken June In a letter to all Department of the Derek J. Vander Schaaf had called Navy personnel, Garrett wrote, in By Sgt. Jason Erickson forefront of fairness, civility and 27, only days after he took over the investigation. part, that the tradition of "our Navy as Ws- equality to all their members." mandates that senior officials bear Lancers in the sky A-9 The resignation came only days One of the reasons for this move, the ultimate responsibility for their In the latest turn of the Tailhook after Garrett asked the Department of according to a memorandum from his command ... I accept full responsibility '91 sex scandal, Navy Secretary H. Defense Attorney General's Office to office to Secretary Garrett, was "to for the handling of the Tailhook Bronze Stars awarded/A4 Lawrence Garrett III submitted his take over the investigation due to ensure that decisions regarding incident and the leadership failure resignation to President George Bush public outcry that the Navy was disciplinary action are not made by which allowed such misconduct to last week, saying he accepts full stalling in disciplining guilty parties officers who may themselves be subject occur." Sponsorship essential/A10 responsibility for the alleged and that a cover-up was possibly to disciplinary action based on our misconduct of at least 70 Marine and taking place, according to various review." Garrett's resignation followed The secretary went on to say, "It Navy aviators.
    [Show full text]
  • The Weird Nukes of Yesteryear
    The Cold War produced some oddball weapons. Here are three of them. The “Davy Crockett,” shown here mounted on a tripod at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, was the smallest nuclear warhead ever developed by the US. The Weird Nukes DOD photo end of a series of thermonuclear bombs initiated in 1950. This followed the Soviet detonation of an atomic bomb of Yesteryear in 1949, several years before Western By Norman Polmar and Robert S. Norris intelligence agencies expected such an event. y the time the Cold War reached some concern about whether they could It was the era of “bigger is better.” its height in the late 1960s, the be carried in aircraft, due to size. The The zenith of “big bombs” would be American nuclear arsenal had “Little Boy” dropped on Hiroshima seen on Oct. 30, 1961, when the Soviet grown to more than 31,000 tipped the scales at 9,700 pounds, and Union detonated (at Novaya Zemlya in Bweapons. The Army, Navy, Air Force, the “Fat Man” dropped on Nagasaki the Arctic) a thermonuclear bomb that and even the Marine Corps worked weighed 10,300 pounds. The immediate produced an explosion equivalent to to acquire weapons for the “nuclear follow-on bombs were about the same 58 megatons—the largest man-made battlefield,” whether in the air, on the size or smaller. explosion ever achieved. Soviet Premier ground, on water, or underwater. However, the development of ther- Nikita Khrushchev would later write Three of the more unusual—and in monuclear or hydrogen bombs led to in his memoirs: “It was colossal, just the end impractical—of these weapons much larger weapons, with the largest incredible! Our experts later explained were the enormous Mk 17 hydrogen US nuclear weapon being the Mk 17 to me that if you took into account the bomb, the Navy’s drone anti-submarine hydrogen bomb.
    [Show full text]
  • ASROC with Systems
    Naval Nuclear Weapons Chapter Eight Naval Nuclear Weapons The current program to modernize and expand U.S. deployed within the Navy (see Table 8.1) include anti- Naval forces includes a wide variety of nuclear weapons submarine warfare rockets (both surface (ASROC with systems. The build-up, according to the Department of W44) and subsurface launched (SUBROC with W55)), Defense, seeks "increased and more diversified offensive anti-air missiles (TERRIER with W45), and bombs and striking power.. increased attention to air defense . depth charges (B43, B57, and B61) used by a variety of [and] improvements in anti-submarine warfare."' The aircraft and helicopters, both carrier and land based (see plan is to build-up to a "600-ship Navy" concentrating Chapters Four and Se~en).~ on "deployable battle forces." Numerous new ships will The various nuclear weapons systems that are under be built, centered around aircraft carrier battle groups, development or are being considered for tactical naval surface groups, and attack submarines. New, more capa- nuclear warfare include: ble anti-air warfare ships, such as the TICONDEROGA (CG-47) class cruiser and BURKE (DDG-51) class  A new surface-to-air missile nuclear war- destroyers, will be deployed. New nuclear weapons and head (W81) for the STANDARD-2 missile, launching systems, as well as nuclear capable aircraft soon to enter production, carrier based forces, form a major part of the program. A long-range, land-attack nuclear armed As of March 1983, the nuclear armed ships of the U.S. Sea-Launched
    [Show full text]
  • Statement by Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta on Senate Confirmations
    Aug 03, 2011 04:56 EDT Statement by Defense Secretary Leon E. Panetta on Senate Confirmations No. 673-11 August 02, 2011 "I would like to congratulate Gen. Martin Dempsey and Adm. James Winnefeld, who the Senate confirmed today to serve as our next chairman and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. I am thrilled these two great Americans will soon join me in leading the finest military in the world. "They bring with them immense intellect, proven leadership and far reaching strategic vision, and I know that both the president and I will greatly benefit from their candid advice and counsel as we confront the many security challenges facing our country. Gen. Dempsey and Adm. Winnefeld will succeed two of the military's finest leaders, Adm. Mike Mullen and Gen. James Cartwright. I have relied greatly on their counsel and benefited greatly from their wisdom during this period of transition, and I look forward to paying full tribute to each before they retire from military service. "America and its armed forces will also benefit from the confirmation today of four extraordinary officers to top service and combatant command positions. I congratulate Gen. Raymond Odierno on his confirmation as Army Chief of Staff, Adm. Jonathan Greenert on his confirmation as Chief of Naval Operations, Gen. William Fraser on his confirmation as commander, Transportation Command, and Lt. Gen. Charles Jacoby, who was approved for appointment to the rank of general and confirmed as commander, Northern Command. "I look forward to working closely with all of these outstanding leaders to ensure that America's military remains the finest in the world and that our men and women in uniform and the families who support them get what they need as they work tirelessly to safeguard our great nation." U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Friend Or Ally? a Question for New Zealand
    .......... , ---~ MeN AIR PAPERS NUMBER T\\ ELVE FRIEND OR ALLY? A QUESTION FOR NEW ZEALAND By EWAN JAMIESON THE INSTI FUTE FOR NATIONAL SI'R-~TEGIC STUDIES ! I :. ' 71. " " :~..? ~i ~ '" ,.Y:: ;,i:,.i:".. :..,-~.~......... ,,i-:i:~: .~,.:iI- " yT.. -.~ .. ' , " : , , ~'~." ~ ,?/ .... ',~.'.'.~ ..~'. ~. ~ ,. " ~:S~(::!?- ~,i~ '. ? ~ .5" .~.: -~:!~ ~:,:i.. :.~ ".: :~" ;: ~:~"~',~ ~" '" i .'.i::.. , i ::: .',~ :: .... ,- " . ".:' i:!i"~;~ :~;:'! .,"L': ;..~'~ ',.,~'i:..~,~'"~,~: ;":,:.;;, ','" ;.: i',: ''~ .~,,- ~.:.~i ~ . '~'">.'.. :: "" ,-'. ~:.." ;';, :.~';';-;~.,.";'."" .7 ,'~'!~':"~ '?'""" "~ ': " '.-."i.:2: i!;,'i ,~.~,~I~out ;popular: ~fo.rmatwn~ .o~~'t,he~,,:. "~.. " ,m/e..a~ tg:,the~6w.erw!~chi~no.wtetl~e.~gi..~e~ ;~i:~.::! ~ :: :~...i.. 5~', '+~ :: ..., .,. "'" .... " ",'.. : ~'. ,;. ". ~.~.~'.:~.'-? "-'< :! :.'~ : :,. '~ ', ;'~ : :~;.':':/.:- "i ; - :~:~!II::::,:IL:.~JmaiegMad}~)~:ib;:, ,?T,-. B~;'...-::', .:., ,.:~ .~ 'z • ,. :~.'..." , ,~,:, "~, v : ", :, -:.-'": ., ,5 ~..:. :~i,~' ',: ""... - )" . ,;'~'.i "/:~'-!"'-.i' z ~ ".. "', " 51"c, ' ~. ;'~.'.i:.-. ::,,;~:',... ~. " • " ' '. ' ".' ,This :iis .aipul~ ~'i~gtin~e ..fdi;:Na~i~real..Sfi'~te~ie.'Studi'~ ~It ;is, :not.i! -, - .... +~l~ase,~ad.~ p,g, ,,.- .~, . • ,,. .... .;. ...~,. ...... ,._ ,,. .~ .... ~;-, :'-. ,,~7 ~ ' .~.: .... .,~,~.:U7 ,L,: :.~: .! ~ :..!:.i.i.:~i :. : ':'::: : ',,-..-'i? -~ .i~ .;,.~.,;: ~v~i- ;. ~, ~;. ' ~ ,::~%~.:~.. : ..., .... .... -, ........ ....... 1'-.~ ~:-~...%, ;, .i-,i; .:.~,:- . eommenaati6'r~:~xpregseff:or ;ii~iplie'd.:;~ifl~in.:iat~ -::
    [Show full text]
  • Was Stuxnet an Act of War? Jânis Jansons
    4. LESSONS LEARNED AND CONFLICTS HISTORY WAS STUXNET AN ACT OF WAR? JÂNIS JANSONS ABSTRACT DOI: 10.26410/SF 1/17/11 Modern societies live in the complex and fragile infor­ mation environment, in which data processing and ex­ change grow exponentially. Different digital computer­ ized systems support most of key infrastructures like financial systems, power and water supplies, air traffic management, public and military communications. To increase accessibility to those systems in the informa­ tion domain, it requires interoperability and interconnec­ tivity which makes them complex to maintain and vulner­ able to cyber-attacks/intrusions. The Internet is an own­ erless, ubiquitous and open to all information exchange domains which can shape the international relations through the cyber domain and there is no international entity that can control and affect the data flow. Each country has its own legislation to react and influence local users through Internet service providers and only close cooperation among the states can help to identify and prevent illegal activities against other states as well as support foreign countries during investigations. The JANIS JANSONS1 paper will uncover how cyber weapon was used to in­ [email protected] fluence state struggling, becoming a nuclear power for the first time. It is divided into two parts to explain the Baltic Defence College, essence of the act of war and cyberspace to understand Tartu. Estonia the environment where Stuxnet was applied. Next it will focus on impact and reaction of Stuxnet in order to ana­ Opinions expressed by the authoi lyse its utilization within cyberspace. are his own views and they do no1 reflect in any way the official policy or position of the Baltic Defence KEY WORDS College, or the governments of Cybersecurity, Internet, Stuxnet, act of war.
    [Show full text]
  • JPME Today Godzilla Methodology China’S Role In
    Issue 72, 1st Quarter 2014 JOINT FORCE QUARTERLY JPME Today Godzilla Methodology China’s Role in I SSUE Afghanistan S EVENTY-TWO, 1 EVENTY-TWO, ST QUARTER 2014 Joint Force Quarterly Founded in 1993 • Vol. 72, 1st Quarter 2014 www.ndu.edu/press/index.html GEN Martin E. Dempsey, USA, Publisher MG Gregg F. Martin, USA, President, NDU Editor in Chief Col William T. Eliason, USAF (Ret.), Ph.D. Executive Editor Jeffrey D. Smotherman, Ph.D. Production Editor John J. Church, D.M.A. Internet Publications Editor Joanna E. Seich Photography Editor Martin J. Peters, Jr. Senior Copy Editor Calvin B. Kelley Art Director Marco Marchegiani, U.S. Government Printing Office Advisory Committee BG Guy T. Cosentino, USA/National War College; MG Anthony A. Cucolo III, USA/U.S. Army War College; Brig Gen Thomas H. Deale, USAF/Air Command and Staff College; Col Mark J. Desens, USMC/Marine Corps Command and Staff College; Lt Gen David L. Goldfein, USAF/The Joint Staff; BGen Thomas A. Gorry, USMC/ Dwight D. Eisenhower School for National Security and Resource Strategy; Maj Gen Scott M. Hanson, USAF/ Air War College; Col Jay L. Hatton, USMC/ Marine Corps War College; LTG David G. Perkins, USA/U.S. Army Command and General Staff College; RDML John W. Smith, Jr., USN/Joint Forces Staff College; LtGen Thomas D. Waldhauser, USMC/The Joint Staff Editorial Board Richard K. Betts/Columbia University; Stephen D. Chiabotti/School of Advanced Air and Space Studies; Eliot A. Cohen/The Johns Hopkins University; COL Joseph J. Collins, USA (Ret.)/National War College; Mark J.
    [Show full text]
  • Building Transparency: New UN Measures Managing Risk in Space
    THE MAGAZINE FOR SCIENCE & SECURITY Building Transparency: PIRWinter 2011 Volume 64 No 4 New UN Measures Road Rules Managing risk FOR Space in Space The Case for Collaboration Twitter and Data Fusion in North Korea The New Space SECURITY THE ANTI-SATELLITE Environment CAPABILITY OF PHASED ADAPTIVE APPROACH MISSILE DEFENSE SYSTEM Q&A: Harold Varmus $12.95US 1 FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS WWW.FAS.ORGFAS PUBLIC INTEREST REPORT WINTER 2011 FEDERATION OF AMERICAN SCIENTISTS WWW.FAS.ORG 2 PUBLIC INTEREST REPORT WINTER 2011 PIRWinter 2011 Volume 64 No 4 FEATURES 12... Rules of the Road: Responsible Use of Weapons in Space Should a major outage of satellite capacity occur, financial and trade markets could collapse, a recession spanning the globe would ensue, and security tensions would exacerbate. Should the United States seize the initiative and secure low-Earth orbit while its allies are unchallenged in space? By Everett Carl Dolman, Professor of Comparative Military Studies at the U.S. Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (SAASS). 18... Managing Risk in Space Since the launch of Sputnik in 1957, governments and commercial companies have placed thousands of satellites in orbit around the Earth. Today, there are more than 16,000 active satellites and debris in the public catalog of tracked objects. Governments and businesses operating spacecraft need to take a new approach to enhance the safety and efficacy of the space environment. By Richard Dal Bello, Vice President of Legal and Government Affairs at Intelsat General Corporation. 25... The Anti-Satellite Capability of the Phased Adaptive Approach Missile Defense System On February 14, 2008, General James Cartwright announced the United States would destroy a nonresponsive intelligence satellite soon to re-enter the Earth’s atmosphere using the Aegis sea-based missile defense system.
    [Show full text]