The Weird Nukes of Yesteryear
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Real-Time Helicopter Flight Control: Modelling and Control by Linearization and Neural Networks
Purdue University Purdue e-Pubs Department of Electrical and Computer Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical Reports Engineering August 1991 Real-Time Helicopter Flight Control: Modelling and Control by Linearization and Neural Networks Tobias J. Pallett Purdue University School of Electrical Engineering Shaheen Ahmad Purdue University School of Electrical Engineering Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ecetr Pallett, Tobias J. and Ahmad, Shaheen, "Real-Time Helicopter Flight Control: Modelling and Control by Linearization and Neural Networks" (1991). Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical Reports. Paper 317. https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ecetr/317 This document has been made available through Purdue e-Pubs, a service of the Purdue University Libraries. Please contact [email protected] for additional information. Real-Time Helicopter Flight Control: Modelling and Control by Linearization and Neural Networks Tobias J. Pallett Shaheen Ahmad TR-EE 91-35 August 1991 Real-Time Helicopter Flight Control: Modelling and Control by Lineal-ization and Neural Networks Tobias J. Pallett and Shaheen Ahmad Real-Time Robot Control Laboratory, School of Electrical Engineering, Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA ABSTRACT In this report we determine the dynamic model of a miniature helicopter in hovering flight. Identification procedures for the nonlinear terms are also described. The model is then used to design several linearized control laws and a neural network controller. The controllers were then flight tested on a miniature helicopter flight control test bed the details of which are also presented in this report. Experimental performance of the linearized and neural network controllers are discussed. -
(CUWS) Outreach Journal # 1241
USAF Center for Unconventional Weapons Studies (CUWS) Outreach Journal CUWS Outreach Journal 1241 10 November 2016 Feature Item: “AN EVOLVING NARRATIVE: A Report on the Role and Value of U.S. Nuclear Weapons, 1989-Today.” Authored by Rebecca Hersman, Clark Murdock, and Shanelle Van; A report of the CSIS International Security Program; Published by the Center for Strategic & International Studies (CSIS); October 2016; 76 pages. https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/publication/Evolving-US-Nuclear-Narrative.pdf This study aims to create a dialogue with the nation’s nuclear personnel about the rationales for the U.S. nuclear arsenal that already exist—some of which have been stated at the highest levels of leadership—to ask what the nuclear forces actually hear, what works and what does not, and what motivates them on a daily basis. Over the last few years, many observers, including key Department of Defense (DoD) officials, have commented on the need for DoD to better communicate a more compelling rationale for why the U.S. nuclear arsenal remains essential to the post–Cold War strategy of the United States and to the security of the American people. Those airmen and sailors who comprise the nuclear workforce, and who are asked to dedicate their lives in service of their mission, deserve a persuasive explanation as to why their unwavering stewardship of the U.S. nuclear arsenal will matter as long as these weapons exist in the world. In the assessment of some, including this study’s authors, a coherent narrative about the fundamental role of U.S. -
Helicopter Physics by Harm Frederik Althuisius López
Helicopter Physics By Harm Frederik Althuisius López Lift Happens Lift Formula Torque % & Lift is a mechanical aerodynamic force produced by the Lift is calculated using the following formula: 2 = *4 '56 Torque is a measure of how much a force acting on an motion of an aircraft through the air, it generally opposes & object causes that object to rotate. As the blades of a Where * is the air density, 4 is the velocity, '5 is the lift coefficient and 6 is gravity as a means to fly. Lift is generated mainly by the the surface area of the wing. Even though most of these components are helicopter rotate against the air, the air pushes back on the rd wings due to their shape. An Airfoil is a cross-section of a relatively easy to measure, the lift coefficient is highly dependable on the blades following Newtons 3 Law of Motion: “To every wing, it is a streamlined shape that is capable of generating shape of the airfoil. Therefore it is usually calculated through the angle of action there is an equal and opposite reaction”. This significantly more lift than drag. Drag is the air resistance attack of a specific airfoil as portrayed in charts much like the following: reaction force is translated into the fuselage of the acting as a force opposing the motion of the aircraft. helicopter via torque, and can be measured for individual % & -/ 0 blades as follows: ! = #$ = '()*+ ∫ # 1# , where $ is the & -. Drag Force. As a result the fuselage tends to rotate in the Example of a Lift opposite direction of its main rotor spin. -
Heater Element Specifications Bulletin Number 592
Technical Data Heater Element Specifications Bulletin Number 592 Topic Page Description 2 Heater Element Selection Procedure 2 Index to Heater Element Selection Tables 5 Heater Element Selection Tables 6 Additional Resources These documents contain additional information concerning related products from Rockwell Automation. Resource Description Industrial Automation Wiring and Grounding Guidelines, publication 1770-4.1 Provides general guidelines for installing a Rockwell Automation industrial system. Product Certifications website, http://www.ab.com Provides declarations of conformity, certificates, and other certification details. You can view or download publications at http://www.rockwellautomation.com/literature/. To order paper copies of technical documentation, contact your local Allen-Bradley distributor or Rockwell Automation sales representative. For Application on Bulletin 100/500/609/1200 Line Starters Heater Element Specifications Eutectic Alloy Overload Relay Heater Elements Type J — CLASS 10 Type P — CLASS 20 (Bul. 600 ONLY) Type W — CLASS 20 Type WL — CLASS 30 Note: Heater Element Type W/WL does not currently meet the material Type W Heater Elements restrictions related to EU ROHS Description The following is for motors rated for Continuous Duty: For motors with marked service factor of not less than 1.15, or Overload Relay Class Designation motors with a marked temperature rise not over +40 °C United States Industry Standards (NEMA ICS 2 Part 4) designate an (+104 °F), apply application rules 1 through 3. Apply application overload relay by a class number indicating the maximum time in rules 2 and 3 when the temperature difference does not exceed seconds at which it will trip when carrying a current equal to 600 +10 °C (+18 °F). -
Helicopter Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-21B) Chapter 8
Chapter 8 Ground Procedures and Flight Preparations Introduction Once a pilot takes off, it is up to him or her to make sound, safe decisions throughout the flight. It is equally important for the pilot to use the same diligence when conducting a preflight inspection, making maintenance decisions, refueling, and conducting ground operations. This chapter discusses the responsibility of the pilot regarding ground safety in and around the helicopter and when preparing to fly. 8-1 Preflight There are two primary methods of deferring maintenance on rotorcraft operating under part 91. They are the deferral Before any flight, ensure the helicopter is airworthy by provision of 14 CFR part 91, section 91.213(d) and an FAA- inspecting it according to the rotorcraft flight manual (RFM), approved MEL. pilot’s operating handbook (POH), or other information supplied either by the operator or the manufacturer. The deferral provision of 14 CFR section 91.213(d) is Remember that it is the responsibility of the pilot in command widely used by most pilot/operators. Its popularity is due (PIC) to ensure the aircraft is in an airworthy condition. to simplicity and minimal paperwork. When inoperative equipment is found during preflight or prior to departure, the In preparation for flight, the use of a checklist is important decision should be to cancel the flight, obtain maintenance so that no item is overlooked. [Figure 8-1] Follow the prior to flight, determine if the flight can be made under the manufacturer’s suggested outline for both the inside and limitations imposed by the defective equipment, or to defer outside inspection. -
No. 45 Depth-Charge Problems October 1918
- MAY 4 19?.7 O. N. I. Publication No. 45 Most Confidential! • . • . NA VY DEPARTM.ENT OFFICE OF NAVAL INTELLIGENCE OCTOBER, 1918 ) I - • WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1918 DF.f'L ~SI FiRe ~ A utll (lrll: C D lo s·t, I i __ _ _,, ____ I ----- __ ___!_ -~ DEPTH-CHARGE PROBLEMS. Lieu tenant Commander H. H . F ROST, United States Nai:y . In 0. N . I. Publicittion No. 44, " Gcrm1tn Submarine Attacks" i t wa!'; seen that Germans use four stnnd nrd torpedo shots: 1. D irect bow shot. 2. D irect s tern shot. :3_ 90° angled bow shot on parallel courses. 4. 90° angled s tern shot on opposite cow·scs. As in other pnrts of the subject of naval tactics it is neither possible nor desira.ble to lay down Jrnrd and fas t rules for the depth-ch a1-gc attack. A s tudy of a gren.t numher of actual s itua tions will r esult in th e deduction of several general principles regarding th e attack. Once these principles a.re nrnster ecl a dcpth-cha.r O'e doctrine can be_l aid _down. This c~n b_e followed in a m ajority of the :i c tua.l situations wh ich m ay b e cx;ected . I n some s1tua t1ons, how~ver, 1t will ~10t apply and th en the ('Ommn.nding o fliccr must fall h nck u pon his g encr n.l knowledge of th e suhJect and dcc1clc on the spot as to the b est m 0nsurcs to tn kc. -
Paper Helicopters Preparation
Paper Helicopters Preparation CLASS LEVEL First – sixth class OBJECTIVES Content Strand and Strand Unit Energy & forces, Forces Through investigation the child should be enabled to come to appreciate that gravity is a force, SESE: Science Curriculum page 87. In this activity children explore how some things fall and how varying the size of the rotor blades, the shape of the rotor blades and the weight of a paper helicopter affect the way a helicopter spins. Skill development Through completing the strand units of the science curriculum the child should be enabled to design, plan and carry out simple experiments, having regard to one or two variables and the need to sequence tasks and tests, SESE: Science Curriculum page 79. This activity helps them understand fair testing by changing only one variable (i.e. shape only or length only) at a time. Investigating; experimenting; observing; analysing; measuring/timing; recording and communicating. CURRICULUM LINKS Mathematics Data / representing and interpreting data SESE: History Continuity and change over time/ technological and scientific developments over long periods BACKGROUND A previous activity on how things fall (i.e. the weight of the object is not a factor – Galileo and the Leaning Tower of Pisa) would help understanding of this activity, but not essential. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT Paper, Ruler, Paper Clips, Scissors Templates of different sizes PREPARATION Test out a few thicknesses of paper/cardboard first to see that some of them spin. BACKGROUND The shape of the helicopter rotor blades make it spin INFORMATION when dropped from a height. Gravity pulls the helicopter down. The air resists the movement and pushes up each rotor separately, causing the helicopter to spin. -
Scenes from Aboard the Frigate HMCS Dunver, 1943-1945
Canadian Military History Volume 10 Issue 2 Article 6 2001 Through the Camera’s Lens: Scenes from Aboard the Frigate HMCS Dunver, 1943-1945 Cliff Quince Serge Durflinger University of Ottawa, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.wlu.ca/cmh Part of the Military History Commons Recommended Citation Quince, Cliff and Durflinger, Serge "Through the Camera’s Lens: Scenes from Aboard the Frigate HMCS Dunver, 1943-1945." Canadian Military History 10, 2 (2001) This Canadian War Museum is brought to you for free and open access by Scholars Commons @ Laurier. It has been accepted for inclusion in Canadian Military History by an authorized editor of Scholars Commons @ Laurier. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Quince and Durflinger: Scenes from Aboard the HMCS <em>Dunver</em> Cliff Quince and Serge Durflinger he Battle of the Atlantic was the the ship's unofficial photographer until Tlongest and most important February 1945 at which time the navy maritime campaign of the Second World granted him a formal photographer's War. Germany's large and powerful pass. This pass did not make him an submarine fleet menaced the merchant official RCN photographer, since he vessels carrying the essential supplies maintained all his shipboard duties; it upon which depended the survival of merely enabled him to take photos as Great Britain and, ultimately, the he saw fit. liberation of Western Europe. The campaign was also one of the most vicious and Born in Montreal in 1925, Cliff came by his unforgiving of the war, where little quarter was knack for photography honestly. -
Breaking Free from Nuclear Deterrence
Tenth Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future: Thursday 17 February 2011 Breaking Free from Nuclear Deterrence Commander Robert Green, Royal Navy (Retired) When David Krieger invited me to give this lecture, I discovered the illustrious list of those who had gone before me – beginning with Frank King Kelly himself in 2002. I was privileged to meet him the previous year when my wife Kate Dewes and I last visited Santa Barbara. Then it occurred to me: not only is this lecture the tenth; it is the first since Frank died last June, one day before his 96 th birthday. So I feel quite a weight on my shoulders. However, this is eased by an awareness of the uplifting qualities of the man in whose memory I have the huge honour of speaking to you this evening. As I do so, I invite you to bear in mind the following points made by Frank in his inaugural lecture: • “I believe that we human beings will triumph over all the horrible problems we may face and over the bloody history which tempts us to despair.” • Some of the scientists who brought us into the Nuclear Age made us realize that we must find ways of living in peace or confront unparalleled catastrophes. • A nun who taught him warned him he would be tested, that he would “go through trials and tribulations.” As President Truman’s speechwriter, Frank discussed the momentous decisions Truman had to make – including the one to drop the first nuclear weapons on Japan: • “When I asked him about the decision to use atom bombs on Japan, I saw anguish in his eyes. -
Influencer Poll: Likelihood to Recommend & Support
Wave 56 Influencer Poll Update January 2018 Public Release Influencer Poll: Likelihood to Recommend & Support 1 Likelihood to Recommend and Support Military Service Likelihood to Recommend and Support Military Service 80% 71% 70% 71% 70% 66% 66% 66% 67% 63% 63% 63% 64% 61% 63% 60% 50% 46% 47% 47% 45% 44% 42% 43% 42% 39% 38% 40% 35% 32% 33% 34% 34% 30% 20% 10% Likely to Recommend: % Likely/Very Likely Likely to Support: % Agree/Strongly Agree Yearly Quarterly 0% Jan–Mar 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Likely to Recommend Military Service Likely to Support Decision to Join § Influencers’ likelihood to support the decision to join the Military increased significantly from 67% in 2015 to 70% in 2016. § However, Influencers’ likelihood to support the decision to join the Military remained stable in January–March 2017. = Significantly change from previous poll Source: Military Ad Tracking Study (Influencer Market) Wave 56 2 Questions: q1a–c: “Suppose [relation] came to you for advice about various post-high school options. How likely is it that you would recommend joining a Military Service such as the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, or Coast Guard?” q2ff: “If [relation] told me they were planning to join the Military, I would support their decision.” Likelihood to Recommend Military Service By Influencer Type Likelihood to Recommend Military Service 80% 70% 63% 59% 59% 60% 58% 60% 57% 56% 57% 55% 54% 53% 48% 55% 50% 54% 47% 52% 51% 44% 51% 47% 42% 42% 42% 49% 41% 43% 42% 45% 45% 46% 40% 42% 37% 41% 39% 41% 38% 38% 38% 37% 37% 39% 34% 35% 34% 30% 33% 33% 32% 33% 32% 31% 32% 31% 31% 31% 32% 20% 25% 25% 24% 31% 29% 10% % Likely/Very Likely Yearly Quarterly 0% Jan–Mar 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Fathers Mothers Grandparents Other Influencers § Influencers’ likelihood to recommend military service remained stable in January–March 2017 for all influencer groups. -
Bob Farquhar
1 2 Created by Bob Farquhar For and dedicated to my grandchildren, their children, and all humanity. This is Copyright material 3 Table of Contents Preface 4 Conclusions 6 Gadget 8 Making Bombs Tick 15 ‘Little Boy’ 25 ‘Fat Man’ 40 Effectiveness 49 Death By Radiation 52 Crossroads 55 Atomic Bomb Targets 66 Acheson–Lilienthal Report & Baruch Plan 68 The Tests 71 Guinea Pigs 92 Atomic Animals 96 Downwinders 100 The H-Bomb 109 Nukes in Space 119 Going Underground 124 Leaks and Vents 132 Turning Swords Into Plowshares 135 Nuclear Detonations by Other Countries 147 Cessation of Testing 159 Building Bombs 161 Delivering Bombs 178 Strategic Bombers 181 Nuclear Capable Tactical Aircraft 188 Missiles and MIRV’s 193 Naval Delivery 211 Stand-Off & Cruise Missiles 219 U.S. Nuclear Arsenal 229 Enduring Stockpile 246 Nuclear Treaties 251 Duck and Cover 255 Let’s Nuke Des Moines! 265 Conclusion 270 Lest We Forget 274 The Beginning or The End? 280 Update: 7/1/12 Copyright © 2012 rbf 4 Preface 5 Hey there, I’m Ralph. That’s my dog Spot over there. Welcome to the not-so-wonderful world of nuclear weaponry. This book is a journey from 1945 when the first atomic bomb was detonated in the New Mexico desert to where we are today. It’s an interesting and sometimes bizarre journey. It can also be horribly frightening. Today, there are enough nuclear weapons to destroy the civilized world several times over. Over 23,000. “Enough to make the rubble bounce,” Winston Churchill said. The United States alone has over 10,000 warheads in what’s called the ‘enduring stockpile.’ In my time, we took care of things Mano-a-Mano. -
WRECK DIVING™ ...Uncover the Past Magazine
WRECK DIVING™ ...uncover the past Magazine Graf Zeppelin • La Galga • Mystery Ship • San Francisco Maru Scapa Flow • Treasure Hunting Part I • U-869 Part III • Ville de Dieppe WRECK DIVING MAGAZINE The Fate of the U-869 Reexamined Part III SanSan FranciscoFrancisco MaruMaru:: TheThe MillionMillion DollarDollar WreckWreck ofof TRUKTRUK LAGOONLAGOON Issue 19 A Quarterly Publication U-869 In In our previousour articles, we described the discovery and the long road to the identification ofU-869 off the The Fate Of New Jersey coast. We also examined the revised histories issued by the US Coast Guard Historical Center and the US Naval Historical Center, both of which claimed The U-869 the sinking was a result of a depth charge attack by two US Navy vessels in 1945. The conclusion we reached was that the attack by the destroyers was most likely Reexamined, Part on the already-wrecked U-869. If our conclusion is correct, then how did the U-869 come to be on the III bottom of the Atlantic? The Loss of the German Submarine Early Theories The most effective and successful branch of the German By John Chatterton, Richie Kohler, and John Yurga Navy in World War II was the U-boat arm. Hitler feared he would lose in a direct confrontation with the Royal Navy, so the German surface fleet largely sat idle at anchor. Meanwhile, the U-boats and their all- volunteer crews were out at sea, hunting down enemy vessels. They sank the merchant vessels delivering the Allies’ much-needed materials of war, and even were able to achieve some success against much larger enemy warships.