11 00 tt hh aa nn nn uu aa ll FRANK K. KELLY LECTURE ON HUMANITY’S FUTURE BBrreeaakkiinngg FFrreeee FFrroomm nnuucclleeaarr DDeetteerrrreennccee COMMANDER roBert green (Royal Navy, Ret.) building a more peaceful world free of nuclear weapons Frank K. Kelly Lecture ON HUMANITY’S FUTURE he Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Humanity’s Future was established by the Nuclear Age Peace TFoundation in 2002. The lecture series honors the late Frank K. Kelly, a founder and senior vice president of the Foundation, whose vision and compassion are perpetuated through these lectures. Each annual lecture is presented by a distinguished individual to explore the contours of humanity’s present circumstances and ways by which we can shape a more promising future for our planet and all its inhabitants. Mr. Kelly gave the inaugural lecture in 2002 on “Glorious Beings: What We Are and What We May Become.” The lecture presented in this booklet, “Breaking Free from Nuclear Deterrence,” the tenth in the series, was presented by Commander Robert Green (Royal Navy, Ret.) at Santa Barbara City College on February 17, 2011. The 2010 lecture was presented by Ambassador Max Kampelman on “Zero Nuclear Weapons for a Sane and Sustainable World.” The 2009 lecture was presented by Frances Moore Lappé on “Living Democracy, Feeding Hope.” The 2008 lecture was given by Colman McCarthy on “Teach Peace.” The 2007 lecture was delivered by Jakob von Uexküll on “Globalization: Values, Responsibility and Global Justice.” The 2006 lec - ture was presented by Nobel Peace Laureate Mairead Corrigan Maguire on “A Right to Live without Violence, Nuclear Weapons and War.” The 2005 lecture was delivered by Dr. Robert Jay Lifton on “America and the Human Future: Surviving Vietnam, 9/11, and Iraq.” The 2004 lecture in this series was presented by Dame Anita Roddick on “Kind - ness as a Key to Humanity’s Future.” Professor Richard Falk gave the 2003 lecture on “American Civil Liberties and Human Rights Under Siege.” Frank lived a remarkable life. He was a science fiction writer (later inducted into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame), a journalist, a soldier in WWII, a Nieman Fellow at Har - vard University, a speechwriter for Harry Truman, the assistant to the US Senate Major - ity Leader, vice president of the Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions and the author of 10 books. He co-founded the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation in 1982. Beyond all of his achievements, Frank exhibited a remarkable faith in humanity and its future. He lived with a spirit of optimism and hope. He was a visionary advocate for humanity and inspired many people through his writing and teaching to take action on behalf of humanity. Frank’s life brought dignity to being human and his spirit will continue to inspire our efforts to create a more peaceful future. The Frank K. Kelly Lecture series is endowed to carry forward Frank’s vision. If you would like to support the series by adding to the endowment, or if you would like to learn about the unique opportunities to support a specific upcom - ing lecture, please let us know. We also invite you to explore the entire Frank K. Kelly Lecture series and the work of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation by visiting our website: www.wagingpeace.org. Special thanks to the James S. Bower Foundation. introduction By David Krieger, Foundation President he Frank K. Kelly Lecture on Peace and the abolition of Humanity’s Future honors nuclear weapons are the princi - tFrank King Kelly, one of the pal goals for which the Nuclear founders of the Nuclear Age Age Peace Foundation has edu - Peace Foundation. Frank died in cated and advocated for nearly 2010, just one day before his 96th three decades. We have been a birthday. He was a man of bound - voice of reason and conscience less optimism. He believed that and an instigator of thought and humanity has a great future and action on this critical issue. If that everyone deserves a seat at humanity is to have a great humanity’s table. future, it cannot afford contin - In 2011, we have seen images of ued complacency. It must the people of Tunisia, Egypt and awaken and engage in con - other countries in the Middle East fronting ongoing nuclear dan - taking to the streets demanding gers. Nuclear weapons are a change. They remind us that often genie that must be returned to it is necessary to stand up for the bottle. Peace is an imperative what one believes before it is pos - of the Nuclear Age. sible to claim one’s seat at human - Our lecturer is Robert Green, a ity’s table. The protesters in the retired British Royal Navy Com - Middle East have inspired many of us by their mander who now lives in Christchurch, New Zealand courage and commitment in demanding the depar - with his wife, Dr. Kate Dewes. During his service as a ture of long-time dictators. bombardier-navigator, Commander Green had opera - As Frank Kelly recognized, and as we all should, tional responsibility for nuclear weapons. He left the humanity’s future is threatened by nuclear arms, Royal Navy in 1982, after serving for 20 years. Since which are weapons of terrorism, whether in the that time he has been an ardent campaigner for a hands of terrorists or those of the leaders of great world free of nuclear weapons. He played an impor - nations. Nuclear weapons imperil civilization and tant role in obtaining the World Court’s Advisory the human species itself. The great challenge of the Opinion on the illegality of nuclear weapons. I had Nuclear Age is to abolish nuclear weapons. History the pleasure of working with him and Kate in the gives us some cause for hope. Middle Powers Initiative, a coalition of eight interna - In the 19th century, humanity triumphed by abol - tional civil society organizations seeking to encour - ishing institutionalized slavery. age middle power countries to put pressure on the In the 19th and 20th centuries, the women’s rights nuclear weapon states to fulfill their nuclear disarma - movement won its struggle and humanity triumphed. ment obligations under the Nuclear Non-Prolifera - In the 20th century, there were also great move - tion Treaty. ments for independence from colonialism and for Commander Green is one of the more intelligent human and civil rights, bringing new triumphs for and dedicated individuals working for a nuclear humanity, including the creation of the United weapons-free world. He is the author of The Naked Nations and the adoption of the Universal Declara - Nuclear Emperor and, more recently, Security with - tion of Human Rights. out Nuclear Deterrence . His concerns with nuclear In the 20th century, the Berlin Wall fell, the Soviet deterrence go to the very heart of the justification Union split apart and South African apartheid was for nuclear weapons. If deterrence is flawed, so is our overcome. Humanity triumphed. common security and that of our country and our These movements were led by courageous leaders, world. His topic is of vital importance to all of us who including Frederick Douglass, Susan B. Anthony, care about creating a safer and more secure future Mahatma Gandhi, Eleanor Roosevelt, Nelson Man - for humanity. dela, Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., to name Following Commander Green’s Kelly Lecture, we only a few. have included in this booklet the “Santa Barbara But the 20th century also gave rise to two World Declaration, Reject Nuclear Deterrence: An Urgent Wars, to countless other wars, to the holocaust, and Call to Action.” This Declaration was created and to Hiroshima and Nagasaki. adopted at a Nuclear Age Peace Foundation Confer - In the 21st century, we must abolish nuclear ence on the Dangers of Nuclear Deterrence held in weapons before they abolish us, and find better Santa Barbara on February 16-17, 2011. ways to achieve security than by the force of arms. 1 2011 FRANK K. KELLY LECTURE ON HUMANITY’S FUTURE Breaking Free From nuclear Deterrence By Commander Robert Green, (Royal Navy, Ret.) hen David Krieger invited me being cleared to see top secret infor - to give this lecture, I discov - mation, and indoctrinated about the Wered the illustrious list of honor and heavy responsibility of this those who had gone before me – role, we were given our target: a mili - beginning with Frank King Kelly tary airbase on the outskirts of himself in 2002. I was privileged to Leningrad. We had to plan how to get meet him the previous year when my there undetected from somewhere in wife Kate Dewes and I last visited the Norwegian Sea. This meant choos - Santa Barbara. So I feel quite a ing the shortest route, over Sweden – weight on my shoulders. However, a neutral country with very capable air this is eased by an awareness of the defense. Our mission was to deliver a uplifting qualities of the man in ten-kiloton WE177 tactical nuclear whose memory I have the huge bomb, and then try to get back to our honor of speaking to you this carrier, or at least bale out over Swe - evening. den or Norway. When I discovered As I do so, I invite you to bear in there would not be enough fuel mind the following points made by because the target was at the limit of Frank in his inaugural lecture: our aircraft’s range, my pilot shrugged • “I believe that we human beings and said: “Well, Rob, if we ever have will triumph over all the horrible to do this, by then there won’t be any - problems we may face and over the bloody history thing to go back for.” So we submitted our flight plan, and which tempts us to despair.” celebrated our initiation into the nuclear elite.