Icao Definitions Flight Procedures Icao Rules Of

22 AUG08 AIRTRAFFICCONTROL 1

INTRODUCTION This AirTrafficControlSectionisdesignedtoprovide pilots with InternationalCivil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards, Recommended Practicesand P rocedures forinternational operations.Inaddition, on astate-by-statebasis,flightproceduresuniquetoeachstate,ordifferent from thepublishedICAOrules andprocedures, areincluded. Each part of this AirTraffic ControlSection is describedbelow.

ICAODEFINITIONS durespage.Ifthe state hasexceptions to thepub- Thesedefinitions areapplicable to theICAOinfor- lishedholding tables, acomplete tabulation of hold- mation contained in this ATCsection andhavebeen ing speeds is provided. extractedfromappropriateICAOpublications. PROCEDURE LIMITATIONS AND OPTIONS FLIGHT PROCEDURES Statementsconcerning conformance with ICAO Details of thePANS-OPS instrumentdepartureand PANS-OPS areincludedhere. The latestversion approach procedure informationusefultothe pilot-in- of PANS-OPS,VolumeIis provided in theICAO commandinthe execution of an instrument departure Flight Procedures chapter. Thestatement “Instru- or approach procedureare included. Theinformation ment Procedures areinconformancewith thenew is extractedfromthe latestamended edition of Pro- PANS-OPS Document8168,VolumeII” indicates ceduresfor AirNavigation Services—Aircraft Oper- compliance with this document. ations, Document 8168, VolumeI,FlightProcedures. Procedurelimitations, non-standard circling pro- References to earliereditionsare included. tectedarea, airspeedrestrictions, andsimilartype informationisincluded.Significantstatedifferences ICAORULES OF THEAIR—ANNEX with ICAO PANS-OPS Instrument DepartureProce- 2and ICAOATS AIRSPACE duresare also publishedunder this heading. CLASSIFICATIONS—ANNEX 11 AIRPORTOPERATING MINIMUMS ICAO Rules of theAir consist of a nextractionofICAO Thetypelanding,take-offand alternateminimums Annex2.ICAOATS Airspace Classifications contain published by thestate aredeta iled.Ifthe state definitionsand requirements forairspaceclassifica- publishes Obstruction Clearance Altitude/Height tions. (OCA/H), or theearlier PANS-OPS Obstruction ICAORULES OF THEAIR AND AIR ClearanceLimit (OCL)information, theinformation is TRAFFICSERVICES, PANS-RAC noted.Approachban information is also included. (DOC 4444) PILOTCONTROLLEDLIGHTING(P CL) Thesepages contain thoseextractsofthe PANS- Thepilot operatingproceduresare includedfor those RACDocument4444which ICAO hasspecifically States utilizing astandard P CL system. identified as being of particular interest to pilots-in- NOISEABATEMENT PROCEDURES command. Standard procedures,unique to all airportswithin a MACH NUMBER TECHNIQUE stateand notpublishedelsewhere by Jeppesen,are Thesepages contain theobjectives,prerequisites listedhere. andgeneral procedures forMachNumberTechnique ATSAIRSPACECLASSIFICATION as laid outinICAODOC 9426. Newstandardairspace classifications were des- STATEPAGES RULESAND ignatedbyICAOapplicable14November1991. PROCEDURES Thenew classificationsare explained in ICAO ATS Airspace Classification sAnnex 11.Statements Thesepages contain flightinformationapplicableto underthe headingATS AIRSPACECLASSIFICA- thespecific state. They a re compiled by Jeppesen TIONSindicate that thestate hasimplementedthe using thestate’s Aeronautical InformationPublication ICAO classifications, i nclude any stateexceptions, or (AIP)asprimary source material. note that the statehas notimplemented thechange, Thestate name is shownwith thepagenumber, andprovide abrief description of thesystem still in such as Australia-1, Bul garia-1, etc. Informationis effect. presented as follows: SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND GENERAL REGULATIONS Ageneral statementconcerning conformance, or Special restrictions to filingflight plans, nightopera- non-conformancewithICAOproceduresand unitsof tions, special reporti ng procedures, useofnon-stan- measurement used by thestate areprovided. dard altimeter settingprocedures, etc., arelisted FLIGHT PROCEDURES underthis heading. HOLDING DIFFERENCES FROM ICAO Holding speedtables areprovided in theFlight Proce- STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES duresICAOpages.Reference to thespecific, appli- Information publishedislimitedtosignificant statedif- cabletable is included on thestate rulesand proce- ferences with ICAO Definitions,ICAOAnnex 2, Rules of the Air, andPANS-RAC, Document 4444, refer- enced to specificparagraphnumbers.

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© JEPPESEN,1992, 2008. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED. 16 MAY08 AIRTRAFFICCONTROL 101 INTERNATIONAL CIVILAVIATIONORGANIZATION -- DEFINITIONS Definitionsinthislisting areextracted from the followingICAOdocuments: ICAO RULESOFTHE AIR, ANNEX 2 RULES OF THEAIR ANDAIR TRAFFICSERVICES, PANS-RAC(Doc4444) FLIGHT PROCEDURES,PROCEDURES FORAIR NAVIGATION SERVICES —AIRCRAFTOPERATIONS, PANS-OPS (Doc 8168)

DEFINITIONS AERODROME TRAFFICCIRCUIT — Thespecified ACROBATICFLIGHT—Manoeuvres intentionally path to be flownbyaircraft operatinginthe vicinityof performedbyanaircraftinvolving an abruptchange an aerodrome. in its attitude, an abnormal attitude, or an abnormal AERODROME TRAFFICZONE — An airspaceof variationinspeed. defineddimensionsestablished around a naero- ADS AGREEMENT — An ADSreporting plan which dromefor theprotectionofaerodrome traffic. establishesthe conditionsofADS data reporting (i.e., AERONAUTICAL FIXEDSERVICE (AFS) — A data required by theair traffic services unit andfre- telecommunication servicebetween specified fixed quency of ADSreports which havetobeagreedto points provided primarily forthe safety of air navi- prior to theprovision of theADS service s). gation and forthe regular, efficient andeconomical NOTE:The termsofthe agreement will be exchanged operationofair services. betweenthe ground system andthe aircra ft by means AERONAUTICAL FIXED STATION—Astation i nthe of acontract, or aseriesofcontracts. aeronauticalfixed service. ADS CONTRACT — Ameansbywhich theterms AERONAUTICAL GROUND LIGHT—Anylightsp e- of an ADSagreement will be exchangedbetween the cially provided as an aidtoair navigation, other than ground system andthe aircraft, specifying under what alightdisplayedonanaircraft. conditionsADS reportswould be i nitiated,and what AERONAUTICAL INFORMATIONPUBLICATION data would be containedinthe reports. (AIP)—Apublication issued by or with theauthority NOTE:The term “ADS contract” is ageneric term of aState andcontaining aeronau tical informationof meaning variously,ADS eventcontract, ADSdemand alasting characteressential to airnavigation. contract, ADSperiodic contractoranemergency AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SERVICE — Amo bile mode.Groundforwarding of ADSre portsmay be service between aeronauticalstationsand aircraft implementedbetween ground systems. stations, or between aircraft stations, in whichsur- ADVISORYAIRSPACE—An airspaceofdefined vivalcraft stationsmay partici pate; emergency dimensions, or designated route, within whichair traf- position-indicating radio beacon stationsmay also fic advisory service is available. participate in this service on designateddistress and ADVISORY ROUTE — Adesignated routealong emergency frequencies. which air traffic advisoryservice is available. AERONAUTICAL STATION—Alandstation in the NOTE:Air traffic control serviceprovides amuch aeronauticalmobile service. I ncertain instances,an more complete service than air trafficadvisory ser- aeronauticalstation maybelocated, forexample,on vice;advisoryareas androutes aretherefore not boardship or on aplatformatsea. establishedwithin controlled airspace, but air traffic AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION SER- advisory servicemay be providedbelow andabove VICE — Atelecommunicationservice provided for control areas. any aeronautical purpose. AERODROME — Adefined area on land or water AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATION STA- (including any buildings, installations andequipment) TION — Astationinthe aeron auticaltelecommuni- intended to be used either wholly or in part forthe cation service. arrival, departureand surface movement of aircraft. AEROPLANE — Apower-driven heavier-than-air air- NOTE:The term“aerodrome” whereusedinthe pro- craft, deriving its lift in flightchiefly from aerodynamic visions relating to flightplans andATS messages is reactions on surfaces whichremain fixedunder given intended to coveralso sit es other thanaerodromes conditions of flight. which maybeusedbycertain typesofaircraft; e.g., AIRBORNE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM helicopters or balloons. (ACAS) — An aircraft systembasedonsecondary AERODROMECONTROLSERVICE — Airtraffic surveillance radar(SSR)transponder signals which control servicefor aerodrometraffic. operates independently of ground-based equipment AERODROMECONTROLTOWER — Aunit estab- to provideadvice to thepilotonpotentialconflicting lishedtoprovide airtraffic controlservice to aero- aircraft that areequipped with SSR transponders. drometraffic. AIRCRAFT—Anymachine thatcan derive support AERODROMEELEVATION—The elevation of the in theatmosphere from thereactionsofthe airother highestpoint of thelanding area. thanthe reactions of theair againstthe earth’ssur- face. AERODROME TRAFFIC—Alltrafficonthe manoeu- vringareaofanaerodrome and all aircraft flying in the AIRCRAFTADDRESS — Auniquecombination of vicinity of an aerodrome. 24 bits availablefor assignment to an aircraft forthe purposeofair-groundcommunications,navigation NOTE:Anaircraftisinthe vicinity of an aerodrome andsurveillance. when it is in,entering or leaving an aerodrome traffic circuit.

FLIGHT PROCEDURES (DOC 8168) Extracted from ICAO Document 8168, Volume I-FourthEdition —Flight Procedures, PROCEDURES FOR AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES —AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS, herein known as PANS-OPS.

1GENERAL individual States is explained under thesubtitle “Flight Procedures”. 1.1 This sectiondescribes operational procedures and outlines theparameters on whichthe cri- teriaofICAODocument 8168, Volume II – Construc- tion of Visual andInstrument Flight Procedures, are based, so as to illustrate theneed forpilots to ad- here strictly to thepublished procedures. 1.1.1 Withthe exception of this introductory material, paragraphs have been extractedinwhole or in part from PANS-OPS. The PANS-OPSpara- graph numbers are used beginning with Part II. 1.2 PANS-OPS VERSUS PREVIOUS EDITIONSTOPANS-OPS 1.2.1Instrument Departure and Approach Procedures 1.2.1.1 Thereare instrumentdeparture and approach procedurespublishedthatwere developed prior to theICAOproceduresinitially established with ICAO Document 8168, Volume I, First and Sec- ondEditions.These proceduresmay have applied different procedure criteria. 1.2.1.2 Procedures developed in accordance withthe ICAOProcedures areindicated with amar- ginnotation“PANS-OPS”, “PANS-OPS 3” or “PANS-OPS 4”. PANS-OPS — indicates that theState has specified thatthe approach procedure complies with ICAO Document 8168, Volume II,First or Second Edition. PANS-OPS 3— further indicates thatholding speeds to be used are those specified in ICAO Doc- ument8168, Volume II, Third Edition.

NOTE: Forapplying thecorrect holdingspeed, refer to therespective State RULESAND PROCEDURES page.

PANS-OPS 4— further indicates that the acceler- ation segment criteriahavebeen deleted, as former- ly published in ICAO Document 8168,Volume II, First,Secondand Third Editions.

NOTE: AccelerationSegment criteria publishedin previouseditions of Document 8168 are contained in Appendix1.

1.2.2Obstacle Clearance Limit —OCL 1.2.2.1 Afew approach charts which still show an OCLinthe profile section have not been converted to the PANS-OPSstandard. The airspace protected forthe IAPissmaller, andnormally the speedisrestrictedtoamaximum 150KTASwith an omnidirectionalwindof60kt. 1.3 STATEPAGES —RULES AND PROCEDURES 1.3.1 On RULES ANDPROCEDURES pages, theconversion statusofthe IAPs applicablefor the

©JEPPESENSANDERSON, INC.2002, 2005. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED. 9DEC 05 AIRTRAFFIC CONTROL 213

FLIGHT PROCEDURES (DOC 8168)PARTIII. APPROACH PROCEDURES Onlyafew instrument approachprocedures (IAPs) areleftwhich areconstructedinaccordance with the standards in an earlierversion of PANS-OPS. This means IAPs areconstructed on abasic criteria which includestangiblevaluesasfollows: –maximumTAS 150kt; –omnidirectional wind speed up to 60 kt.

1GENERAL CRITERIA 1.6.2 Operators mayspecifytwo types of approach procedures fornon-precision approaches. 1.2 THEINSTRUMENT APPROACH Thefirst is that described as: “descend immediately PROCEDURE to notbelow theminimum stepdown fixalti- tude/heightorMDA/H as appropriate”. This method 1.2.1 The design of an instrument approach is acceptableaslongasthe achieveddescent gradi- procedureis, in general,dictatedbythe terrainsur- ent remains below 15 percent andthe missed ap- roundingthe aerodrome,the type of operationscon- proach is initiated at or before theMAP.Alternatively, templated andthe aircraft to be accommodated. operators are encouragedtouse astabilized ap- Theses factors in turn influence thetypeand siting proachtechnique fornon-precision approaches. of navigation aidsinrelationtothe runway or aero- This technique requires acontinuousdescentwith a drome.Airspace restrictions mayalso affect thesit- rate of descentadjusted to achieveaconstant de- ingofnavigation aids. scentgradienttoapoint 15m (50 ft)abovethreshold, taking dueregard of theminimumcrossing alti- 1.2.2 An instrumentapproachprocedure may tudes/heightsspecifiedfor theFAF andany have fiveseparatesegments. Theyare thearrival, prescribed stepdown fix. If therequiredvisualrefer- initial, intermediate, final andmissed approach seg- ence approaching MDA/Hisnot achieved, or if the ments.The approach segmentsbegin andend at MAP is reachedbeforereaching theMDA/H,the designated fixes. However, undersomecircum- missed approach must be initiated. In either case, stances certain of thesegmentsmay begin at speci- aircraftare notpermittedtogobelow theMDA/H at fied pointswhere no fixesare available;e.g., thefi- anytime.The stabilized approach technique is also nalapproach segment of aprecisionapproach may associatedwith operator-specified limitsofspeed, originateatthe point of intersectionofthe designat- power, configuration and displacement at (a)speci- ed intermediate flight altitude withthe nominal glide fiedheight(s) designedtoensure thestability of the path. approach pathand arequirement foranimmediate 1.2.3 Wheneverpossible,astraight-in ap- go-around if these requirementsare notmet. proach will be specified which is aligned with the runway centerline.Inthe case of non-precision ap- NOTE: proaches,astraight-in approachisconsidered ac- 1. To achieveaconstantdescentgradient where ceptable if theangle betweenthe final approach stepdownfixes are specified, descent maybe trackand therunwaycenterlineis30° or less. delayeduntil afterpassing theFAF,orthe FAF crossedatanincreased altitude/height.Ifa 1.2.4 In those caseswhere terrain or other greaterheightisused, ATCclearance shouldbe constraints cause thefinal approach trackalignment obtainedtoensureseparation. or descentgradient to fall outsidethe criteria fora 2. When using the “stabilized approach” technique straight-in approach,acircling approach will be in anon-precision approach, the height/altitude specified. The finalapproachtrackofacircling ap- at which themissedapproach maneuver is initi- proach procedure is in most cases alignedtopass atedisamatter of pilot judgement based on the over some portion of theusablelanding surface of prevailing conditions and theoverriding require- theaerodrome. ment to remain above theMDA/H.Whereanop- 1.2.5 Minimum sector altitudes/terminalar- erator specifies an advisory initiationalti- rivalaltitudes. Minimum sector altitudes or terminal tude/height (above MDA/H) basedonaverage arrivalaltitudesare established foreach aerodrome conditions,the associated visibility requirements andprovide at least 300 m(984 ft) obstacle clear- should be based on theMDA/H and notthe advi- ance within46km(25 NM) of thenavigationaid,ini- sory altitude/height. tial approach fixorintermediatefix associated with 3. In allcases,regardless of theflight technique theapproach procedure forthat aerodrome. used, cold temperature correctionmust be ap- 1.6 FACTORSAFFECTING plied to all minimumaltitudes (see Part VI,Chap- ter3,3.3). OPERATIONAL MINIMA ThefollowingICAOtablesindicatethe specified In general,minima are developed by add- 1.6.1 rangeofhandlingspeedsfor each categoryofair- ing theeffect of anumber of operational factors to crafttoperformthe maneuvers specified. This speed OCA/H to produce,inthe case of precision ap- ranges have been assumed foruse in calculating proaches,decision altitude (DA) or decision height airspace and obstacleclearance requirementsfor (DH)and, in thecase of non-precision approaches, each procedure. minimumdescent altitude (MDA) or minimum descent height (MDH). The general operational factors to be consideredare specified in Annex 6.

©JEPPESENSANDERSON, INC.2002, 2005. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED. 24 FEB06 AIR TRAFFICCONTROL 301

ICAO RULESOFTHE AIR —ANNEX2 ICExAO RULtrES OFactTHEAIRed— ANNEX2from ICAO Rulesofthe Air, Annex 2

CHAPTER 1—DEFINITIONS 2.3RESPONSIBILITY FOR COMPLIANCE WITHTHE RULESOF SeeICAODefinitionspublished on AIRTRAFFIC CONTROLpages,Series100. THEAIR CHAPTER 2—APPLICABILITYOF 2.3.1 ResponsibilityofPilot-in-Command THE RULESOFTHE AIR Thepilot-in-commandofanaircraftshall, whether manipulatingthe controls or not, be responsiblefor 2.1 TERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF the operationofthe aircraft in accordance withthe THE RULESOFTHE AIR rulesofthe air, except that thepilot-in-command maydepart fromthese rulesincircumstances that 2.1.1 Therules of theair shallapply to aircraft render such departureabsolutely necessaryinthe bearingthe nationalityand registration marksofa interests of safety. Contracting State, wherever theymay be, to theextent thattheydonot conflictwiththe rulespublished 2.3.2 Pre-Flight Action by the Statehavingjurisdictionoverthe territory Before beginningaflight, thepilot-in-command of an overflown. aircraft shallbecomefamiliarwithall availableinfor- NOTE:The council of theInternational CivilAviation mationappropriate to theintended operation. Organization resolved,inadopting Annex2inApril Pre-flight actionfor flights away from thevicinityof 1948 andAmendment 1tothe said AnnexinNo- an aerodrome, andfor allIFR flights, shall includea vember 1951,thatthe Annexconstitutes“Rulesre- careful studyofavailablecurrentweather reports lating to theflight andmanoeuvreofaircraft” within and forecasts, taking into considerationfuelrequire- themeaning of Article12ofthe Convention.Over ments andanalternative course of action if theflight thehighseas, therefore,these rulesapply without cannot be completedasplanned. exception. 2.4AUTHORITYOF 2.1.2 If,and so long as,aContracting State PILOT-IN-COMMAND OF AN hasnot notifiedthe InternationalCivil Aviation Orga- AIRCRAFT nization to the contrary,itshallbedeemed,asre- gardsaircraftofits registration, to have agreed as Thepilot-in-commandofanaircraft shallhavefinal follows: authorityastothe disposition of the aircraft whilein command. Forpurposes of flight over those partsofthe high seas whereaContracting State hasaccepted,pur- 2.5PROBLEMATIC USEOF suanttoaregionalair navigation agreement, there- PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES sponsibility of providingair traffic services, the“ap- propriateATS authority” referred to in this Annexis No person whose function is critical to thesafety of therelevantauthoritydesignated by theState re- aviation (safety-sensitive personnel) shallundertake sponsiblefor providingthose services. thatfunction while under theinfluence of anypsy- choactive substance, by reasonofwhich human per- NOTE:The phrase “regional airnavigation agree- formance is impaired. No such personshall engage ment”referstoanagreementapproved by theCoun- in any kind of problematicuse of substances. cilofICAOnormally on theadviceofaRegional Air NavigationalMeeting. CHAPTER3—GENERAL RULES 2.2COMPLIANCE WITH THE RULESOF 3.1PROTECTION OF PERSONS AND THE AIR PROPERTY Theoperation of an aircraft eitherinflight or on the 3.1.1 NegligentorRecklessOperation of movement area of an aerodromeshall be in compli- Aircraft ance with the general rules and, in addition, when in An aircraft shall notbeoperated in anegligentor flight, either with: recklessmannersoastoendanger lifeorproperty a. thevisualflight rules,or of others. b. theinstrumentflight rules. NOTE 1: Information relevant to the services provided to aircraft operating in accordance withbothvisu- al flight rulesand instrument flight rulesinthe seven ATSairspaceclasses contained in Annex11are publishedonENROUTE Page 21.

NOTE 2: Apilotmay electtofly in accordance with instrumentflightrules in visual meteorologicalcondi- tionsorhemay be required to do so by the appropri- ateATS authority.

©JEPPESEN SANDERSON,INC.1999, 2006. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED. 16 MAY08 AIRTRAFFICCONTROL 401 AIRTRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (DOC 4444) Extracted from ICAO Document 4444, Fifteenth Edition, PROCEDURES FORAIR NAVIGATION SERVICES —AIR TRAFFICMANAGEMENT,hereinknown as PANS- ATM.

1DEFINITIONS ATCworkingposition within aunitorsector, theduties Referto’InternationalCivil AviationOrganization Def- andresponsibilitiesofthe individual working positions initions’chapter. shall be defined. 4GENERAL PROVISIONS FORAIR 4.3.2Between aUnitProviding Aerodrome ControlService andaUnit Providing TRAFFIC SERVICES Approach ControlService 4.1 RESPONSIBILITY FORTHE 4.3.2.1 Except forflightswhich areprovided PROVISIONOFAIR TRAFFIC aerodromecontrol service only,the controlofarriv- CONTROLSERVICE ing anddepartingcontrolledflights shall be divided between unitsproviding aerodromecontrol service 4.1.1 Area ControlService andunitsproviding approach controlservice as fol- Area control service shall be provided: lows: a. by an area controlcentre(ACC);or 4.3.2.1.1 Arriving aircraft. Controlofan b. by theunit providing approach controlservice arriving aircraft shall be transferredfromthe unit pro- in acontrol zone or in acontrolareaoflimited vidingapproachcontrol service to theunit providing extent whichisdesignatedprimarily forthe pro- aerodromecontrol servicewhenthe aircraft: vision of approach control service,whennoACC a. is in the vicinityofthe aerodrome, and is established. 1. it is considered that approach andlanding 4.1.2ApproachControl Service will be completedinvisual referencetothe Approach control service shall be p rovided: ground,or a. by an aerodromecontroltower or an ACC, when 2. hasreached uninterrupted visual meteoro- it is necessary or desirable to combi ne under logical conditions, or theresponsibility of oneunitthe functions of the b. is at aprescribed point or level, or approach controlservice and thoseofthe aero- c. haslanded, dromecontrol service or theareaco ntrol ser- as specifiedinletters of agreeme nt or ATSunit vice;or instructions. b. by an approach controlunit,whenit is necessary or desirabletoestablishaseparate unit. 4.3.2.1.2 Transferofcommunications to the aerodromecontroller should be effected at such a NOTE:Approachcontrolservice may be provided by point, levelortime that clearance to landoralternative aunit collocated with an ACC, or by acontrol sector instructions, as well as information on essential local within an ACC. traffic, canbeissued in atimelymanner. 4.1.3 AerodromeControl Service NOTE:Eventhoughthere is an approach controlunit, Aerodromecontrol serviceshall be providedbyan controlofcertain flights maybetransferred directly aerodromecontroltower. from an ACCtoanaerodrome contr ol towerand vice versa, by prior arrangementbetweenthe unitscon- 4.2 RESPONSIBILITY FORTHE cernedfor therelevant part of approach control ser- PROVISIONOFFLIGHT vice to be provided by theACC or theaerodrome con- INFORMATIONSERVICE AND trol tower, as applicable. ALERTING SERVICE 4.3.2.1.3 Departingaircraft.Control of a Flight information servicean dalerting service shall departingaircraft shall be transferredfromthe unit be providedasfollows: providing aerodromecontrol service to theunitpro- a. within aflight informationregion(FIR): by aflight vidingapproachcontrol s ervice: information centre, unlessthe responsibilityfor a. when visual meteorologicalconditions prevailin providingsuchservices is assigned to an air thevicinity of theaerodr ome: traffic control unit having adequate facilities for 1. priortothe timethe aircraft leaves thevicin- theexercise of such responsibilities; ity of theaerodrome, b. within controlled airspace andatcontrolled 2. priortothe aircraft entering instrument aerodromes: by the relevant airtraffic control meteorological conditions, or units. 3. when theaircraftisataprescribed pointor 4.3 DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITY level, FORCONTROL BETWEENAIR as specifiedinlettersofagreement or ATSunit TRAFFICCONTROL UNITS instructions; b. when instrumentmeteorologicalconditionspre- 4.3.1 General vail at the aerodrome: TheappropriateATS authority shall designate the 1. immediatelyafter theaircraftisairborne, or area of responsibility foreachair traffic control (ATC) unit and, when applicable, forindividual controlsec- 2. when theaircraftisataprescribed pointor tors within an ATCunit. Wherethere is more than one level,

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EXAMPLES

AS SPOKEN IN RADIOTELEPHONY AS RECORDED BY THEAIR TRAFFIC SERVICES UNITAND FORWARDED TO THE METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE CONCERNED I.1 AIREP SPEEDBIRD FIFESIX AITPOSITION I. BAW568 4925N050W 1317 F310 MS47 255/ FOWerNINer TOOFIFENORTH ZEROFIFE 65KT TURB MODICE FBL ZEROWEST AT WUN TREE WUNSEVen FLIGHT LEVEL TREE WUN ZERO NEXT POSI- TION FIFE ZERONORTH ZERO FOWerZERO WEST AT WUNTREEFIFE FIFEFOLLOWING POINTFIFEZERONORTH ZEROTREEZERO WEST ENDURANCE ZERO AITTREEZERO TEMPERATURE MINUS FOWerSEVen WIND TOOFIFEFIFEDEGREES SIXFIFEKNOTS TURBULENCE MODERATE ICINGLIGHT II.2 JAPANAIRFOWer FOWerWUN OVER ORDON II. JAL441 ORDON0930F350MS53 AT ZERO NINerTREE ZERO FLIGHT LEVEL 310/60KMH TURB FBLICE FBL TREE FIFE ZERONEXT POSITION ONADE AT WUNZEROZEROSEVen FOLLOWING POINT OMPPATEMPERATURE MINUS FIFE TREE WIND TREE WUNZERODEGREES SIXZERO KILOMETERS PER HOUR TURBULENCE LIGHTICING LIGHT III.3 AIREP SPECIAL CLIPPERWUN ZERO WUN III. ARSPAA101 5045N02015W1536F310ASC POSITION FIFE ZERO FOWerFIFENORTH F350 TSGR ZEROTOO ZERO WUNFIFEWEST AT WUN FIFE TREESIX FLIGHT LEVEL TREE WUN ZEROCLIMBINGTOFLIGHTLEVEL TREE FIFE ZERO THUNDERSTORMWITHHAIL IV.4 SPECIAL NIUGINITOO SEVen TREE OVER IV. ARSANG273 MD 0846 19000FTTURB SEV MADANG AT ZERO AITFOWerSIX WUNNINer TOUSAND FEET TURBULENCESEVERE

1 routine air-reportfor atrans-oceanic flight whichhas beendesignated to reportroutinemeteorologicalobservations at meridians spaced at intervalsof10degrees.The informationofthe nextposition, ensuing significant point and enduranceare not required fortransmission to themeteorologicalofficesconcerned. 2 Aroutine air-reportfor atrans-oceanicflight which is requiredtoreportroutinemeteorologicalobservations at specifiedsignificant points.The informationofthe nextpositionand theensuing significant point are not required fortransmission to themeteorologicaloffices concerned 3 Aspecialair-reportwhichisrequired because of theoccurrence of widespreadthunderstormswithhail. 4 Aspecialair-reportwhichisrequired because of severe turbulence.The aircraft is on QNH altimetersetting

AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS

AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS ExtractedfromICAOANNEX 10 (Vol., II)Sixth Edition—AERONAUTICAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS.

5AERONAUTICAL MOBILE SERVICE 12000one twothousand —VOICE COMMUNICATIONS cloudheighttransmitted as 5.2 RADIOTELEPHONY PROCEDURES 2200 twothousandtwo 5.2.1 General hundred 5.2.1.2 Language to be Used 4300 four thousand three 5.2.1.2.1 Theair-groundradiotelephony hundred communications shallbeconducted in thelanguage normally usedbythe station on the ground or in the visibility transmittedas Englishlanguage. 1000 visibility onethousand NOTE 1: Thelanguagenormally usedbythe station on thegroundmay not necessarily be thelanguage 700visibility sevenhundred of theState in which it is located. Acommonlan- guagemay be agreeduponregionally as arequire- runwayvisual transmitted as ment forstations on thegroundinthatregion. range

NOTE 2: Thelevel of language proficiency required 600RVR sixhundred foraeronautical radiotelephony communicationsis specified in the Appendix to Annex1. 1700 RVRone thousand seven hundred 5.2.1.2.2 TheEnglishlanguageshall be available, on request from anyaircraftstation,atall 5.2.1.4.1.3 Numberscontaining adecimal stationsonthe ground servingdesignatedairports point shallbetransmittedasprescribed in androutesusedbyinternational airservices. 5.2.1.4.1.1 withthe decimalpoint in appropriate sequence beingindicated by theword“DECIMAL” . 5.2.1.2.3 Thelanguagesavailableatagiv- en station on thegroundshall form part of theAero- NOTE:The followingexamplesillustratethe applica- nautical Information Publicationsand otherpub- tion of this procedure. lishedaeronauticalinformation concerning such facilities. Number Transmittedas 5.2.1.4 TransmissionofNumbers in Radiotelephony 100.3ONE ZERO ZERO DECIMAL THREE

5.2.1.4.1 Transmission of Numbers 38143.9 THREE EIGHT ONE FOUR THREE 5.2.1.4.1.1 Allnumbers,except as pre- DECIMALNINE scribedin5.2.1.4.1.2, shallbetransmittedbypro- nouncing each digitseparately. NOTE:For identification of VHFfrequencies the number of digits afterthe decimalpoint aredeter- 5.2.1.4.1.2 Allnumbers used in thetrans- minedonthe basisofchannelspacing (5.2.1.7.3.4.3 mission of altitude, cloudheight, visibility andrun- referstofrequencies separated by 25 kHz, wayvisualrange (RVR), whichcontain wholehun- 5.2.1.7.3.4.4 refers to frequencies separatedby8.33 dredsand wholethousands, shallbetransmittedby kHz. pronouncing eachdigit in the numberofhundreds or thousandsfollowedbythe word “HUNDRED” or 5.2.1.4.1.4 PANS —Whentransmitting “THOUSAND” as appropriate. Combinationsof time, only theminutes of the hour shouldnormally thousands andwhole hundredsshall be transmitted be required. Each digitshouldbepronouncedsepa- by pronouncing each digitinthe number of thou- rately. However, the hour should be includedwhen sandsfollowedbythe word “THOUSAND” followed anypossibility of confusionislikelytoresult. by the number of hundredsfollowedbythe word “HUNDRED” NOTE:The followingexamplesillustratethe application of thisprocedure when applying theprovisions NOTE:The followingexamplesillustrate theapplica- of 5.2.1.2.2. tion of thisprocedure (see 5.2.1.4.3.1 forpronuncia- tion. Time Statement

Altitudetransmitted as 0920 (9:20A.M.) TOOZE-RO or ZE-RONIN-er TOOZERO 800eight hundred 1643 (4:43 P. M.) FOW-er TREE or 3400 three thousand four hundred WUN SIXFOW-erTREE

©JEPPESEN SANDERSON,INC.2000, 2006. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED. 22 SEP06 AIR TRAFFICCONTROL 475

TRAFFIC INFORMATIONBROADCASTS BY AIRCRAFT (TIBA) TRAFFICINFExORMATIONtrBRacOADCASTtedSBYAIRCRAfrFTom(TIBA) ICAO Annex 11 —Air TrafficServices –Air Traffic ControlAnnexes to DOC7300 (AttachmentC)

1INTRODUCTION AND 2.3TIME OF BROADCASTS APPLICABILITY OF BROADCASTS Abroadcast should be made: 1.1 Trafficinformation broadcastsbyaircraft are a. 10 minutesbeforeentering thedesignated air- intended to permit reports and relevant supplemen- space or,for apilottaking offfromanaerodrome tary informationofanadvisorynaturetobetransmit- locatedwithinthe lateral limits of thedesignated tedbypilots on adesignated VHFradiotelephone airspace,assoonasappropriateafter take-off; (RTF)frequency forthe information of pilots of other b. 10 minutes priortocrossing areporting point; aircraftinthe vicinity. c. 10 minutes priortocrossingorjoining an ATS 1.2 TIBAs shouldbeintroduced only when nec- route; essaryand as atemporarymeasure. d. at 20-minuteintervalsbetween distantreporting points; 1.3 Thebroadcast procedures should be applied in designated airspace where: e. 2to5minutes, wherepossible,beforeachange in flight level; a. thereisaneed to supplementcollisionhazard informationprovidedbyair trafficservicesout- f. at the timeofachange in flight level; and side controlledairspace; or g. at anyothertimeconsiderednecessary by the b. thereisatemporarydisruption of normalair traf- pilot. fic services. 2.4FORMSOFBROADCAST 1.4 Such airspaces shouldbeidentifiedbythe 2.4.1 Thebroadcasts other than those indicat- States responsiblefor provisionofair trafficservices ingchangesinflightlevel,i.e.the broadcastsre- withinthese airspaces, if necessarywiththe assis- ferred to in 2.3 a., b.,c., d. andg., should be in the tance of the appropriateICAORegional Office(s), followingform: anddulypromulgatedinaeronautical information publications or NOTAM, together withthe VHFRTF ALLSTATIONS (necessarytoidentify atraffic frequency,the messageformats andthe procedures informationbroadcast) to be used. Where, in the case of 1.3 a.,morethan oneState is involved,the airspace should be desig- (callsign) natedonthe basisofregionalair navigationagree- mentsand promulgated in Doc7030. FLIGHTLEVEL (number) (or CLIMBING1 TO FLIGHTLEVEL (number)) 1.5 When establishing adesignated airspace, datesfor thereviewofits applicability at intervalsnot (direction) exceeding 12 monthsshouldbeagreed by the ap- propriateATC authority(ies). (ATS route)(or DIRECT FROM (position) TO (position)) 2DETAILS OF BROADCASTS POSITION (position 2 )AT(time) 2.1 VHFRTF FREQUENCY TO BE USED ESTIMATING(next reportingpoint,orthe point of 2.1.1 TheVHF RTFfrequency to be used crossing or joiningadesignatedATS route) AT should be determinedand promulgated on aregion- (time) al basis. However, in thecase of temporarydisrup- tion occurring in controlledairspace, theStates re- (callsign) sponsiblemay promulgate, as theVHF RTF frequency to be usedwithinthe limitsofthatair- FLIGHTLEVEL (number) space, afrequency usednormally forthe provision (direction) of airtrafficcontrol service withinthat airspace. 2.1.2 WhereVHF is usedfor air-groundcom- Fictitious example: munications withATS andanaircraft hasonlytwo “ALL STAT IONS WINDAR 671FLIGHTLEVEL 350 serviceableVHF sets, one shouldbetuned to the NORTHWEST BOUNDDIRECT FROM PUNTA appropriate ATSfrequency and the othertothe TIBA SAGA TO PAMPAPOSITION 5040 SOUTH 2010 frequency. EASTAT2358ESTIMATINGCROSSING ROUTE 2.2 LISTENING WATCH LIMA THREEONE AT 4930 SOUTH 1920EAST AT 0012WINDAR671 FLIGHT LEVEL 350 Alistening watch shouldbemaintained on theTIBA NORTHWEST BOUND OUT” frequency 10 minutesbeforeentering thedesignated airspaceuntil leaving this airspace. Foranaircraft 1.Forthe broadcast referredtoin2.3 a. in thecase taking offfromanaerodromelocatedwithinthe lat- of an aircrafttakingoff from an aerodrome located eral limitsofthe designated airspace listening watch withinthe laterallimitsofthe designated airspace. should startassoonasappropriate after take-off 2.Forbroadcastsmadewhen the aircraft is notnear andbemaintaineduntil leavingthe airspace. an ATSsignificant point, the positionshould be given as accurateaspossible and in anycase to the nearest30minuteoflatitude andlongitude.

©JEPPESENSANDERSON,INC.2006. ALLRIGHTSRESERVED. 31 OCT 08 AIRTRAFFICCONTROL 603

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andtosee andavoid obstaclesinthe take-off Thetake-offminimumsestablishedbyanoperator area.Suchaircraftmay be operated to take-off mustbebasedupon the height from which theone minimums showninTable 3. engineinoperativenet take-off flightpathcan be constructed.The RVR/VISminimumsused maynot be lowerthan either thosespecified in Ta ble2or3.

Table 2TAKE-OFFRVR/VIS RVR/VIS(m) 1 , 2 Facilities CATA,B&C CATD Approved Operators (withapprovedlateral guidance system) 3 75 Approved Operators 4 125 150 RL,CL&multiple RVRinformation 5 150 200 RL &CL 200 250 RL and/or RCLM 6 250 300 Nil(Dayonly) 500

1 ForRVR/VISbelow 400m LowVisibilityProcedure must be in use. 2 ThereportedRVR/VIS of theinitial partoftake-off run canbereplacedbypilotassessment. 3 Foradditional informationabout ApprovedOperators refer to thedescription below this table. 4 Foradditional informationabout ApprovedOperators refer to thedescription below this table. 5 TherequiredRVR valuemustbeachievedfor allrelevant RVRreporting pointsexcept theinitial partoftake-off run. 6 Fornight operations at leastRLand runwayend lightsare required. Approved Operators: 4. A90m visual segmentisavailablefromthe a. Subject to theapprovalofthe Authorityand pro- cockpit at thestartofthe take-off run, vided therequirements in paragraphs 1. to 5. 5. TherequiredRVR value hasbeen below have been met, an operator mayreduce achievedfor all of the relevant RVRreport- thetake-off minimumto125m/150m when: ing points. 1. Low Visibility Procedures areinforce, b. Subjecttoapprovalofthe Authority,anoperator 2. High intensity CL spaced 15morlessand of an aircraft usinganapprovedlateral guidance HIRL spaced60m or less areinoperation, system or an approved HUD/HUDLSfor take-off mayreducethe take-off minimumtonot lower 3. Crewshavesatisfactorily completedtrain- than RVR75m providedrunwayprotection and ing in asimulatorapprovedfor this proce- facilitiesequivalent to Category IIIlandingoper- dure, ationsare available.

Table 3ASSUMED ENGINE FAILURE HEIGHT ABOVE THERUNWAY VERSUS RVR/VIS Take-off RVR/VIS Assumed engine failure height (ft) abovethe take-off runway RVR/VIS(m) 1 50 or less 200 51 -100 300 101 -150 400 151 -200 500 201 -300 1000 more than 3001500 2

1 ThereportedRVR/VISofthe initialpartofthe take-off runcan be replacedbypilot assessment. 2 1500m is also applicable if no positivetake-offflight pathcan be constructed. When reported RVR/VISisnot available,the com- An operator must ensure that thevisibility is not mander shallnot commence take-off unlesshecan below: determine that theactualconditions satisfythe appli- –the State published circlingVIS, cabletake-offminimum. –the VISfromTable 4, 7CIRCLE-TO-LAND MINIMUMS –the RVR/CMVofthe preceding instrument (EU-OPS 1) approachprocedure. An operator must ensure that theMDH is notbelow: –the State published circlingOCA(H), –the MDHfromTable 4, –the MDHofthe preceding instrument approach procedure.

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–TDZ, –the minimumheight to whichthe precision –RL, approachaid canbeusedwithout therequired visual reference, –othervisualreferences accepted by theauthority. –the OCHfor theaircraftcategory, 9LOWER THANSTANDARD CATI –the decision heightthe flight crew is authorizedto OPERATIONS(EU-OPS 1) operate, DECISION HEIGHT –200ft Adecision heightfor LowerThanStandard CATI whichever is higher. operationsmust notbelower than: RVR/CMV –the DH specified in theAircraftFlight Manualor Thelowest RVRvalues to be used by an operator for equivalentdocuments, Lower Than StandardCAT Ioperations areshown in Table11below.

Table11RVR/CMVLOWER THAN STANDARD CATIOPERATIONS RVR/CMV(m) dependingonClassofLightingFacility 1 , 2 DH (ft) FALS IALS BALS NALS 200–210400 3 500600 750 211–220450 550650 800 221–230500 600700 900 231–240500 650750 1000 241–249550 700800 1100

1 Foroperations to aminimum RVRof450m ClassI/T/1 ILSrequired. 2 Foroperations with RVRlessthan450m ClassII/D/2ILS required. 3 Foroperations with RVRbelow 450m TDZand/or CL required. VISUAL REFERENCE –The aircraft shall be certified in accordanceto Thepilot shallnot continue an approach below deci- CS-AWO to conduct CATIIoperations. sionheightunless visual referencecontaining oneof –The autoland system shall be approved forCAT thefollowing elementsisattained and canbemain- IIIA operations. tained: –Inservice provingrequirementsshall be com- –atleast 3consecutivelightsbeing the centerline pleted(aircraft, aerodrome, runway). of theapproach lights, –Trainingshall be completed(low visibility opera- –TDZ,CLorRL, tions–training&qualification applicabletoCAT II –oracombinationofthe above. operations as of Appendix 1toOPS 1.450). Thevisualreference must include alateral element –The operator must ensurethat LowVisibilityPro- of theground pattern(likeanapproachlightingcross- cedures areestablished andinoperation at the bar, landing threshold, abarrette of theTDZ)unless landing aerodrome. theoperation is conductedutilizing an approved Duetothe requirements aboveJeppesenwill HUDLStoatleast 150ft abovethreshold. publishminimums forLower Than Standard CAT Ioperations on operator’s request on tailored TYPE OF FACILITY charts. An ILS/MLSwhich supports Lower ThanStandard CATIoperationsmustbeanunrestricted facility with 10 STANDARD CATIIOPERATIONS astraight-in courseequal to or less than 3° offsetand (EU-OPS 1) theILS must be certificated to: DECISION HEIGHT –Class I/T/1 foroperationstoaminimumRVR of 450m, An operator must ensurethatthe decision height is notlower than: –Class II/D/2for operationstoless than 450m RVR. –The minimumdecisionheightspecifiedinthe Air- Single ILS facilities areonly acceptableifLevel 2per- craftFlightManual or equivalentdocuments, formanceisprovided. –the minimumheight to whichthe precision APPROVAL approachaid canbeusedwithout the required To conductLower Than Standard CATIoperations: visual reference, – Theoperatorshall be approved by theauthor- –the OCHfor theaircraft category, ity. –the decision heighttowhich theflightcrewis –The approach shallbeflown auto-coupledtoan authorizedtooperate, autoland or an approved HUDLS shallbeused to –100ft, at least 150ftabove threshold. whichever is higher.

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RVR Thelowestminimumstobeusedbyanoperatorfor CATIIoperationsare showninTable 12 below.

Table 12 RVRSTANDARD CATIIOPERATIONS DH (ft) RVR(m) CATA,B&C1 RVR(m) CATD2 100–120 300 300/350 3 121–140 400 141and above 450

1 Auto-coupled or Approved HUDLS to belowDH–whichmeans continued useofthe automaticflight control system or the HUDLS down to aheight of 80% of the DH. 2 Auto-coupled or Approved HUDLS to belowDH–whichmeans continued useofthe automaticflight control system or the HUDLS down to aheight of 80% of the DH. 3 RVR300m maybeusedfor aircraft conducting an autoland. VISUAL REFERENCE –the minimumdecision height specified in theAir- Thepilot shall notcontinue an approach belowdeci- craftFlightManualorequivalent documents, sion height unless visual referencecontainingone of –the minimumheighttowhich the precision the following elements is attainedand can be main- approach aid canbeusedwithout the required tained: visual reference, –atleast 3consecutivelightsbeingthe centerline –the OCHfor theaircraftcategory, of theapproachlights, –the decision height to which theflight crew is –TDZ,CLorRL, authorized to operate, –oracombination of theabove. –100ft, Thevisual referencemust includealateral element whicheverishigher. of thegroundpattern (likeanapproachlighting cross- bar,landing threshold, abarrette of theTDZ)unless RVR the operationisconducted utilizinganapproved Thelowestminimumsdepend on DH andavailable HUDLStotouchdown. approach lightsystemasshown in Table13below. 11 OTHERTHAN STANDARD CATII OPERATIONS (EU-OPS 1) DECISIONHEIGHT An operator must ensurethatthe decision height is not lowerthan:

Table 13 RVROTHER THAN STANDARD CATIIOPERATIONS RVR(m) 1 , 2 , 3 FALS IALS BALS NALS DH (ft) CATA,B&C CATD CATA-D CATA-D CATA-D 100–120 350 4 400 5 450600 700 121–140 400 6 450500 600700 141–160 450 500500 600750 161–199 450 500550 650750

1 Foroperations to aminimumRVR of 450m ClassI/T/1 ILSrequired. 2 Foroperations with RVRless than 450m ClassII/D/2 ILSrequired. 3 Autoland or approvedHUDLS utilized to touchdown. 4 Foroperations in RVRof400m or less CL must be available. 5 Foroperations in RVRof400m or less CL must be available. 6 Foroperations in RVRof400m or less CL must be available. To conduct OtherThan Standard CATIIoperations VISUAL REFERENCE the operator must ensure that appropriate low visibil- Thepilotshall notcontinue an approach belowdeci- ity procedures areestablished andinoperation at the sion heightunlessvisualreference containingone of landing aerodrome. thefollowing elements is attainedand canbemaintained: –atleast 3consecutivelights being thecenterline of theapproachlights, –TDZ,CLorRL,

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–oracombinationofthe above. DECISION HEIGHT Thevisual referencemust include alateral element of Foroperationsinwhich adecision height is used, an thegroundpattern (i.e.anapproachlightingcrossbar, operator must ensure that thedecision heightisnot landingthreshold, abarretteofthe TDZ) unless the lowerthan: operation is conducted utilizinganapprovedHUDLS –the minimum decision heightspecifiedinthe Air- to touchdown. craftFlightManual or equivalentdocuments, TYPE OF FACILITY –the minimumheight to whichthe precision An ILS/MLSwhich supports OtherThanStandard approachaid canbeusedwithout therequired CATIIoperations shall be an unrestrictedfacility with visual reference, astraight-in courseequal to or less than 3° offsetand –the decision heighttowhich theflightcrewis theILS shall be certificated to: authorizedtooperate. –Class I/T/1 foroperationstoaminimumRVR of Operations with no decision heightmay only be con- 450m andtoaDHof200ftormore, ductedif: –Class II/D/2 foroperations in RVRoflessthan –the operationwith no decision height is authorized 450m or to aDHoflessthan200ft. in theAircraft FlightManual, Single ILS facilities areonly acceptableifLevel 2per- –the approach aid and aerodromefacilitiescan formanceisprovided. supportsuchoperations, Jeppesen will publish minimums forOther Than –the operatorhas an approval forCAT IIIoperations StandardCAT II operations onlyifthe procedure with no decisionheight. is approved fortheir usebythe Stateofthe aero- NOTE:Inthe case of aCAT III runway it maybe drome. assumedthatoperationswithnodecision height can be supportedunlessspecificallyrestrictedaspub- 12 CATIII OPERATIONS (EU-OPS 1) lishedinthe AIPorbyNOTAM. CATIII operationsare subdivided as follows: RVR a. CATIIIA:decision heightlower than 100ftand Thelowestminimumstobeusedbyanoperatorfor RVRnot lessthan200m, CATIII operations areshowninTable 14. b. CATIIIB:decisionheightlower than 100ft or no decision height andRVR less than 200m but not less than 75m.

Table14CAT IIIOPERATIONS Roll-out Control/ Guidance CAT Decision Height (ft) 1 RVR(m) System IIIA Less than 100 Notrequired 200 IIIB Lessthan100 Fail-passive150 2 IIIB Less than50Fail-passive 125 Less than 50 or IIIB Fail-operational 3 75 No Decision Height

1 Flight controlsystem redundancy is determined under CS-AWO by theminimumcertificateddecision height. 2 Foraircraftcertificatedinaccordance with CS-AWO 321(b)(3) or equivalent. 3 Thefail-operational system referred to mayconsist of afail-operational hybrid system. VISUAL REFERENCE ForCAT IIIBoperations conductedeitherwith ForCAT IIIAand forCAT IIIB operations eitherwith fail-operational flight controlsystemsorwitha fail-passiveflight control systemsorwiththe useof fail-operational hybrid landingsystem (comprising an approved HUDLS, apilot maynot continue an e.g. aHUDLS) using adecisionheightapilot may approach below thedecisionheightunlessavisual notcontinue an approach below thedecision height reference of one of the followingelementsisattained unlessavisual reference containing at least one andcan be maintained: centerline lightisattained and canbemaintained. –atleast 3consecutivelightsbeing thecenterline 13 FAILED OR DOWNGRADED of theapproach lights, EQUIPMENT (EU-OPS 1) –TDZ,CLorRL, Theeffectonlanding minimumsisshowninTable 15 –oracombinationofthe above. below.

Table 15 FAILED OR DOWNGRADED EQUIPMENT–EFFECT ON LANDINGMINIMUMS FailedorDowngraded Effect on Landing Minimums Equipment CATIIIB CATIIIA CATIICAT I Non-precision ILSstand-bytransmitterNot allowedNoeffect Outer Marker No effectifreplaced by published equivalentposition Notapplicable

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Table15FAILEDORDOWNGRADED EQUIPMENT–EFFECT ON LANDING MINIMUMS (continued) Failed or Downgraded Effect on LandingMinimums Equipment CATIIIB CATIIIACAT II CATI Non-precision No effect unless Middle Marker No effect usedasMAP Maybetemporarily replacedwithMidpointRVR TDZRVR assessment if approved by theState of theAerodrome.RVR No effect system maybereportedbyhuman observation. Midpoint or Rollout RVRNoeffect Anemometerfor runway in No effect if othergroundsourceavailable use Ceilometer No effect Notallowedfor operations Notallowed Approach Lights Minimums as forNALS with DH >50ft 1 Approach lights except the Notallowed No effect Minimumsasfor BALS last 210m 2 Approach lights except the No effect No effect 3 Minimums as forIALS last 420m Standbypower for No effect approach lights Day: Minimumsasfor NALS Whole runway lightsystem Notallowed Night: Notallowed Dayonly Edge lights Night:Not allowed Day: Day: RVR300m RVR300m Centerlinelights No effect Night: Notallowed Night: RVR550m CL lightsspacing RVR150mNoeffect increasedto30m Day: RVR200m Day: RVR300m TDZlights No effect Night: RVR300m Night: RVR550m Standbypower forrunway NotallowedNoeffect lights Taxiwaylightsystem No effect -exceptdelays duetoreduced movement rate

1 OtherthanStandard CATII: No effect. 2 OtherthanStandard CATII: No effect. 3 OtherthanStandard CATII: No effect. NOTE 1: Applicable conditions forthe useofthe table b. No RL or no CL:Night-Notallowed. above: c. No TDZlights–No restriction. –Multiple failuresofrunway lights arenot accept- d. No Stand-by power to RL:Day –RVR 200m. able. e. No Stand-by powertoRL: Night–Not –Deficienciesofapproach andrunwaylights are allowed. treatedseparately. –CAT II/III operations:Acombination of deficiencies 14 ENHANCED VISIONSYSTEMS in runway lights andRVR assessmentequipment (EU-OPS 1) is notallowed. TheEnhancedVisionSystem (EVS) mayonly be –Failures otherthanILS affectRVR only andnot used forILS,MLS,PAR,GLS andAPV operations DH . with aDHnot lowerthan200ftoronapproaches NOTE 2: ForCAT IIIB operations with no decision when using approvedvertical flightpathguidance to height, an operator shall ensure that,for aircraft aMDH or DH notbelow 250ft. authorizedtoconductnodecision heightoperations Apilot usinganEVS certificatedfor thepurpose of with thelowestRVR limitations, thefollowing applies this paragraphand used in accordancewiththe pro- in additiontothe table above: ceduresand limitations of the approved flight manual, –RVR:Atleastone RVRvalue must be available at may: the aerodrome. –Runwaylights: a. No RL or no CL:Day -RVR 200m.

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Theweather minimumsmust be specifiedand or circling approaches areavailable.Any limitation approvedfor each runway to be used considering related to one-engine-inoperativeoperationsmust the following items: be taken into account. –the obstaclesituation, An operator shall only select thedestinationaero- –the type of glide path referenceand runway guid- dromewhenappropriate weather reports or forecasts ance, or any combination thereof indicate, that during a –the minimumvisualreference required at period commencing one hourbeforeand ending one DA/MDA, hour afterthe estimated time of arrival, theweather conditionswill be at or abovethe applicablelanding –available airborneequipment, minimumasfollows: –pilot qualification andspecialaerodrome familiar- –RVR/VIS, ization, –ceiling at or aboveMDH fornon-precisionorcir- –aircraftflightmanual limitations andprocedures, clingapproaches, –missedapproach criteria. or twodestinationalternateaerodromesare selected Jeppesenwill calculateAOM forthose if theweather conditionsare below the applicable approaches accordingtable 6and thelower planning minimums. limits of tables7,8and9.Acautionnote will be added, that the pilot hastocheck the An operator shallonly select an aerodromeas: SteepApproach sectionofthe operators Flight –destination alternate aerodrome, OperationsManual. –isolated aerodrome, 17 PLANNING MINIMUMS (EU-OPS 1) –enroutealternate aerodrome(ERA), An operator shall only selectanaerodrome as –3%ERA (anERA selected forthe purposeof atake-off alternate aerodromewhenappropriate reducing contingency fuel to 3%) weather reportsorforecasts or any combination when appropriateweatherreports or forecasts or any thereof indicate,that during aperiod commencing combination thereofindicate, that during aperiod onehourbeforeand ending onehourafterthe esti- commencingone hour before andendingone hour mated time of arrival, theweather conditions will be at afterthe estimated time of arrival, theweather con- or abovethe applicable landing minimum. Theceiling ditionswill be at or abovethe planning minimums as must be takenintoaccount when only non-precision in Ta ble17below.

Table 17 PLANNING MINIMUMS Type of Approach Planning Minimums CATIIand III CATI1 CATI Non-precision 2 , 3 Non-precisionNon-precision 4 , 5 Circling Circling

1 RVR. 2 RVR. 3 Theceilingmustbeatorabove theMDH. 4 RVR. 5 Theceilingmustbeatorabove theMDH. An operatorshall notselect an aerodromeasan shall includeinthe OperationsManualthe method ETOPSenroute alternate aerodromewhenappropri- fordetermining theoperating minima at theplanned ate weather reports or forecasts or anycombination ETOPSenroute alternate aerodrome. thereof indicate,thatbetween theanticipatedtimeof Jeppesen will publishplanningminimums on landing untilone hour after thelatest possible time request only. of landing, conditions calculatedbyaddingthe addi- tional limits of Table 18 below will exist. An operator

Table18PLANNING MINIMUMS –ETOPS Approach FacilityAlternate AirfieldCeiling WeatherMinimums (VIS/RVR) Precision approach Authorized DH +200ft Authorized VIS+800m Non-precision approach or Authorized MDH+400ft Authorized VIS+1500m Circlingapproach

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DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS Australian definitions andabbreviations applicable to this section which arenot published or differfrom thosepublishedinINTRODUCTION—ChartGlossary. SeealsoDefinitions and Abbreviations sections in theEmergency, Meteorology andTerminalchaptersofthismanual.

1DEFINITIONS AIRTRAFFICCONTROLCLEARANCE — Autho- ADS-C AGREEMENT—Areporting plan which rization foranaircrafttoproceed underconditions establishesthe conditions of ADS-Cdatareporting specifiedbyanAir Traffic Controlunit. (i.e.data required by theair trafficservices unit and NOTE:For convenience, theterm“AirTrafficControl frequency of ADS-C reportswhich have to be agreed Clearance” is frequently abbreviatedto“Clearance” to priortothe provision of air traffic services). when usedinappropriatecontext. AERODROME — Adefined area of landorwater AIRTRAFFIC CONTROLINSTRUCTIONS — Direc- (including any buildings,installations andequipment) tives issued by air traffic controlfor thepurposeof intended to be used either wholly or in part forthe requiring apilot to take aspecific action. arrival, departureand movement of aircraft. AIRTRAFFIC CONTROLSERVICE — Aservice AERODROME BEACON—An aeronautical beacon provided forthe purposeof: used to indicate thelocation of an aerodromefrom a. preventing collisions: theair. 1. betweenaircraft;and AERODROME CONTROLSERVICE — ATCservice 2. on themaneuvering area between aircraft foraerodrome traffic. andobstructions; and AERODROMECONTROLTOWER — Aunit estab- b. expediting andmaintaining an orderlyflow of air lishedtoprovide ATCservice to aerodrometraffic. traffic. AERODROMEPROPRIETOR—AnyOwner, AIRTRAFFICSERVICE (ATS) — Agenericterm Licensee, Authority,Corporation, or any otherbody meaning variously,flightinformation service,alerting which hasalegalresponsibilityfor aparticularaero- service, air traffic advisoryservice, airtraffic control drome. service (areacontrol service, approach control ser- AERODROME TRAFFIC—Alltraffic on themaneu- vice, or aerodromecontrolservice). vering area of an aerodrome, andall aircraft flyingin, AIRTRANSIT—Theairbornemovementofaheli- entering,orleaving the traffic circuit. copter that is: AERODROME TRAFFIC CIRCUIT—Thespecified a. forthe expeditious transit from one place within path to be flown by aircraftflying in,entering,orleav- an aerodrome to another place within theaero- ing thetraffic circuit. drome; AERONAUTICAL BEACON — An aeronautical b. at or below 100 ft abovethe surface;and ground lightvisible at all azimuths, either continu- ously or intermittently,todesignate aparticularpoint c. at speeds greater than those used in airtaxiing. on thesurface of theearth. AIRWAYSCLEARANCE — Aclearance, issuedby AERONAUTICAL INFORMATIONCIRCULAR ATC, to operateincontrolled airspacealong adesig- (AIC) — Anoticecontaining informationthatdoes nated trackorroute at aspecified leveltoaspecified notqualifyfor theoriginationofaNOTAM,orfor point or flight planned destination. inclusioninthe AIP, but whichrelates to flight safety, ALTERNATE AERODROME — An aerodrometo airnavigation,technical, administrativeorlegislative which an aircraftmay proceedwhenitbecomes matters. either impossible or inadvisable to proceedtoorland AERONAUTICAL INFORMATIONPUBLICATION at the aerodromeofintended landing. (AIP) — Apublicationissued by or with theauthority ALTIMETERSETTING — Apressure datum which of astate andcontaining aeronauticalinformation of when setonthe sub-scale of asensitivealtimeter alasting characteressential to airnavigation. causesthe altimetertoindicate verticaldisplacement AIPSUPPLEMENT (SUP) — Temporarychanges to fromthatdatum.Apressure-typealtimetercalibrated theinformationcontainedinthe AIPwhich arepub- in accordance with StandardAtmosphere maybe lished by meansofspecialpages. usedtoindicate altitude, heightorflight levels, as follows: AIRCRAFTCLASSIFICATION NUMBER (ACN) — Anumberexpressingthe relativeeffect of an aircraft a. when settoQNH or Area QNHitwill indicate on apavementfor aspecificstandardsub-grade cat- altitude; egory. b. when settoStandard Pressure (1013.2hPa)it AIRCRAFTPARKING POSITION TAXILANE — A maybeusedtoindicateflight levels. portion of an aprondesignated as ataxiway and ALTIMETERSETTING REGION — Airspace 10,000 intended to provideaccess to aircraft parkingposi- ft andbelow wherethe sub-scale of apressuresen- tionsonly. sitivealtimeter is settoQNH or Area QNH. AIR-GROUND COMMUNICATIONS — Two-way APPROACH CONTROLSERVICE — ATCservice communicationsbetween aircraft andstationsonthe forarrivingordeparting flights. surface of theearth. APPROACH SEQUENCE — Theorder in which two AIRTAXIING—Movementofahelicopter /VTOL or more aircraft areclearedtoapproachtolandatthe abovethe surface of an aerodrome at low ground aerodrome. speedand at heights normally associated with ground effect.

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AIR TRAFFIC RULESAND SERVICES CivilAviationRegulations (CAR), CivilAviation Orders (CAO), AirServicesRegulations (ASR) andAir Navigation Regulations(ANR) maybereferenced in thetext of this section; however, they arenot published herein.

1AERONAUTICALINFORMATION information and/or theAIP should be read in conjunc- SERVICES tion with CASRs,CARs,CAOsand CAAPs which detail thestatutory requirements. 1.1 AERONAUTICALAUTHORITY 1.3.1.1 Documents andchartsissued in 1.1.1 Responsibility forcivil aviationinAustralia accordance with theAIRAC cycle become effective andits Territories restswithtwo organizations: the at 1600 hoursUTC on the dayprior to thenominated CivilAviation Safety Authority(CASA)and Airser- date unless otherwise notified; e.g., adocument vicesAustralia (Airservices). CASA is responsible with an AIRACdate26Jun becomeseffective forsafety regulation of all civil aviationinAustralia, 06251600UTC (i.e., during Australian EasternStan- includingthe safety regulation of Airservices’ pro- dard Time, becomeseffectiveat0200 hourslocal on vision of support services. Requests foradvice on 26 Jun). Australia’s civil aviationsupportservicesincluding AirTraffic Services(ATS),Rescueand Fire Fight- 1.3.2 NOTA Mprovideinformationthatisof ing (RFF)services, Aeronautical Information Service directoperational significance andwhich mayimme- (AIS)and Search andRescue(SAR)may be directed diately affect aircraft operations. ANOTAM is issued to: in aformatcontaining fields(Q) and(A) to (G)as follows: BusinessReplayPost PERMIT No 1986 –CIVIC SQUARE Q – This field consists of eightsub fields Address: Airservices Australia separatedbyobliquestrokes. AeronauticalInformationService 1. FIRinwhich thelocation listed in field A) GPOBox 367 is located. CANBERRA ACT 2. NOTAMcode. This is acodedversion AUSTRALIA of thesubject andstatus of theNOTAM 2601 precededbythe letter’Q’ Fax: (02) 6268 5689 3. Traffic field.SignifiesifaNOTA Maffects 61 262685689 IFRorVFR flights Telex: YSHOYOYX 4. Purposefield. SignifiesifaNOTAMisfor CIVILAIR Canberra immediate attention and/or forbriefingsor E-Mail: docs.amend@airservicesaustralia. concerning flightoperations. com 5. Scope field.Signifiesifthe NOTAMisan Internet: www.airservicesaustralia.com/ aerodrome, enroute or warning NOTAM publications/ccard/default.asp 6. Lower levelofthe activity in the NOTAM. 1.2 AERONAUTICALINFORMATION If no levelspecified thedefault is 000. SERVICE(AIS) 7. Upperlevel of theactivity in theNOTAM. 1.2.1 TheAeronauticalInformationService If no level specified, thedefault is 999. (AIS) is establishedpursuanttopara8.(1) of the Air 8. Coordinates. Forlocation specificNOTAM, Services Act1995. TheAIS is responsible forthe the latitude/longitude of thelocation listed collection, collationand disseminationofaeronauti- in field A) of theNOTAM is listed. If nota calinformation andinstructionsrelatingtothe safety, specific location, thefield is left blank. regularityand efficiency of airnavigationwithin the Example of Qfield: areascovered. Q) YBBB/QMRAU/IV/BO/A/000/999/ 1.2.2 An InternationalNOTAM Office(NOF) is 2723S15307E establishedatBrisbane(YBBBYNYX) forthe pur- NOTE:The listofcodes used in theQ) pose of theinternational exchange of NOTA M. field is availableinICAOAnnex 15 and 1.2.3 Area of Responsibility — TheAIS is Doc−8126. BriefingsobtainedfromNAIPS responsible forthe collection anddissemination of aredecoded. aeronautical information forthe entire territory of A – Location identification. Australia andits associated airspace,and forthe B – Time of commencement of information airspace over thehighseasencompassed by the contained in FieldE;or, time of publication Brisbaneand Melbourne FIRs. whereprior notification is required. In this 1.3 PUBLISHEDAERONAUTICAL case, FieldEcommenceswith “WEF.. INFORMATION (Date/Time)..”.This Date/Time will then reflect theactualcommencement time of the 1.3.1 TheinformationinthisAirwayManual NOTAMinformation. is extractedfromAustralian Aeronautical Informa- tionPublications (AIP), which providesthe primary source of information concerningrulesofthe air and proceduresfor the safe and efficientmovementof aircraft in Australianairspace. TheAirwayManual

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EE-12 AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL 16 MAR07

8.33KHZ CHANNEL SPACING CHANNEL –FREQUENCY PAIRING TABLE (Extractbetween 132.0000 and 132.1000) Name of Frequency of Channel Channel to be transmitted as: Channel Channel (MHz) Spacing (kHz) 132.000 132.0000 25 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZERO 132.010 132.0083 8.33 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROONE ZERO 132.015 132.0166 8.33 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROONE FIVE 132.025 132.0250 25 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROTWO FIVE 132.035 132.0333 8.33 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROTHREE FIVE 132.040 132.0416 8.33 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROFOUR ZERO 132.050 132.0500 25 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROFIVE ZERO 132.060 132.0583 8.33 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROSIX ZERO 132.065 132.0666 8.33 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROSIX FIVE 132.075 132.0750 25 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROSEVEN FIVE 132.085 132.0833 8.33 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZEROEIGHT FIVE 132.090 132.0916 8.33 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ZERONINE ZERO 132.100 132.1000 25 ONE THREE TWO DECIMAL ONE

If ATC is uncertain about the 8.33kHz equipage status of any aircraft or the UHF statusof a State aircraft, then the followingphraseology applies:

Circumstance Phraseology To request confirmation of 8.33kHz capability CONFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE To indicate 8.33kHz capability 1 AFFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE To indicate lack of 8.33kHz capability 1 NEGATIVE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE To request UHF capabilityCONFIRM UHF To indicate UHF capability 1 AFFIRM UHF To indicate lack of UHF capability 1 NEGATIVE UHF To request status in respect of 8.33kHz exemption CONFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED To indicate 8.33kHz exempted status 1 AFFIRM EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED To indicate 8.33kHz non-exempted status 1 NEGATIVE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE EXEMPTED To indicate that a certain clearance is given because DUE EIGHT POINT THREE THREE otherwise a non-8.33 equipped and/or non-exempted REQUIREMENT aircraftwould enter the airspace of mandatory carriage

1.Denotes pilot transmission.

The above phraseology is approved by ICAO in the Procedures for Air NavigationServices Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM, Doc 4444).

Jeppesen publications - 50 or 25kHz spacing 118.0or118.00or118.000 is shown as 118.0 118.02 or 118.025 is shown as 118.02 118.15 or 118.150 is shown as 118.15 118.17 or 118.175 is shown as 118.17 - 8.33kHz spacing The “ CHANNEL numbers ” are always shown with three decimal places (e.g. 132.035).

22 AUG08 AIRTRAFFICCONTROL US-163

SECTION 3. AIRPORTMARKING AIDS AND SIGNS 2-3-1 GENERAL 2-3-2 AIRPORTPAVEMENT a. Airportpavementmarkings and signsprovide MARKINGS information that is usefultoapilot during takeoff, a. General. Forthe purposeofthispresentation landing,and taxiing. theAirport Pavement Markings have been b. Uniformity in airportmarkings andsignsfrom grouped intofourareas: oneairport to another enhances safety and 1. Runway Markings. improves efficiency. Pilots areencouraged to 2. TaxiwayMarkings. work with theoperatorsofthe airports they usetoachievethe markingand sign standards 3. HoldingPosition Markings. describedinthissection. 4. Other Markings. c. Pilots whoencounterineffective,incorrect, b. MarkingColors. Markingsfor runwaysare or confusing markings or signsonanairport white. Markings definingthe landingareaon should make theoperatorofthe airportaware aheliportare also white except forhospital of theproblem.These situations mayalsobe heliportswhichuse ared “H”onawhitecross. reported underthe Aviation Safety Reporting Markingsfor taxiways, areasnot intended for Program as described in paragraph7-6-1,Avi- usebyaircraft (closedand hazardous areas), ationSafetyReportingProgram.Pilots may andholdingpositions (evenifthey areona also report thesesituationstothe FAAregional runway)are yellow. airports division. 2-3-3RUNWAYMARKINGS d. Themarkingsand signsdescribedinthissec- tion of the AIMreflectthe currentFAA recom- a. General. Thereare threetypes of markingsfor mendedstandards. runways: visual, nonprecisioninstrument, and precision instrument.TBL 2-3-1identifies the REFERENCE- AC 150/5340-1,Standards for marking elements foreachtypeofrunwayand AirportMarkings. AC 150/5340-18, Standards TBL2-3-2 identifiesrunway thresholdmarkings. forAirport Sign Systems.

TABLE2-3-1 Runway MarkingElements Visual Marking Element NonprecisionInstrument Runway Precision Instrument Runway Runway Designation XX X Centerline XX X ThresholdX1 XX Aiming PointX2 XX TouchdownZoneX Side Stripes X

1 On runwaysused, or intended to be used,byinternational commercialtransports. 2 On runways4,000 feet (1200 m) or longer used by jetaircraft.

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q$i AZORES-RULESAND PROCEDURES

GENERAL Jeppesen chartedminimumsare notbelow State In general, theair trafficrules andproceduresinforce minimums. andthe organization of theair traffic servicesare ATSAIRSPACECLASSIFICATIONS in conformity with ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures. Portugal hasadopted theICAOATS airspace classification as listed in ATC-Chapter "ICAOATS Airspace Units of measurement used in connectionwith all air Classifications-Annex 11". traffic services forAzores: Within Santa MariaOceanic FIRthe airspaceisclas- MEASUREMENT OF UNIT sified “A”, “C” and“G”. Distance usedin Kilometers, VFRflights shall notbeoperatedaboveFL200 navigation,position Nautical Milesand Tenths1 in airspaceclass “C”attransonic andsupersonic reporting, etc., speeds. generally in excess of 2to3nautical miles SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND Relatively short Meters REGULATIONS distances such as FLIGHT PLANNING those relating to aerodromes (e.g., Overflights of SantaMaria TMAshall flight planas runway lengths) follows: Altitude, elevations, Meters,Feet1 Flights aboveFL155 shall flight plan andheights –agreatcirclecourse betweensignificantpoints at Horizontal speed KilometersPer Hour, 20Wand 30W, or including wind speed Knots1 –agreatcirclecourse betweensignificantpoints at Vertical speed Meters PerSecond, Feet 20Wand VORDME‘FRS’,or PerMinute1 –agreatcirclecourse betweensignificantpoints at Wind directionfor DegreesMagnetic 20Wand 30Wand oneofthe followingradio aids: landing andtaking off VORDME‘ VMG’,VORDME‘VFL’orVORDME Wind direction except DegreesTrue ‘VSM’. forlandingand taking Flightsbelow FL155shall flight plan in accordance off with ATSroutes. Visibility including Kilometers or Meters Anyflightintending to flyinaccordance with VFR runway visualrange rules within SantaMaria TMAcontrolledairspace Altimeter setting, Hectopascals shall submit aflight plan. Theflightplan andany atmosphericpressure other associated messages must be addressedto Te mperature DegreesCelsius LPZZFPLSand: Weight Kilograms –LPZZFPLM, if departureordestination is LPAZ; TimeHoursand minutes,the –LPZZFPLP, if departureordestinationisLPPD; dayof24hrs.beginningat –LPLAZTZXand LPLAZPZX,ifdeparture or desti- midnightUTC nation is LPLA; –LPZZFPLH, if departure or destination is LPGR, 1 Alternateunit LPSJ,LPPI or LPHR; WGS-84 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS –LPZZFPLF, if departureordestination is LPFL or WGS-84 compliant. LPCR; FLIGHT PROCEDURES AllFlightdataconcerningMIL ACFT flying from,toor overflying Portugal (Mainland) must be addressedto HOLDING LPAMYWYB,MIL INFOCenterand also to LPPTY- Holding procedurescomply with ATC-Chapter Part WYBand LPAMYWYA. IV.Holding procedures, table "HoldingSpeedsICAO Forflights intending to operate within the North DOC8168". AtlanticMNPSairspaceduring any portionoftheir PROCEDURE LIMITATIONS AND OPTIONS flight theletter ’X’shall be inserted in item 10 of the ICAO FPLafter theletter ’S’toclearly indicate that Instrumentapproach proceduresfor civilairports the aircraftiscapable of complyingwithMNPS. comply with PANS-OPS, Document8168, VolumeII, 4thEdition. Forflights intending to operatewithinthe North AtlanticMNPSairspacebetween FL290and 410 Instrumentapproachproceduresfor military aero- inclusive, during any portionoftheir flight theletter dromes arebased on the UnitedStatesStandards ‘W’shall be inserted in item 10 of the ICAO FPL forTerminal Procedures (TERPS). after theletters ‘S’and ‘X’toclearlyindicatethat AIRPORTOPERATING MINIMUMS the aircrafthas received Stateapprovalfor RVSM operations. PortugalpublishesOCA(H)s forcivil airports and DA/MDA,ceiling and visibilitiesfor militaryaero- dromes.

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NETHERLANDS -RULESAND PROCEDURES q$i

b. in controlled airspace class “A”; c. in controlled airspace class “B”. 4.1 In class “A”,“B”,“D” and“E” aflight visibility of 8Kmisalsoprescribed forflights belowFL100,except as follows:

Airspace Visibility NieuwMilligenTMA A, C, Dand E up to and including FL65 (FL952 ), class“E” airspace, minimum visibility 8Km(5Km2 ); aboveFL65(FL9512), class “B”airspace minimum flightvisibility 8Km. NieuwMilligenTMA B, G1 andG2class “E”airspace, minimumflightvisibility 8Km(5Km2 ) Rotterdam TMA1,2and3,EeldeTMA class“E” airspace,minimum flightvisibility8Km. Maastricht TMA1and2 up to FL95 class “D”airspace, minimum flightvisibility 8Km, at and aboveFL95class“B” airspace, minimum flight visibility 8Km.

1 Upper limitNieuw Milligen TMAisFL95. 2 From FRI1500toSUN 2200 andduring legalholidays. In class“G” airspace the followingflightvisibilities are applied: a) above900m(3000ft) AMSL:8Km, b) at or below 900m (3000ft) AMSL lower flight visibilities to 1500m maybepermittedfor flights operated at speeds that will give adequate opportunity to observeother traffic or any obstacle in time to avoidcollision. 4.4 IFRcompulsoryatnight.

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q$i NORWAY -RULES AND PROCEDURES GENERAL PILOTCONTROLLEDLIGHTING(PCL) In general, theair trafficrules andproceduresinforce Asystem of switchingonapproach lights andthe andthe organization of theair traffic servicesare landing area lights from aircraft has enteredoper- in conformity with ICAO Standards, Recommended ational service at anumberofNorwegian airports. Practices and Procedures. Information on theavailability of such system is given in AirportDirectory pagesand oninstrument Units of measurement used in connectionwith all air approachchartsfor the respectiveairport. traffic services in Norway: To activatethe system: MEASUREMENTOF UNIT –select theappropriate VHF-frequency forthe AFIS Distance usedin Nautical Miles and unit, navigation,position Tenths –press the transmitterbutton forminimum 5sec- reporting, etc., generally onds. in excess of 2to3 nauticalmiles Thelights will thenbeswitched on andremain lighted for26minutes. Relatively short Meters distances such as those ATSAIRSPACECLASSIFICATIONS relatingtoaerodromes Norway hasadopted theICAOATS airspaceclassifi- (e.g., runway lengths) cation as listedinATC-Chapter“ICAO ATSAirspace Altitude, elevations, and Feet,Meters1 Classifications -Annex 11”. Within Norwegian FIRs/ heights UIRs,however,only theairspace classes“A,”“C,” Horizontal speed Knots “D,” “E,” and “G”are used. Controlledairspaceabove including wind speed FL195isbasically classified as class“A” airspace. Vertical speed Feet PerMinute, Meters EnrouteGAT VFRflights shallnot be operated above PerSecond1 FL195inclass “C”airspace. Wind direction forlanding DegreesMagnetic In class“G” airspace,IFR flights arenot required to andtaking off establish radio communicationwith ATSexcept when Wind direction exceptfor DegreesTrue operating within atraffic information zone (TIZ) or landing and takingoff trafficinformation area (TIA), wherecommunication Visibility including Kilometers or Meters shall be establishedwith theappropriateAFIS unit. runway visual range In class“G” airspaceestablished as aTIZ or TIA also VFRflights arerequired to establish radio communi- Altimeter setting, Hectopascals cation with theappropriate AFIS unit. Traffic avoid- atmosphericpressure ance advice will notbeprovided by Norwegian ATC Te mperature DegreesCelsius units (concernsairspaceclass “D”). Weight Kilograms Fordifferences from ICAO VMCspecificationsrefer to TimeHoursand minutes, the ATC-Chapter Norway “DifferencesfromICAOStan- dayof24hrs beginning dardsand Procedures”. at midnightUTC. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND 1 Secondaryunit REGULATIONS WGS-84 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS RADAR VECTORING WGS-84 compliant. In Norwegian TMAs is theresponsibility fortempera- FLIGHT PROCEDURES turecorrection of minimumaltitudes andfor obstacle clearancewith theradarcontroller. HOLDING Holding procedurescomplywithATC-Chapter BASICAREANAVIGATION(B-RNAV) “Flight-Procedures(DOC8168) Part IV.Holding EXEMPTIONS Procedures”,... table“Holding Speeds ICAO DOC Domestic flights operating between FL95 andFL195 8168:, except forholding procedures on Instrument andwithin theOsloTMA between 5000ft AMSL and Approach Charts marked PANS-OPS,whichcomply FL95 areexemptedfromthe requirementtocarry with table “PANS-OPSSecond EditionICAODOC B-RNAVequipment. 8168”. IFPS/CFMUOPERATIONS PROCEDURE LIMITATIONS AND OPTIONS TheIntegrated Initial Flight Plan ProcessingSystem Instrumentapproachproceduresare in accordance element of theEUROCONTROL CentralFlowMan- with the new PANS-OPS,Document8168, VolumeII, agementUnit(CFMU)isthe sole source forthe dis- 4thEdition,except forInstrumentApproach Charts tributionofthe IFRGeneral AirTraffic (GAT)FPL and marked with PANS-OPS, whichcomply with PANS- associatedmessagestoATSunits within the IFPS. OPS, Document 8168,Volume II, Second Edition. Theonlyrequired addresses arethose of the two AIRPORTOPERATING MINIMUMS IFPS Units(IFPU) at Haren(Brussels)and Bretigny (Paris). Norway does notpublish State airport operating minimums. Norway publishesOCA(H)s.

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q$i PORTUGAL -RULESAND PROCEDURES Thefollowing information also refers to MadeiraIs.

GENERAL Jeppesen chartedminimumsare notbelow State In general, theair trafficrules andproceduresinforce minimums. andthe organization of theair traffic services are NOISEABATEMENT PROCEDURES in conformity with ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures. Thefollowingproceduresmay at any timebe departed from to theextent necessaryforavoid- Units of measurement used in connectionwith all air ing immediate danger.Every operator of aircraft traffic services in Portugal: usingthe airport, shall ensure at all times that aircraft areoperatedinamanner calculatedtocause the MEASUREMENT OF UNIT least disturbancepracticable in areassurrounding Distance usedin Kilometers, Nautical the airport. navigation,position Miles andTenths1 Departures:For aircraft licensed in accordance with reporting, etc., generally ICAO ANNEX16, Chapter2,Noise AbatementPro- in excess of 2to3 cedureNADPAisrequired. nauticalmiles Relatively short Meters Foraircraftlicensed in accordancewithICAOANNEX distances such as those 16,Chapter 3aswell as B737-200 as farasthe noise relatingtoaerodromes levels fortake-off pursuant to ICAO ANNEX16, Chap- (e.g., runway lengths) ter 3haveprovably beenreached by supplementary equipment,Noise AbatementProcedure NADP Bis Altitude, elevations, and Meters, Feet1 required. heights Horizontal speed Kilometersper Hour, Fordetails aboutNADPA&Brefer to ATCChapter including wind speed Knots1 “FlightProcedures(DOC8168) Appendix to Chapter 3-NoiseAbatement”. Vertical speed Metersper Second, Feet perMinute1 Aeroplanessuchassupersonic aeroplanesnot using Wind direction forlanding DegreesMagnetic wing flapsfor take-off should reduce thrust before andtaking off attaining1000ft butnot lower than 500ft. Wind direction exceptfor DegreesTrue ATSAIRSPACECLASSIFICATIONS landing and takingoff Portugal hasadopted theICAOATS airspace classi- Visibility including Kilometers or Meters fication as listedinATC-Chapter “ICAOATS Airspace runway visual range Classifications-Annex 11”. Altimeter setting, Hectopascals Within Lisbon FIR/UIRthe airspaceisclassified“C”, atmosphericpressure “D”and “G”. Te mperature DegreesCelsius Within Santa MariaOceanic FIRthe airspace is clas- Weight Kilograms sified “A”, “C”and “G”. TimeHoursand minutes, the dayof24hrs beginning Theairspace classification“D” hasbeen allocated at midnightUTC to therestrictedareas LPR60A/60B/42A/42B/51A/ 51BN/51BS while these airspacevolumesare 1 Alternativeunit affectedtomilitaryuse. When theseairspacevol- WGS-84 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS umes areavailable forGAT useits classification will change to “C”. Within class“G” airspace at and WGS-84 compliant. below3000ftAMSLand clearofcloud andinsight of FLIGHT PROCEDURES thesurface helicopters maybeoperatedwhentheir speed,havingregardtothe visibility,isreasonable. HOLDING VFRflights shall notbeoperatedaboveFL200 Holding procedurescomply with ATC-Chapter Part in airspaceclass “C”attransonic andsupersonic IV.Holding procedures,table “Holding SpeedsICAO speeds. DOC8168”. SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURE LIMITATIONS AND OPTIONS REGULATIONS Instrumentapproach proceduresfor civilairports comply with PANS-OPS,Document8168, Volume FLIGHT PLANNING II,4th Edition.Instrumentapproach proceduresfor Forflights intending to operate within the North militaryaerodromesare basedonthe United States AtlanticMNPSairspaceduring any portionoftheir Standardsfor Terminal Procedures (TERPS). flightthe letter ’X’shall be inserted in item 10 of the AIRPORTOPERATING MINIMUMS ICAO FPLafter theletter ’S’toclearly indicate that the aircraftiscapable of complyingwith MNPS. PortugalpublishesOCA(H)sfor civil airports and DA/MDA,ceiling and visibilitiesfor militaryaero- dromes.

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q$i RUSSIA -RULESAND PROCEDURES This informationalsoapplies to Tajikistanand Turkmenistan,ascovered by commonaeronauticalpub- lications. Accordingly,each of theabove Statesistobesubstituted forthe term "Russia(n)"inthe following text,asappropriate.

GENERAL Missedapproach point (MAP) in anon-precision In general, theair traffic rules and proceduresinforce, approachisthatpointwhereMDA(H)onthe extended andthe organization of air traffic services areincon- runway centerlineisreached. formitywith ICAO Standards,RecommendedPrac- SpeedRestrictions:See following “ENTRY INTO ticesand Procedures. TERMINAL AREA”. Units of measurement usedinall air andground oper- OUTERMARKER (OM) AND MIDDLE ationsare as listedinthe following table: MARKER(MM)MODULATION MEASUREMENT OF UNIT Allouter markers(OM)and middle markers (MM) are Distance usedin Kilometers 3000Hz modulated. Thecrossingofthese markers navigation,position will be indicatedbythe white insteadofthe blue or reporting, etc. ambermarkerbeaconlight. Relatively short Kilometersand Meters AIRPORTOPERATING MINIMUMS distances such as those Russia does notpublishState AirportOperating Mini- relatingtoaerodromes mums.Russia publishesObstacle ClearanceHeights (e.g., runway lengths) (OCHs). Altitude, elevations, and Meters heights ATSAIRSPACECLASSIFICATIONS Horizontal speed Kilometersper Hour, Russia hasadopted the ICAO ATSairspaceclassifi- including wind speed Metersper Second cation as listed in ATC-Chapter“ICAO ATSAirspace Classifications -Annex 11”. Vertical speed Metersper Second Wind direction forlanding DegreesTrue AllCTA airspaceisclass “A”airspaceataltitudes andtaking off from thelower safe flightlevel uptothe upperallowed flightlevel along airways. TMA(CTR) airspaceisnot Visibility KilometersorMeters classified.All FIRairspaceisclass “G”airspace from Runway visual rangeMeters the lower safe flightlevel up to the upper allowed Altimeter setting, Millimeters,Millibars flightlevel,exceptthe airspace of theairways. The atmosphericpressure (Hectopascals) airspaceofthe airwayswithin FIRisclassifiedas Te mperature DegreesCelsius class“A” airspace. (Centigrade) LONGITUDINALSEPARATION Weight Metric Tons or Kilograms Theminimum longitudinalseparationintervals forIFR TimeHours&Minutes, the day filghts undercontinuous radarcontrol areestablished of 24 hrsbeginning at as follows: midnightUTC a. betweenaircraft proceeding alongthe same routeatthe sameflight level(altitude); along the WGS-84 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS airwaysand routes outside them notlessthan TheNational Geodetic System -1990 (PZ-90) is 30 Km;within TMAnot less than 20 Km,within used in theRussian Federation as geodetic refer- TMAequippedwithautomated ATSsystems ence datum. Geodetic System -1942(SK-42) is (flightmanagementsystems)orsecondary used until carrying outthe accurateGeodetic survey surveillance aids not less than10Km; in the accordingtothe coordinatesystem PZ-90. take-off andlandingarea5Km; WorldGeodetic System-1984 (WGS-84) is notused b. betweenaircraftwhile one aircraft is intersect- in theRussian Federation at present. ingthe flightlevel (altitude)occupied by another aircraft flyingonoppositetrack; while intersect- FLIGHT PROCEDURES ingthe opposite flight level(altitude),occupied by another aircraft30Kmatthe intersection HOLDING moment (maintaining 10 Km lateral separation); Holding procedures basically comply with ATC-Chap- c. betweenaircraftwhile onaircraftisintersecting ter“Flight Procedures (DOC)8168) IV.HoldingPro- theflight level(altitude) occupiedbyanother air- cedures”,table“Holding Speeds ICAO DOC8168”. craftflyingonthe same tracknot less than 20 PROCEDURE LIMITATIONS AND OPTIONS Km at themomentofintersecting; InstrumentApproachProceduresare basically in d. betweenaircraftproceedingalong theintersect- accordance with PANS-OPS,Document8168, Vol- ingroutes at thesameflight level(altitude)not umeII. less than 40 Km at themomentofintersecting by oneaircraftthe flightroutofanother aircraft. PrecisionApproach Radar(PAR) terminates 1640ft (500m) before therunway.

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q$i WEST AFRICA -RULESAND PROCEDURES ThetermWEST AFRICA covers following States whichare provided with acommon Aeronautical Infor- mation Servicebythe “Agence pourlaSécuritédela Navigation Aérienne en AfriqueetMadagascar (ASECNA)”: Benin,Burkina Faso,Cameroon, CentralAfrican Republic,Chad, Republic of Congo, Equa- torial Guinea,Gabon, Guinea Bissau,Ivory Coast,Mali,Madagascar1 ,Mauritania, Niger,Senegal,Togo. 1 Rulesand Procedures listedbelow arecommontothese ASECNA-States. ForMadagascar, however, separate ATCpages have been created, containing theregulationshereunder as well as additionalinfor- mation specific forthisState. GENERAL AIRPORTOPERATING MINIMUMS In general, theair trafficrules andproceduresinforce ASECNA publishes DH, MDH, andvisibilities for andthe organization of theair traffic servicesare straight-in andcirclingapproaches. In addition, ceil- in conformity with ICAO Standards, Recommended ingsare required forcirclingapproaches.Minimum Practices and Procedures. visibility requirements arepublishedfor take-off. Units of measurement used in connectionwith all air Exceptions: Minimums forDakar,Douala andLome traffic services in West Africa: airportsare in accordance with JAR-OPS1,Subparts Dand E. Forapproach ban andadditional informa- MEASUREMENT OF UNIT tion,see ATCEU-OPS1 AERODROMEOPERATING Distance usedin Nautical Miles and MINIMUMS (AOM). navigation,position Tenths Jeppesenpublishedminimums arenot below State reporting, etc., generally minimums. in excess of 2to3 nauticalmiles ATSAIRSPACECLASSIFICATIONS Relatively short Meters ASECNA States have adoptedthe ICAOATS distances such as those airspaceclassification as listed on ATCICAOATS relatingtoaerodromes AIRSPACECLASSIFICATION.Airspaceclasses (e.g., runway lengths) “B”and “E”, however, arenot used within ASECNA Altitude, elevations, and Meters, Feet1 airspace. heights No speed limitation is applied to IFRflights andVFR Horizontal speed Knots flights belowFL100. including wind speed Within class “F”and “G”airspacetwo-way radiocom- Vertical speedFeetper Minute munication is also required forVFR flights. Wind direction forlanding DegreesMagnetic Fordifferences from ICAO VMCspecificationssee andtaking off relevant paragraphbelow. Wind direction exceptfor DegreesTrue landing and takingoff SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS AND Visibility including Kilometers or Meters REGULATIONS runway visual range COMMUNICATIONS Altimeter setting, Hectopascals atmosphericpressure Allaircraft on VFRflights, andaircraftonIFR flights outside controlledairspace, shall maintain alisten- Te mperature DegreesCelsius ing watchonthe frequencyofaradio station pro- Weight Metric Tons or Kilograms vidingflightinformationservice in theflightinforma- TimeHoursand minutes, the tion regionand file with thatstation information as dayof24hrs beginning to theirposition, unlessotherwise authorized by the at midnightUTC. Stateoverflown. 1 Unit used on instrumentapproachcharts. POSITION REPORTINGPROCEDURES WGS-84 IMPLEMENTATION STATUS Position reportsadditional to thoserequired by the generalposition reportingproceduresshall be made WGS-84 compliant. when entering or leavingcontrolledoradvisory FLIGHT PROCEDURES airspace. Thelast positionreportbeforepassing from one FIR HOLDING to an adjacent FIRshall also be made to theATS unit No informationavailable. serving theairspaceabout to be entered. PROCEDURE LIMITATIONS AND OPTIONS OPERATIONS AT UNCONTROLLED InstrumentApproach Procedures with OCA(H)s com- AIRPORTS plywiththe newPANS-OPS, Document8168, Vol- a. Arriving aircraft: umeII. 1. Te nminutesprior to theETA thepilotshall maintain alisteningwatchonfrequency 118.1MHzand effect ablind transmission of thefollowing message. –Station(airport);

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