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Link to Appendix Supporting Information for: What Have We Learned About Gender From Candidate Choice Experiments? A Meta-analysis of 67 Factorial Survey Experiments Susanne Schwarz and Alexander Coppock∗ June 30, 2020 Contents A Study-by-study CATEs by other candidate attributes 2 B Digital measurement of coefficient estimates 34 ∗Susanne Schwarz is a Doctoral Candidate in the Department of Politics, Princeton University. Alexander Coppock is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Yale University. 1 A Study-by-study CATEs by other candidate attributes In this appendix, we show the effects of gender, conditional on other candidate characteristics for a subset of studies. Since most studies included in our analysis were not primarily concerned with the effects of candidate gender on vote choice, they included a wide range of other candidate characteristics. Table A.1 provides an overview of the attributes included in this analysis. Figure A.1 shows the distribution of CATEs, conditional on each of the attributes listed in Table A.1. The figure tells a very consistent story. Not only do the average treatment effects of gender on vote choice tend to be positive, so too do the conditional average treatment effects of gender. Our main takeaway from Figure A.1 is that the effect of candidate gender on vote choice does vary somewhat depending on the level of the other candidate characteristics but is typically positive. In the remainder of the appendix, we show the study-by-study estimates that make up Figure A.1. 2 Table A.1: Overview of Attributes (Other Than Gender) Included in Study Designs Study Design Attributes Aguilar, Cunow, and Desposato (2015), Sao Paulo Race, ballot length Bansak, Hainmueller, Hopkins, and Yamamoto (2018), USA - MTurk State of Residence, Age, Race/Ethnicity, Annual Income, Marital status, Religion, College Education, Military Service, Political Party , Political experience, Largest campaign contributor, Position on Health Care, Position on Abortion, Position on Gay Marriage, Favorite Music, Favorite sport, Car Bansak, Hainmueller, Hopkins, and Yamamoto (2018), USA - SSI State of Residence, Age, Race/Ethnicity, Annual Income, Marital status, Religion, College Education, Military Service, Political Party , Political experience, Largest campaign contributor, Position on Health Care, Position on Abortion, Position on Gay Marriage, Favorite Music, Favorite sport, Car Campbell, Cowley, Vivyan, and Wagner (2016), UK - Frequency of MP Dissent Constituency Effort, Frequency of Dissent, Political Party, Tenure of Elected Office Campbell, Cowley, Vivyan, and Wagner (2016), UK - Type of MP Dissent Constituency Effort, Type of Dissent, Political Party, Views important for policy Carnes and Lupu (2016), Argentina Occupation , Education , Ideology , Experience Carnes and Lupu (2016), UK Occupation, Education, Party Carnes and Lupu (2016), USA Occupation, Office, Education, Race Clayton, Robinson, Johnson, Muriaas (2019), Malawi Education, leadership experience, family structure, occupation, policy priority, matrilineal vs. patrilineal kinship Eggers, Vivyan, and Wagner (2018), UK Party ID, age, profession, corruption history Hainmueller, Hopkins, and Yamamoto (2014), USA Age, race or ethnicity, education, income, profession, religion, military service Henderson et al. (2019), USA Personality, Endorsements, Issue Position 1, Issue Position 2, Political Record, Religion, Race, Profession Holman, Merolla, and Zechmeister (2016), USA Context, Opponent Hopkins, Daniel (2014), USA Race/ethnicity, party ID, religion, issue positions on health care, gun control, abortion, government spending and gay marriage, annual income Kirkland and Coppock (2017), USA - MTurk Age, Experience, Occupation, Race, Party Kirkland and Coppock (2017), USA - YouGov Age, Experience, Occupation, Race, Party Mo (2015), Florida Competition Saha and Weeks (2019), DLABSS 1 Progressive, Political Agenda, Political Experience Saha and Weeks (2019), USA, DLABSS 2 Profession, Age, Progressive, Political Agenda, Political Experience Saha and Weeks (2019), USA, SSI Personality traits, Family, Progressive, Political Agenda Saha and Weeks (2019), UK, Prolific Personality traits, Family, Progressive, Political Agenda Sen (2017), USA, SSI 1 Political Party, Religion, Education, Court experience, Race/Ethnicity, Age, Profession Sen (2017), USA, SSI 2 Religion, Education, Court experience, Race/Ethnicity, Age, Profession Teele, Kalla, and Rosenbluth (2018), USA Occupation, Experience, Age, Children, Spouse's Job Visconti (2017), Chile Ideology, age, profession, political experience, position on flood relief Mares and Visconti (2020), Romania Experience, Negative Inducement, Positive Inducement, Investigation, Policy/Public Goods, Income Harris, Kao, and Lust (2020), Malawi Election Type, Ethnicity, Living Status, Partisanship, Type of future promise, Endorser Endowment, Actions at campaign rallies, Target of distribution Harris, Kao, and Lust (2020), Zambia Election Type, Ethnicity, Living Status, Partisanship, Type of future promise, Endorser Endowment, Actions at campaign rallies, Target of distribution Horne (2020), UK Party, Occupation, Education, Ideology Bischof and Senninger (2020), Germany Knowledge, Eurozone reform, Absent days, Motivation, Experience, Party Shaffner and Green (2020), YouGov Blue Age, Environment, Health, Strategy, Background Costa (2020), USA - Lucid Constituent Relations, Latest Tweet, Party Leeper and Robison (2020), US, SSI Race, Religion, Occupation, Party, Military Service, Education, Trans-Pacific Partnership, ISIS, Cap and trade, Tax the rich, Path to citizenship Clayton and Nyhan (2020), USA - Donors Partisanship, Race, Voting, Investigations, Compromise, Courts, Discrimination, Taxes Clayton and Nyhan (2020), USA - YouGov Partisanship, Race, Voting, Investigations, Compromise, Courts, Discrimination, Taxes Blackman and Jackson (2019), Tunisia - Face-to-Face Party, Job, Town, Education, Age, Policy, Experience Blackman and Jackson (2019), Tunisia - YouGov Party, Job, Town, Education, Age, Policy, Experience Ono and Yamada (2018), Japan Education, Specialization, Social Issues, Economic Issues, Military Issues Arnesen, Duell, and Johannesson (2019), Norway 1 Age, Education, Region, Relationship, Religion, Work Arnesen, Duell, and Johannesson (2019), Norway 2 Age, Education, Region, Relationship, Religion, Work Martin and Blinder (2020), UK, YouGov Ethnicity, Entry into politics, Immigration policy, Law enforcement, Party Goyal (2020), India Party, Caste, Occupation, Background, Policy Lemi (2020), USA, Qualtrics Experience, Ideology, Nativity, Party 3 Figure A.1: 954 Estimates of the Effect of Candidate Gender, Conditional on Auxilliary Candidate Attributes −20 −10 0 10 20 CATE estimate in percentage points 4 Figure A.2: Aguilar, Cunow, and Desposato (2015), Sao Paulo 10.3 (4.8) Candidate Race: white 1.9 (4.8) Candidate Race: black −20 −10 0 10 20 CATE estimate in percentage points Figure A.3: Arnesen, Duell, and Johannesson (2019), Norway Work: Self−employed 5.5 (3.7) Work: Oil worker 1.5 (3.6) Work: No work experience 7.4 (3.5) Work: IT−consultant 8.4 (3.6) Work: Farmer 10.8 (3.6) Work: Care worker −5.3 (3.9) Religion: No religion 3.4 (2.5) Religion: Islam 5.6 (2.6) Religion: Christianity 5.9 (2.7) Relationship: Married 3.7 (2.6) Relationship: Living alone 5.3 (2.7) Relationship: Cohabitant 6.0 (2.5) Region: Western Norway 7.6 (3.7) Region: Southern Norway 0.2 (3.6) Region: Oslo 6.7 (3.7) Region: Northern Norway 5.9 (3.6) Region: Eastern Norway 0.8 (3.6) Region: Central Norway 9.6 (3.6) Education: University 1.3 (3.0) Education: Ph.D. 9.4 (2.9) Education: High school 6.3 (3.0) Education: Elementary school 3.0 (3.0) Age: 80 years 6.3 (4.0) Age: 70 years 1.0 (3.8) Age: 60 years 5.7 (4.0) Age: 50 years 1.6 (4.0) Age: 40 years 8.0 (4.0) Age: 30 years 7.9 (3.8) Age: 22 years 3.8 (3.9) −20 −10 0 10 20 CATE estimate in percentage points 5 Figure A.4: Arnesen, Duell, and Johannesson (2019), Norway Work: Self−employed 3.3 (3.1) Work: Oil worker 14.1 (3.0) Work: No work experience 4.6 (3.3) Work: IT−consultant −0.5 (3.0) Work: Farmer 7.7 (3.0) Work: Care worker 7.4 (3.0) Religion: No religion 4.3 (2.2) Religion: Islam 3.1 (2.1) Religion: Christianity 11.0 (2.2) Relationship: Married 5.4 (2.2) Relationship: Living alone 6.3 (2.1) Relationship: Cohabitant 6.6 (2.2) Region: Western Norway 4.4 (3.1) Region: Southern Norway 10.7 (3.1) Region: Oslo 10.2 (3.1) Region: Northern Norway 3.7 (3.2) Region: Eastern Norway 3.7 (2.9) Region: Central Norway 4.3 (3.0) Education: University 4.3 (2.6) Education: Ph.D. 5.3 (2.6) Education: High school 8.4 (2.5) Education: Elementary school 6.5 (2.5) Age: 80 years 1.6 (3.3) Age: 70 years 2.8 (3.3) Age: 60 years 3.1 (3.4) Age: 50 years 4.4 (3.3) Age: 40 years 10.2 (3.4) Age: 30 years 10.9 (3.3) Age: 22 years 10.2 (3.4) −20 −10 0 10 20 CATE estimate in percentage points 6 Figure A.5: Bansak, Hainmueller, Hopkins, and Yamamoto (2018), USA - MTurk State of Residence: Ohio 1.6 (0.6) State of Residence: NA 0.5 (0.5) State of Residence: Massachusetts −0.1 (0.7) State of Residence: Colorado −0.2 (0.6) State of Residence: Alabama 0.4 (0.7) Religion: None 0.2 (0.6) Religion: NA 1.2 (0.5) Religion: Mainline Protestant 0.0 (0.7) Religion: Evangelical Protestant −0.9 (0.7) Religion: Catholic 0.9 (0.6) Race/Ethnicity: White −0.2 (0.7) Race/Ethnicity: Nonwhite 0.6 (0.4) Race/Ethnicity: NA 0.5 (0.5) Position on Health Care: NA 0.7 (0.5) Position on Health Care: government should do more 1.0 (0.5) Position on Health Care: government should do less −0.3 (0.5) Position on Gay Marriage: opposes gay marriage 0.9 (0.5) Position on Gay Marriage: NA 0.7 (0.5) Position on Gay Marriage: favors gay marriage −0.3 (0.5) Position on Abortion: pro−life 0.4 (0.6) Position on Abortion: pro−choice 0.1 (0.6) Position on Abortion: neutral 1.0 (0.6) Position on Abortion: NA 0.4 (0.5) Political Party: Republican 0.5 (0.4) Political Party: Democrat 0.5 (0.4) Political experience: U.S.
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