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JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW VOLUME 37, NUMBER 2 Winter 2011 1 JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF LAW A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO SPACE LAW AND THE LEGAL PROBLEMS ARISING OUT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN OUTER SPACE. VOLUME 37 WINTER 2011 NUMBER 2 Editor-in-Chief Professor Joanne Irene Gabrynowicz, J.D. Executive Editor Jacqueline Etil Serrao, J.D., LL.M. Faculty Editing Staff Business Manager P.J. Blount Michelle Aten Sara M. Langston Student Editors Senior Staff Assistant Ryan T. Noble Melissa Wilson Ian Burke Perry Founder, Dr. Stephen Gorove (1917-2001) All correspondence with reference to this publication should be directed to the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW, University of Mississippi School of Law, 481 Coliseum Drive, University, Mississippi 38677; [email protected]; tel: +1.662.915.6857, or fax: +1.662.915.6921. JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW. The subscription rate for 2011 is $100 U.S. for U.S. domestic/individual; $120 U.S. for U.S. domestic/organization; $105 U.S. for non-U.S./individual; $125 U.S. for non-U.S./organization. Single issues may be ordered at $70 per issue. For non-U.S. airmail, add $20 U.S. Please see subscription page at the back of this volume. Copyright © Journal of Space Law 2011. Suggested abbreviation: J. SPACE L. ISSN: 0095-7577 JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF LAW A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO SPACE LAW AND THE LEGAL PROBLEMS ARISING OUT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN OUTER SPACE. VOLUME 37 WINTER 2011 NUMBER 2 CONTENTS Foreword ............................................... Joanne Irene Gabrynowicz iii Call for Papers ................................................................................. v Articles The Application of the Death on the High Seas Act (DOHSA) to Commercial Space Flight Accidents.............................. Jeffrey Robert Kuhns 279 Suborbital Flights: A Comparative Analysis of National and International Law .......................................... Sara M. Langston 299 Book Reviews National Regulation of Space Activities, edited by Ram Jakhu (Springer, 2010), 457 pages ............................................ Review by Michael Dodge 393 Space Law: A Treatise, by Francis F. Lyall and Paul B. Larsen (Ashgate, 2009), 596 pages ........................................ Review by Stephen E. Doyle 401 Who Owns the Moon? Extraterrestrial Aspects of Land and Mineral Resources Ownership, by Virgiliu Pop (Berlin: Springer, 2009), 175 pages .......................................... Review by Chris Kalantzis 405 i 2 Bibliography: Aviation and Space Law: Relevant Publications ........... P.J. Blount 409 Aviation Laws and Regulations ........................................................... 409 Cases....................................................................................... 409 Articles ................................................................................... 412 Books and Reports ................................................................. 418 Space Laws, Regulations, and Policies ........................................... 419 Cases....................................................................................... 420 Articles ................................................................................... 421 Books and Reports ................................................................. 424 ii FOREWORD SOMETHING OLD AND SOMETHING NEW: THE APPLICATION OF COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS TO THE LAW OF COMMERCIAL HUMAN SPACE FLIGHT By Joanne Irene Gabrynowicz* This volume of the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW demonstrates that space law has reached another milestone in its develop- ment. The evolution of space law at the national and interna- tional level has reached such a degree of development that it invites analytical comparisons. The subject of this volume’s arti- cles is comparative law as applied to the law of commercial hu- man space flight. Comparative law has long been accepted as an important analytical device in determining the overall development in the content and application of law and legal principles in any given corpus of law. Comparing the differences and similarities among laws yields a greater understanding of some of the qualities valued in the law and by its practitioners. Is there enough uni- formity to be able to articulate a valid precedent? Are there sig- nificant enough differences to call into question the credence of an ostensible principle? Are the differences or similarities the product of culture, jurisprudence, or both? In his article, The Application of the Death on the High Seas Act (DOHSA) to the Commercial Space Flight Industry, Jeffrey Robert Kuhns compares the application of jurisdictional princi- * Joanne Irene Gabrynowicz is the Editor-in-Chief of the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW. She is also a professor of space law and remote sensing law and the Director of the Na- tional Center for Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law at the University of Mississippi School of Law. Prof. Gabrynowicz was the recipient of the 2001 Women in Aerospace Outstanding International Award and the 2011 International Institute of Space Law’s Distinguished Service Award. She is a Director of the International Institute of Space Law and a member of the American Bar Association Forum on Air and Space Law. iii 3 iv JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW [VOL. ples within U.S. federal law to maritime and aviation law and considers its potential applicability to space law. Mr. Kuhns ob- serves how U.S. Federal admiralty jurisdiction was originally intended to address marine disasters and was later applied by courts to aviation accidents. To do this, Mr. Kuhns notes where a court reasoned that DOHSA could apply in both a horizontal and vertical direction. Therefore, argues Mr. Kuhns, using this same line of reasoning, DOHSA should be interpreted vertically to also encompass space flight. In a more classic example of a comparative legal analysis, Sara M. Langston analyzes the development of space law con- cerning suborbital flight by addressing the similarities and dif- ferences among the national laws of various States and interna- tional law. Ms. Langston’s comparison highlights international air and space law regimes as applied by five States with an in- terest in conducting commercial space transportation. Using the United States’ regulations as a basic blueprint, Ms. Langston provides insight into the background and current status of na- tional space law frameworks. Through this analytical work, she presents the main legal issues, approaches, and arguments for legislating and regulating commercial human space flight. This volume of the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW contains re- views of three of the most recently published books in space law: National Regulation of Space Activities1, edited by Ram Jakhu, reviewed by Michael Dodge; Space Law: A Treatise2, by Francis F. Lyall and Paul B. Larsen, reviewed by Stephen E. Doyle; and Who Owns the Moon? Extraterrestrial Aspects of Land and Min- eral Resources Ownership3 by Virgiliu Pop reviewed by Chris Kalantzis. A bibliography that contains the most recent devel- opments in laws, regulations, cases, administrative decisions, articles, books, and reports in aviation and space law completes the volume. 1 NATIONAL REGULATION OF SPACE ACTIVITIES (Ram Jakhu ed., Springer 2010). 2 FRANCIS F. LYALL AND PAUL B. LARSEN,SPACE LAW:ATREATISE (Ashgate Pub- lishing, 2009). 3 VIRGILIU POP,EXTRATERRESTRIAL ASPECTS OF LAND AND MINERAL RESOURCES OWNERSHIP (Springer, 2009). iv CALL FOR PAPERS JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI SCHOOL OF LAW A JOURNAL DEVOTED TO SPACE LAW AND THE LEGAL PROBLEMS ARISING OUT OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES IN OUTER SPACE. Volume 38, Number 1 The National Center for Remote Sensing, Air, and Space Law of the University of Mississippi School of Law is delighted to an- nounce that it will publish Volume 38, issue 1 of the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW in the first half of 2012. Authors are invited to submit manuscripts, and accompanying abstracts, for review and possible publication in the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW. Submission of manuscripts and abstracts via email is preferred. Papers addressing all aspects of international and national space law are welcome. Additionally, papers that address the inter- face between aviation and space law are also welcome. Please email manuscripts and accompanying abstracts in Microsoft Word to: [email protected] Or, alternatively, a hardcopy of the manuscript and abstract, along with a computer diskette containing them in Microsoft Word format may be sent to: JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW P.O. Box 1848 University, MS 38677 1-662-915-6857 (office) 1-662-915-6921 (fax) To be considered for the next issue, submissions should be re- ceived on or before March 16, 2012. However, the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW will continue to accept and review submissions on an on-going basis. v 4 THE APPLICATION OF THE DEATH ON THE HIGH SEAS ACT (DOHSA) TO COMMERCIAL SPACE FLIGHT ACCIDENTS Jeffrey Robert Kuhns* I. I NTRODUCTION TO THE DEATH ON THE HIGH SEAS ACT (DOHSA) The Death on the High Seas Act (DOHSA), 46 U.S.C. §§ 30301-303081 confers federal admiralty jurisdiction on a mari- time death caused by wrongful acts, neglect, or default on the “high seas” more than three nautical miles (also called a “ma- rine league”2) from United States shores. Originally targeted at marine disasters, courts have consistently applied DOHSA to aviation accidents since the 1941 decision of Choy v. Pan Ameri- can Airways Co., 1941 A.M.C. 438 (S.D.N.Y.) where the court reasoned that DOHSA could apply in a both a horizontal and vertical direction.3 Therefore, using
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