It Seemed Like a Good Idea...An Exploration of How Science Works

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It Seemed Like a Good Idea...An Exploration of How Science Works

An Exploration of how Science Works • And how it fails! It Seemed like a Good Idea.... •How do we know what is right in science? Peter Watson •What do we teach our students? •How should a science journalist think? •The “Amadeus effect” History is Written by the Victors. Winston Churchill History is Written by the Victors. Winston Churchill History will be kind to me, since I intend to write it myself History will be kind to me, since I intend to write it myself We can learn a lot by looking at the history of wrong ideas. In many cases, the wrong ideas have simply been forgotten. Also, correct ideas have taken a very long time to be accepted. Usually the scientific method works in the end, but prejudice, preconceptions, racism and plain stupidity have hindered scientific progress. Also buried in the wrong ideas are nuggets of insight The Alchemist (Peter Breughel) The Alchemist (Peter Breughel) Examples include Outline • Alchemy and Chemistry 1.How Science Should work • Astrology and Astronomy • The Ptolemaic Model of the Solar System 2.Journalism: Friend and Foe! Lysenko and Acquired Characteristics • 3.Lightning • Eugenics • Wegener's Theory of Continental Drift 4.The solar system: Ptolemy, Vulcan and Velikovsky • Freud and Dreams • Maclintock and Jumping Genes 5.Energy: Perpetual Motion and Cold Fusion • Pons-Fleischmann and Cold Fusion 6.Evolution: Lamarck, Lysenko, Creationism and • Velikovsky and the Solar System Intelligent Design. • The E8 Particle Simulator (Lisi, surfer dude) "who is shaking up the theoretical physics field with his controversial yet elegant 7.The fraudsters. theory to unify pretty much everything in physics by mapping it onto the beautiful E8" 8.The Deniers: Smoking, AIDS, climate change.

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Leonardo Da Vinci and Perpetual Motion
Leonardo da Vinci and Perpetual Motion Allan A. Mills CELEBRATING LEONARDO DA VINCI CELEBRATING umankind has always sought to reduce the the same wheel, then the machine H ABSTRACT need for its own manual labor. Draught animals were one might turn “forever.” solution, but much more beguiling was the concept of ma- A number of empirical attempts Leonardo da Vinci illustrated chines that would work “by themselves,” with no obvious prime to achieve such a hydraulic chimera several traditional forms of mover [1]. Even in ancient times, it appears that at least two perhaps were made but went un- “perpetual-motion machine” in categories had been proposed: the self-pumping waterwheel recorded because they never worked. small pocket books now known and the mechanical overbalancing wheel. None of course Drawings and plans of self-pumping as the Codex Forster. He was well aware that these designs, worked, and as science and technology progressed it became wheels persisted into the 18th cen- based on waterwheel/pump apparent that any such device was theoretically impossible. tury and even into modern times combinations, mechanical However, before this understanding was fully achieved and as amusing artifacts of linear per- overbalancing hammers or became well known, many technologists and hopeful inven- spective [3]. Progress in the under- rolling balls, would not—and could not—work. tors [2] felt obliged to devote time to this hoary problem. standing of efﬁciency, friction and Among the former was Leonardo da Vinci. Well aware of the the conservation of energy gradu- futility of all suggestions for achieving “perpetual motion,” he ally vindicated the practical knowl- simply recorded—and refuted—ideas that were prevalent in edge that, no matter how ingenious, his time.
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The Museum of Unworkable Devices
The Museum of Unworkable Devices This museum is a celebration of fascinating devices that don't work. It houses diverse examples of the perverse genius of inventors who refused to let their thinking be intimidated by the laws of nature, remaining optimistic in the face of repeated failures. Watch and be amazed as we bring to life eccentric and even intricate perpetual motion machines that have remained steadfastly unmoving since their inception. Marvel at the ingenuity of the human mind, as it reinvents the square wheel in all of its possible variations. Exercise your mind to puzzle out exactly why they don't work as the inventors intended. This, like many pages at this site, is a work in progress. Expect revisions and addition of new material. Since these pages are written in bits and pieces over a long period of time, there's bound to be some repetition of ideas. This may be annoying to those who read from beginning to end, and may be just fine for those who read these pages in bits and pieces. Galleries The Physics Gallery, an educational tour. The physics of unworkable devices and the physics of the real world. The Annex for even more incredible and unworkable machines. Advanced Concepts Gallery where clever inventors go beyond the classical overbalanced wheels. New Acquisitions. We're not sure where to put these. Will They Work? These ideas don't claim perpetual motion or over-unity performance, nor do they claim to violate physics. But will they work? Whatever Were They Thinking? The rationale behind standard types of perpetual motion devices.
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Perpetual Motion Machines Math21a WATER MACHINE (1620)
Perpetual Motion Machines Math21a WATER MACHINE (1620). ABSTRACT. Is it possible to produce devices which produce energy? Such a machine is called a perpetual motion machine. It is also called with its Latin name perpetuum mobile. Water flowing down turns an pump which transports the water back up. There are many variants of this idea: a b electric motor which turns a generator whose electricity is LINE INTEGRALS. If F (x,y,z) is a vector field and γ : t 7→ r(t) is a curve, then W = F (r(t)) · r′(t) dt is Ra used to power the motor. In all of these ideas, there is called a line integral along the curve. The short-hand notation F · ds is also used. If F is a force field, Rγ a twist like some kind of gear or change of voltage which then W is work. confuses a naive observer. CLOSED CURVES. The fundamental theorem of line integrals assures that the line integral along a closed curve is zero if the vector field is a gradient field. The work done along a closed path is zero. In a physical context, this can be understood as energy conservation. BALL MACHINE (1997). ENERGY CONSERVATION. All physical experiments so far confirm that static force fields in our universe are of the form F = −∇U, where U is a function called the potential energy. If a body moves in this force The energy needed to lift the balls up is claimed to be field, its acceleration satisfies by Newton’s laws mx¨ = F (x).
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Zero-Point Fluctuations in Rotation: Perpetuum Mobile of the Fourth Kind Without Energy Transfer M
Zero-point fluctuations in rotation: Perpetuum mobile of the fourth kind without energy transfer M. N. Chernodub To cite this version: M. N. Chernodub. Zero-point fluctuations in rotation: Perpetuum mobile of the fourth kind without energy transfer. Mathematical Structures in Quantum Systems and pplications, Jun 2012, Benasque, Spain. 10.1393/ncc/i2013-11523-5. hal-01100378 HAL Id: hal-01100378 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01100378 Submitted on 9 Jan 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Zero-point fluctuations in rotation: Perpetuum mobile of the fourth kind without energy transfer∗ M. N. Chernoduby CNRS, Laboratoire de Mathématiqueset Physique Théorique,UniversitéFran¸cois-Rabelais Tours, Fédération Denis Poisson, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, Krijgslaan 281, S9, B-9000 Gent, Belgium In this talk we discuss a simple Casimir-type device for which the rotational energy reaches its global minimum when the device rotates about a certain axis rather than remains static. This unusual property is a direct consequence of the fact that the moment of inertia of zero-point vacuum fluctuations is a negative quantity (the rotational vacuum effect).
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Lesson Guide
SUGGESTED REFERENCES Perpetual Motion: The History of an Obsession Perpetual Motion W.J.G. Ord-Hume Kevin T. Kilty June 1998 Copyright 1992, 1999 All rights reserved Jim's Free Energy Page http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Lab/1287/ NATIONAL SCIENCE EDUCATION STANDARDS Grades K - 4 and 5 - 8 Grades 5 - 8 Unifying Concepts and Processes Physical Science Evidence, models, and explanation Transfer of energy Form and function History and Nature of Science Science as Inquiry History of science VOLUME 16 ISSUE 7 Understanding about scientific inquiry PURSUING ENERGY ALTERNATIVES Physical Science Position and motion of objects SYNOPSIS Science and Technology Abilities of technological design What would you think of powering a car using a water fuel cell, a Understanding about science and technology home furnace powered by permanent magnets or a self driven elec- *Source: National Science Education Standards, 1996, National Academy Press tromagnetic engine with enough power to put a spacecraft into CREDITS orbit? This is all energy that we wouldn't have to pay for and Accreditation Board EDUCATOR ADVISORY PANEL for Engineering energy that wouldn't pollute the earth. Not only would free ener- and Fred Barch, M.S. Debra A. Murnan, B.A. Technology gy change our world but it would end our dependence on having to Rosemary Botting, M.S. John A. Murnan III, M.S. use so much of earth's fossil fuels. PRODUCTION CREDITS WRITER/PRODUCER: Megan Hantz In this edition of Science Screen Report for Kids, we will take a ASSOCIATE PRODUCER: Judi Sitkin look at the highly debated topic of free energy.
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Design and Fabrication of Moto Autor
A. John Joseph Clinton Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 5, Issue 1( Part 4), January 2015, pp.07-16 RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Design and Fabrication of Moto Autor A. John Joseph Clinton*, P. Rajkumar** *(Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandy College of Engineering, Affliated to Anna University- Chennai, Tuticorin-05) ** (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chandy College of Engineering,Affliated to Anna University- Chennai, Tuticorin-05) ABSTRACT This project is based on the need for the unconventional motor. This work will be another addition in the unconventional revolution. Our project is mainly composed of design and fabrication of the ―MOTO AUTOR‖ which is a replacement of conventional motors in many applications of it. This motoautor can run on its own without any traditional input for fuelling it except for the initiation where permanent magnets has to be installed at first. It is a perpetual motion system that can energize itself by taking up the free energy present in the nature itself. This project enables to motorize systems with very minimal expenditure of energy. Keywords–Perpetual motion, Free energy conversion, Unconventional motor, Magnetic principles, Self- energizing I. INTRODUCTION Perhaps the first electric motors were In normal motoring mode, most electric motors simple electrostatic devices created by the Scottish operate through the interaction between an electric monk Andrew Gordon in the 1740s. The theoretical motor's magnetic field and winding currents to principle behind production of mechanical force by generate force within the motor. In certain the interactions of an electric current and a magnetic applications, such as in the transportation industry field, Ampère's force law, was discovered later with traction motors, electric motors can operate in by André-Marie Ampère in 1820.
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Bizarre Forms of Matter Called Time Crystals Were Once Thought to Be Physically Impossible
NEWS FEATURE A MATTER OF TIME Bizarre forms of matter called time crystals were once thought to be physically impossible. But thanks to a loophole, they now exist. BY ELIZABETH GIBNEY hristopher Monroe spends his life clock that never needs winding. The pattern poking at atoms with light. He arranges repeats in time in much the same way that the them into rings and chains and then atoms of a crystal repeat in space. The idea was Cmassages them with lasers to explore their prop- so challenging that when Nobel prizewinning erties and make basic quantum computers. Last physicist Frank Wilczek proposed the provoca- year, he decided to try something seemingly tive concept1 in 2012, other researchers quickly impossible: to create a time crystal. proved there was no way to create time crystals. The name sounds like a prop from Doctor But there was a loophole — and researchers Who, but it has roots in actual physics. Time in a separate branch of physics found a way CROWTHER PETER BY ILLUSTRATION crystals are hypothetical structures that pulse to exploit the gap. Monroe, a physicist at the without requiring any energy — like a ticking University of Maryland in College Park, and 164 | NATURE | VOL 543 | 9 MARCH© 22017017 Mac millan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri nger Nature. All ri ghts reserved. ©2017 Mac millan Publishers Li mited, part of Spri nger Nature. All ri ghts reserved. FEATURE NEWS his team used chains of atoms they had constructed for other purposes to make a version of a time crystal2 (see ‘How to create a time crystal’).
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Invalidity of Prohibition of the Perpetual Motion Engine of The
Invalidity of prohibition of the perpetual motion engine of the second kind and the scenario of using these engines for prevention of the “thermal death” on the Earth: The transformation of power production and consumption into the circulation of heat S.D. HAITUN The leading researcher of the Institute for the History of Science and Technology Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russian Federation <[email protected]> The original Russian version CONTENTS Annotation 1. The threat of mankind’s death due to the heat pollution caused by the energy consumption as such. 2. Deceleration of the energy consumption growth is against the evolution vector and therefore is ruinous. 3. The author’s scenario: transition to thermocyclic power engineering based on the heat recirculation and perpetual motion engines of the second kind. 4. Invalidity of prohibition of perpetual motion engines of the second kind: four mistakes made by the founders of thermodynamics. 5. Clarification of the Second Law of thermodynamics. 6. Converging flow of ideal gas: compensation of a decrease of the thermal entropy by an increase of the non-thermal entropy. 7. The thermal entropy vs. the total entropy. 8. The definition of the total and thermal entropies in the general irreversible case. 9. Prospects of the transition to the thermocyclic power engineering based on perpetual motion engines of the second kind. Literature Appendix Annotation The paper is grounded on the author’s book «”Thermal Death” on the Earth and the scenario how to prevent it. Part 1. Power engineering based on the heat circulation and perpetual motion engines of the second kind.
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Free Energy Scams
Bad Science: Perpetual Motion There have been countless claims by quacks for the last 1200 years that machines could be built that would: # Provide energy with no energy input # Produce more energy than what was input into the system Both are clear violations of the 1st law of thermodynamics! The "Testatika" by Paul Bauman, a German engineer. Perpetuum Mobile of Villard de The device’s operation has been recorded as far back as 1960s at a place called Methernitha (near Berne, Honnecourt (about 1230) Switzerland). Supposedly, the community benefits from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_perpetual_motion_machines the invention. [38] “Free Energy” Scams There have also been many claims by con-artists who have claim to have built modern perpetual motion machines or technology that mysteriously extracts energy from the rotation of the earth, magnetic field of the earth, zero-point energy in vacuums, etc. Example: Check out http://www.steorn.com # $100,000 USD ad in “The Economist” claiming that this technology is developed, and they want a panel of scientists to test its validity (all test results will be held secret) # Scientist identities have not been revealed # Work not submitted for peer review, nor has been it been revealed in any form to the academic/research community at large # Incredible PR stunt, no science: the science of the con is to remove you from your wallet as quickly as possible! Pseudoscience & Voodoo science # Most well-trained scientists are extremely skeptical, as theory, experimentation and proof of concept are key elements of proper science Pseudosciences: parapsychology, homeopathy, phrenology, perpetual motion, flat earth, creation science/intelligent design, quantum mysticism, etc.
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Meyer, Stephen C
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The Lyric and the Lathe: Dreams of Perfect Poetic Efficiency, 1800-1917
Eastern Illinois University The Keep Masters Theses Student Theses & Publications 2015 The yL ric and the Lathe: Dreams of Perfect Poetic Efficiency, 1800-1917 Steven A. Nathaniel Eastern Illinois University This research is a product of the graduate program in English at Eastern Illinois University. Find out more about the program. Recommended Citation Nathaniel, Steven A., "The yL ric and the Lathe: Dreams of Perfect Poetic Efficiency, 1800-1917" (2015). Masters Theses. 2376. https://thekeep.eiu.edu/theses/2376 This is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Theses & Publications at The Keep. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses by an authorized administrator of The Keep. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Graduate School EASTERN !UJNOIS UNIVERSITY' Thesis Maintenance and Reproduction Certificate FOR: Graduate Candidates Completing Theses in Partial Fulfillment of the Degree Graduate Faculty Advisors Directing the Theses RE: Preservation, Reproduction, and Distribution of Thesis Research Preserving, reproducing, and distributing thesis research is an important part of Booth Library's responsibility to provide access to scholarship. In order to further this goal, Booth Library makes all graduate theses completed as part of a degree program at Eastern Illinois University available for personal study, research, and other not-for-profit educational purposes. Under 17 U.S.C. § 108, the library may reproduce and distribute a copy without infringing on copyright; however, professional courtesy dictates that permission be requested from the author before doing so. Your signatures affirm the following: • The graduate candidate is the author of this thesis. • The graduate candidate retains the copyright and intellectual property rights associated with the original research, creative activity, and intellectual or artistic content of the thesis.
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Toward a Cog;Nitive Theory of Consci(!Usness
-----DANIEL C. DENNETT----- Toward a Cog;nitive Theory of Consci(!USness I Philosophers of mind and epistemologists have much to learn from recent work in cognitive psychology, but one of philosophy's favor ite facets of mentality has received scant attention from cognitive psychologists, and that is consciousness itself: full-blown, intro spective, inner-world, phenomenological consciousness. In fact if one looks in the obvious places (the more ambitious attempts at whole theories, overviews of recent research, and more specialized work ih such areas as attention and "mental imagery") one finds not so much a lack of interest as a deliberate and adroit avoidance of the issue. I think I know why. Consciousness appears to be the last bastion of occult properties, epiphenomena, immeasurable sub jective states-in short, the one area of mind best left to the philoso phers, who are welcome to it. Let them make fools of themselves trying to corral the quicksilver of "phenomenology" into a respect able theory. This would permit an acceptable division' of labor were it not for the fact that cognitive psychologists have skirted the domain of con sciousness by so wide a margin that they offer almost no suggestions about what the "interface" between the models of cognitive psy chology and a theory of consciousness should be. I propose to fill this gap and sketch a theory of consciousness that can be continuous with, and help unify, current cognitivist theories of perception, problem-solving, and language use. I fear that to the extent that the view I put forward is seen to meet these desiderata it will seem not to do justice to the phenomena, so it would help if first I said just what I am trying to do justice to.
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