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A Short Walk from Paradise: Initial Excavations at the Ruins of Kaxil Uinic, Belize

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A Short Walk from Paradise: Initial Excavations at the Ruins of Kaxil Uinic, Belize A Short Walk from Paradise: Initial Excavations at the Ruins of Kaxil Uinic, Belize by Matthew Charles Harris, B.S. A Thesis In ANTHROPOLOGY Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS Approved Brett A. Houk, Ph.D. Chair of Committee Tamra Walter, Ph.D. Dominick Casadonte Interim Dean of the Graduate School May, 2013 ©Copyright 2013, Matthew C. Harris Texas Tech University, Matthew Charles Harris, May 2013 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to begin by thanking Dr. Brett A. Houk for facilitating this research and restarting the Chan Chich Archaeological Project (CCAP). Without his help none of this research would have been possible. I would also like to thank Dr. John Morris and Dr. Jaime Awe of the Institute of Archaeology (IA) in Belize for being supportive of the work we conducted there. A great deal of thanks also goes to the owners of the property, the Bowen Family, and the manager of the property, Alistair Macpherson. The staff at Chan Chich Lodge is also entitled to a great deal of thanks, especially Elder de Leon and Letty Martinez. We were also assisted in the field by some of the staff of Chan Chich Lodge. They made working at Kaxil Uinic possible by clearing the road and some of the structures of vegetation. I would like to extend my thanks to Emil Flota, Eduardo (Yayo) Granados, Elias Romero, Pedro Barahona, Jorge Montuy, Migde Perdomo, and Jose (Chelis) Monroy for all their hard work in the field. I also owe a debt of gratitude to the lodge’s head cook, Maritsa Montuy, whose selection of meals was fantastic and never left us hungry. All other staff members of the lodge are also owed a great deal of thanks. These include: Don Gilberto Vasquez, Don Israel Ramirez, Luis Romero, Massiel Carrillo, Shaira Carrillo, Jeremias Serminia, Yasmin Perdomo, Eulalio, Corado, Esmerelda De La Rosa, Arlene Sanabria, Teresa Cordova, Olivia Cordova, Rosario Vasquez, Leny Sonabria, Raul ii Texas Tech University, Matthew Charles Harris, May 2013 Martinez, Marina Cortez, Karina Rodriguez, Marely Moh, Herminia, Cortez, and Marvin Ramirez. Alan Jeal and Hector Gomez, Gallon Jug staff members, are also owed a great deal of thanks. I would also like to thank Vincent M. Sisneros, staff member of the Chan Chich Archaeological Project, for assisting me in the field at Kaxil Uinic. His experience in the field assisted me greatly. The students who attended the field school are also owed thanks because without their interest the project may not have happened as it did. I would also like to thank John Wall for his trouble shooting abilities while designing a relational database using FileMaker. The problems I encountered in the design of the relational database were the cause of many headaches. I also owe a great deal of thanks to graphic designer, Brittany Payne, for cleaning up my artifact photos. Finally, I would like to thank Dr. Fred Valdez, Jr. for his analysis of the ceramics from Kaxil Uinic and Margaret Greco for illustrating several sherds. iii Texas Tech University, Matthew Charles Harris, May 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................ ii Table of Contents ........................................................................................................ iv Abstract ........................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables .............................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................ viii 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Natural Setting ........................................................................................................... 3 Cultural Setting .......................................................................................................... 7 Background .............................................................................................................. 10 2. Research Design and Methodology ...................................................................... 15 Research Questions .................................................................................................. 19 Originally Proposed Methodology ........................................................................... 19 Modified Methodology ............................................................................................ 22 Lab Procedures ......................................................................................................... 24 Digital Data Collection System and Relational Database ........................................ 25 3. Results ..................................................................................................................... 27 Site Layout ............................................................................................................... 27 Investigations in the Plaza ........................................................................................ 30 Stela 1............................................................................................................................................. 32 Altar 1 ............................................................................................................................................ 41 Structure 6 ...................................................................................................................................... 49 Structure 12 .................................................................................................................................... 57 iv Texas Tech University, Matthew Charles Harris, May 2013 Structure 2 Excavations............................................................................................ 61 Surface Finds ............................................................................................................ 70 Locating the Historic Village of Kaxil Uinic ........................................................... 73 Artifacts .................................................................................................................... 77 Summary .................................................................................................................. 85 4. Discussion ............................................................................................................... 87 Is Kaxil Uinic Connected to Chan Chich by a Sacbe? ............................................. 87 What are the Extent, Condition, and Nature of the Prehistoric Site? ....................... 87 What is the Age of the Prehistoric Site? .................................................................. 88 What is the Condition of the Monuments at the Site? ............................................. 89 What is the Condition and Extent of the Historic Village/Chicle Camp?................ 89 What is the Spatial Relationship Between the Historic Village/Chicle Camp, the Aguada, and the Prehistoric Ruins? ......................................................................... 89 The Structure 6 Surface Artifact Deposit and Concepts of Directionality ............... 90 Monument Veneration and Resetting ...................................................................... 94 Preclassic Occupation .............................................................................................. 97 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 98 References ................................................................................................................. 100 v Texas Tech University, Matthew Charles Harris, May 2013 ABSTRACT The summer of 2012 marked the first field season of excavations at the ruins of Kaxil Uinic in northwestern Belize. The goal of the investigation was to understand the site and its relationships to the nearby site of Chan Chich, the historic Maya village/chicle camp, and a nearby aguada. In the course of the investigations, the original map of the site was modified and two previously unidentified structures were added. The stela and altar at the site were also targeted for investigation to better understand the chronology of the site. Some structures were also investigated for this purpose. This thesis discusses what was found during excavation at the site and provides possible explanations for the nature of certain concentrations of artifacts found. vi Texas Tech University, Matthew Charles Harris, May 2013 LIST OF TABLES 2.1 List of Operation KU-1 Suboperations Excavated................................................. 24 3.1 Dimensions of Structure by Number. *based on Guderjan et al. (1991:Figure 33). ................................................................................. 28 3.2 List of Lots by Suboperation in Op KU-1 .............................................................. 31 3.3 Artifact counts by lot .............................................................................................. 78 3.4 Lots with Ceramic count by Suboperation in Op KU-1. ........................................ 79 4.1 Contents of Structure 6 Deposit. ...........................................................................
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