E-ISSN Irfan Azis 21 TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS of DARK
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Vol.1, No. 1, Februari 2021 p-ISSN - e-ISSN TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS OF DARK JOKES IN THE SUBTITLE OF JOKER MOVIE 2019 Irfan Azis Invada College of Foreign Language Cirebon, West Java E-mail: [email protected] Received: Abstract Revised: The study focuses on analyzing the translation technique of dark Approved: jokes in the subtitle of Joker movie 2019 that classified as a qualitative descriptive study. The Source of data that the user is taken from the original subtitle of the movie. This study formulated two research questions concerning the form of dark jokes and translation technique in the subtitle of dark jokes. This study applied the theory of Molina and Albir (2002) to analyze the translation technique. The result of this study finds two forms of dark jokes which are dialogue and monologue. Both of form has 6 data of the study. Then, the study found 7 translation techniques that were used in translating dark jokes of the Joker movie 2019 subtitle. Those are adaptation, borrowing, Linguistic Amplification, Linguistic compression, Literal Translation, Modulation, and Reduction. Translation techniques used were 7 linguistic compressions, 7 literal translation, 3 adaptation, 2 borrowings, 2 modulations, 1 linguistic amplification, 1 reduction. Linguistic compression and literal translation are a most applied technique that used in dark jokes of joker movie subtitle.. Keywords: Dark Jokes, Translation Techniques, Joker Movie Introduction The movies from Europe and America usually use English as the language the movies. It cannot be denied, Indonesian people have a reality that they do not understand English fluently. So that could be the obstacle of understanding the story of the movies. The movie is one of the audiovisual media that is used to reflect reality with information that can be consumed in depth. In other words, the genre of movies was relating to the number of similarities such as theme, setting, atmosphere, or others. Movies suggest the use of terms that are inherent in certain characters. Those movies can present a specific, interesting, and significant difference through speech representation or dialogue between characters that play in the movie. One movie related to this case is Joker 2019 with dark humor and reality on the dark side of the world. This movie describes the pain of life through comedy that dark is not always being sad but also it can make people laughing. Movies suggest the use of terms that are inherent in certain characters. Those movies can present a specific, interesting, and significant difference through speech representation or dialogue between characters that play in the movie. One movie related to this case is Joker 2019 with dark humor and reality on the dark side of the world. This movie describes the pain of life through comedy that dark is not always being sad but also it can make people laughing. Joker is a film that was released in 2019 that gives a story about a clown namely Arthur Fleck who wants to be a stand-up comedian. However in the course of his career to become a stand-up comedian, joker faced the pain of reality. His life is full of sadness Irfan Azis 21 Translation technique analysis of dark jokes in the subtitle of Joker movie 2019 and suffering in the Injustice world. Finally, He failed as a stand-up comedian. But it brought him to descent into insanity inspires a violent counter-cultural revolution against the wealthy in Gotham City. Because of the performance and amazing act of the actors, the joker has received some awards at the Golden Globe Awards. Phoenix as the main actor has won the best actor drama and Hildur Guðnadóttir won Best Original Score. Joker also earned 11 nominations at two ceremonies – the British Academy Film Awards, and the Academy Awards. So, Joker is one of the best films in this category. Because of this, the researcher is interested in whether made this movie so sensational. Especially about the dark content of joker that is dark jokes. What are the forms of dark jokes? What are the translation techniques used for translating dark jokes in the subtitle of a joker? It will be analyzed in this research. The research is focused on the translation technique of subtitle of a dark joke in Joker movie 2019. Jokes are usually short stories or funny words. It plays puns to make laughing or smiling. Making a joke is quite difficult if we do not get used to it. In a joke, there are two parts of the structures. The first is set up, and the second is a punch line. Set up is part of being not funny. Then the fun part is a punch line. A linguist, (Hetzron, 1991)defines a joke as a short humorous piece of oral literature in which the funniness culminates in the final sentence, known as a punch line. There are several categories of jokes, from simple jokes to jokes that use sarcasm. The genre of jokes can be divided by the material as political jokes, observational jokes, dark jokes, and many others. Jokes are usually fun for some people, but they are painful for others. A concrete definition of dark joke stated by (Bucaria, 2008) that the expression dark jokes refer to joke that has as its aim that of making fun of situations usually regarded as tragic, such as death, sickness, disability, and extreme violence, or of the people involved or subject to them. Based on the definition above, this research comes to analyze translation techniques of dark jokes. As a consequence, none of these readily available definitions seemed specific enough to be able to narrow down the idea of a dark joke. Nevertheless, a more concrete definition of dark joke stated by (Bucaria, 2008)that the expression dark jokes refer to joke that has as its aim that of making fun of situations usually regarded as tragic, such as death, sickness, disability, and extreme violence, or of the people involved or subject to them. Based on the definition above, this research comes to analyze translation techniques of dark jokes. Translation emerged as a solution to solve this problem. Translation always involves two languages, namely the source language (SL) and the target language (TL) with a different language and cultural system. It can be understood as the transfer of a message with the corresponding word equivalent from SL to TL. In general, translations can be divided into several types, but in this study, the author only focuses on one type of translation, namely the translation of subtitles. Larson stated (Larson, 1984) that translation is transferring the meaning of the source language into the receptor language. This delivers the form of the first language to the form of a second language which is being transferred and must be held constant. In the above definition, it can be concluded that translation is the process of diverting messages from the source language with the natural equivalent as close as possible to the target language by paying attention to the language style. Otherwise, Molina and Albir (Molina & Hurtado Albir, 2002) define translation techniques as procedures for analyzing and classifying translation that can be equivalence and applied to various units of language, such as words, phrases, clauses, or sentences. In http://eduvest.greenvest.co.id/indekx.php/edv 22 Vol.1, No. 1, Februari 2021 p-ISSN - e-ISSN their theories, they stated that there are 18 translation techniques used in the translation are adaptation, amplification, borrowing, calque, compensation, description, discursive creation, establish equivalent, generalization, linguistic amplification, linguistic compression, literal translation, modulation, particularization, reduction, substitution, transposition, variation. There are two types of translation movie. The first is dubbing and the second is subtitling. Both types are related to the dialog of the movie. If subtitling is translated by written texts, then dubbing is the translation of the verbal text. In this case, this study focuses on subtitle movies. Dubbing can be defined as the process of recording other people's voices to replace certain sounds. There is changing process that involving source languages and target language. In that process, translation made the point of massage is delivered by audiovisual directly from SL to TL. Subtitles are expected to become a bridge the language and cultural differences. So, the movie can be well understood by the audience. Subtitling is done by translating text in the form of speech or dialogue of the characters from a foreign language (SL) to the target language (TL). Then place it at the bottom, right in the middle of the screen. From that point, this study related to the translation of subtitles in the movie. Research methods This research is a research of translation which is classified as qualitative descriptive research. Sutopo (Sutopo, 2002) states that in qualitative research, the case studies lead to a detailed and in-depth description of the field of study. In this case, this study describes the form of dark jokes and the translation techniques used in the subtitle of dark jokes in Joker movie 2019. The source of data was taken from the original script of the joker movie for the source language and the original subtitle in the movie for the target language. This study is focused to identify the form of dark jokes and analyze translation techniques of dark jokes in the joker movie 2019. The researcher identified which data source that collected from the original movie subtitles. Then, the researcher divided the data that collected into categories in data or not data of dark jokes that contains in the joker movie 2019. Then this research will collect data, describe it and analyze it.