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Risks and Management of Non-Native Impatiens Species in the Netherlands

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Risks and Management of Non-Native Impatiens Species in the Netherlands Risks and management of non - native Impatiens species in the Netherlands J. Matthews, R. Beringen, E. Boer, H. Duistermaat, B. Odé, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg, G. van der Velde & R.S.E.W. Leuven Risks and management of non-native Impatiens species in the Netherlands J. Matthews, R. Beringen, E. Boer, H. Duistermaat, B. Odé, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg, G. van der Velde & R.S.E.W. Leuven 29 September 2015 Radboud University, FLORON and Naturalis Biodiversity Center Commissioned by Invasive Alien Species Team Office for Risk Assessment and Research Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority Ministry of Economic Affairs Series of Reports Environmental Science The Reports Environmental Science are edited and published by the Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands (tel. secretariat: + 31 (0)24 365 32 81). Reports Environmental Science 491 Title: Risks and management of non-native Impatiens species in the Netherlands Authors: J. Matthews, R. Beringen, E. Boer, H. Duistermaat, B. Odé, J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg, G. van der Velde & R.S.E.W. Leuven Cover photo: Orange jewelweed (Impatiens capensis). Photo: J.L.C.H. van Valkenburg. Project manager: Dr. R.S.E.W. Leuven, Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected] Project number: RU/FNWI/FEZ 62002666 Client: Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Invasive Alien Species Team, Office for Risk Assessment and Research, P.O. Box 43006, 3540 AA Utrecht Reference client: Order number 60003347 d.d. 1st December 2014 and specification code TRCVWA/BuRO2014/9291 d.d. 15th October 2014 Orders: Secretariat of the Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected], mentioning Reports Environmental Science 491 Key words: Dispersion; ecological effects; invasive species; management options, public health, socio-economic impacts 2015. Department of Environmental Science, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Faculty of Science, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this report may be translated or reproduced in any form of print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means without prior written permission of the publisher. Content Samenvatting ........................................................................................................................ 8 Summary ............................................................................................................................ 17 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 25 1.1. Background and problem statement ..................................................................... 25 1.2. Research goals ..................................................................................................... 25 1.3. Outline and coherence of research ....................................................................... 25 2. Materials and methods .................................................................................................... 27 2.1 Quick scan of relevant Impatiens species and hybrids ............................................... 27 2.2. Literature review ....................................................................................................... 28 2.3. Data acquisition on current distribution ..................................................................... 29 2.4. Risk assessment ...................................................................................................... 29 2.4.1. Selection of risk assessment method ................................................................. 29 2.4.2. The ISEIA ecological risk assessment protocol .................................................. 30 2.4.3. Expert meeting on risk classification using the ISEIA protocol ............................ 32 2.5. Workshop on cost-effective management strategies ................................................. 32 3. Survey of Impatiens species and hybrids in the Netherlands and surrounding countries . 34 4. Descriptions of Impatiens species .................................................................................. 37 4.1. Impatiens arguta ....................................................................................................... 37 4.1.1. Species description ............................................................................................ 37 4.1.2. Habitat summary ................................................................................................ 38 4.1.3. Recorded distribution ......................................................................................... 39 4.1.4. Invasion process ................................................................................................ 39 4.1.5. Environmental impact summary ......................................................................... 39 4.1.6. Ecological risk assessment with the ISEIA protocol ............................................ 40 4.1.7. Other risk assessments and classifications ........................................................ 42 4.2. Balfour's touch-me-not (Impatiens balfourii) .............................................................. 43 4.2.1. Species description ............................................................................................ 43 4.2.2. Habitat summary ................................................................................................ 44 4.2.3. Recorded distribution ......................................................................................... 46 4.2.4. Invasion process ................................................................................................ 47 4.2.5. Environmental impact summary ......................................................................... 48 4.2.6. Ecological risk assessment with the ISEIA protocol ............................................ 49 4.2.7. Other risk assessments and classifications ........................................................ 52 4.3. Common garden balsam (Impatiens balsamina) ....................................................... 53 4 4.3.1. Species description ............................................................................................ 53 4.3.2. Habitat summary ................................................................................................ 55 4.3.3. Recorded distribution ......................................................................................... 55 4.3.4. Invasion process ................................................................................................ 56 4.3.5. Environmental impact summary ......................................................................... 56 4.3.6. Ecological risk assessment with the ISEIA protocol ............................................ 57 4.3.7. Other risk assessments and classifications ........................................................ 59 4.4. Orange jewelweed (Impatiens capensis) .................................................................. 60 4.4.1. Species description ............................................................................................ 60 4.4.2. Habitat summary ................................................................................................ 62 4.4.3. Recorded distribution ......................................................................................... 63 4.4.4. Invasion process ................................................................................................ 65 4.4.5. Environmental impact summary ......................................................................... 66 4.4.6. Ecological risk assessment with the ISEIA protocol ............................................ 67 4.4.7. Other risk assessments and classifications ........................................................ 70 4.5. Impatiens edgeworthii ............................................................................................... 71 4.5.1. Species description ............................................................................................ 71 4.5.2. Habitat summary ................................................................................................ 72 4.5.3. Recorded distribution ......................................................................................... 73 4.5.4. Invasion process ................................................................................................ 73 4.5.5. Environmental impact summary ......................................................................... 73 4.5.6. Ecological risk assessment with the ISEIA protocol ............................................ 74 4.5.7. Other risk assessments and classifications ........................................................ 77 4.6. Impatiens flanaganae ............................................................................................... 78 4.6.1. Species description ............................................................................................ 78 4.6.2.
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