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Hummingbird Gardening for Wisconsin Gardeners Using Native Plants
HUMMINGBIRD GARDENING FOR WISCONSIN GARDENERS USING NATIVE PLANTS “The hummingbird is seen to stop thus some instants before a flower, and dart off like a gleam to another; it visits them all, plunging its little tongue into their bosom, caressing them with its wings, without ever settling, but at the same time ever quitting them.” W.C.L. Martin, General History of Hummingbirds, Circa 1840. KEY ELEMENTS OF A SUCCESSFUL HUMMINGBIRD GARDEN A “Wildscape” Filled With Native Plants Loved By Hummingbirds With Something in Bloom All Season Long! Well-Maintained Hummingbird Feeders from April through October (with no instant nectar or red food coloring) Cover, Perching & Preening Spots (trees & shrubs with dense, tiny branches for perching, shepherd’s hooks, tree snags, brush piles) Inclusion of Water Feature---water should be very shallow and feature should include waterfall and dripper and/or misting device to keep water moving and fresh Use of Hummingbird Beacons (red ribbons, metallic streamers, gazing ball, or any red object near feeders and flowers, especially in early spring!) NATIVE HUMMINGBIRD GARDENING & WILDSCAPING TIPS Plant Red or Orange Tubular Flowers with no fragrance (although some flowers of other colors can also be highly attractive to hummingbirds) Use Native Plants, Wildflowers & Single Flowers Plants with Many Small Blossoms Pointing Sideways or Down Use Plants With Long Bloom Period Use Plants that Bloom Profusely During August & September Create Mass Plantings (not just a single plant) of Flowers that are Hummingbird Favorites Eliminate or Greatly Decrease the Use of Turf Grass to Create a Natural Hummingbird and Wild Bird Habitat (native groundcovers can be used in place of turf grass if desired) Use Natural and/or Organic Mulches (Pine Needles, Leaves, Bark) Whenever Possible Height of Plants should be Tall, not Short (or utilize hanging baskets or large containers for shorter plants)---remember, hummingbirds are birds of the air and not the ground. -
Plants of the Sacony Marsh and Trail, Kutztown, PA- Phase II
Plants of the Sacony Creek Trail, Kutztown, PA – Phase I Wildflowers Anemone, Canada Anemone canadensis Aster, Crooked Stem Aster prenanthoides Aster, False Boltonia asteroids Aster, New England Aster novae angliae Aster, White Wood Aster divaricatus Avens, White Geum canadense Beardtongue, Foxglove Penstemon digitalis Beardtongue, Small’s Penstemon smallii Bee Balm Monarda didyma Bee Balm, Spotted Monarda punctata Bergamot, Wild Monarda fistulosa Bishop’s Cap Mitella diphylla Bitter Cress, Pennsylvania Cardamine pensylvanica Bittersweet, Oriental Celastrus orbiculatus Blazing Star Liatris spicata Bleeding Heart Dicentra spectabilis Bleeding Heart, Fringed Dicentra eximia Bloodroot Sanguinara Canadensis Blue-Eyed Grass Sisyrinchium montanum Blue-Eyed Grass, Eastern Sisyrinchium atlanticum Boneset Eupatorium perfoliatum Buttercup, Hispid Ranunculus hispidus Buttercup, Hispid Ranunculus hispidus Camas, Eastern Camassia scilloides Campion, Starry Silene stellata Cardinal Flower Lobelia cardinalis Carolina pea shrub Thermopsis caroliniani Carrion flower Smilax herbacea Carrot, Wild Daucus carota Chickweed Stellaria media Cleavers Galium aparine Clover, Least Hop rifolium dubium Clover, White Trifolium repens Clover, White Trifolium repens Cohosh, Black Cimicifuga racemosa Columbine, Eastern Aquilegia canadensis Coneflower, Green-Headed Rudbeckia laciniata Coneflower, Thin-Leaf Rudbeckia triloba Coreopsis, Tall Coreopsis tripteris Crowfoot, Bristly Ranunculus pensylvanicus Culver’s Root Veronicastrum virginicum Cup Plant Silphium perfoliatum -
Experience Can Bias Bumble Bee Nectar-Robbing 1
Learning about larceny: experience can bias bumble bees to rob nectar Item Type Article Authors Barker, Jessica L.; Dornhaus, Anna; Bronstein, Judith L.; Muth, Felicity Citation Barker, J.L., Dornhaus, A., Bronstein, J.L. et al. Behav Ecol Sociobiol (2018) 72: 68. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00265-018-2478-6 DOI 10.1007/s00265-018-2478-6 Publisher SPRINGER Journal BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY Rights © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018. Download date 25/09/2021 12:14:54 Item License http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/ Version Final accepted manuscript Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627877 Experience can bias bumble bee nectar-robbing 1 1 Learning about larceny: experience can bias bumble bees to secondary-rob nectar 2 3 Jessica L. Barkera,b* 4 Anna Dornhausa 5 Judith L. Bronsteina 6 Felicity Muthc 7 8 aDepartment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA 9 bCurrent address: Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark 10 cDepartment of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, USA 11 *Corresponding author: [email protected], +45 87 15 36 81 12 13 Abstract 14 How do nectar-feeding animals choose among alternative handling tactics? Such decisions have 15 consequences not only for animal fitness (via food intake) but for plant fitness as well: many 16 animals can choose to ‘rob’ nectar through holes chewed in the base of a flower instead of 17 ‘legitimately’ collecting it through the flower’s opening, thus failing to contact pollen. Although 18 variation among individuals in these nectar-foraging tactics is well documented, it is largely 19 unknown why some individuals specialize (at least in the short term) on robbing, others on 20 legitimate visitation, and others switch behaviors. -
Impatiens Pallida Nutt.Jewelweed; Pale Touch-Me-Not; Touch-Me-Not
Kasey Hartz Natural Area Reference Sheet Impatiens pallida Nutt.Jewelweed; Pale Touch-me-not; Touch-me-not BALSAMINACEAE (Touch-me-not Family) Blooming season: Midsummer to early fall. Plant: 0.5 - 2.5 m high, much branched annual with juicy watery stems. Leaves: Alternate, thin, ovate, blunt toothed, 2.5 - 7.5 cm long. Bright medium green. Seedlings have paired, round, pale green leaves. Flower: Lemon yellow, often (ours are) spotted with red or reddish brown, especially on the lip, although there are several color forms (Rickett 1966 Part 2). Bilaterally symmetrical, roughly snapdragon shape. 3 petals with 2 of them cleft into 2 unequal lobes forming the lip. 3 sepals - 2 being small and green and the third lemon yellow, large and forming a sack or funnel, ending in a spur. The spur is bent at 90 degrees (or little more), pointing down and is about 1/4 the length of the sack/funnel. Flowers are held horizontally on pendant stalks. Cleistogamous flowers can form late in the season (House Part 1). Fruit: The fruit is an oblong capsule, which explodes when ripe (or when handled at near maturity), shooting seeds out, leaving 5 spiraled valves. Ripens late summer through fall. Can be confused with: Impatiens capensis or spotted touch-me-not, also called jewelweed, which has an orange base color and a recurved spur facing the sack/funnel opening (not downward). Kasey Hartz Natural Area Reference Sheet Impatiens pallida Nutt. 2 Jewelweed; Pale Touch-me-not; Touch-me-not Geographic range: Type specimen location: State: Mostly the southern third of Michigan. -
Jewelweed, Impatiens Capensis
A Horticulture Information article from the Wisconsin Master Gardener website, posted 28 Sept 2018 Jewelweed, Impatiens capensis Jewelweed, Impatiens capensis, is an annual plant in the balsam family (Balsaminaceae) native to northern and eastern North America that also goes by other common names including orange balsam, orange jewelweed, spotted jewelweed, and spotted touch-me-not. The species name capensis, meaning “of the cape”, was applied because its origin was mistakenly thought to be from South Africa. It is common and widespread in moist, shady areas such as low woodlands, margins of bogs and marshes, along streams and lakes, in ditches, and in disturbed areas such as road cuts. It is often found near the related but less common yellow jewelweed or touch-me- not, I. pallida, Jewelweed, Impatiens capensis, is a common native plant that is very found in moist places. similar but has larger yellow fl owers with a shorter spur and tends to be a larger plant. It was taken to England, France, and other parts northern and central Europe in the 1800 and 1900’s where it naturalized readily and is quite similar to I. noli-tangere, native to Europe and Asia. Native Americans used the muciliginous sap medicinally, applied topically to relieve itching and pain from hives, poison ivy, stinging nettle, and other skin problems. The sap has been shown to have fungicidal properties and has been used topically to treat athletes foot. Impatiens pallida has larger yellow fl owers with a shorter nectar spur. This self-seeding summer annual germinates in early spring and grows two to fi ve feet tall by mid- summer from a shallow branching taproot. -
Conservation Assessment for Fraser’S Loosestrife (Lysimachia Fraseri Duby)
Conservation Assessment for Fraser’s Loosestrife (Lysimachia fraseri Duby) USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region August 2003 Alice Long Heikens Franklin College Shawnee National Forest This document is undergoing peer review, comments welcome This Conservation Assessment was prepared to compile the published and unpublished information on the subject taxon or community; or this document was prepared by another organization and provides information to serve as a Conservation Assessment for the Eastern Region of the Forest Service. It does not represent a management decision by the U.S. Forest Service. Though the best scientific information available was used and subject experts were consulted in preparation of this document, it is expected that new information will arise. In the spirit of continuous learning and adaptive management, if you have information that will assist in conserving the subject taxon, please contact the Eastern Region of the Forest Service - Threatened and Endangered Species Program at 310 Wisconsin Avenue, Suite 580 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53203. Conservation Assessment for Lysimachia fraseri 2 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................... 4 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................... 4 NOMENCLATURE AND TAXONOMY................................................... 4 DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES..................................................................... 5 LIFE HISTORY........................................................................................... -
The Effects of the Parasitic Plant Cuscuta Gronovii on the Mating System of Its Host
Z .LISRARY {9&7 Michigan State University This is to certify that the thesis entitled THE EFFECTS OF THE PARASITIC PLANT CUSCUTA GRONOVII ON THE MATING SYSTEM OF ITS HOST PLANT, IMPA TIENS CAPENSIS - - _...,- -.— presented by KATHERINE MARGARET LANDER -<-.—.-.—-.-— - has been accepted towards fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of degree in Plant Biology Science fiat/M of. mm Major ProfesEor’s Si§7nature A? W c3007- - Date MSU is an ammative-action, equal-opportunity employer PLACE IN RETURN BOX to remove this checkout from your record. To AVOID FINES return on or before date due. MAY BE RECALLED with earlier due date if requested. DATEDUE DAIEDUE DAIEDUE 6/07 p:/CIRC/DateDue.indd-p.1 THE EFFECTS OF THE PARASITIC PLANT C USC UTA GRONOVII ON THE MATING SYSTEM OF ITS HOST PLANT, IMPA T IENS CAPENSIS By Katherine Margaret Lander A THESIS Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE Department of Plant Biology 2007 ABSTRACT THE EFFECTS OF THE PARASITIC PLANT C USC UTA GRONOVII ON THE MATING SYSTEM OF ITS HOST PLANT, IMPA TIENS C APENSIS By Katherine Margaret Lander Parasitic plants attach to other plants and obtain water, nutrients, and/or carbon from their vascular systems, causing a variety of effects at the individual, population, and community levels. These effects have been hypothesized to be similar to those of insect herbivores, but few studies have tested this idea. In this study, I investigated the effects of the parasitic plant Cuscuta gronovii on the growth, fitness, and mating system of one of its host plants, Impatiens capensis. -
Buffer Handbook Plant List
THE BUFFER HANDBOOK PLANT LIST Originally Developed by: Cynthia Kuhns, Lake & Watershed Resource Management Associates With funding provided by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Maine Department of Environmental Protection,1998. Revised 2001 and 2009. Publication #DEPLW0094-B2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements 1 Introductory Information Selection of Plants for This List 1 Plant List Organization & Information 3 Terms & Abbreviations 4 Plant Hardiness Zone Map 5 General Tree & Shrub Planting Guidelines 5 Tips for Planting Perennials 7 Invasive Plants to Avoid 7 Plant Lists TREES 8 (30 to 100 ft.) SHRUBS 14 Small Trees/Large Shrubs 15 (12 to 30 ft.) Medium Shrubs 19 (6 to 12 ft.) Small Shrubs 24 (Less than 6 ft.) GROUNDLAYERS 29 Perennial Herbs & Flowers 30 Ferns 45 Grasses 45 Vines 45 References 49 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Original Publication: This plant list was published with the help of Clean Water Act, Section 319 funds, under a grant awarded to the Androscoggin Valley Soil and Water Conservation District and with help from the Maine Department of Environmental Protection and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Graphics and ‘clip-art’ used in this document came from the University of Wisconsin-Extension and from Microsoft Office 97(Small Business Edition) and ClickArt 97 (Broderbund Software, Inc). This publication was originally developed by Cynthia Kuhns of Lake & Watershed Resource Management Associates. Substantial assistance was received from Phoebe Hardesty of the Androscoggin Valley Soil and Water Conservation District. Valuable review and advice was given by Karen Hahnel and Kathy Hoppe of the Maine Department of Environmental Protection. Elizabeth T. Muir provided free and cheerful editing and botanical advice. -
Selection for Pollination Success and the Mechanical Fit of Impatiens
Biological Journal of the Linnean Society (1995), 55: 355–383. With 8 figures Selection for pollination success and the mechanical fit of Impatiens flowers around bumblebee bodies PAUL WILSON Harvard Forest and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A. Received 15 April 1994; accepted for publication 9 November 1994 Selection on flowers has often been viewed as being particularly strict, constant, and responsible for species differences. Impatiens pallida and I. capensis flowers fit snugly around bees, leading one to expect a close relationship between floral morphology and pollination success. My studies on the amount of pollen removed from androecia and deposited on stigmas in single visits by bumblebees did not confirm this supposition. Trimming off parts of the floral vestibule with scissors and gluing in pleats had very little effect on the amount of pollen that bees moved. In reciprocal transfer experiments, flowers from different populations sometimes differed in the amount of pollen moved, but when the two species were compared in sympatry, pollen removal and deposition differed hardly at all. A comparison of the relationship between pollen movement and floral morphology among 15 populations showed that, although there was great heterogeneity in the amount of pollen moved, the observed differences were independent of floral morphology. None of this supports a belief in strong selection that fine-tunes the mechanical fit between bee and flower; selection for visitation success based on pollinator behaviour may have a much stronger influence on floral characters. © 1995 The Linnean Society of London ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS:*Bombus – pollen removal – pollen deposition – floral morphology. -
(Balsaminaceae) Using Leaf Traits
Botany Distinguishing Impatiens capensis from Impatiens pallida (Balsaminaceae) using leaf traits Journal: Botany Manuscript ID cjb-2020-0022.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the 20-Mar-2020 Author: Complete List of Authors: Whitfield, Heather; University of Wisconsin Madison, Botany Toczydlowski, Rachel; Michigan State University, Integrative Biology jewelweed, leaf shape, linear discriminate analysis, morphometric Keyword: analysis, speciesDraft identification Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Page 1 of 29 Botany Distinguishing Impatiens capensis from Impatiens pallida (Balsaminaceae) using leaf traits Running head: Impatiens leaf traits Heather L. Whitfield Rachel H. Toczydlowski1 Authors’ Affiliation: Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706 Draft For: Botany 1Corresponding author: Rachel H. Toczydlowski, [email protected] 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Botany Page 2 of 29 Abstract Impatiens capensis (orange jewelweed) and Impatiens pallida (yellow jewelweed) are annual species with similar phenotypes that grow in similar environments throughout the eastern United States. This makes them extremely difficult to distinguish when (chasmogamous) flowers are absent. We use morphometric analyses to identify leaf characters that distinguish these species. After collecting and scanning 342 leaves from plants of each species growing in co-occurring populations in Madison, WI, we quantified: leaf size, shape (using elliptical Fourier analysis), serratedness, and color. Using leaf size and shape traits, a linear discriminate analysis assigned up to 100% of leaves to the correct species. The uppermost fully expanded leaf yielded the most accurate species assignments based on size and shape traits. -
Phylogeny, Historical Biogeography, and Diversification of Angiosperm
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 122 (2018) 59–79 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and diversification of angiosperm order T Ericales suggest ancient Neotropical and East Asian connections ⁎ Jeffrey P. Rosea, , Thomas J. Kleistb, Stefan D. Löfstrandc, Bryan T. Drewd, Jürg Schönenbergere, Kenneth J. Sytsmaa a Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 430 Lincoln Dr., Madison, WI 53706, USA b Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, 260 Panama St., Stanford, CA 94305, USA c Department of Ecology, Environment and Botany, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm Sweden d Department of Biology, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA e Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, AT-1030, Vienna, Austria ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Inferring interfamilial relationships within the eudicot order Ericales has remained one of the more recalcitrant Ericaceae problems in angiosperm phylogenetics, likely due to a rapid, ancient radiation. As a result, no comprehensive Ericales time-calibrated tree or biogeographical analysis of the order has been published. Here, we elucidate phyloge- Long distance dispersal netic relationships within the order and then conduct time-dependent biogeographical and diversification Supermatrix analyses by using a taxon and locus-rich supermatrix approach on one-third of the extant species diversity -
Saururus Cernuus L. Lizard's Tail
New England Plant Conservation Program Saururus cernuus L. Lizard’s Tail Conservation and Research Plan for New England Prepared by: Michael S. Batcher Consulting Ecologist and Environmental Planner 1907 Buskirk-West Hoosick Rd. Buskirk, NY 12028 For: New England Wild Flower Society 180 Hemenway Road Framingham, MA 01701 508/877-7630 e-mail: [email protected] • website: www.newfs.org Approved, Regional Advisory Council, December 2002 i SUMMARY Saururus cernuus L. (Saururaceae) is a perennial herbaceous plant, found in forested and open wetlands in saturated soils and in periodically inundated conditions. Saururus cernuus is found from Ontario and Quebec, through southern New England and New York, into the southern and Midwestern United States. It is abundant throughout most of this range, but appears to be on the edge of its range in New England, Kansas (S1), Ontario (S3), and Quebec (S2). Saururus cernuus is ranked as G5 (Globally secure) and is a NEPCoP Division 2 (Regionally Rare) species. In New England, it is found at one site in Rhode Island (S1), at one undocumented site in Massachusetts where it is considered extirpated (SX), and at two sites in Connecticut (S1, E). Herbarium records indicate greater abundance in Connecticut prior to the 20th century. The largest Connecticut population contains over 50,000 plants. The second Connecticut population has over 1,000 plants, and the Rhode Island population has 100-1,000 plants. Threats include alteration of natural hydrologic regimes, shading by native and non-native species, and competition by invasive species. The overall objective for Saururus cernuus in New England is to maintain one large population of 25,000 to 50,000 plants within natural communities along the Saugatuck River (CT .004) and two populations of at least 1,000 plants at existing sites in Connecticut (CT .002) and Rhode Island (RI .001).