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Innv ndr r t t t r v n l r pr l n r f r St t b r r p r n th h n t f v rt l r — Ut nl nd født r n th h n t f h r z nt l r I v d n th pr v n Enz n r n r r b Gr f l p n t t n r r f
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rp nd b r nd t z n " nd "f r n b rn", St t t r l h th r p b l t . h St t t nd n l f r t n, t p rt nt r "f r t n r t n r t n nd r nt (f r r nt th t r n pl t r f rr d t M r nt b r nd", th " r nt t t t , h v nt l n b n pr d p p l t n", nd "p r n th v r n d ff r nt p bl t n . h r t n b r nd". " r t n p rp f th p bl t n t n r t n r nt " r f r t f r n jointly pr nt n l nd t t t b rn p r n th t f r n b rn fr v r l bj t r . p r nt , h l th r nt p p l t n l n l d nd n r t n h pr j t Migration Statistics r nt ( r n b rn th t t bl h d n h n th M n tr f f r n b rn p r nt . r n th l G v rn nt nd b r nd r t n b r nd r ll th St t t r nt r d nt n th t r th r b rn br d r h v t r nt t d v l p r t n l t n p r nt th t b rn br d. t t t . h M n tr f l G v rn h l t d f n t n nl d n p l nt nd b r r p n bl f r . t f th f n n n f th n r l d v l p nt f t t t nd v r W " r nt" n r l t r n p l pr j t . h b b d n rd r n t t r d r d b l t b n d ff r nt b pr j t f h h th l n xpr n . S th t r r nt pr j t Migration Statistics v r d th h n p r n nt d f n t n b t t b n r l p t f r t n t t t , d f n d n h nt xt. p p l t n t t t , l b r r t, pp rt n t tr t r nd rv f h p rt f th p p l t n th t d n t l v n nd t n . f t v n d f n t n nd r th r f r "n n r nt " r r f rr d t Terms and definitions " r n ", "th r n p rt f h r n d f n t n f " r nt " th p p l t n" nd h. h h f th t t ll p rp . In dd t n t rd d n t pl th t r nt f l r d f n t n h "f r n nn t b r n .
Intr d t n Immigrants in Norway
r , th t r " ntr f b r nd" d n t d f " ntr f r n".
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Target group h b n br d d v r n f th r n r n l d t n. h En l h v r n d t v n nf r t n n r t n n r t n nt rn t n l d n th n nt r t f r th t t n n r .
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At th b nn n f 6, h t r f r b r nd. Al t n th rd f th t th immigrant population n t t h n tr n r r nt b r nd t d 22 800 p pl r . p r nt f th th n n p r nt b n f r n b rn. 4 p p l t n (St t t r 6 . p r nt b br d b r n 00 f r t n r t n r nt nd p r nt th t r « n d nt ll » br d 00 nd n r t n r nt r t th t f th b rth. n l d d n th f r . r t n r t n r nt r b rn br d b p r nt t n r th l r t r p th n th t r l b br d, h l nd th r nt p p l t n, th 400. n r t n r nt r b n r xt n l n r th n ( 8 200 , b f r n b p r nt . n S d ( 200 nd r n b p r n th n p r nt ( 800 . h r r l n b n r r n t n l d d n th r nt th b r nd fr d f n t n. h l ppl t d pt d n rz v n nd Y l v , p r n nd p r n b br d b n t t ll n 20 00, th n "f r r r t r n b p r nt( . h r Y l v " l r r th n n nd v d l t t l f 48 00 f r n b rn p r n n t n l t . th t r n t n l d d n th r nt p p l t n, h l 00 r n Wh n d tr b t d b nt n nt, th b r n l d d. r nt p p l t n tl d p f p r n fr E r p ( 04 000 n t M t p pl ld n d r th 00 nt n r . 8 000 h v th r f r t n r t n r nt th t b r nd fr A ( n l d n r n b r nd (4.4 p r nt f r . h r d p t th n xt th p p l t n , th r l r nt . r p, Afr th 8 00, h l b th rth A r (USA nd C n d nd If n b n ll p r n th t r S th nd C ntr l A r h v 200 th r b br d r h v t l t n h. h n b r f p r n th f r n b rn p r nt, tt n f r S th A r n b r nd l n r h h 6 00 p r n r . p r nt f 8 200, h n C ntr l A r ( n l d n th p p l t n. A r t p rt f th r p th C r bb n n t v r n f nt n h t «d l t d» r nt th nt xt.
Some demographic aspects Immigrants in Norway
r 1 h r nt p p l t n Ab t h lf f th n n rd t z n th t l n r 199 h l r t r p r t d t r b t n 0 , r f r f l b r f r f (St t t r . In , l t 000 p r n t l , h l v l nt f r f r h f th thr pr v r r t b t 6 000.
Ab t rt r f th n n rd r t n d t f l r n 5‘ §(‘ th t r n t r l t d t n l . ( t& C b ; At l t p r nt f th r t n Q — ( 200 00 p r n nn ll b° n d t th f t th t f r n t z n r t- n r t n S nd- n r t n h d b r l t d t r n b rn r nt th t r nt p r n thr h d pt n r rr . r n b r nd p r nt f th n n rd r nt th t n 0 r r nt d h r r nl b t 800 p pl fr r d n b f pl nt nd 8 O n , nd th r p ll r f rr d p r nt b f d t n. r h f t rth A r O n th r f r th t r p ( r t n f r l t nl n t f rth A r n . pl nt nd d t n , th f r r n d r l t v l t bl n th p r d, r n th b r nd fr th l htl r th n b t 000 p r n h rd W rld (A , Afr , S th nd nn ll . h r l ttl r t n f C ntr l A r nd r r pr nt f l r l t d t p r n n t h lf f th r nt p p l t n n th r f r d t n, h l r nt 0 . r r r ft n br n th r f l l n . Reasons for immigration Wh n r t n t r b n t M t r f fr E t rn E r p , l r t t th nd f th 60 , t A nd Afr , h l th th t f r nv lv d th r t n f f r n r n f r r d t n r nl n ll d l b r. In th v rn nt fr W t rn E r p nd rth A r . p t t p t th t p f r t n nd M t r nt fr th ntr t d d b th r t n f h v l f r f l r n th t f l r l t d t r nt th t h v n th n t d th n l . b f r . Ab t th t , th l b n t ff nd th r n d Few refugees have moved back f r xp rt . rth r r , n r f f ttr t p rt l r nt r t t t n r r t d r nd th n r nt . r t rld, nd n ntl th r r n l v , 6 00 r f t r r t n t r . ( x l d n ll p r n n t r nt d l v t r d , h v r n l d n th h t l ll th r
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Immigrants in Norway Some demographic aspects
f l b r . n r 6, n f r n b rn p r nt. Alt th r, 0 00 r 0 p r nt f th r t ll th r t t l f 00 r p r nt r d n h r . h f r n l d n f ll b rth n th t l t n p r n th t t r th r j t f r n b rn p r nt. b f r r n nd nd t h v r, r t p r n n f r d n n Al t h lf f ll b rth th t f r n th r f v n t d . Oth r b p r nt t pl n O l . In , r nt f th p r d r l rl th n t t t d b t 8 p r nt f ll l t bl b nl 46 p r nt f b rth n O l . rl n th rd f th 2 000 r nt th t b r nd b n O l th t r h d t l t n f n l r r d nt h r n f r n b p r nt. Of ll nd n r 6. h pr n p l r n f r n r t n r nt b n , th d ff r n th t r f n l thr f rth r l t 2 600 h d d r t t th r h ntr b f r b r nd fr th h rd W rld. v r l r h v l p d ( t b t , b h h t th h v b n t t r t Ev r r n th ddl f th 80 , n r . th r h b n n n r n pr p rt n f nd n r t n r nt f Increasing births of people with p r n b th n r nt immigrant background b r nd, fr p r nt n 8 t ht t th b nn n f th 0 , 200 42 p r nt d d l t r. h pr p rt n 00 nd n r t n r nt r h d l n d f r W t E r p n nd b n r . h f r h n th n rth A r n h l th pr p rt n f b n n r n t d l nd n , t h rd W rld nd p rt l rl E t rn t 40 r . p r nt f ll b rth . E r p h n r d r dl d r n h t r, f rth r 4 600 p r n th l t d d . h r n f r th r b th n r n b nd h n nl th t th composition
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A l pr p rt n f nd n r t n bl 1 r p rt n b th t f r n- b p r nt f ll b rth th r t n r nt f th b nd l rl b r nd b ntr f b r nd h h pr p rt n th b r nd f 1995 x d p r nt , nd t th t th n t n l t r p n rn d r r nt rn th t th xp r n n pr f l t n f f r n- - b nt n r t n . C ntr f b rn r t n b r nd p r nt b r nd In r h , th pr p rt n f nd n r t n r nt fl t t S l 93 fr h p r nt n th n - rz v n 93 3 5 tn 9 359 b th b r nd fr S l t n 9 5 3 nd n , t nl p r nt n Sr n 9 9 3 A r n nd G r n . pp n th l t Ind 79 5 15 th r r tn , t n nd Sr r 7 7 n , h l t th b tt f th l t Y l v 71 5 53 M r 5 1 3 t th r th th A r n nd G r Ir n 5 193 n , f nd p r n th b r nd Ch l 39 13 fr rd ntr , h l nd nd h l pp n 5 5 Gr t r t n ( ll b l p r nt . In th rl nd 19 7 1 p r n th th b th r l nd 1 159 nl nd 1 9 13 n b r nd, 2 p r nt h d t n r 1 5 r n b p r nt . Un t d K n d 9 3 3 h l nd 11 t l f rt l t r t S d n 1 W h v n th n b r f h ldr n G r n 7 1 USA 7 3 3 1 th r nt b r nd th t r b n r l . h t n M th r r f th r ntr f b rth n h h h r l th f r r Onl n t n l t r p th r th n 1 b rth n pr p rt n t th n b r f n b h nd th . h r ft r, ld h v f th n r p h h n d pl d v d d th n b r f b rth b n d r bl . It pl th t th r r th n b r f n f h ldb r n n n r nt f th n t n l t . v r, h l l t n d n t r p th t t nd t h v h ldr n t t t nt n d r t n th v r t n n h r. d tr b t n b t n th r p . n th t nd rd ll d t t l f rt l t On th ntr r t r th r rpr n r t ( , h v r, th d ff r n th t th r h b n l ttl h n th n r v n d t. t t , th h nd v d l n t n l t r p f n b r f h ldr n p r f l rt n z . S n th b nn n f th l l t d f r v r nd v d l r p 80 , f r n t n , th pr p rt n f ft r h h f r f r v r r p nd n r t n r nt f th r f n ll d p . In rd r t v d b th t n b r nd h fl t t n f ll n d nt l r n d t b t 0 p r nt.
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t l f rt l t r t h r th f 5- r - p f f rt l t r t f r f l b t n 15- r lt pl d b 5 C ntr f b r nd th th r r f th r ntr f b rth f th br d th r r A b th nd f th r f v nt ° r p r n th r ntr f b r nd nl n d r d n t t r t n 5 W t rn E r p x l d n r rth A r nd O n v r t n , h ld n t b l l t d f r t n r t n r nt th t f r ll r p . r n b r nd, 2. h l t .8 f r th r t f th W b n d 4 nd n rd r t p p l t n. l r nt th h v r p th t r l r n h t b r d f r th ntr h l b l l t d. h f th nt r b t 0.04. p p l t n f r b th r .8 . r
Some demographic aspects Immigrants in Norway
Str tl p n , th f r d n t Unf rt n t l th b f f r b r fl t r th n th f t th t r nt l htl r th r b . v r, n n r n t t n h r b r n th t n n , f r th h v r l h ldr n tt r f r . At r t d h ldr n nl .88, th t h v r, th f r d l t th f r th r n rr r r l d ff r n b t n n t n l p rt f th p p l t n. r n fr t r p . If r t n d r nl th h rd W rld, th f r n 2. 6 p r n th t r t d h ldr n ( . . (v r .06 f r d lt r nt , h l b l 8 r , th ld n ll f th th t f W t rn E r p n n p l ff t pr d d b r t n l .2 . O t f th f nd v d l t n d lt . r p th n h n n h h
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n b r l l t n , th t n n l v , 200 f th h d rr d « h ldr n r nt » h v f th r r nt th t ft r . 2. 4, th r h 2. nd th t In th t nt r p r d, th n , nl . 0. Ev n f n d r h rt h d 00 h ldr n n r n d nt l d v t n , t pp r t b th th r r nt ( nd n dd t n l th t t n r f ll n th f t t p 2 00 th n n r nt . n nt f th r ld rl f ll t n n, n d r t n r t d p nd h l tn r f ll p tt rn r n b rn h ldr n th t th t l t r n. r nt p r nt , th r n l 600 p r n r t 4 000 n 20 r . v r, A nt n d b f r , 2. 6 f r th r l n d r bl d p rt r n fr th h rd W rld th n n th p r d th t b n r 6 r t n b l 8, v r .06 nl h lf f th 4 000 r t ll r d nt f r th th t d lt fr th n r ( 000 p r n . Ev n ntr . rt f th d ff r n nt n f l dd t n , th ld pr b bl b n d r d xpr h rt t th b nn n f 6 nl n n dj t nt f r nt n t t t d l t thr f rth f th f rt l t r t t th h t ntr ( h l r n l r nt . th r n n d ff r n h r t d th th p l t t n f r t d h d v l p nt f f r f r th d lt n . Adj t nt f f rt l t t v r n t n l t r p h v r th t f th h t ntr n r ll t d ff r nt. 20 r l t r, th 00 d nt d n nt rn t n l l t r t r r nt fr rth A r O (C l n 4, K hn 88 nd 4 . n h d d ndl d t r p f nl M t rv r h v r b lt p n p r n ( 0 p r nt v n n l d n fr d ff r nt p nt n t f r h l p nd h ldr n ( x l d n th 200 r p f th p p l t n, th r h ldr n th h d th n n r nt . p d t h f th t . n Aft r 20 r , th rd nd W t nn t l d t r n h th r E r p n r nt h d b n r d d dj t nt pr d t t pl n t r p th t 0 p r nt f th v r nd v d l, n th n xt n r t n r n l h rt, h l th r n th p p l t n r p h l . v l nt pr p rt n f r E t E r p n 8 p r nt. h d v l p nt The growth of immigrant groups, d ff r nt f r th 2 00 r nt including spouses and children fr th h rd W rld, h f r h d A r p f r nt n n r b n d bl d b n r 6. h b l r r r p n b nt l r t nd v d l n t n l t f th r b f r n f t n r r t n th 000 p r n n th t bl nt f f l nd h ldb rth. h rt h d b thr n h r p l b r d d n z ( 200 p r n r 6, n l d n b f r t n nd d th . W dd t n f p nd h ldr n. h n t d h r t n h rt t Ind n nd r h r p r l th d v l p nt f r d ff r nt n t n l t d bl d n th p r d. r p .
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Immigrants' part of the h v th pr n f r th r r t population growth in Norway d p r n n th d r t n f t f A p p l t n r h n th r r r r nt . lf f th W t rn b rth nd r t n th n d th nd r nt h v l v d n r f r 6 r r t n. In r h , th ( . . n , h l th v l nt r nt p p l t n r b 8 00 ft r f r f r n n W t rn r nt t t l f 0 800 r t n nd d th r ( . . n 88 . h n r n r r pl d b 6 00 r t n r p h th l n t d r t n f t , nd 00 b rth . h t r, th th j r t f h j t ft r th p p l t n f r n r d b r v lt n 6. Of th r p fr th 2 00 p r n . h r nt h rd W rld, th t n nd Ind n p p l t n t d f r 4 p r nt f th h v t d l n t n r , th t t l p p l t n r th n v n d n d r t n f t f v r 2 r . th h n t r n h h r j r r p th p rt l rl h rt th r p rt l rl r t r t n. d r t n f t n r r n n , p n ld th t r nt Y l v n , Ir nd S l n . h r hl t nd f r h lf f th p p l t n r th r nt r p f th 0 . r th n r t d . Many are married Duration of stay in Norway 44 p r nt f r n n n th h r r d ll n t b l r r p 20 r r rr d, h l rr l t n b t n d r t n f t nd f r n th p r nt p r nt. nt r t n n th r n t . It hl 20 p r nt h b t, h n th ld t h f r p r n th v r pr p rt n l v n t th r pl h rt d r t n f t t b ll n r r p t v l t 60 nd 0 p r nt r t d nt th t p r n th t nt. h r nt p p l t n n th h v b n h r f r n r t n r r . r p h h h h r f r v r, nt r t n d p nd nt n th r rd t th pr p rt n rr d, v r l th r f t r th n d r t n f th 66 nd p r nt r p t v l f r t l n . r x pl , r t n t n nd n. Alth h f n p rh p p rt nt f r r nt h b t, th h th t th r nt r t n ld b l v n n r h h pr p rt n f r nt pl f r 20 r 0 r . l v n t th r. Wh n n d r d h l , th pr p rt n p rh p l htl h f r h n d r t n f t f r h h r th n th t f th r t f th f r t n r t n r nt th t p p l t n. r n b r nd h th t h lf f th h v l v d n r f r 8.4 r The constitution and contracting r l (th d n d r t n f t . A of marriages h n th rd r 6 00 h v b n r h ll th d t n t n h r f r l th n r . Wh t t p l b t n r nt nd r n b f r nt l v n n th ntr t n p r n f r t n r t n r nt t th t th r r l t v l n r th th r t f th p p l t n. n n r . v r, th r l d nt f r nt t b n d r d rt n pr p rt n f r nt ( 2 h v n r fr d t f r p tt rn p r nt r 2 00 p r n th d r t n f rr th t r d ff r nt fr th t f t f t l t 0 r . W th r f r
16 Immigrants in Norway S d r ph p t
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1 r t n f t f h h h lf th r p r b v t nd th th r h lf r nd r W t rn E r p x l d n r rth A r nd O n
f th r p r nt . In n , th th r th r rr d th f r t r pr nt f p r n n r d t . n r t n r nt r n rt n th n h n t r d nt n Less th n h lf h v r n r • h r n n r nt , p 4 p r nt, r rr d t r n . Ov r 00 000 f r t n r t n r nt h r r r pl f r n n r r rr d. p r nt f n nd r nt n th n th
r th f pl t , n th f ll n l t th rd r nt l v r f r n r th t h v n t t t r .
Some demographic aspects Immigrants in Norway
pp t . 0 p r nt f r nt th t v r n t n l t r p . Wh r 86 r rr d t th r r nt r p r nt f rr d h n r h v rr d t p r n fr th n r n p , th v l nt tr . f r f r n n nl 0.4 p r nt ( f r 2.4. . h n t t t n f rr r hl f ll th n p tt rn, h h On h r t r t f n r nt n th t W t rn r nt f nd th lv x d rr th t th r fr n n l nd n n W t rn r nt , ntr n hb r n r r fr n n th r. A l r j r t (thr ntr th t r lt r ll nd n f rth f W t rn r nt ll l r t r . M r v r th rr d t r n, h l nl 20 r l fr p rt l r h rd W rld p r nt f n n W t rn r nt h v ntr h r r n n h v r n p . f nd p , . . h l nd. 0 p r nt f E t A n n x d rr r h 20 p r nt f n n W t rn , h n, h l 0 p r nt f rth v r nl n v r b th r r Afr n n h rr r n. xtr l r t d ff r n b t n th
r r p rt n n x d rr f ll rr d f r t- n r t n r nt 1 n r 199
C ntr f b r nd n - rz v n S l t n tn Sr n r Ir n Ind Y l v Ch l M r l nd h l pp n Un t d K n d USA n r G r n S d n h l nd
1 3 5 7 9 1 r nt • M x d rr I r nt rr
1 Immigrants in Norway Some demographic aspects
More explanations to why there are few mixed couples G n r ll , n l ttl b t h th r r n r th n th t d n t rr rt n r nt r p r h th r th r nt th lv p fr r n .
h n t n l t r p th t h rdl nt r rr th r n h v n n f t r n rr d r f ( . . n n nd S l n . It h v r l r th t th d n t xpl n h nl 2. p r nt f t n r rr d t r n . It v r nl l th t f l r n f t n th l r n h n t r th n 2.6 p r nt f th tn r rr d t r n , b th b nn n f 6, 20 r ft r th f r t tn rr v d n r .
Oth r n f t r f th r p th l t p r nt f x d rr th t th r r l t v l l r r p , th r b n t p bl nd n t r l t f nd p th n n n r l . S n t n l t r p h th t n h v d nt t th th r ntr f r n nd n th r f r f nd p th r .
19
Immigrants in Norway Ed t n
Tor Jørgensen 3 Ed t n
It d ff lt t rv th t r d th l v l f d t n nd th d t n l l v l f r nt th r p rt f r h h l nf r t n. r b bl , th v r l v l f d t n h l v l f d t n n r nt f th r p th n n n d t n v r rd n t ntr f b rth. b r l t v l l b t th r b v r, n l nf r t n r t d ff r n b t n r p f b t h h t pl t d d t n f r ntr . r l t v l n , t d ff lt t d pr h n v p r n f Highest education among d t n l l v l b t n r nt immigrants from Western fr d ff r nt ntr r r p f countries... ntr . It l p rt nt t Irr p t v f h r p th th ph th t th pr f l f th n n n d t n, f nd th h h t r n b rn nd th f r n b rn l v l f d t n n th p rt f th p p p rt f th p p l t n r d ff r nt. l t n fr W t rn ntr . h l v l I r nt r v r r pr nt d n th f d t n r p t v l l n r p th th h h t l v l f E t rn E r p n , nd l t n d t n nd nd r r pr nt d n th p pl b rn n th h rd W rld. I r p th th l t l v (th r nt fr rd ntr h v l v l ld t r p . h pr p rt n th f d t n th t l htl l r th n n n n d t n r tl v r th v r f r r nt fr th b t n r p f ntr . Wh r r n n E r p n ntr , h l th l h nf r t n f r nl l v l v n l r n th r p r nt f th r n b rn n b rn. p p l t n, th ppl t l t 60 p r nt f th th ntr f b rth n A n th f r h h v E t rn E r p . d t n l nf r t n, 40 p r nt f r nt fr W t rn ntr h d It h rd t th rt nt h th r n v r t nd ll l v l d t n n th r r t t d ff r n n th . I r nt fr E t rn E r p l v l f d t n b t n th p rt f nd rd ntr h v l htl th p p l t n f r h h h v r l r d t n l l v , h l th r r
1
Ed t n Immigrants in Norway
r 3 1 r n 1 r nd b v th f nf r t n n th r p. It th r p f d d t n b h h t pl t d f r l r th t th pr p rt n th l d t n nd ntr f b rth 1995 l nd n v r t l v l d t n r nt l r n th r n b p rt f th p p l t n th n n r nt r fr th r W t rn ntr . h r t t d ff r n r n n.
rd ntr ...However Iranians also have high education W t rn E - r p rth Wh t th d t n l l v l f th l r A r nd t r nt r p n r ? O n A n th r nd tn f r E t rn h h v d t n nf r t n, E r p C ntr l nd S A r r 3 r n 1 r nd b v th A Afr ( n l r p f d d t n b h h t pl t d d t n nd ntr f b rth 1995 1 r nt r nt r r / r Upp r nd r r • nd r l v l fll v l Ir n rt r l v l t n S r Ed t n t t t St t t r tn
f t th d t n t t rt r l v l Sr n
n r nt fr th h rd W rld. S l Wh n n d r p r n th n n n Ch l d t n p r t t r , n S d n t t th l t pr p rt n n v r ntr r p th r p t v l pr r n r l r nd r d t n, pp r n Un t d d r d t n, r t rt r d t n K n d h h t pl t d d t n. h pr USA p rt n f r nt fr W t rn ntr th t rt r d t n 2 G n p r nt n nd 2 p r nt n 1 r nt fr rd ntr , h r nl 2 p r nt f r nt fr r r / r Upp r nd r E t rn E r p r th h rd W rld h d • nd r l v l E l v d t n f th l v l. h v l nt p r nt n th r n b rn rt r l v l j t b l 20, l b n th
l l t n, n th r h rdl n l S r Ed t n t t t St t t r
22
Immigrants in Norway Ed t n
bl 3 1 r n 1 r nd b v b h h t pl t d d t n x nd ntr f b rth 1995 r nt r r / Un p f d l r Upp r r n S x nd nd r nd r rt r pl t d ntr f b rth t l l v t l v t l v t d t n
r nt th x 1 1 51 19 9
r 1 7 5 5 19 1 rd ntr 1 15 33 3 W t rn E r p rth A r nd O n 1 1 3 E t rn E r p 1 19 9 1 5 9 C ntr l nd S th A r A nd Afr ( n l d n r 1 1 5 35 15 3 37 1
M l 1 3 53 3 5 3
r 1 5 5 1 rd ntr 1 15 33 31 W t rn E r p rth A r nd O n 1 9 1 31 7 3 5 E t rn E r p 1 9 3 1 3 11 9 57 5 C ntr l nd S th A r A nd Afr ( n l d n r 1 11 7 39 1 1 3
l 1 9 9 5 1 7 9
r 1 9 9 5 1 9 rd ntr 1 15 33 5 5 5 W t rn E r p rth A r nd O n 1 1 5 3 9 9 7 E t rn E r p 1 3 1 7 1 C ntr l nd S th A r A nd Afr ( n l d n r 1 13 5 3 3 13 3
S r Ed t n St t t St t t r l th n 2 p r nt h v d t n t h p rt f th p p l t n fr Ir n h t rt r l v . M r th n 40 p r nt f v r h h l v l f d t n, th th r nd h lf f th r h n l rl d t n h n th lv fr nl h v pr r h l d t n. r th b rn n th r n n W t rn r tn p r n h v pp r ntr . On t f thr Ir n n h nd r l v l f d t n. Al t 6 d t n t t rt r l v l nd nl 0 p r nt f t n th d t n l p r nt h v pr r h l l v l. h l v l v n h v t rt r d t n. h r l v l f d t n h h n b th r f r r t n n th n n n nd n nd t rth n t n th nl pr r h l d t n nd th t th d t n l l v l p rt l rl f r th n v r t r ll l v h h n n n th r p 0 nd d t n. b v .
23 Ed ucation Immigrants in Norway
r 3 3 p l n pp r nd r d t n n p r nt f r t r d h rt b x nd ntr f b rth 1995
t l r nt 1
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1 17Ali 1 19 r 1 r r l r nt 1
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S r Ed t n t t t St t t r
24
Immigrants in Norway Education
1 out of 20 pupils and students is r 3 St d nt t n v r t nd an immigrant ll n p r nt f r t r d h rt I r nt r pr nt d v r 6 p r nt f b x nd ntr f b rth 1995 p p l n pp r nd r h l t l d t n n . M r th n t th rd r nt f th p p l r fr th h rd 3 W rld. h pr p rt n h n r d 5 fr v r 20 p r nt n 80. th n p r nt f r nt n pp r nd r d t n n r b n n f 15 th th r rd ntr nd b t j t n fr th r W t rn n 1 tr . h n b r f p p l fr E t rn 5 E r p h n r d tr n l n r nt -ff-E r nd n , th r p f p p l 19- r 5- 9 r 3 -3 r 35 r n t t t d p r nt f ll f r n b rn nd v r p p l nd r pp r nd r d t n, M l d bl th f r f 4.
h r r r th n 600 f r n b rn t d nt r t r d t r n n v r t nd ll n . h r pr nt d j t v r p r nt f th t t l t d nt p p l t n. Ov r h lf f th f r n b rn t d nt r fr th h rd W rld, . . h l r pr p rt
n th n v l nt f r f r pp r nd r d t n. On t f f v 19- r 5- 9 3 -3 r 35 r f r n b rn t d nt b n rd nd v r ntr nd b t j t n n l W t rn ntr . h b t t h h pr p rt n h n p r d th pp r nd r d t n. Sl htl r th n 8 p r nt f n v r t nd ll t d nt r fr E t rn E r p .
Norwegian-bom have the highest proportions both in upper secondary education and in IP• universities and colleges ii. l n h r r r l t v l r t v r t n n 19- r 5- 9 r 3 -3 r 35 r p r nt f th p p l t n n pp r nd v r rd W t rn E r p rth nd r h l, b t n th b n • r 0 ntr A r nd O n r nd th b br d. Wh r E t rn C ntr l nd S th A r 4 p r nt f th r n b 6 E E r p A nd Afr ( n l r nd r ld r n pp r n d r h l n , v l nt f r S r Ed t n t t t St t t r
25
Education Immigrants in Norway
f r th b n th r rd ntr rr p t v f h th r th r b n r r p t v l p r nt f r 6 r r r br d. Ind tr nd r ft ld nd f r r ld . Onl t bj t r nl th d n f b , t f thr 6 r ld fr th th r rr p t v f ntr f b rth. v r, ntr r p r r t r d n pp r ppr nt h p f r h th t th r nd r d t n, h l th pr p r r p rt l rl n rl n t n v r d l htl f r r ld . ppr nt fr n n W t rn ntr (E. nd n 4 . h r n h th pr p rt n n pp r nd r d t n h h h r What is the level of performance n th r n b th n n of pupils with immigrant th fr th r W t rn ntr ld background in Norwegian schools? b b f th p pl fr th In 2, U G O SK rr d t ntr t pp r nd r d t n r l t v l pr h n v rv n t d r . 0 000 p p l fr r d n pr r h l t nd r n pp r nd r General subjects are most popular h l. Ov r 4 00 p p l n th rv among foreign-born pupils v nf r t n b t th r l t r d h l r t f ld f t d th n pp r r t r d n th r r p rt b ( l nd r d t n r n r l bj t , 6 . h p p l r l f d n th d n tr t n nd n ll b f nf r t n th th lv v nd tr , r ft nd n n r n . Ab t b t th r th r nd f th r ntr 6 p r nt f ll p p l n pp r n f b rth. h r p f ntr d d r d t n n l d n ppr nt , r r , d v l p d ntr , h d t n th n n f th d v l p n ntr , th b n t n f ld f t d . r d v l p d ntr nd r d v l p n ntr nd C nf n h r r h v r r t v r t n ntr . . Ch n , p n, n, b t n th ntr f b rth r p n S th K r nd tn . d th t r f d tr b t n f th d ff r nt l r f rr r n th t p f f ld f t d . h b n r r rv , n dd t n l pr bl th t rd ntr , h v t n l l n p p l h d h r t l n t l r d r . h h n r l pr bl th t th r n bl t r p bj t t l r d r th n th nd t th t n n th rv . h r b n th r ntr . Al t p r h v r n r n t b l v th t th nt f th b n th h rd W rld nd l t f th r p n h ld v r th 6 p r nt f th b n E t rn p r nt ntr f b rth. E r p r nr ll d n n r l bj t n , h r f r r n b rn t rpr n l , th n n l n f nd rd b rn th f r j t th rv th t p p l th r nt b v 40 p r nt. In br d tl n , b th b r nd r v r r n b nd f r n b rn rl h t r n r p n t r f nd b r l t v l tr d t n l p rf r n n h l. h r l t n h . M r r th n b h b t n p r nt ntr f b rth nd n r l bj t nd r h p p l p rf r n v r . d n tr t n nd n bj t . G rl d n t th l bj t ,
26
Immigrants in Norway h l b r r t
Morten Kjelsrud and Jan Erik Sivertsen h l b r r t
I r nt nd th l b r v r ll p r n d 6 4 r t r d r t - n r l v rv r d nt f r n v b r 4. h p r n r d tr b t d b h p p l t n nn t n t th l b r v r t v t nd n r , r t v r r t d l th p r n h h r f r t h r « t t ». W ntr f b r nd. r fr r v d th t t nf r t n fr St t t r rr nt v r n f th n b r f d n tr t v r t r . r ,
S l t S t v n r l v r « r nt » r f r t first generation v f th (f r 4. . h t t t immigrants, th t t , p r n th
r 1 r n d 1 -7 r b r n f b rth nd t t th n nd ° t d th l b r f r v b r 199
All r d nt 11111111111111111 1111 11
rd ntr 1111/ ■1111/ 111 t f W t rn 3111111MO I E r p E t rn E r p - Y W W 7 •-;;" rth A r nd O n 1111115 W W A Afr - 111 S th nd C ntr l —111 =111111 111111111" 1■3 1 A r
1 3 5 7 9 1 r nt
• Or f n r pl nt E pl d b l b r ff C pl t l E] Und r d t n r t r n pl d p nt f S l b n f t D Oth r ntr b t n
S r C rr nt t f r l d t
27 h l b r r t I r nt n r
f r n ntr f b rth nd f r n b rn p n n r n th rd r p th n p r nt . n th th r r nt r p . rth A r th nl r p th r t r I r nt fr n n W t rn ntr pr p rt n f ld p n n r th n d t n h th lv b h v n l n th r n b . A n l r pr p rt n th t r rd n r l pl r p nt f ll n th r , d ( rn r , l r d pl r t r pr p rt n f n n W t rn nd lf pl d th n W t rn r nt r v tr n t n l ll n r nt nd th r t f th p p l t n. At n l br d nn r r r h b l t t n, th n th t , r t r pr p rt n f W t rn r nt nd th h l n n W t rn r nt r pl d b p p l t n. l b r r t r , pl t l n pl d, nd r d t n nd Important factors for immigrants r p nt f l b n f t ll n . in the labour market E t E r p n r th r p th th W th r rd t r nt nd th l l t pr p rt n f p r n n rd n r b r r t, th r r n r n h pl nt nd th h h t pr p rt n th r r d ff r n b t n r nt f r p nt f l b n f t ll n . r p nd b t n r nt nd h pr n p l r n f r th th t n r n b p pl . h d ff r n v b r 4, r l t v l n f th r l rl r l t d t nd x d tr r n l rr v d n r b t n, d t n l l v , r d n r f fr f r r Y l v . r p tt rn, d r t n f t nd t f n l rr v d r f , l lf r ttl n n r . r t n f t n ft n th nl p bl r f n . r f p rt l r p rt n f r n r nt n th r n Afr n h v th h h t pr p rt n l b r r t. h n l rr v d pl d b l b r r t r , r nt , p ll r f , r n f r t pl t l n pl d nd nd r ph f dj t nt t th r n d t n. h n pt « nd r t nd n l f . In th ph , d t n» d h r ll t v n r b l rn n th r n t r t d r b rd n r d t n l l n nd r l t v l r t pr p rt t v t nd tr n n r nd r th n p rt p t n v r l b r r t d r t n f th b r M r t S rv . In r . r x pl , th f r h b th t p f n n d t n, th th t th pr p rt n f n n W t rn pr p rt n f n n W t rn r nt r nt n pl nt v r l . p rt p t n r t r th n W t rn v r, th pr p rt n n r r nt . r l t v l f t th f r t r ft r rr v l n r . On th th r h nd, th pr I r nt fr W t rn ntr h v p rt n f n n W t rn r nt r t r pr p rt n n rd n r pl r v n l b n f t v r h h b t nt th n n n W t rn r nt nd d l n r l t v l l ft r f r t r pr p rt n f ld nd d bl r d r t n f t n r . nt p n n r . h rd r p th nl r p f r nt th r t r Most foreign employees are from pr p rt n n rd n r pl nt th n Nordic countries r n b . At th t , th r In , t f th f r n pl r t r pr p rt n f d bl nt r d nt n r r fr n r ,
28
Immigrants in Norway h l b r r t
S d n, Gr t r t n nd t n. r tr nd p h l l pr bl . n r , p r n fr rd ntr rth r r , th r r n b d ff nd th r W t rn ntr r pr nt r nt l n t r , d r n t n, v r h lf f ll f r n pl . h r lt r l r f l t d rt n t p f pr p rt n f ll r nt t ll nl r ( . l n n , t th t j t b v 40 p r nt. I r nt fr th r h v b n d l d ff r n pl n S d n, nl nd nd th th rl nd pl nt d b th th r t n th r ( 60 p r nt h d th h h t l v l f tt pt t nt r t r f nt th pl nt p rt p t n. I r nt l b r r t. r p th th l t pl nt r t r fr n rz v n ( 4 p r Lowest employment participation nt , S l ( 4 p r nt , nd Ir ( among immigrants compared with p r nt . M t r nt fr th Norwegian-born in the age group thr ntr r f . All th 25-46 years t n t tr th t ll r nt E pl nt p rt p t n n fr th h rd W rld nd E t rn E r p r nt h h t f r th b t n h v l pl nt p rt p t n h l 2 nd 4 r , j t t f r th r ll r nt fr W t rn C ntr n b rn p rt f th p p l t n. In h v h h pl nt p rt p t n. r , 4 p r nt f ll r nt n th x pl , r nt fr Sr n , r p r n pl nt. h Ind nd th h l pp n r j t b t v l nt f r f r th nt r p p l n ll t v r n t n 2 p r nt. h p r nt b p r n , h r th fr USA, pl d n th r p l r C n d nd p n h v n pl nt th n n r n b rn th n ll r t th t b l th v r . r nt r p . I r nt fr E t rn E r p nd Afr h d th l t h r r r t d ff r n b t n pl nt r t th n th r p nd v d l r nt r p n t r f 2 4 r . h p p l t n f h th r nn t d t th l b r r nt n r n n ntr t d t r t. r x pl , th d ff r n n th r p 2 46 r , t r t r pl nt p rt p t n b t n Sr d r th n th r n b rn. A n n nd S l n 42 p r nt p r n th n th r p ld p nt n . W nn t xpl n tr n th n th pr n th t th r th nl b n th t th t r p l r pl nt p rt p t n n r d ff r ntl n t t t d n t r f x r nt th n n r n b rn. nd r th t th h v d ff r nt d r t n f t , d t n nd Employment increases with years n l d f r n. Oth r r n of residence in Norway ld b th t th h v d ff r nt lt r l h n b r f r f r d n n f t r , r th t r n pl r r pl v r p rt nt r l th r l t d ff r ntl t th t r nt r rd t h r nt r nn t d r p . In rv n th l v n t th l b r r t. G n r ll , th l v l nd t n f r nt n O l , j v f pl nt n r th th n nd n ( n l d th t p bl b r f r th r nt r d nt n f th r t d ff r n b t n r . h r r l r d ff r n r f r p b th t th b t n r nt nd r n b rn h v d ff r nt n n nt v , n t r f p r nt pl d f
29
h l b r r t Immigrants in Norway
t rt t th r nt th t h v b n r nt p rt p t n th l v n h r f r n r . r pl nt r th th t r h r nt th b t n v n nd t n r b n xp r n n n . f r d n n r th p r nt pl d 4 p r nt n , nl 8 Immigrants are typically employed p r nt l r th n f r th r n within cleaning work, oil drilling, b rn. In p r n, nl 2 p r nt f and hotel and restaurant services th th n t thr r f r d n E pl d r nt r r r pl d. n ntr t d th n p f f ld f tr d nd nd tr th n r n b rn. r v l , t d d n t t h l n On n n r ll th t n t f r r nt t tt n b t th pl fr th h rd W rld nd l v l f pl nt r E t rn E r p r v r r pr nt d n n . v r, ft r th l b r r t l b r nt n v nd tr h r n t t n b n t r n t rd th n ll d r r r ll pl d. nd f th 80 , r nt h v h d d n r h d tr b t n f nd r t r pr bl n f nd n r ( r tr , t pp r th t n n W t rn r n n pl d . h t t n h r nt n t t t r t pr p rt n b n p rt l rl d ff lt f r r nt f pl th n l n n r nd h t r ft r 8 . h h t l nd r t r nt rv . M n f t t n pp r t b h n n f r th th l pl fr th ntr b tt r, th t v n th n l rr v d r n t p ll f l d n t d n
r I r nt pl p r nt f ll pl S l t d nd tr (151C nd tr l d " rt r 1995
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Immigrants in Norway h l b r r t d tr . r x pl , th n h t l nd th , n t v t l r nd r t r nt rv , v r f fth l r t r d n pl nt h h r pl n r nt. W t rn n r nt , r rdl f r nt n th ntr r , r v r d t n l l v l. r pr nt d n nd tr t l r xt nt d nd n p l d nd h hl h d ff r n n n t v t d t d r f r . W t rn r nt b t n r nt r p nd b t n r v r r pr nt d th n th p tr r n b nd r nt , t l t r, nd b n rv . Oth r b n n th nt xt f v r l f t r . nd tr th r l t v l n A n th r th n , r nt h v r nt r th n f t r n v r pr bl f d pt t n d p n nd tr , lt r nd p rt , t h n nd d nt f r x pl n lt r l b r nd, h lth r nd l rv . l n ll , r n f r r t n nd l n t r . W ld l n Lower economic activity among d r d ff r n n r xp r n t immigrants irrespective of b f p rt n . M r v r, d r educational leve! n t n b pl r , n rt nt nd Alth h v r l r nt r h hl n d t nf r t n b t th d t d h n p r d th th r p t n f r nt ff t n b rn, t v d nt th t ll r r r t nt nt th r n n pr p rt n f th n pl nt. l f . E n t v t n r th r n d t n l l v l, b th f r r n rth r r , f r fr 2 nd t b nd f r r nt (f r 4. . All th t b th W t rn nd n n W t rn
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r nt th h h t n v r t nd ll nd O n , t b t th l v l d t n ( t l t M t r r l v l , f r r n . h v l r v r rn d n th n r n b th v l nt d Unemployment decreases with t n. A n p r n th d t n years of residence in Norway b l M t r l v l, W t rn r nt h l b r r t t t n t h v h h r rn d n th n r d ff lt f r r nt th t h v b n n b rn. In p r n, rn d n l v n n r f r h rt p r d f f h hl d t d n n W t rn t ( f. th l r n b r f n pl d r nt b t 20 p r nt l r fr n . In th t n f , th n f r h hl d t d r n r th n 0 p r nt f ll r nt b . f r n th f r t x r f r d n , r r t r d pl t l Large increase in unemployment n pl d. r th r d nt v n r v r r n th p r d 88 t r nd v r, n pl nt h lf , th r tr n r n r f f th l v . h n th t n pl r t r d n pl nt t th nt ff t n r n th l b r pl nt ff f r f r n b rn r t tr n t. A f r t , th p r n th n f r r n b . In l ff t r n , h th h h 4, th r l ht d r n n pl nt n th th t h d n pl nt n th r n t th b nn n f th 0 . d b h r t nt n d t r n r f r d n n r , th n r l r nt . v r, n , th r b n l t t n l pl n d r n th n pl nt p r nt p rt nt r l n th l v l f p r d th th pr v r, n pl nt. h th f r th n t r nt r p x pt th th t r t d t r n th fr E t rn E r p . M h f th 8 88. Un pl nt h l r r th n n pl nt n n th r p th n f r th h r nt d r n nd 4 l t r h n th n r l d t r l t v l tr n n r n th n pl nt l v l h h r. n b r f n pl d r f fr n rz v n nd f r r Many unemployed immigrants Y l v . have high education Un pl nt n r ll h h t Alth h th f r f p r n r t n p r n th l d t n l r d n pl d n p r nt f th l v l nd t d r th n r n r f r n t b d r n d t n l l v l. In , 8 p r nt f f r r nt fr th h rd W rld, th r t r d n pl d r nt h d r p t ll h f r t h h n ll r n v r t d t n, h l th pl nt r n b nd v l nt pr p rt n f r r n r nt fr th W t. Un pl nt b p r nt. h rd p rt l rl h h n Afr n n. r nt h v th l t pr p rt n f A n r nt n, n pl h hl d t d n th r t r d nt p rt l rl h h n th n pl d. I r nt fr W t rn fr A . Un pl nt n E r p x l d n rd ntr h v r nt fr rd ntr , th b t th pr p rt n f p r n r t f W t rn E r p , rth A r th h h r d t n r nt
32 Immigrants in Norway h l b r r t fr Afr nd t n A r . A n p r n r t r d pl t l n pl d, f nd th t h hl d t d n th fr rth A r nd O n .
Un pl nt l h h r n r nt th n r n b h n b t th d t d n r . r fr th pr j t « r d t n t pl nt» ( t v n nd n 6 h th t n pl nt n n n W t rn r nt th t h d pl t d h h r d t n n M n 4 l t t h h f r r n b rn nd W t rn r nt . h th t t f ff r h n p r d th l b r r t t t n f r th r p x nth l t r.
Immigrants in Norway In
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S n f r r , tr n f r p nt r d f n d l r t b n f t fr th t n l In 4, St t t r n In r n S h , rv p n n , t t t (t bl . h d d p bl l n , f l ( h ldr n ll n , n f r th nt r r d nt p p l t n d ll n r nt pp rt , h l r h p , t b OK ll n. l th p r nt t x d d t n , b nd f r t n r t n r nt h d f dd t n l nt nd l t n . th f l , h d OK 6 ll n r h t p rt nt tr n f r p nt 4. p r nt f th n t th r f r r nt f l r r p t v l d p l. r th r nt f l , l r t b n f t fr th t n l th r pr nt d n v r d p bl In r n S h ( OK 2 000 ll n n f OK 0 400. h v l nt nd l t n ( OK 242 l f r f r th r t f th p p l t n, l n . On v r , h r nt f l h r ft r r f rr d t r n f r v d v r tr n f r p nt f l , OK 200 r b t 2 p r OK 46 000. r n f l nt h h r. r v d n v r f OK 6 00 n tr n f r p nt th r. On f r n f l , n fr th r n h r n f l pl nt th t p rt nt r v r tr n f r p nt , l r r r f n f r r nt f l p nt n th f r f r t r nt, h l . In 4, r nt f l d bl nt nd rv p n n , b h d t t l n fr pl nt f th v r h h r n OK ll n. h n pt f r n th n n v r l l n l d n pl nt r nt r p . b n f t f OK 46 ll n. Av r n fr pl nt n In 4, r nt f l p d OK r nt f l OK 00 4 ll n n th f r f t x , r t p r d th OK 20 800 n r nd ntr b t n t n p l t , nt , n f l . v rn nt nd th t n l In r n S h . A ll l l t n h th t h r nt f l r v d t x nt , r t nd d t p bl tr n f r p nt f OK 8 ll n. th r t x d d tr n f r p nt
35
In Immigrants in Norway
bl 5 1 In nt f r f l r t- n r t n r nt nd th r t f th p p l t n t l nt 199 NOK M ll n
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+ r p rt n - 5 355 - - 9 + I p t d r nt f n r- p d d ll n 1 151 3 9 + Int r t r v d 11 5 9 11 1 + Oth r p t l n 7 5 19 - Int r t p d 39 39 1 395 3 Sh r f d f t f b ld n t 1 3 1 1 957
+ r n f r r v d 117 3 5 1 9 11 137 + S l r t b n f t 73 1 7 71 1 7 h r f t r nt b n f t 3 939 9 3 13 b l t b n f t 1 3 17 7 1 + S rv p n n 1 5 17 5 + Al n 3 1 1 9 + l ( h ldr n ll n 11 717 1 93 + ll n r nt pp rt 1 7 59 + S h l r h p 1 193 19 + r nt t x d d t n 1 9 13 1 + nd dd t n l nt 1 9 5 3 1 9 + S l t n 3 9 1
= t l f l n 5 5 5 5 3 - t l d t x 133 7 5 5 1 1 1 7 = p bl n 395 117 1 979 37 137
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r v d b b t OK 0 l n f r th r nd O n ( 80 00 h v p p l t n r p. l rl h h r v r d p bl n th n f l fr th r t f th rld. Immigrants from Western Europe have h h t n I r nt fr E t rn E r p h v A n r l v rv f th v r th l t n . In 4 f l d p bl n f f l b h d f fr th r n h d t d th n f l ntr f b r nd h v r d p bl n f OK l r d t n t n b t n d ff r nt 6 00. h l v r h t b n r nt r p (t bl .2 . t rpr n l , n th nt xt f th r f r t n f l fr W t rn E r p x l d n n th r 2 t 4 fr n r ( OK 0 200 nd rth A rz v n . I r nt t n n
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E pl nt n 19 9 3 9 5 193 11 1 + W nd l r 17 3 7 9 1 179 1 5 h r f n pl nt b n f t 5 5 7 3 + t ntr pr n r l n 1 17 9 1 5
+ r p rt n - 9 -1 - 9 -7 1 + I p t d r nt f n r- p d d ll n 1 7 1 9 1 7 9 Int r t r v d 3 5 1 7 7 1 1 1 Oth r p t l n 9 1 11 1 9 11 1 1 Int r t p d 1 3 17 9 7 1 9 5 Sh r f d f t f b ld n t 9 1 1 1 1 7
+ r n f r r v d 39 3 3 9 51 55 5 3 + S l r t b n f t 3 5 1 7 15 5 33 3 1 3 h r f r t r nt b n f t 11 9 9 5 1 1 d b l t b n f t 7 5 5 7 5 3 5 + S rv p n n 5 9 1 1 5 + Al n 1 3 1 3 1 1 1 1 7 + l ( h ldr n ll n 5 7 9 + ll n r nt pp rt 7 1 5 + S h l r h p 9 1 9 7 + r nt t x d d t n 1 1 3 1 + nd dd t n l nt 5 5 + S l t n 1 5 1 5 9 1 1 7
= t l f l n 33 3 73 7 1 5 5 5 3 157 3 - t l d t x 1 3 5 77 9 = p bl n 171 19 11 7 1 5 1 7 9
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l ntr h v v r l r t r d t t n r pl x. Av r n . d p bl n f r th r n h l OK 2 00 p r f l . r f l fr A , Afr , C ntr l h r r h v r r t d ff r n nd S th A r nd r (h r ft r b t n th v r ntr . r f rr d t th h rd W rld , th
In Immigrants in Norway
Wages and salaries are the most t r f h h t p f p nt r important sources of subsistence t n f nt. A n l t ll r nt n r , n fr pl nt th t h l r t tr n f r p nt t r p rt nt r f b t n . In r n nd r nt fr E r p , rth n f l , nd l r A r nd O n r l r t r pr nt n v r 0 p r nt f th b n f t fr th t n l In r n f l t t l n . r r nt S h . h p nt n l d n fr th r t f W t rn E r p , th r , r t r nt nd d bl nt nd l r (8 p r nt r f v n p n n , r h b l t t n ll n nd r t r p rt n f r th f n n l tr n t n l pp rt ll n f r n l t t n f th f l . It l htl r p r nt . t r nt p n n l rl pr n th t th t p f n p th l r t nt. r r p rt nt f r r nt fr th h rd n f l , p n n nd ll n W rld f r th fr rth A r fr th t n l In r n S h nd O n . r b th th r p , r pr nt d n v r 4 p r nt f nd l r p n v r t t l n p r d th 0 p r nt f 6 p r nt f t t l n , b t th f r f l fr th r n n rd f r r n f l . ntr , p r nt f r th r t f W t rn E r p nd p r nt f r rth Social security benefits from the A r nd O n . National Insurance Scheme most important for immigrants from ...whereas family allowances and Western Countries... social assistance are of greatest r tr n f r p nt r f r t importance for the remaining n f n f r th f l t t l n , immigrants p ll f r r nt fr E t rn All tr n f r p nt , x l d n l E r p nd th h rd W rld. th r p r t b n f t fr th t n l In r v b t th rd f th r n n r n S h nd rv p n n r t th f r f tr n f r p nt . A n l r r xt nt d t r nt fr r n f l , th r f E t rn E r p nd th h rd W rld th n n n t t t 22 p r nt f t t l f r r nt fr th r p rt f th n . I r nt fr rd rld. l ( h ldr n ll n nd ntr nd th r t f W t rn E r p p nt fr n p l l rv r v l t n th f r f tr n f r r f r t t n f n f r n . p nt . r th r p , tr n f r I r nt f l fr th h rd W rld p nt p r p t v l nd r v n v r f OK 800 n f l p r nt f th r n . It t b ll n r b t 6 p r nt f th r ph d th t th n pt "tr n f r t t l n . l ll n l p nt " v r d p tr f r l t v l p rt nt r f n f r p nt fr p r l r t f l fr E t rn E r p th n b n f t b lt p b th r p nt t v r p nt f OK 800. In p r l f n n l pp rt f r th l t p r n, r n f l r v n pr v l d. h l tt r n th f r f v r f OK 00 n f l ll n d ll n r nt pp rt nd l . h d ff r n r f r d t n . h r r r t d ff r n t th f t th t rt n r nt r p n d ff r nt r nt r p n h v r h ldr n th n r n .
8
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S l t n , b th n th f r f pr v d f r th r n b t n . On p r ntr b t n nd l n , v r t n th t n t ntl p n th p rt nt r f n f r rt n d b t b t r nt n r : r nt r p . r f l fr th «t h t xt nt d rt n r p h rd W rld, l t n d p b p r n ntl d p nd nt n l OK 8 00 r 2 p r nt f th f l t n r d t r nt t t l n . r d ll n t b lf ff nt?» Social assistance of less significance as duration of stay r . nd t th t th n f increases f l fr th h rd W rld h n h p t n f f l n th d r t n f t . r f l fr l h n v r t . A th r th h rd W rld th t r t d t l p , pl nt n r pl d r n th 0 , l t n b p n n . l ll n r pr nt d n v r 2 p r nt f nd n p pl xp r n n r n t t l n n 4. r r nt th t p t l n . r r nt t r n th 0 nd 80 , p rt l rl fr th h rd W rld, t th v l nt f r r nd p r t nt r t n t f r p nt f nt. t b l h lf f th f l th t l t n ll r pl th th t r n th 0 , r v d th r r f n . S l t n l t n n 4. A n f l p d t t th th t r n bl t th t ttl d h r n th 0 , l t n f rth f th r v d h f n n l pp rt n th r. It r 5 1 h pr p rt n f nd th r f r pp r th t n r nt l t n f v r t t l n f r f l r r d ll bl t n b f l fr th h rd W rld b r f th lv . v r, r l t v l l r r t n 199 r nt r p l pp r t b r r l d p nd nt n l t n . It f r t nd f r t n r nt th t h r r f th t f nd th t n r n l nt f l t n v r v r l r .
Reason and time for immigration — of great significance for income h r r n f t r nfl n n th n t t n f r nt f l . On f t r d r t n f t . v r, th r l r n t b l v th t r n f r r t n, th t t h th r n t r p r n n pl nt r r f , nd th t l t f r t n r f n
f r 197 197 -79 19 - 9 Aft r 19 9 d r bl p rt n . On ld th t r t n t r fr th nd f • W nd l r S d l t n th 60 nt l t d h v lv d fr
39 In Immigrants in Norway
b n n p rt f l b r t r f r t n. I r nt th t t r n th 0 r tl p r n n r h f pl nt. h f nd ntr th pr t ll n n pl nt. M n j b r v nt nd t r l t v l t f nd p d pl nt. h t t n h v r pl t l d ff r nt f r r nt h t th nd f th 80 nd th rl 0 . Ab t h lf f th r nt th t n th 0 r r f . M t r f h v fr E t rn E r p , A nd Afr . h h v xp r n d d ff lt l b r r t th p t t n fr r n f r t j b . Ev n r nt th h h r d t n fr th r h ntr h v b n n bl t f nd j b . W th t r th r n bl t rn l r t r ht . C n ntl , v n ft r v r l r n r , v r l r nt f l t ll r n d p n d nt n l t n .
40
Immigrants in Norway v n nd t n
Sv n l nd A n A ll d nd v n nd t n
Ab t th rv « v n nd - h pl dr n th b t t n n r nt 199 » n p pl fr h r p, h l th r p r f v r d ff r nt z n In th pr n f 6, pl f n n r l t (fr 0 00 f t n W t rn r nt d 6 0 r b r nd t 2 00 f S l n th d r t n f t f t l t t b r nd d 6 0 r . h r , r nt rv d b t d t n, h th f r r ht d h n pl nt, f n n l t t n, h n , pr nt j nt r lt f r th pl , h l nt t , h lth, d r n t n, th t th l r t r p h v tr n r t v t , t . I r nt r d f n d nfl n n th f r th n th ll p r n th t f r n b rn p r nt . r p .
r th rv « v n nd t n n d p r r nt r nt 6», th pl dr n th r n ? n h t b r pr nt t v f lt f r r nt r p r d ht r nt r p n r . It th r lt f r r n b d n th n l d p r n th b r nd fr S rv n v n C nd t n nd f r r Y l v ( x l d n n th r pl rv th t r r rz v n , ff r , Ir n, t n, pr nt t v f r th ntr ( n tn , Sr n , S l nd Ch l , th r , th n C nd t n n p p p l t n f l t 48 000 S rv nd St t t r n b p r n d 6 0 r . rv , rt r 6 . r , r n r d f n d p r n th t l t Alt th r 2 6 p r n r nt rv n r n b p r nt. S n th r d, t f th n th r n th r r r l t v l n r p r n , r n t n . n r p n .2 p r nt, nd tr p l t n r d nt n th r t t n p r n fr r r nt th n n th r n nd t n (46 nd 8 p r nt, pl , th v l r ht d f r th r p t v l . h v r n n r p n r p f r n b f r t p r nt h h r th n n St t t p r n . h h t th t r r rt rl n b rv n «v l ht d» n th t xt r f r t . In 6. th n d ff r n b t n
4 v n nd t n Immigrants in Norway
r n nd r nt nn t n p t n . O r pl f r nt l fr d ff r n th r p t t , x r p rt r tr n n th r n nv nd pl f r d n . ff r n r n nt th n r n th b t n th r nt r p , v l nt pr f l f , x nd pl h v r, b d b d ff r n l n f r d n . th l n f th thr d n n . Al t x t f t n pl dl More strains in the working envi- r nt r p rt th t th r r nv lv ronment n r p t d nd n d d v nt Alth h b n pl d ntr l (f r 6. . On t f t r nt l t v n t th r t nt n pr bl f b nd n , t t n f l lf r , p d pl nt l r th r r n p t n th t r nv lv tr n nd d dv nt . Oth r tr . h rr p nd n fl r f r t t t h th t r nt fr n n r n r f r t f t n n b th W t rn ntr ll r th n . h pr p rt n r p rt n d l pl nt f ld h l n n , h t l l ft n f v r 20 nd xp r t nd r t r nt rv (St t t r n f rth r r 0 p r nt h h r b: t bl . r , th r n r nt th n n r t l nt f n l nd r t n r n ( b t v r 2 p r r n t r f l pl nt nt . Wh r nl 2 p r nt f pl d r n n d r r bl t n t b l ttl v r d, th pr r 1 Str n n th r n nv r n- p rt n l t f r t h h nt f r r n nd r nt fr ht n n-W t rn ntr r p rt n n r nt pl . h pr h r r n l d r nt p rt n th t n d r th r r t b p h l ll tr f l t xt nt r t r t xt nt, nd 8 p r nt r n n r nt nd r n , r p t v l .
More live in flats n xp nd t r ll r pr nt th l r t n l nv t nt n th I r nt h h ld. h t nd rd f th d ll n , z nd l t n t th r f r b n 1 3 5 d r d b n l l nn t d t th r nt h h ld n nd p t l. S x t f t n r nt l v n bl f fl t . • p t d/ n d d v nt In p r n, nl thr t f t n E nt/ t t d r n p t n r n th th , x nd El l l tt n f v r r d nt l d tr b t n r nt , U ll xp d t n l v G t d rt th l p nt t n bl f fl t . Onl j t v r n t f t n r nt l v n d t h d h , h l th ppl t l t f r S r v n nd t n n r nt 199 nd 1995 S rv f l v n nd t n t f t n r n (v l ht d . E pl d d f n d h r n th b f nt rv nf r t n b t pl nt, x l d n p r n nd r tr n n f r l f t n p r rt r 6.
Immigrants in Norway v n nd t n
h r r n r t v r t n b t n Wh n d b t h th r nt r th r th d ff r nt r nt r p , h v r, th n n th r h n , h lf f th t n h v th h h t pr p rt n r nt r p nd d th t th h d l v n n bl f fl t . hr t f f r t b b t h d pr bl bt n n t n l v n bl f fl t . O t f l n. h t l r n v n f r th ht r nt r p , t n r nt n n r n th t th r th n th th l r t pr p rt n pl f r d n t p r r . l v n n O l . Housing standard is not Wh n d b t h t t p f d ll n particularly lower... r nt nd r n pt f r f h 8 S rv f v n C nd t n th h d th h , x t f t n nd t d th t f r n t z n t nd d t r nt r p nd d th t th ld l v n p r r h n th n r n . pr f r t l v n d t h d h . h At th t t l t v r f fth r nd pr p rt n b t th n t n l v d n h n th t r n . Onl j t b l n t f b thr r WC. In p r n, th f v r n nd r nt , ld nl ppl d t 6 p r nt f r n h bl f fl t f th h d n (Stør n 8 . h t t n h h n nl t d h . d r d ll d r n th l t r . d , l t v r b d ( p r nt f More immigrants rent their r nt ll r n h housing h n th b thr nd WC. h r n th p r d f r th f th pr p rt n th h n th r lf r t t , h n p l t r nd ntr l h t n f x d l tr d v l p d h r ll d «th r n h t r l th n d l». C ntr r t th r rth E r r nt nd r n . h pr p rt n p n ntr , th d l r d t th t h n f t l t 6 2 r t rr b th t v r b d h ld n h r h r tt n t r h v r j t l ttl b t n r d n ( n n . S v n t l r n r nt ( p r nt f t n r n b l n t h h ld p nt . Alt th r, th h n f th t n t r d n , th r n r r nt t d n t f p rt l rl p nt (f v t f t n r thr h p r r b t nd rd th n th t f h n p r t v (t t f t n r n . h pr n p l r n f r th (v l ht d . S l r f r n th t n f th p r t h n h v r nt r f r l . t f t n b n d l h d r pr v d thr h l v n n r p d r d n , h l t r n v t n. thr t f t n l v n h n p r t v r d n . M r th n thr t f ...however more live in dose t n r nt l v n r d n th t r quarters r nt d th t pr , v r r v r thr t f t n r nt th n t t f t n r n . n d r th r h n t b t ll n v r f th h d th «fr h », z . h v h r d b 2 p r nt f n n t f t n r nt nd th r n p p l t n (v l r n ld pr f r t n th r ht d . A rd n t n bj t v h n , th r n r p nt r d f n t n, p r n l v n l rt r p rt n r n h n p r t v . f h r h ( l v l n nd h n r r (b b l n t h h ld f
4 v n nd t n Immigrants in Norway
r th n n p r n, th l th n n n t n th , p rt l rl h h r p r p r n. K t h n, b thr , n r nt fr Ir n (f v t f ntr n h ll r r ll r th n 6 2, t n nd S l ( x t f t n . In b th r n t n d r d l v n rt r . r p , th r h h pr p rt n r nt n A rd n t th d f n t n, p r nt f th r h n . Onl n t f t n r nt l v n l rt r . h t n nd tn r p rt ppl t nl p r nt f th r d r n t n n th h n r t. n p p l t n. h t th t th r r f r r nt h bj t v l h f r r b t nt ll l r th n n d r th r h n t b t ll v l nt f r fr A O ( h th n h t nd t d b th bj t v b r Un n r h In t t t rv t nd rd, h r th t t n th n l v n nd t n n r f n pp t n r n . O l . h A O rv f nd th t l t h lf f th nt rv d n d r d Discrimination against one out of d r n t n n th h n r t five in the housing market (« r n n r pr f r t r nt t On t f f v r nt l t h v r n » , ld xpl n h xp r n d t t , r f l t r nt r f l v n p r r h n th n r b h n b f th r r n ( j v nd n . r nt b r nd (f r 6.2 . M t f th p r n (thr f rth r One out of seven pestered at the b l t l r f th . h pr p rt n workplace th t b l v th h v b n d r n t d W l d t n b t p t r n t th r pl . Alt th r n t f v n ( 4 p r nt f th n pl r r p rt n th t h b n r f d r nt n r b n h n b f nt r p rt d th t d r n th l t r, r nt b r nd b ntr f b r nd r nt r 3 r p rt n pl d th t h v xp r n d p t r n t r d r n th p t r b f th r r nt t l b r nd b ntr f b r nd Y l v r nt
r t l Ir n Y l v t n r tn Ir n Sr n t n S l tn Ch l Sr n
S l r nt Ch l Y b l t l r 5 1 15 5 111 Y h p n r nt
S r v n nd t n n r nt 199 S r v n nd t n n r nt 199
44 Immigrants in Norway v n nd t n th h d xp r n d p t r n t r One out of fourteen exposed to r n nn t n th th r r , b violence or threats f th r r nt b r nd (f r r n t n f r nt l b 6. .2 pl fr Ir n r p rt p rt l rl n th f r f ph l tt . Alt th r b t th t t n. n t f 4 ( p r nt f r r nt r p rt th t h h h b n E pl d p r n fr Sr n nd xp d t v l n r r thr t Ch l h v th f t p r n (8 p r nt d r n th p t r (f r 6.4 . h r p rt n h xp r n . r n, pr p rt n r t t n Ir n n (20 th A O rv f r r f r h h r p r nt , S l n ( p r nt nd th n r . Al t v r th rd r f Ch l n ( p r nt . r d th t « r nt r tr t d r th n r n t r pl », On th ntr r , p r nt ( r l p r nd f rth r 40 p r nt p rtl r d n fr tn nd Sr n r p rt th th . It pr b bl r t r h v nt . A n r n f th h n r l t t nt th t d ppr x t l th , x nd n t n r l ff t n lf th n t r d n tr t r th r nt , p r n ll r p rt p t r n t r . h lt th r 8 p r nt th h v b n d ff r n th th A O rv n xp d t v l n r r thr t n th r h r n r n th t n f d r n th p t r. On v r , th d r n t n n th h n r t, b n th t th r r n t r ttr b t d t th f t th t th A O r nt th n r n r p rt n rv d n n O l . th t th h v b n xp d t v l n r thr t . r r p rt n th t h b n xp d t v t n r r thr t Immigrants with more resources d r n th p t r b ntr f b r nd r nt do not experience more discrimination r n It l nt r t n t x n h th r l r nt th ff t p nt d t n th A O rv ld l b pr v d n r . h t Y l v «th t nd n t f l d r n t d r n t r t t n th th Ir n d n l d f th r n t n l n nd h h d t n» ( j v nd n . h nt rpr t d tn xpr n th t «r r f l p r n r Sr n t r t r xt nt th n th r r f S l th l h n ff t n th . Ch l W nn t f nd th n r d t . Exp r n f d r n t n n th 5 1 15 h n r t, t th r pl r n r nt th p bl h lth rv , r xp r t S r l v n nd t n n r nt 199 nd v l n r thr t , r n t n f ntl 1995 S rv f l v n nd t n All p r n th t r p nd d t th t n r n l d d ll p r n nd r tr n n f r l f t n. A r lt, th pr p rt n r p rt n d r n t n t th r pl l htl h h r th n f p r n nd r tr n n f r l f t n h d b n x l d d.
5
v n nd t n Immigrants in Norway
r l t d t p r n d t n l l v l r r nt r ft n th r r pr f n n th r n l n . l n l th n r n th t th In t d t pp r th t th h r th r p r nt nd bl n n th r h l t pr v l d n t r f h n nd ntr h l ft n l v l n ph l r nv r n nt, t ft n n r . r x pl , r th n n r p rt d r n t n r p t v l n th f rth f Ir n n nd S l n l v h n r t nd t th r pl . l n . W th r rd t v l n nd thr t , th n t ( 6 24 r t ft n r p rt Lower organisational participation th xp r n . h ht r nt r p r t ll r d r th n r n , Six out of ten have a good Norwe- b r f r n t n . Wh r f r gian friend n t n 4 p r nt f pl d v n r n fr nd xpr r n r b r f tr d nt t th th r n t . A n n (v l ht d , th ppl t l f r n fr nd n l 6 p r nt f pl d r nt . h x l n r l t n. In th A O rv , pr p rt n th t b r f thl t v r f rth r f d th h d t n nd t n 20 p r r n fr nd. In r rv , x t nt p nt l r n r nt f t n r nt r p nd th t th h v th n n r n . h r d r n fr nd. h r t t h v r n r h r th pr p rt n pr p rt n n p r n th f r n t n l b r r t r b r nd fr f r r Y l v n r nt th n n ( ht t f t n nd l t n r n : th r l r n t n . p r n fr tn nd S l Wh r nl 6 p r nt f r n ( b t f r t f t n . rth r r , t th r b r f r l t f nd b r nd f t r th t r n t n, th ppl t 26 p r nt f l rl r l t d t h n f h v n r nt . It l r th t r n d r n fr nd: l n ll . n r ll t nt n n b r h p h l d r t n , h v r, r n th Ch r h f r . b th : r f n n th r n l n t r t t bl h nd All th th r p n t nt n fr nd h p th r n t nd t th t r nt th t r th t th fr nd h p t lf b r f n r n t n r ft n j t t r t b b tt r t th t v r n . A r t r pr l n . p rt n n th r nt r p rt th t th r «v r t v » b r th n More lonely persons n r n , n t r f thl t h pr p rt n f l n l p r n ll th l b t n , th l b nd r t r n r nt th n r d nt t n . h x pt n n r n . M r th n f r t h r th b r f r l r n f t n r nt th t th ft n r t n . On th rd f r n t f l l n l , h l b r l t b r f h r n t n n d r t f t n r n r f th th lv «v r t v » b r p n n. h pr p rt n f l n l p r n h l nl l htl r th n n t f r th n 0 p r nt n Ir n n t n r nt d . nd S l n . On f th r n h
46 Immigrants in Norway v n nd t n
M r r nt l br r I r nt p rt p t l ft n th n r n n h t n d r n r l l r t v t . r x pl , t l t ht t f t n r n r p rt d th t th h d n f r l r n n n th d , f ld r n th nt n d r n th p t t lv nth . h nl ppl t l htl r th n h lf f th r nt . , f r r nt h v b n t r t r nt r f& n , d n r d th , r b n x r n r d n p rt n t v t . On th th r h nd th r r r r nt th n r n th t th th l br r ( x v r f r t f t n, r p t v l r h v b n t r l t n d r n th p t r. A l r t nd n f nd n 8 (Stør n 8 . h l br r ft n h v n p p r nd l t r t r n th th r t n f th r nt . h f t th t th l br r rv fr h ld n t b nd r t t d. , th r r t r pr p rt n f r nt h ldr n th t v t th l br r r p rt p t n r l t v t f r h ldr n th n h ldr n f n n r nt .
4
Immigrants in Norway Cr . Cr
An « d» p r n n d r d b In r t t t , th n f r th pr t n th r t b n lt r t r d d p r n r nd ft r p l nv t t n f th ff n . n l l t n nv lv n r l t v f r , h b dr pp d th t n t nh b t nt f r nd b v r t t n r n l pr d n b th n l d d. d n t n d r d t b r n ll l bl r f r th r r n p f d b More immigrants accused l . h l b d d d b th O t f 68 200 p r n d f r n r d pt n f n , . . f n th r ff n n , 00 r . n nt n . In h r r n l p r nt b l n d t th r nt p p pr d n r n t t t d, th d l t n. In pr p rt n t th p p l t n b b tt d b th rt. An th nd f , th n t t t 24 d p r n th t h nd r d p r 000 r nt n th ntr . h r v r l t d r n th r, In p r n, th pr p rt n t f r nt d d nl n , n 6 d p r 000 f th r nn t n th th t r ff n . n p p l t n. In th t t l p p l t n, r nt r th r t fr 6. t h d t b d n th d f n t n « 6. p r 000, th nfl n f r nt p p l t n» ( n r ll f r t r nt n r l t n l bl . n r t n r nt th t r n b r nd . A pl f t n, th W th r l t n t th p p l t n, th r rd r nt d t r f r t ll r l t v l t d r nt p r n f th r nt p p l t n n th b r nd fr th h rd W rld, th h pt r. d p r 000 r d nt . E t rn E r p n xt th 26 d p r A d p r n th t r n d r d b 000, rd ntr th p r th p l f r n t z n b t r 000, . l htl l r th n n th t t l h v r n t r t r d r d nt f p p l t n nd th r t f W t rn r , r r f rr d t « nr t r d E r p th p r 000. A n th f r n r » n th h pt r. r l t v l f r nt fr rth h h pt r b d n l nd ( . h nf r t n pd t d. Adj t nt nd pr v nt r d n b Kår nd n. 4
Cr Immigrants in Norway
bl 7 1 A d b ntr f b - High proportion of males among r n t r n b r nd ppl t th immigrants could explain higher r nt p p l t n r nt b r f crime d p r 1 1995 l r pr nt d v r ll n r r p r- r t n th t t l n b r f d t l t n 1 p r n nd d r nt . Al t t th rd f ll d p r n n h h l r l d r . h p p l t n 17 v d ntl f r t n f n f r r r 3 1 n r nt f th p p l t n r n ntr 5 1 1 r p h n nf r t n th t n r ll d ff r nt fr th r t f th rd ntr 19 1 15 p p l t n. W t rn E r p 3 3 11 E t rn E r p 13 1 rth A r nd At th t rn f th r 6, th r O n 1 7 rpl f n n th r nt h h rd W rld 3 3 3 5 33 p p l t n, n th r p 0 r . In th t t l p p l t n h v r, th r rpl f n n ll r p p A r nd O n , nl t f 000 t r . n rr d h r n r n . h rpl f l n th xp d The age configuration among r p h v r nl p rtl xpl n th immigrants explains a conside- h h r fr n f d p r n rable part of these figures n r nt . Wh n n d r Cr n l t v t v r th . Y th l nd f l p r t l f nd nd n d lt v l t l r ft n h h r fr n f r b th x n ll th n h ldr n nd ld r p pl . Ev r r p n th r nt p p l t n. f fth d p r n n b l n d t th r p r nd l t h h h r fr n n tl b thr f rth r n th r p tr d t d p r n fr n n r . h f t th t th r r W t rn ntr . rd r nt r r l t v l f r ld r p r n n th j ntl n d r d t h v b t th r nt p p l t n h ld xpl n l v l f r th t t l p p l t n. r f th h h fr n f r th r W t rn r nt , th r r t n r nt . f r b th x n t r p n d r bl l r th n f r th t t l A d p r n d 20 r pr nt p p l t n. v r h lf f ll p r n d. p r nt f th r nt p p l t n b l n Higher crime could be explained d t th r p v r nl 0 p r nt by the fact that more immigrants n th t t l p p l t n. If th n reside in urban areas f r t n f th r nt p p l t n In dd t n t th x nd nf h d b n th f r th t t l r t n f p p l t n, th r d n p p l t n, th pr p rt n f d p tt rn l f n f n f r th p r On ld b 22 nd n t 24 p r p f r . M r r r t r d 000. n tr p l t n r th n n r r l r
5
Immigrants in Norway Cr
nd r t r d r n r th th Unregistered immigrants d r f rb n t n. h r f r , th Cr t t t nd t d th t n h h r fr n f r t r d r n r n n b r f f r n t z n r n r nt h t b n n th f nd lt f r n r . In 8, l ht f th f t th t r nt , r h n t t t pr v d d nf r t n ft n th n th r t f th p p l t n, l v b t t z n h p f r th f r t t , l n d n l p p l t d r . p r nt f th n p r nt f lt r n l r ff n r p rt d n r t r nt . n r l t r, th pr p r t d n th f r l r t t : O l , r t n h d n r d t 4 p r nt nd ft r n, r ndh nd St v n r. In p f rth r v n r n , t r n, 22 p r nt f th p p l t n l v d p r nt. n th t h r th ppl d t 4 p r nt f th r nt p p l t n h n r t b n n th l ht f th f t th t th pr p rt n f f r n Accused immigrants less often t z n n th p p l t n d bl d n prosecuted than other accused th t p r d fr 2 t 4 p r nt. persons h n b r f l r t n n In , f nd th t f d r n r d fr f p r n t r nt r n l d d t th l htl r th n 4 000 rl n . pr t n l v , . . th t rt tr l, rth r r , th r n d r bl l htl r ft n th n d p r n n r f t r t v t r , p ll t n t t l. r ll ff n n d r d th nd f th p r d. h l , th pr p rt n f p nd d n nd t nt 8 p r nt f r d St t t l nf r t n b t pl t d r nt nd 48 p r nt f r d nv t t n f r n l ff n f r p r n n t t l. nt n d l t 2 800 d p r n th t r f r n t z n A pt d f n r th r lt f rd n t p l nf r t n. h p r nt f th h r n t p r n r h v r n t r t r d r nt nd p r nt f d p r n r d nt n r . n t t l. h r n n , 2 p r nt f th h r n t r nt nd p r nt f t t l h r r dr pp d. bl 7 A d nr t r d f r n r W f nd th t nd n f l t th b t z n h p nf r t n t rt n t p f ff n . C t z n h p t l r nt
W n x n t f th h r nt l t l 7 1 th r n l d d b rt tr l. C rt tr l f r nt r lt r ft n n rd ntr 1 3 37 tt l th n f r d p r n n W t rn E r p 5 1 t t l, r p t v l nd p r nt f th E t rn E r p 9 1 3 . rth A r nd O n 39 1 h h rd W rld 1 r n ntr n p f d 1
St rl l (199 h d n r d t l d n l f th t t t l nf r t n f p r n f nd lt f r n 199
51
Cr Immigrants in Norway
Al t n th rd f th nr t r d f r n r h r d f r n r r d tr ff ff n , n t pr b bl th t th p rtl t d th t r t . r t r l pr b bl p rt f th n xth th t v l t d th t l , h r th h r d f r v l t n th r t n t nd th dr t, r p t v l nd p r nt, r n t l t r t . h l t th rd nl d f th ft nd th r r tt d f r p r n l n. Unr t r d f r n r r ld h r d f r v l n r x l ff n , nd f , f r l r v ff n .
2
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K rl E r Kv l rt p t n n l t n nd v t n
h r r n t xp t f r n t z n h th d d n t v t f th v h t h v p l t l p tt rn f t n th t r p n , ll th r d ff r nt fr th t f r n . t n . Ab t h lf f th pl M t f r n t z n r p n t dr n r p nd d t th t nn r n th p l t l lt r v r d ff r nt nn t n th h l t n. fr h t l n r . h n th t d r t n f t nd n t n l t , In th l t n, f r th f r t t b p rt nt b r nd f t r r n t z n th f r n nfl n n th r p tt rn f p l t l b r nd r n l d d n th pl t n. W ld l t x n th dr n. Q t nn r r n t nt t d ff r n b t n n t n l t nd th p r n . v r h d x p rt l r n t r f l t n h th r th v t d r n t nd t rn t nd p rt v t n . On t n f rth r r , r bl t r th t l x n d n th rt l d r ph nf r t n. h th r f r n t z n h th r r n f r p l t l t v t th n th El t n t rn t tr d t n l l t n h nn l. h r d l n n l t n t rn t f f r n t z n b t n 8 nd 8 . All f r n t z n th n f It h r n d f rl t bl n th n. thr r r d n n r h v th h r tr n d r n p rt p r ht t p rt p t n l l l t n . h t n nt r t f ll l t r b t n 8 t f r t pr t d n 8 . St r nd . th th t n th l t t n th th l t n nd v r l t n thr l t n , f r n t z n nd n th n, St t t r dr r n h v t l r xt nt t d pl f p r n th t h v b n r t d ff r ntl . r d th r rd t h th r th v t d r n t. At th t , r t r W n h v h h r l t n nf r t n t r t rn t th n n d r ph d t f r th pl . r El t n t rn t n f r n t z n th l t n f 8 , St t t r n th l t n f 8 , nd nt th l t d p r n t nn r 40 p r nt. h r tr n r b t h h p rt th v t d f r, nd p rt p t n f n th n n n
rt p t n n t n nd v t n Immigrants in Norway
bl 1 El t n t rn t b x nd t z n h p 19 3 19 7 1991 nd 1995
19 3 19 7 1991 1995
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All 9 3 3 3 39 3 35 39
n r 57 5 5 5 9 53 53 7 55 37 nl nd 57 31 7 5 37 51 3 3 9 3 39 I l nd 5 1 5 S d n 5 5 5 1 5 53 3 5 3 r n 7 39 3 3 3 7 3 3 37 9 1 It l 35 1 • 33 3 Y l v 33 31 3 9 5 7 17 19 th rl nd 3 5 5 5 1 9 55 53 5 5 l nd 7 3 37 33 37 3 1 rt l 3 31 Sp n 3 3 7 Un t d K n d 5 9 31 37 3 31 3 9 37 S tz rl nd 5 53 51 57 5 1 • 59 r 9 3 39 1 3 1 3 1 39 3 39 G r n 5 55 5 53 9 51 5 9 A tr • 33 • 5 Eth p 1 1 19 5 1 19 19 G b 7 9 9 35 Gh n 5 5 5 M r 37 1 31 9 1 3 7 r 35 9 S l 9 9 3 31 Sr n • 7 3 1 37 39 h l pp n 3 31 35 3 3 9 9 31 3 Ind 5 59 57 31 3 3 9 7 37 37 37 Ir • 31 3 33 3 Ir n 35 3 31 33 3 3 p n 1 • • 35 Ch n 7 5 3 1 1 b n n 1 19 t n 5 5 1 3 7 h l nd 3 31 35 3 9 • 9 tn 9 7 31 5 1 5 C n d 9 3 39 31 7 USA 37 31 3 3 39 3 Ch l 57 55 5 53 39 5 3 1 1 3 35 A tr l 31 39 3 3
Onl ntr th t l t 5 p r n n th pl r p f d n th t bl f r th r 19 3 r th th r r th ll nt n f r nl f th p r nt b t l t 5 p r n W t G r n b f r 1991
th l t n , th d ff r n f 8 p rt p t n n n n 8 nd p r nt. r n th p r d th r l ht pr d n n n n n d l n n th l t n t rn t f ll . l t r fr 0. t 62.8 p r nt. h r l ttl d ff r n b t n th x , h r r r t v r t n n l t n v r n b t n l ht pr d n n n t rn t b t n th n t n l t r p
5
Immigrants in Norway rt p t n n l t n nd v t n
nd th x (t bl 8. . v r, th f r b th t th thr th r nd p n n f t r f th f r n th l t d nt nd rl n v r bl , r tl r t b l t . h p rt l rl tr r p n bl f r r t n th n f nt f r th l t thr l t n n h h d ff r n n l t n t rn t b t n h v d ff r n b t n th x nd W t rn nd n n W t rn f r n n l t n t nt l t n t rn t. t z n .
h d ff r n n l t n t rn t Norwegian citizens with foreign b t n th x nl d t th background have higher f t th t W t rn n h v b t 0 participation p r nt h h r l t n t rn t th n th El t n t rn t n th h h v thr th r r p (W t rn n nd b r n t z n p r nt n n W t rn n nd n . h h r th n n f r n t z n (t bl 8.2 . h d ff r n l htl r t r f r Nationality differences result from n th n f r n. Y t t t underlying conditions r r bl th t t f th d ff r n r n t z n th W t rn b b t n th x n l t n t rn t, r nd h v n l t n t rn t th t t ll r n v n h n th b b t p r nt h h r th n th t f n n r n t z n ( h n n d r ll W t rn f r n t z n . W l n th n t n l t r p h l . th t th th W t rn b r nd h v l n r d r t n f t , r ft n G n r ll , r n t z n th rr d nd th t th pr p rt n f f f r n b r nd, h v n l t n l h h r n W t rn f r n t rn t th t r l r t th t f t z n n r l t n t th n n W t rn. n t v r n . v r, th t bl h t n h th r n t n l t — nd t th t th d p nd n n t n l t . d t n h d b W t rn n n W t rn — On v r , r t h p r n h h v p r t n nd p nd nt f t r b r n t z n h v 0 p r ntr b t n t d r p rt p t n. nt h h r p rt p t n n l t n th n C ld t r th r b th t th ntr b t n f th th t r n t. r Ch l n , th r n t n l t r t d b th r nd rl n h rdl n d ff r n h th r th h n f t r ? h h b n x n d thr h t z n h p r n t. h r r l r t n n l n h .h n t n l t , d r t n v r t n b t n th n t n l t n f t , x nd v l t t r br ht n t r f x d ff r n . r h , th r f t r t xpl n l t n t rn t. In n d ff r n b t n th x , th , th ff t f n t n l t n b h r h n n t z n h p p rt t d d h l x n n th th r nd l rl t p th l f r th r t h, n h p nd nt v r bl . h r lt f th n t r r bl d ff r n l nd t th t th nn t n b t n n nd n, 4 p r nt. In b t n th d t n t n W t rn nd n n th r rd , n t n l t v r W t rn f r n t z n nd l t n p rt nt f t r n th nt xt f r t rn t r th n h lv d h n p r n h h v b r n h d r t n f t , x nd v l t t z n . t . M r v r, th r l t n b t n n t n l t nd l t n t rn t n l n r n f nt, th r t th l v l f r p r nt. h n l n t th r
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bl El t n t rn t n r n t z n th r nt b r nd n f r n t z n nd th d ff r n b t n f r n t z n nd r n t z n th r nt b r nd 1995
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r t n f t f t p rt t z n , d r t n f t d n t h v n f r r n t z n th h n ff t n l t n t rn t. h f r n b r nd d ff r n v r l t, d p nd nt n th h r d t n t r l t n b t n d r t n f t f th l t r (t bl d r t n f t nd l t n t rn t 8. . W f nd th r t t d ff r n n p r n h h v b r n th h h v t d l n t n n t z n . In p r n, f nd th t r ( p r nt p nt . n th th t r t ll f r n
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Immigrants in Norway rt p t n in election and voting
h r r t v r t n n l t n t rn v t n r ht n f r n t z n . h t b d r t n f t , pr nt nd n xt t p rt nt r r th r pr v t z n h p. r n t z n r n d nd f l r fr nd . th W t rn b r nd t rt th h n p l t Off f r I r nt h h h r l v l f p rt p t n th n r th r f ff r l t p rt nt W t rn f r n t z n (4 p r nt . h r . In t r f r f nf r t n h h h t l t n t rn t h v d b t v t n , th d ff r n b t n th b r n t z n th n n W x r n n f nt. t rn b r nd nd th v r 26 r f t ( p r nt . h r p l h Direct political activity th r t t d ff r n b t n h h t d nfl n n p l t b n th nd l t p rt p t n (28 p r nt v t n l p, th r r th r p b l t f p nt . x r n nfl n , f r x pl b nt t n p l t n nd v rn nt Most important reason for not d n tr t n, n n pp l nd voting: «Did not know what the t n p rt n d n tr t n . h parties stood for» f r f t v t ft n t fr In , th t t p rt nt r n p rt l r l. f r n t t n v t th r th t n d d n t h v th h n t v t r d d Direct political activity appears to n t n h t th p rt t d f r. be quite similar for Norwegians h r t ll th t n r n h and foreigners p pl d n t v t . S l r t , th h r r t r t d ff r n b t n lt rn t v «I n r ll n t nt r d ff r nt t p f t v t n h h t d n p l t » v n th th rd t f r n t z n h v p rt p t d. p rt nt r n f r n n p rt p t n. Wh r 26 p r nt n d n pp l, h r p n v l ttl r n t l nl 0 p r nt br ht p n n th t p l t l n h t h nd r th r p l t l p rt r tr d n n (f r f r n t z n fr t n th r v t . 8. .2 It tr th t p pl r p nd th t th r n r ll n t nt r t d n In r l t n t r n , th t n p l t ( p r nt . On th th r h nd th t d t n h t lf th v r n h v r, th r v r l pr p rt n r p n f r t nd f r t t th t r p nd d th t th r v t h th r n nt t d l l p l t n . n n f nt, b th d n t tr t r th r n n t n , t th p rt r b th r n t nt r r r bl th t t v t pp r t b t d n l l p l t . v r l r. In f r t f f v f r f p l t l t v t , f r n t z n h t l v n b l t l th t p rt p t fr ntl r n p rt nt r f nf r t n n t z n n p t f n l t n t rn t
h t n d r f r t h th r n tr d t nfl n n n th l l n l d r n th p t f r r r th l t n ( h f d n tr t v b d f nt , b :« n n n pp l, r pr t t p n?», «t n p rt n pr t t», pr t t t n , d n tr t n?», «r n f r d n n th p l t l p rt , tr d n n r th r r n t n?», « n t n d r tl th th n p l r nt d n tr t n?», «C nt t n l l p l t n ?». 2 h t n r l d n th «S rv f l l l t n », th r b pr v d n n pp rt n t t d r t p r n b t n th nt r l t r t nd f r n t z n n t r f h t r f r t d r t t v t .
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5 I r nt n r rt p t n n l t n nd v t n th t l r b 20 p r nt p nt . p l t l t v t n b n d r d t b t rpr n l , p r n h p rt p n lt rn t v r th r th n ppl nt t d n th l t n h v r t r t p rt p t n n l t n . t nd n f b n r p l t ll t v th n th th t d d n t v t (f r 8.2 . h ppl t ll f r f d r t t v t . All th , p rh p h t t r r bl th t th h d d n t v t h v h h h d r t p rt p t n n pr p rt n t th h h t t th r v t t th l l l t n . On nd r h th r th p r n h v n l h n th r r n th n l t n p rt p t n, t xpr th r p l t l nt r t.
For non-Western immigrants, direct political activity may be an alternative to participation in elections On f r n th xt nt f d r t p rt p t n t n d r th v r f r f p rt p t n h l . An nd x n tr t d h r b n n p rt p t n v n th v l 0, n f r f p rt p t n v n th v l nd n p t . M t p r n h v n t p rt p t d n n f r f d r t t n nd v r f h v p rt p t d n r th n n f th p l t l f r f xpr n. C p r d t r n , th p tt rn f t n r r bl l r p ll h n n d r th t l t n t rn t n f r n t z n l .
h r l t n b t n l t n p rt p t n nd b n d d r t p rt p t n pp r t b v r d l r f r th d ff r nt r p f f r n t z n , r p d b n t n l t nd x. S rpr n l , n n W t rn n nd n th r th n thr f r f d r t p rt p t n h v t l l t n t rn t. W t rn n th h h d r t p rt p t n l b v th th r r p . h r lt t th t t n n n W t rn l t r th t d r t
Immigrants in Norway
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C l n, v d A. ( 4 : " r nd n l , n ( 6 : Motbakke, men driv? f rt l t nd nt r rr n Innvandrerungdom i norsk skole, pp rt r nt p p l t n n W t rn E r p 6 6, O l : Un f r . Journal of Bio- r f nt r t n", St t t r ( : lvp rt n v social Science 26, 0 6. 0 t ll t nnv ndr r r fl tn n r, j v , Ann r tt nd Kår n Ukens statistikk , 0. ( : "Skaff meg en jobb!" Levekår blant St t t r ( b : Gr nn flyktninger i Oslo, A O pp rt 84, t b ll r. Arb d r d t t t ld( f r O l : r n n t ft l n A O. nnv ndr r t nl nd t t b r r , l , St rl ( 2 : Utlendinger og 4. v rt l . kriminalitet. En analyse av forholdet St t t r ( 6 : Innv ndr rn mellom straffede norske og utenlandske tår f r h lv f l t lv t n. l r d statsborgere, pp 2, O l : rn v rn t tv l n nt r. n r b r nn nn t dl r nt tt, Ukens statistikk 6, 48. n n, rbjørn ( : t t b Stør n, v Ann ( 8 : Levekår blant l p l t b r tn n f r O l 60 0, utenlandske statsborgere 1983, S l O l : r b f r n n n t t tt. ø n t d r 6 , St t t r . l nd, Ull ( : Innv ndr r v n , Ir n nd Er n ( 6 : r n l t t, Samfunnsspeilet , 2, t r nnl f r n l r v p r n r St t t r . v r n fr td nn n t l rb d. K hn, n . ( 88 : I r nt nt j n, t t r 6 , St t t S l t v t nd rt l t Ad pt n n th r . Un t d St t , Social Forces, 6 , . nd n, El b tt ( 4 : Innv nd K hn, n . ( 4 : I r nt nd r r t t t . El v r l r nd r l v t v rt l t r n th 80 : Ad p v d r å nd ppl r n pr. . 0, p b t n nd Exp t t n f r th t r , l rt n t t, St t t r . International Migration Review, 4 ll: Innvand- 28 ( 0 . nd n, Kår (r d. ( : rere i Norge. Hvem er de, hva gjør de og hvordan lever de? St t t n l r 20, St t t r . 6 l d n th r St t t l An l t t tt p bl j n n r n St t t n l r
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