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Criminalization of Sex Work in Norway
THE HUMAN COST OF ‘CRUSHING’ THE MARKET CRIMINALIZATION OF SEX WORK IN NORWAY Amnesty International is a global movement of more than 7 million people who campaign for a world where human rights are enjoyed by all. Our vision is for every person to enjoy all the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other international human rights standards. We are independent of any government, political ideology, economic interest or religion and are funded mainly by our membership and public donations. © Amnesty International 2016 Except where otherwise noted, content in this document is licensed under a Creative Commons Cover photo: Empty street in Oslo in area where sex is sold. (attribution, non-commercial, no derivatives, international 4.0) licence. © Samfoto Dagsavisen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode For more information please visit the permissions page on our website: www.amnesty.org Where material is attributed to a copyright owner other than Amnesty International this material is not subject to the Creative Commons licence. First published in 2016 by Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 1 Easton Street London WC1X 0DW, UK Index: EUR/36/4034/2016 Original language: English amnesty.org CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 7 METHODOLOGY 14 1. HUMAN RIGHTS AND COMMERCIAL SEX IN NORWAY 16 1.1 “The Nordic Model” 18 1.2 Norway’s Human Rights obligations 19 2. HOW NORWAY HARDENED ITS APPROACH TOWARDS COMMERCIAL SEX 21 2.1 Changing demographics: An increasingly internationalized context 21 2.2 Expansion and contraction: the developing indoor market and subsequent crackdowns 22 2.3 The “threat” of foreign prostitution and human trafficking concerns 23 2.4 The introduction of the ban on purchasing sex 25 2.5 Current legal framework 26 3. -
Qwinter 1994 Volume 43 Number 1
AWI uarterlWinter 1994 Volume 43 Q Number 1 magnificent humpback whale was captured on film by R. Cover : AWI • Shelton "Doc" White, who comes from a long line of seafarers and rtrl merchant seamen. He continues the tradition of Captain John White, an early New Q WInr l 4Y br I World explorer commissioned by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1587. In 1968, Doc was commissioned in the US Navy and was awarded two Bronze Stars, a Purple Heart, and the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry. He has devoted himself to diving, professional underwater photography and photographic support, scientific research support, and seamanship. Directors Madeleine Bemelmans Jean Wallace Douglas David 0. Hill Freeborn G. Jewett, Jr. Christine Stevens Doc White/Images Unlimited Roger L. Stevens Aileen Train Investigation Reveals Continued Trade in Tiger Parts Cynthia Wilson Startling evidence from a recent undercover investigation on the tiger bone trade in Officers China was released this month by the Tiger Trust. Perhaps the most threatened of all Christine Stevens, President tiger sub-species is the great Amur or "Siberian" tiger, a national treasure to most Cynthia Wilson, Vice President Russians and revered by Russian indigenous groups who call it "Amba" or "Great Freeborn G. Jewett, Jr., Secretary Sovereign." Michael Day, President of Tiger Trust, along with Dr. Bill Clark and Roger L. Stevens, Treasurer Investigator, Steven Galster went to Russia in November and December to work with the Russian government to start up a new, anti-poaching program designed to halt the Scientific Committee rapid decline of the Siberian tiger. Neighboring China has claimed to the United Marjorie Anchel, Ph.D. -
The Status, Characteristics and Potential of SMART SPECIALISATION in Nordic Regions
The status, characteristics and potential of SMART SPECIALISATION in Nordic Regions By Mari Wøien, Iryna Kristensen and Jukka Teräs NORDREGIO REPORT 2019:3 nordregio report 2019:3 1 The status, characteristics and potential of SMART SPECIALISATION in Nordic Regions By Mari Wøien, Iryna Kristensen and Jukka Teräs NORDREGIO REPORT 2019:3 Prepared on behalf of the Nordic Thematic Group for Innovative and Resilient Regions 2017–2020, under the Nordic Council of Ministers Committee of Civil Servants for Regional Affairs. The status, characteristics and potential of smart specialisation in Nordic Regions Nordregio Report 2019:3 ISBN 978-91-87295-67-6 ISSN 1403-2503 DOI: doi.org/10.30689/R2019:3.1403-2503 © Nordregio 2019 Nordregio P.O. Box 1658 SE-111 86 Stockholm, Sweden [email protected] www.nordregio.org www.norden.org Analyses and text: Mari Wøien, Iryna Kristensen and Jukka Teräs Contributors: Ágúst Bogason, Eeva Turunen, Laura Fagerlund, Tuulia Rinne and Viktor Salenius, Nordregio. Cover: Taneli Lahtinen Nordregio is a leading Nordic and European research centre for regional development and planning, established by the Nordic Council of Ministers in 1997. We conduct solution-oriented and applied research, addressing current issues from both a research perspective and the viewpoint of policymakers and practitioners. Operating at the international, national, regional and local levels, Nordregio’s research covers a wide geographic scope, with an emphasis on the Nordic and Baltic Sea Regions, Europe and the Arctic. The Nordic co-operation Nordic co-operation is one of the world’s most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland. -
A Comparison of Responses to Political Mass Shootings in the United States and Norway
Old Dominion University ODU Digital Commons Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations Sociology & Criminal Justice Summer 2016 What Can State Talk Tell Us About Punitiveness? A Comparison of Responses to Political Mass Shootings in The United States and Norway Kimberlee G. Waggoner Old Dominion University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/sociology_criminaljustice_etds Part of the Criminology Commons, Scandinavian Studies Commons, and the Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons Recommended Citation Waggoner, Kimberlee G.. "What Can State Talk Tell Us About Punitiveness? A Comparison of Responses to Political Mass Shootings in The United States and Norway" (2016). Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Dissertation, Sociology & Criminal Justice, Old Dominion University, DOI: 10.25777/6e42-3262 https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/sociology_criminaljustice_etds/10 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Sociology & Criminal Justice at ODU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Sociology & Criminal Justice Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ODU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WHAT CAN STATE TALK TELL US ABOUT PUNITIVENESS? A COMPARISON OF RESPONSES TO POLITICAL MASS SHOOTINGS IN THE UNITED STATES AND NORWAY by Kimberlee G. Waggoner B.S. May 2009, Northern Arizona University M.S. May 2011, Northern Arizona University A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of Old Dominion University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY CRIMINOLOGY AND CRIMINAL JUSTICE OLD DOMINION UNIVERSITY August 2016 Approved by: Randolph Myers (Director) Mona J.E. Danner (Member) Tim Goddard (Member) ABSTRACT WHAT CAN STATE TALK TELL US ABOUT PUNITIVENESS? A COMPARISON OF RESPONSES TO POLITICAL MASS SHOOTINGS IN THE UNITED STATES AND NORWAY Kimberlee G. -
C:\Documents and Settings\Ajepsen\Dokumenter
Foundations in Europe: Denmark Where money meets visions Ulla Habermann Institut for Idræt, Københavns Universitet Nørre Allé 51, 2200 København N Tlf.: 3532 0829 • Fax: 3532 0870 • E-mail: IFI@ifi .ku.dk • homepage: www.ifi .ku.dk Foundations in Europe: DENMARK Ulla Habermann Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences University of Copenhagen Foundations in Europe: DENMARK © Ulla Habermann, Institute of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen 2004 Design & layout: Allis Skovbjerg Jepsen Institut for Idræt, Københavns Universitet Nørre Allé 51 2200 Copenhagen N Telefon: 3532 0829 Telefax: 3532 0870 E-mail: [email protected] Hjemmeside: www.ifi.ku.dk Projektet er støttet af London School of Economics, Centre for Civil Society og Socialministeriet Content CHAPTER 1 Introduction................................................... 5 Research on foundations ................................................6 Definition of foundations................................................7 CHAPTER 2 Profile........................................................ 9 A short history of foundations in Denmark.................................9 Legislation ...........................................................13 Empirical profile......................................................15 Sample of foundations in this study ......................................18 CHAPTER 3 Foundation Roles ............................................. 22 A sense of identity, purpose and autonomy............................... 22 The “Complementarity”-role 27 The redistributive -
North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission
North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission ANNUAL REPORT 1995 Layout & editing: NAMMCO Secretariat Printing: Peder Norbye Grafisk, Tromsø, Norway ISSN 1025-2045 ISBN 82-91578-00-1 © North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission 1995 Søndre Tollbugate 9, Postal address: University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø Tel.: +47 77 64 59 08, Fax: +47 77 64 59 05, Email: [email protected] Preface The North Atlantic Marine Mammal Commission was established in 1992 by an Agreement signed in Nuuk, Greenland on the 9th of April between the Faroe Islands, Greenland, Iceland and Norway. The objective of the Commission, as stated in the Agreement, is to “... contribute through regional consultation and cooperation, to the conservation, rational management and study of marine mammals in the North Atlantic.” The Council, which is the decision-making body of the Commission, held its inaugural meeting in Tórshavn, Faroe Islands, 10-11 September 1992 (NAMMCO/1), and has convened four times since: in Tromsø, Norway 19-20 January 1993 (NAMMCO/2); Reykjavik, Iceland, 1-2 July 1993 (NAMMCO/3); Tromsø, Norway 24-25 February 1994 (NAMMCO/4); and most recently in Nuuk, Greenland, 21-23 February 1995 (NAMMCO/5). The present volume contains proceedings from NAMMCO/5 - the fifth meeting of the Council, which was held at the Hotel Hans Egede in Nuuk, Greenland 21-23 February 1995 (Section 1), as well as the reports of the 1995 meetings of the Management Committee (Section 2) and the Scientific Committee (Section 3), which presented their conclusions to the Council at its fifth meeting. Included as an annex to the Management Committee report is the report of the second meeting of the Working Group on Inspection and Observation. -
Sink Or Swim : the Economics of Whaling Today
Sink or Swim : The Economics of Whaling Today A Summary Report produced by WWF and WDCS Based on a study by Economics for the Environment Consultancy (eftec) Published in June 2009 eftec report written by Dr Rob Tinch and Zara Phang A copy of the full report by eftec can be found on both WWF and WDCS websites - http://www.panda.org/iwc http://www.wdcs.org/publications.php "The whaling industry, like any other industry, has to obey the market. If there is no profitability, there is no foundation for resuming with the killing of whales." Einar K. Guðfinsson, former Minister of Fisheries, Iceland, 2007 BACKGROUND Whales have been hunted commercially for centuries. Historically, the main demand was for oil made from their blubber, which was used for fuel. In 1946, the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW) was signed, subsequently establishing the International Whaling Commission (IWC) to regulate whaling and conserve whale stocks. The IWC started out essentially as a whalers’ club, with only 15 members, all of which were whaling nations. It had no provisions to detect and punish over-hunting and it paid scant attention to the sustainability of whaling. The results were disastrous for whales. Some species, such as blue and right whales, were hunted to near extinction; reduced to less than 5 per cent of their original population abundance. Yet it must be seen in the context of its time, which far pre-dated any environmental or conservation treaties, or awareness of the need to utilise wild species sustainably. In 1982, a growing conservation movement within the IWC secured a ban on commercial whaling. -
Con!Nui" of Norwegian Tradi!On in #E Pacific Nor#West
Con!nui" of Norwegian Tradi!on in #e Pacific Nor#west Henning K. Sehmsdorf Copyright 2020 S&S Homestead Press Printed by Applied Digital Imaging Inc, Bellingham, WA Cover: 1925 U.S. postage stamp celebrating the centennial of the 54 ft (39 ton) sloop “Restauration” arriving in New York City, carrying 52 mostly Norwegian Quakers from Stavanger, Norway to the New World. Table of Con%nts Preface: 1-41 Immigra!on, Assimila!on & Adapta!on: 5-10 S&ried Tradi!on: 11-281 1 Belief & Story 11- 16 / Ethnic Jokes, Personal Narratives & Sayings 16-21 / Fishing at Røst 21-23 / Chronicats, Memorats & Fabulats 23-28 Ma%rial Culture: 28-96 Dancing 24-37 / Hardanger Fiddle 37-39 / Choral Singing 39-42 / Husflid: Weaving, Knitting, Needlework 42-51 / Bunad 52-611 / Jewelry 62-7111 / Boat Building 71-781 / Food Ways 78-97 Con!nui": 97-10211 Informants: 103-10811 In%rview Ques!onnaire: 109-111111 End No%s: 112-1241111 Preface For the more than three decades I taught Scandinavian studies at the University of Washington in Seattle, I witnessed a lively Norwegian American community celebrating its ethnic heritage, though no more than approximately 1.5% of self-declared Norwegian Americans, a mere fraction of the approximately 280,000 Americans of Norwegian descent living in Washington State today, claim membership in ethnic organizations such as the Sons of Norway. At musical events and dances at Leikarringen and folk dance summer camps; salmon dinners and traditional Christmas celebrations at Leif Ericsson Lodge; cross-country skiing at Trollhaugen near Stampede -
Country Review Report of Norway
Country Review Report of Norway Review by Sweden and Kuwait of the implementation by Norway of articles 15 – 42 of Chapter III. “Criminalization and law enforcement” and articles 44 – 50 of Chapter IV. “International cooperation” of the United Nations Convention against Corruption for the review cycle 2010 - 2015 Page 1 of 142 Introduction 1. The Conference of the States Parties to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (hereinafter, UNCAC or the Convention) was established pursuant to article 63 of the Convention to, inter alia, promote and review the implementation of the Convention. 2. In accordance with article 63, paragraph 7, of the Convention, the Conference established at its third session, held in Doha from 9 to 13 November 2009, the Mechanism for the Review of Implementation of the Convention. The Mechanism was established also pursuant to article 4, paragraph 1, of the Convention, which states that States parties shall carry out their obligations under the Convention in a manner consistent with the principles of sovereign equality and territorial integrity of States and of non-intervention in the domestic affairs of other States. 3. The Review Mechanism is an intergovernmental process whose overall goal is to assist States parties in implementing the Convention. 4. The review process is based on the terms of reference of the Review Mechanism. II. Process 5. The following review of the implementation by Norway of the Convention is based on the completed response to the comprehensive self-assessment checklist received from Norway, and any supplementary information provided in accordance with paragraph 27 of the terms of reference of the Review Mechanism and the outcome of the constructive dialogue between Norway and the governmental experts from Kuwait and Sweden, by means of telephone conferences and e-mail exchanges and involving Dr. -
Predictive Policing
PREDICTIVE POLICING CAN DATA ANALYSIS HELP THE POLICE TO BE IN THE RIGHT PLACE AT THE RIGHT TIME? ISBN 978-82-92447-82 – 6 (printed version) ISBN 978-82-92447-83 – 3 (electronic version) Published: Oslo, September 2015 Cover: Birgitte Blandhoel Printed by: ILAS Grafisk Published on: www.teknologiradet.no 4 FOREWORD Several recent reports have provided us with a thorough and well-documented analysis of the current state of the Norwegian police. A recurrent theme in all these reports is the need to make better use of the potential inherent in infor- mation and communication technology. A central message in the report of the 22 July Commission was the acknowledgement that we are in the middle of a technological revolution that has contributed to major changes in society, and that the Norwegian police must keep up with the developments. This leads to expectations that in the future the police will be more ambitious in their use of technology – in operational and preventive work too. An important objective for the police's operational work is that the patrols are located where they are needed, when they are needed. In recent years the police in several countries have started using new data analysis techniques that predict where and when needs are likely to be greatest. The police and the suppliers of these tools report good experience and claim that these kinds of analyses make it easier to stay ahead of the game and focus more on preemp- tive policing and prevention. In this report the Norwegian Board of Technology assesses data-driven analy- sis tools and predictive policing – and whether they should be adopted by the Norwegian police. -
The Role of Institutions and Policy in Knowledge Sector Development: an Assessment of the Danish and Norwegian Information Communication Technology Sectors
University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2015 The Role of Institutions and Policy in Knowledge Sector Development: An Assessment of the Danish and Norwegian Information Communication Technology Sectors Keith M. Gehring University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Gehring, Keith M., "The Role of Institutions and Policy in Knowledge Sector Development: An Assessment of the Danish and Norwegian Information Communication Technology Sectors" (2015). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 1086. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/1086 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS AND POLICY IN KNOWLEDGE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DANISH AND NORWEGIAN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SECTORS __________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Josef Korbel School of International Studies University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________ by Keith M. Gehring November 2015 Advisor: Professor Martin Rhodes Author: Keith M. Gehring Title: THE ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS AND POLICY IN KNOWLEDGE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE DANISH AND NORWEGIAN INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SECTORS Advisor: Professor Martin Rhodes Degree Date: November 2015 ABSTRACT The Nordic economies of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden outperform on average nearly ever OECD country in the share of value added stemming from the information and communication technology (ICT) sector. -
Slow Shift—Developing Provisions for Talented Students in Scandinavian Higher Education
education sciences Article Slow Shift—Developing Provisions for Talented Students in Scandinavian Higher Education Marca Wolfensberger 1,2 and Maarten Hogenstijn 1,* 1 Research Centre for Talent Development in Higher Education and Society, Hanze University of Applied Sciences Groningen, Room H0.82, Zernikeplein 11, 9747 AS, Groningen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 2 Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, 3584 CS, Utrecht, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-50-595-1360 Academic Editor: Steven I. Pfeiffer Received: 30 June 2016; Accepted: 6 September 2016; Published: 10 September 2016 Abstract: For decades, Scandinavian culture effectively prohibited the development of special provisions for talented students in higher education. However, in recent years, a cultural shift has gradually made more room for excellence and talent development in the national discourses. This paper analyzes the climate for talent development in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Following a first inventory of honors programs in Scandinavian higher education in which the only programs were found in Denmark, 10 experts were interviewed to analyze their national situation and reflect on the leading role of Denmark. In this country, external incentives, focus on quality, pioneers, and an open atmosphere were found to produce a culture more appreciative of excellence over the last decade. Starting from the Danish experience, the situation in Norway and Sweden is analyzed, showing that the combination of factors leading to change in Denmark is not yet present here. Lessons for other countries are highlighted, notably the importance of sharing information and exchanging knowledge at an international level.