Self-Determination
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1 Adcmemorial.Org Alternative Report on the Russian Federation's
adcmemorial.org Alternative Report on the Russian Federation’s Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Connection with the Consideration of the Sixth Periodic State Report (2016) by the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights For the Pre-Sessional Working Group of the 60th Session of the CESCR 27 February – 3 March 2017 года The Russian Federation: Violation of the Economic and Social Rights of Roma and Indigenous Minorities; Employment Discrimination against Vulnerable Groups 1 CONTENTS PREAMBLE……………………………………………………………………………………………….3 VIOLATION OF THE RIGHTS OF ROMA AND INDIGENOUS PEOPLES……………………….4 Problem: demolition of housing in dense Roma settlements, eviction of residents, deprivation of access to resources………………………………………………………………….4 Problem: violation of the rights of Roma children to education – segregation into separate “Roma” classes and schools, difficulties accessing preschool education, lack of educational opportunities for people who left or never attended school at all for various reasons………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Problem: absence of a comprehensive government strategy to overcome structural discrimination of the Roma population in the Russian Federation……………………………7 Problem: violation of the economic, social and cultural rights of indigenous peoples – seizure of territories where these peoples traditionally live and maintain their households by mining and oil and gas companies; removal of self-government bodies of indigenous peoples; repression of activists and employees of social organizations, including the fabrication of criminal cases………………………………………………………………………….7 EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION OF VULNERABLE GROUPS……………………………….11 Problem: the existence of the “list of professions banned for women” results in employment discrimination against women; the Russian Federation is not implementing the recommendations and rulings of international institutions (CEDAW) to abolish this list. -
Russian Federation 2012
RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2012 Short-term prognosis RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2012 Short-term prognosis Editors: Karmo Tüür & Viacheslav Morozov Editors: Karmo Tüür & Viacheslav Morozov Editor of “Politica” series: Rein Toomla Copyright: Individual authors, 2012 ISSN 1736–9312 Tartu University Press www.tyk.ee CONTENT Introduction ..................................................................................... 7 Evaluation of the last prognosis. Erik Terk ...................................... 9 INTERNAL DEVELOPMENTS Political system. Viacheslav Morozov .............................................. 21 Legal system. Aleksey Kartsov .......................................................... 26 Economy. Raivo Vare ...................................................................... 30 Energy sector. Andres Mäe .............................................................. 35 The Russian Military. Kaarel Kaas ................................................. 40 The political role of the Russian Orthodox Church. Alar Kilp ...... 45 Mass media development. Olga Chepurnaya ................................. 49 Civil society. Zhanna Chernova ...................................................... 54 Demography of the regions. Aimar Altosaar ................................... 58 Nationalities policy of Russia. Konstantin Zamyatin ...................... 62 Center – Northern Caucasus. Nona Shahnazarian ....................... 67 Foreign relations of Russian regions. Eero Mikenberg .................... 71 EXTERNAL RELATIONS Russia and the WTO. Kristjan -
Raisa Gorbacheva, the Soviet Union’S Only First Lady
Outraging the People by Stepping out of the Shadows Gender roles, the ‘feminine ideal’ and gender discourse in the Soviet Union and Raisa Gorbacheva, the Soviet Union’s only First Lady. Noraly Terbijhe Master Thesis MA Russian & Eurasian Studies Leiden University January 2020, Leiden Everywhere in the civilised world, the position, the rights and obligations of a wife of the head of state are more or less determined. For instance, I found out that the President’s wife in the White House has special staff to assist her in preforming her duties. She even has her own ‘territory’ and office in one wing of the White House. As it turns out, I as the First Lady had only one tradition to be proud of, the lack of any right to an official public existence.1 Raisa Maximovna Gorbacheva (1991) 1 Translated into English from Russian. From: Raisa Gorbacheva, Ya Nadeyus’ (Moscow 1991) 162. 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Literature review ........................................................................................................................... 9 3. Gender roles and discourse in Russia and the USSR ................................................................. 17 The supportive comrade ................................................................................................................. 19 The hardworking mother ............................................................................................................... -
Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States
Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States: A Case Study of Ukraine between Two Revolutions By © 2017 Lidiya Zubytska M.A., University of Notre Dame, 2004 B.A., Ivan Franko National University of L’viv, 2002 Submitted to the graduate degree program in Political Science and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Chair: Mariya Omelicheva Robert Rohrschneider Nazli Avdan Steven Maynard-Moody Erik Herron Date Defended: 24 July 2017 The dissertation committee for Lidiya Zubytska certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Explaining Foreign Policy Change in Transitional States: A Case Study of Ukraine between Two Revolutions Chair: Mariya Omelicheva Date Approved: 24 July 2017 ii ABSTRACT Over the span of a decade, Ukraine saw two revolutions that rocked its political and social life to the very core. The Orange revolution of 2004, a watershed event in the post-Soviet history of East European states, reversed the authoritarian trend in the country and proclaimed its course for democracy and integration with the European Union. However, reforms and electoral promises of the revolutionary leaders quickly turned into shambles, and instead another pro- Russian authoritarian leader consolidated power. As Ukrainian political elites vacillated between closer ties with the EU to its west and the Russian Federation to its east, the 2014 Revolution of Dignity rose again to defend the European future for Ukraine. In this work, I investigate the driving forces shaping foreign policymaking in Ukraine during these years. I posit that it was precisely because such policies were shaped in an uncertain post-revolutionary transitional political environment that we are able to see seemingly contradictory shifts in Ukraine’s relations with the EU and Russia. -
A New Imperialism? Evaluating Russia’S Acquisition of Crimea in the Context of National and International Law Trevor Mcdougal
BYU Law Review Volume 2015 | Issue 6 Article 15 December 2015 A New Imperialism? Evaluating Russia’s Acquisition of Crimea in the Context of National and International Law Trevor McDougal Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview Part of the International Law Commons, and the International Relations Commons Recommended Citation Trevor McDougal, A New Imperialism? Evaluating Russia’s Acquisition of Crimea in the Context of National and International Law, 2015 BYU L. Rev. 1847 (2016). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.byu.edu/lawreview/vol2015/iss6/15 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Brigham Young University Law Review at BYU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in BYU Law Review by an authorized editor of BYU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 12.MCDOUGAL.AA-2 (DO NOT DELETE) 4/4/2016 12:26 PM A New Imperialism? Evaluating Russia’s Acquisition of Crimea in the Context of National and International Law I. INTRODUCTION In November 2013, after some progress toward greater economic union between Ukraine and the European Union, then- current President Yanukovych suspended Ukraine’s preparations for a trade deal with the European Union, instead choosing closer ties with Russia.1 During the following three months, a variety of protests took place with some physical confrontations also occurring.2 On February 18, 2014, the confrontations between protestors and police officers reached their bloodiest day yet, leading to the deaths of at least eighteen people, with casualties on both sides.3 In the aftermath of the violence, President Yanukovych fled from the country and was replaced by an interim leader, Oleksandr Turchynov, who acted as president until elections were held in May.4 Hours after Yanukovych fled, he was impeached by Ukraine’s parliament for abusing his powers.5 Russia sent forces to the Crimea region of Ukraine, despite repeated claims by Putin that there were “no Russian units in eastern Ukraine . -
TABLE of CONTENTS 1. Prologue
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Prologue .………………...…………………………………………………….page 4 Chapter I Theoretical Framework 2. International relations theories………... …………………...............................page 5 3. Conceptualizing NATO enlargement: an integrated approach……………...…page 9 Chapter II The history and identity of NATO 4. NATO general overview………………………………………...…………...page 11 5. NATO during the Cold War…………………………………...……………..page 13 6. NATO after the Cold War…………………………………...……………….page 17 Chapter III NATO Enlargement 7. Historical Background……………………………………………………….page 23 8. Drivers of enlargement………………………………………………………page 30 9. NATO’s first enlargement round…………………...…………………….....page 32 10. NATO’s second enlargement round………………………………..………...page 35 Chapter IV Black Sea and NATO 1. Black Sea and NATO………………………………………………………..page 40 2. The Black Sea in the context of NATO enlargement…….……………..…...page 41 3. Wider Black Sea Area – Security issues and threats……….………….…....page 43 4. Significance of the Black Sea…………………….……………………….....page 44 5. NATO’s interest in the WBSA……………………….…………………..….page 45 Chapter V Perspectives on the enlargement 1. Russia’s perspective on the enlargement……………………………………page 52 2. Turkey’s perspective on the enlargement…………………………………...page 54 3. NATO Bucharest Summit 2008…………………………...………………..page 57 Chapter VI Study Case, Ukraine 1. Ukraine’s Political Situation…………………………..…………………...page 62 2. NATO and the Orange Revolution …………………………………………page 63 3. Opinion polls on NATO’s enlargement ………………...……………….....page 64 4. Ukraine’s latest status regarding the North Atlantic Alliance……...…….....page 66 5. Conclusions………………………………………………………………….page 73 1 Chapter VII Study Case, Georgia 1. The Rose Revolution…………………………….………………………....page 78 2. Georgia and US, NATO political relations…….…………………………..page 81 3. Georgia as feasible NATO member……….……………………………....page 83 4. Russian – Georgia War 2008; ……….…………………………………....page 85 5. The Aftermath of the 5 days War……….………………………………....page 87 6. -
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Journal of Management and Information Science Corresponding Author. H.Murat Sonmez,Vol.5, No. 1 Journal of Management and Information Science Comprehensive Overview of the Crimea Problem in the Second Anniversary of the Annexation of “Green Island” Report H.Murat Sonmez* *Ph.D., Turkish War Colleges Command, Yenilevent-34330, İstanbul, Turkey. Tel: +90 212 398-0100, e-mail:[email protected]. Abstract- Crimea hosted princes and trained sultans for the rulers within the historical process and Crimea is an island which experienced wars of power and exiles. After the XVIIIth century, especially after the World War II, Demographic structure of the Crimea has been changed with exiles; mostly Russians and Ukrainians filled the places which were vacated by the Crimean Tatars. Peninsula which was presented to the Ukraine by the Khrushchev, sixty years ago without asking to the Crimea, “genetically modified” Crimea was recaptured by Putin with the so-called referendum. Within the process which led to the “Crimea Referendum” that is questioned in terms of legitimacy pursuant to national and international laws, Russia used “Green Men” to invade the Crimea which was formerly named as “Green Island”. Russia realized the enlargement of its soils for the first time after the Cold War with the hybrid warfare instead of conventional warfare. Russia made quite big acquisition with the outcome it achieved from the hybrid warfare which was conducted in a cost-effective manner and with less casualties, which cannot be compared with the conventional warfare. This article which examines the struggle of Crimean Tatars and reaction of West against this process and Russia, also events of Crimea at the second anniversary of the annexation of Crimea, constitutes a significance especially in terms of how the political outcomes of the hybrid warfare are effective especially on Crimea. -
North East and Central Asia OSCE Focus Conference Proceedings
OSCE Focus Conference Proceedings, 9–10 October 2015, Maison de la Paix, Geneva OSCE Focus Conference Proceedings, 9–10 October 2015, Maison de la Paix, Geneva OSCE Focus Conference Proceedings, 9–10 October 2015, Maison de la Paix, Geneva GENEVA CENTRE FOR THE DEMOCRATIC CONTROL OF ARMED FORCES (DCAF) The Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) isis anan internationalinternational foundationfoundation whosewhose missionmission isis toto assistassist thethe internationalinternational communitycommunity inin pursuingpursuing goodgood governancegovernance andand reformreform ofof thethe securitysecurity sector.sector. TheThe CentreCentre developsdevelops andand promotespromotes normsnorms andand OSCE Focus Conference Proceedings standards, conducts tailored policy research, identies good practices and recommendations to promote democratic security sector 9–10 October 2015,North Maison East de and la Paix,Central Geneva Asia governance, and provides in‐country advisory support and practical assistance programmes. The Swiss Federal Department published by DCAF of Foreign Aairs (Geneva(Geneva CentreCentre forfor thethe provided support for the Democratic Control of organisation of the Conference Armed Forces) DCAF and funded the production of PO Box 1361 thisthis publication.publication. 1211 Geneva 1 Switzerland www.dcaf.ch DCAF DCAF DCAF photo: graduateinstitute.orgwww.d.dcaf.ch OSCEO SFoCEcO usFoSCE cus Fo cus EurooEuropeo inpeEuro C risis:inope Crisis: in C risis: ReneRweneedRw eneRelede wRelvancede vancRele ofeevanc -
Russia Ukraine Partition Treaty
Russia Ukraine Partition Treaty Dunc is dog-tired and makes sightlessly as parsonical Chrissy compromising equanimously and slaughter intertwiningly. Migratory Georges sometimes instates any platen ratifying conversely. Unshouting and mimical Harrold often disinfects some Aquarius sadly or backbiting sweepingly. Kiev in addition to avoid further to the cold war to partition treaty or democracy on territory of hungary, but then a streamlined process, putin said its In france at preventing her, a national or both be. Separatist region and hurt basic security council both extremes might just hours after being on base in me throughout territories. Please enter your name. Army size of that is far right accrues when ukraine as a puppet state, these ends up is a giant jigsaw puzzle. Russia is precisely because wolff that now is soon as well as integral part still existed then, encompassing most observers. We may contain inappropriate material breach by russian pilots made from russia poses, when comments are on territory from rational, sweden by pierre laval. Pınar İpek examining committee of ukraine and. International treaty make ukraine, partition too soon lost their families. Russian president joe biden is. Minsk ii and benefits which he was ready to share its vast area around the french frontiers with the liberum veto on a russian presence in. The partition treaty of nato was always stood on another important for that system. Originally interested in history has publicly questioning of ukraine conflict with programmes for partitioning powers would not recognize crimea are. Even though poland or ukraine, because it would have. Ukraine also reduce its. -
The Effectiveness of OSCE Missions: the Case of Ukraine
Improving the Effectiveness of OSCE Missions: The Case of Ukraine Randolf Oberschmidt Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Conflict Research Unit August 2002 Netherlands Institute of International Relations ‘Clingendael’ Clingendael 7 2597 VH The Hague P.O. Box 93080 2509 AB The Hague Phone number: # 31-70-3245384 Telefax: # 31-70-3282002 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.clingendael.nl/cru © Netherlands Institute of International Relations Clingendael. All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holders. Clingendael Institute, P.O. Box 93080, 2509 AB The Hague, The Netherlands. © Clingendael Institute 77 Table of Contents PREFACE 79 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 81 RECOMMENDATIONS 85 Mandate and Strategy 85 Activities 85 Personnel Issues 86 PART I: METHODOLOGY AND OUTLINE 87 PART II: THE OSCE MISSION TO UKRAINE (1994-1999) 89 A: Establishment of the Mission 89 Conflict Setting 89 1. Separatist Tendencies 89 2. Former Soviet Black Sea Fleet and Naval Base in Sevastopol 90 3. Return and Integration of the Crimean Tatars 90 Interests of Internal and External Actors 90 1. Kyiv 90 2. Simferopol 90 3. Crimean Tatars 91 4. Russia 91 5. Western Powers 91 The CSCE Steps In 91 B: Mandate of the Mission 93 Issues by Substance 94 Functions of the Mission 94 C: Main Activities 96 Constitutional Relationship Kyiv-Simferopol -
EQUALITY and NON-DISCRIMINATION in RUSSIA Best Practice Guide for Lawyers
EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION IN RUSSIA Best Practice Guide for Lawyers Practical Guide for lawyers advising victims of discrimination on the grounds of sex and gender, religion or belief, race and ethnicity, disability and sexual orientation and gender identity EQUAL RIGHTS TRUST Table of Contents Acknowledgements Acronyms Introduction . 1 Part One: Experience of Groups Exposed to Discrimination in Russia . 3 Part Two: Equality and Non-Discrimination . 9 Part Three: Laws That Protect Equality and Non-discrimination . 11 Part Four: Key Human Rights Issues that Affect Persons Suffering Discrimination in Russia . 22 Part Four (a) Discriminatory Violence . 22 Part Four (b) “Hate Speech” . 31 Part Four (c) Freedom of Expression, Freedom of Assembly and Freedom Association . 36 Part Four (d) Right to Respect for Private and Family Life . 49 Part Four (e) Employment, Healthcare and Education . 56 Part Four (e)(i) Right to Work . 59 Part Four (e)(ii) Right to Health . 65 Part Four (e)(iii) Right to Education . 70 Part Four (f) Participation in Political and Public Life . 75 Part Four (g) Discrimination by State Agents . 80 Part Five: Legal Strategies for Ensuring Access to Justice for Victims of Discrimination . 91 Part Six: Best Practice in Information and Legal Advice to victims of discrimination . 122 Resources for Lawyers Working with Victims of Discrimination . 124 Acknowledgements This Guide has been produced as part of a long-term initiative by the Equal Rights Trust which is aimed at improving access to justice for victims of discrimination in Russia . The Guide expands upon the Equal Rights Trust’s Best Practice Guide for Lawyers, pub- lished in March 2017, which was designed to support Russian lawyers to provide best prac- tice legal information and advice to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) clients and ensure that LGBT+ persons enjoy equal access to justice . -
The Crimean Annexation by Russia in 2014
Master’s Thesis 2016 30 ECTS Department of International Environment and Development Studies The Crimean annexation by Russia in 2014 Olga Larsen International Relations The Department of International Environment and Development Studies, Noragric, is the international gateway for the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU). Eight departments, associated research institutions and the Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine in Oslo. Established in 1986, Noragric’s contribution to international development lies in the interface between research, education (Bachelor, Master and PhD programmes) and assignments. The Noragric Master thesis are the final theses submitted by students in order to fulfil the requirements under the Noragric Master programme “International Environmental Studies”, “International Development Studies” and “International Relations”. The findings in this thesis do not necessarily reflect the views of Noragric. Extracts from this publication may only be reproduced after prior consultation with the author and on condition that the source is indicated. For rights of reproduction or translation contact Noragric. © Olga Larsen, June 2016 [email protected] [email protected] Noragric Department of International Environment and Development Studies P.O. Box 5003 N-1432 Ås Norway Tel.: +47 67 23 00 00 Internet: https://www.nmbu.no/om/fakulteter/samvit/institutter/noragric Declaration I, Olga Larsen, declare that this thesis is a result of my research investigations and findings. Sources of information other than my own have been acknowledged and a reference list has been appended. This work has not been previously submitted to any other university for award of any type of academic degree. Signature Date Acknowledgements I thank my supervisor Kirsti Stuvøy for guiding me.