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Virginia Eliza Clemm Crear una cuenta Ingresar Artículo Discusión Leer Editar código Ver historial Buscar Virginia Eliza Clemm Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe, cuyo nombre de soltera era Virginia Eliza Clemm (Baltimore, 22 de agosto Portada Virginia Eliza Clemm de 1822 – Fordham, Nueva York, 30 de enero de Portal de la comunidad 1847), fue la esposa del escritor romántico Actualidad estadounidense Edgar Allan Poe. Poe y ella eran Cambios recientes primos hermanos, y se casaron cuando ella tenía 13 Páginas nuevas años y él 27. Algunos biógrafos han sugerido que los Página aleatoria esposos mantuvieron una relación más fraternal que Ayuda conyugal,1 y que nunca consumaron el matrimonio.2 Donaciones Virginia enfermó de tuberculosis en enero de 1842, y Notificar un error murió por esta causa en enero de 1847, a los 24 Imprimir/exportar años de edad. Su fallecimiento se produjo en la casa Crear un libro de campo de la pareja, situada en las afueras de Descargar como PDF Nueva York. Único retrato conservado de Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe. Acuarela pintada tras su muerte en 1847. Versión para imprimir Años antes de contraer matrimonio, Virginia Clemm y Edgar Allan Poe ya habían vivido ocasionalmente bajo Nacimiento 22 de agosto de 1822 Herramientas Estados Unidos, Baltimore un mismo techo, con otros miembros de la familia. La Otros proyectos Fallecimiento 30 de enero de 1847 pareja tuvo que mudarse con frecuencia para (24 años) En otros idiomas adaptarse a los cambios de empleo de Edgar. Estados Unidos, Nueva York, Fordham Български Vivieron intermitentemente en Baltimore, Filadelfia y Causa de Nueva York. Pocos años después de su boda, Poe tuberculosis English muerte open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com muerte se vio envuelto en un grave escándalo que involucraba Esperanto Nacionalidad Estadounidense Français también a las poetisas Frances Sargent Osgood y Cónyuge Edgar Allan Poe 日本語 Elizabeth F. Ellet. Los rumores acerca de las Padres William Clemm, Jr. (padre) ქართული supuestas infidelidades de su esposo afectaron a Maria Poe (madre) Polski Virginia hasta el punto de que, en su lecho de 3 Português muerte, declararía que Ellet la había asesinado. Tras su muerte, su cuerpo fue finalmente ubicado bajo Русский el mismo monumento funerario que alberga los restos de su marido, en el cementerio Westminster Svenska («Westminster Hall and Burying Ground») de Baltimore. Sólo se ha comprobado la autenticidad de uno Türkçe de sus retratos, una acuarela pintada tras su muerte. Українська La enfermedad y posterior muerte de su esposa causaron una gran impresión a Edgar Allan Poe, que Editar los enlaces quedó muy abatido y se refugió en la bebida. Se cree que el trágico final de Virginia tuvo también una notable influencia en la obra de Poe, donde es frecuente el motivo del fallecimiento de una joven, como por ejemplo en los famosos poemas "Annabel Lee" y "El cuervo". Índice [ocultar] 1 Biografía 1.1 Primeros años 1.2 Matrimonio 1.3 El escándalo Osgood/Ellet 1.4 Enfermedad 1.5 Traslado a Fordham 1.6 Muerte 2 Impacto e influencia en Poe 2.1 Referencias en la literatura 3 Referencias 3.1 Bibliografía 3.2 Notas 4 Enlaces externos open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com Biografía [ editar código ] Primeros años [ editar código ] Virginia Eliza Clemm nació el 22 de agosto de 1822.4 Se le puso el nombre de una de sus hermanas que había fallecido diez días antes,4 siendo todavía una niña.5 Su padre, William Clemm, Jr., era Árbol genealógico de Poe y de Virginia. comerciante de artículos de ferretería en Baltimore.6 Se había casado con Maria Poe, la madre de Virginia, el 12 de julio de 1817,7 tras la muerte de su primera esposa, Harriet, prima hermana de Maria.8 Clemm tenía cinco hijos de su anterior matrimonio, y tendría otros tres con Maria.6 Tras su muerte, en 1826, dejó muy pocos bienes a su mujer y sus hijos,9 y los parientes les negaron su ayuda, porque anteriormente se habían opuesto al matrimonio.6 Para mantener a su familia, Maria tuvo que ponerse a coser y aceptar huéspedes, ayudada por la pensión de 240 dólares anuales que le había sido concedida a su madre, Elizabeth Cairnes, que estaba paralizada y postrada en cama.9 Elizabeth recibía la pensión por su último marido, el "general" David Poe, un antiguo oficial de intendencia de Maryland que había prestado dinero al estado.10 Edgar Poe conoció a su prima Virginia en agosto de 1829, cuatro meses antes de ser licenciado del ejército. Ella tenía por entonces siete años.11 En 1832, la familia —compuesta por Elizabeth, Maria, Virginia, y el hermano de Virginia, Henry11 — logró, gracias a la pensión de Elizabeth, alquilar una casa en lo que entonces era el número 3 de Amity Street, en Baltimore.12 El hermano mayor de Edgar, William Henry Leonard Poe, que había vivido antes con la familia,11 había fallecido el 1 de agosto de open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com 1831.13 Edgar se fue a vivir con ellos en 183314 y enseguida se enamoró de una vecina llamada Mary Devereaux. La joven Virginia hizo de mensajera entre los enamorados, y en una ocasión tuvo que conseguir un mechón del cabello de Devereaux para dárselo a Edgar.15 Elizabeth Cairnes Poe falleció el 7 de julio de 1835, dejando a la familia sin ingresos económicos, en una apurada situación financiera.16 Henry falleció por entonces, hacia 1836, y Virginia quedó como la única superviviente de los hijos de Maria Clemm.17 En agosto de 1835, Edgar dejó Baltimore y se trasladó a Richmond, donde había conseguido un empleo en el Southern Literary Messenger,18 con la esperanza de ganar algún dinero que le permitiera ayudar a su familia, sumida en la pobreza.19 Mientras Poe se encontraba fuera de Baltimore, otro primo suyo, Neilson Poe, marido de la medio hermana de Virginia, Josephine Clemm,20 supo que Edgar estaba considerando la idea de contraer matrimonio con Virginia. Neilson se ofreció a llevarla consigo y educarla, con el fin de evitar el matrimonio de la joven a una edad tan temprana, aunque dejando abierta la posibilidad de que la oferta de matrimonio pudiera ser más tarde reconsiderada.21 Edgar llamó a Neilson, propietario de un periódico de Baltimore, su «más implacable enemigo»,22 e interpretó las acciones de su primo como un intento de romper su relación con Virginia.23 El 29 de agosto de 183523 Edgar escribió una emotiva carta a Maria, declarando que «escribía cegado por las lágrimas»,24 20 y suplicándole que permitiese a Virginia decidir por sí misma.25 Sintiéndose respaldado por su empleo en el Southern Literary Messenger, Poe se ofreció a velar económicamente por Maria, Virginia y Henry, si se trasladaban con él a Richmond.26 Matrimonio [ editar código ] Los planes de matrimonio se confirmaron y Edgar regresó a Baltimore para solicitar una licencia matrimonial el 22 de septiembre de 1835. Es posible que, ya entonces, la pareja contrajese discretamente matrimonio, pero los relatos al respecto no son claros.27 La única ceremonia conocida tuvo lugar en Richmond, el 16 de mayo de 1836, cuando la unión de Edgar y Virginia fue sancionada por un ministro presbiteriano, el reverendo Amasa Converse.28 Edgar tenía open in browser PRO version Are you a developer? Try out the HTML to PDF API pdfcrowd.com 27 años y Virginia 13, aunque se escribió que su edad era de 21.28 El título matrimonial fue presentado en Richmond, e incluía un affidávit de Thomas W. Cleland confirmando la supuesta edad de la novia.29 La ceremonia tuvo lugar al atardecer en casa de una tal Mrs. James Yarrington,30 propietaria de la casa de huéspedes en la que Edgar, Virginia y la madre de Virginia, Maria Clemm, residían por entonces.31 Yarrington ayudó a Maria Clemm a hornear el Acta matrimonial de Edgar y Virginia. 32 Puede observarse el affidávit de Cleland en pastel y preparó la cena de la boda. La pareja pasó la parte inferior. después una corta luna de miel en Petersburg.30 Ha habido un apasionado debate en torno a lo inusual de este matrimonio, dadas la diferencia de edad y la relación de consanguinidad existentes entre los esposos. El destacado biógrafo de Poe, Arthur Hobson Quinn, sostiene que no se trataba de algo particularmente infrecuente, como tampoco lo era el que Poe llamase cariñosamente a su esposa «Sissy» o «Sis» (del inglés «sister», «hermana»).33 Otro biógrafo del escritor, Kenneth Silverman, opina que aunque el matrimonio entre primos hermanos no fuese infrecuente, sí lo era la extrema juventud de la novia.27 Se ha sugerido que la relación de Clemm y Poe pudo haber sido más la de dos hermanos que la de dos esposos.1 Algunos estudiosos, entre ellos la psicoanalista Marie Bonaparte, se han aplicado a la lectura en clave autobiográfica de varias obras señaladas de Poe, y han llegado a la conclusión de que Virginia murió virgen34 dado que ella y su marido no consumaron nunca el matrimonio.2 Esta interpretación con frecuencia asume que Virginia es la joven mencionada en el poema Annabel Lee: una «doncella... con el nombre de Annabel Lee».34 El biógrafo de Poe Joseph Wood Krutch sugiere que Poe no necesitaba a las mujeres «del modo en que las necesitan los hombres normales»,35 sino únicamente como fuente de inspiración y de cuidados,36 y que Poe nunca estuvo interesado sexualmente por las mujeres.37 Amigos de Poe han sugerido que la pareja no compartió el lecho durante, al menos, los primeros dos años de matrimonio, pero que, desde el momento en que ella cumplió los 16 años, su vida conyugal fue «normal», hasta la aparición de la enfermedad de Virginia.38 Todas las fuentes coinciden en que Virginia y Edgar formaron una pareja feliz y enamorada.
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