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Converging Broadband Access Networks: Enabling Technologies Converging Broadband Access Networks: Enabling Technologies Gee-Kung Chang Byers Eminent Scholar Chair Professor School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0250 ICCSC, May 27, 2008 Shanghai, China Outline Convergence of Broadband Optical and Wireless Networks Integrated Optical-Wireless Access Systems Optical-Wireless Signal Generation and Transmission Based on OCS Based Intensity Modulation Based on Phase Modulation along with Optical Filtering Simultaneous Multi-band Communication Based on Frequency Quadrupling Wireless over Optical Access Network Architecture Wireless over Optical Applications Research Challenges Conclusions 2 Broadband Networking Trends Emerging Applications • Multi-Channel HDTV Distribution Services • Interactive Multimedia Gaming and Conference • High-Speed (>1Gb/s) and High Mobility Wireless Access Users ≥100Gb/s Internet Access Internet Access First First Metro Long Metro Last Last Meters Miles WAN Haul WAN Miles Meters >1 Gb/s ≥10Gb/s ≥100Gb/s ≥10Gb/s >1 Gb/s Enabling Technologies System Optical Wireless WDM PON WDM PON Optical Wireless 100Gb/s Ethernet TDM PON TDM PON PON: Passive Optical Networks such as FIOS offered by Verizon 3 Broadband Networking Research Issues Enabling Technologies WDM PON 100-Gb/s Ethernet Optical Wireless • 10-Gb/s Colorless Transmitter &Receiver • Optical mm-wave generation • Spectral Efficiency • OFDM modulation • Protection & Restoration • Advanced DQPSK, • Multi-Cast Video Delivery • Multi-band μWave and mm- Polarization-Keying, Wave signal generation OFDM Modulation • Centralized Management • Multi-Gb/s wireless data • ROADM Nodes TDM PON • Wavelength reuse With Flexible WSS •10Gb/s Clock Recovery • Seamless integration with • Burst mode Receiver WDM PON Access • Efficient Transport • Centralized Transmitter protocol & Control • Deliver wired & wireless • MAC Protocol services in a single platform • Cascadability • Dynamic Power Mgmt 4 60-GHz mm-Wave for Wireless Services HD wireless and 60-GHz Bluetooth are coming Space and fixed & mobile apps. Wireless LAN Prohibited Japan Unlicensed E.U. Pt.-to-Pt. Wireless LAN Unlicensed U.S. I S M 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 GHz A license free band near 60GHz has up to 8 GHz antenna resonant bandwidth available for wireless communications. It can provide super broadband wireless data and HD video links at > 1Gb/s. 5 Convergence of Broadband Access Networks 1Mb/s --- 100Mb/s 274 Mb/s 1Gb/s --- 10Gb/s 10-Km 200-Km 200-Km over fiber over air 10-m over air Next Generation Integrated WiFi WiMAX DoD millimeter-waves 2.4GHz (802.11b/g) 2.5, 3.5GHz Ku-band Optical Wireless 5GHz (802.11a) 10, 26GHz 11-18 GHz MVDS MBS Systems 40GHz 60GHz 70-90GHz Wireless MMDS LMDS 2-3GHz 26-29GHz Frequency TDM-PON WDM GPON 2.5Gb/s PON EPON Mobility BPON 1.25Gb/s Copper 622Mb/s Wireline ADSL/ APON Optical Cable 155Mb/s <10Mb/s Time MMDS: multichannel multipoint distribution service, LDMS: local multi-point distribution service MVDS: microwave video distribution system, MBS: mobile broadband system 6 Wireless over Fiber CP: customer premise Mm-wave CP1 Central Optical Fiber Base Office Networks Station CPn Data Convergence of Optical and Wireless Access Networks Bandwidth Coverage 9 >1 Gb/s for both directions 9 Optical fiber links for long distance Mobility Multi-channel Capacity 9 DWDM for architecture design 9 RF wireless for roaming connection 7 Key Technologies for Optical Wireless Systems Data/Video Source Center RF Data/ DWDM Optical/ optical Optical RF Data Optical interface network Interface Users Metro Network Central Office Metro Networks Base Stations Wireless Optical mm-wave Optical networking, Radio air interface Network generation transmission and integration Bidirectional transmission Optical mm-Wave Generation Based on nonlinear effect in HNL-DSF fiber and EAM modulator Based on external intensity and phase modulation SCM + Interleaving Bidirectional Optical Connection Based on different modulation formats SCM + Interleaving 8 Optical Wireless Access Network Architecture WDM Signals From Metro/Access Networks All-optical Up-converter Central Office λ1 ƒbaseband ƒmm-wave λN ƒ ƒ baseband mm-wave Feeder SMF Optical-wireless Networks WDM PON Remote Node λN Antenna λ1 ƒ EA mm-wave PD Filter Home ƒbaseband SOHO Shopping Mall, Conference Center or Airport 9 Super Broadband Optical Wireless Applications Emerging applications requiring super broadband optical-wireless access: • HD wireless distribution • Interactive multimedia events and games • High-speed wireless (>1Gb/s) data access • High mobility communications - base station handoff - vehicle speed, bandwidth, and packet length 10 Spectrum of Optical Wireless Signals 2.5Gbit/s DC: Vπ Optical Wireless MOD Baseband DFB-LD PD RF at 40GHz 20GHz Dual Stage Modulation using Optical carrier suppression There are two components of (dBm) Power electrical signals after all-optical up-conversion: one part occupies the baseband, 0 20 40 60 the other occupies high-frequency Frequency (GHz) band near 40 to 60GHz. 11 Key Technologies for mm-wave Generation External Intensity Modulation with Optical Carrier Suppression 12 Optical Wireless Signal Up-Conversion Based on External Modulation 10 2.5 Gb/s 40GHz 0 B-T-B 40GHz 40GHz DSB -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 2km MZM1 MZM2 Optical power (dBm) -60 -70 DFB LD 1554.0 1554.5 1555.0 1555.5 DC Bias: 0.5Vπ Wavelength (nm) π Shift 2 40GHz 10 40GHz SSB 2.5 Gb/s 0 B-T-B -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 Optical power Optical(dBm) power 40km MZM1 DC: 0.5V -60 DFB LD π -70 1554.0 1554.5 1555.0 1555.5 Dual-arm MZM Wavelength (nm) π Shift 10 B-T-B 40GHz OCS 2.5 Gb/s 20GHz 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 40km MZM1 DC: V Optical power (dBm) -50 DFB LD π -60 Dual –arm MZM 1554.0 1554.5 1555.0 1555.5 Wavelength (nm) DSB: Double sideband; SSB: Single sideband; OCS: Optical carrier suppression 13 32-Channel DWDM ROF Transmission: based on OCS Modulation 1ns/div Base Station Core or Metro network Central Office 10GHz Clock DFB LD 1 Remote Node 2.5 Gb/s π Shift 40km SMF MUX 1:4 40km SMF 20GHz TOF2 BERT EA Mixer EDFA Vπ 50GHz Dual–arm MZM PIN 100ps/div DFB LD 32 Demux AWG 0 -10 (i) (ii) -10 -20 -20 -30 -30 -40 -40 -50 -50 -60 -60 Relative optical power -70 Relative optical power 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 1560 -70 W avelength (nm) 1536 1544 1552 1560 Waveleng th ( nm) J. Yu, Z. Jia, G.K. Chang, Post deadline paper, ECOC 2005, Th4.5.4 14 Transmission of 32-ch x 2.5Gb/s Optical Wireless Signals -34 B-T-B -36 After 40km -38 -40 -42 32 DWDM ROF channels Receiver sensitivity (dBm) Receiver sensitivity -44 1535 1540 1545 1550 1555 1560 W avelength (nm ) Power penalty is less 2dB for all channels. J. Yu, Z. Jia and G. K. Chang, ECOC 2005, Post Deadline, 2005, Th 4.5.4. 15 Key Technologies for mm-wave Generation External Phase Modulation along with Optical Filtering 16 Phase Modulation Based mm-wave Generation 10 0 -1 0 Interleaver -2 0 2.5Gbit/s Signal DFB LD 1 -3 0 -4 0 -5 0 40km SMF power Optical (dBm -6 0 20GHz 1554 1556 1558 1560 10GHz Wavelength (nm) IM (ii) SMF 60GHz MUX 1:4 EDFA PM TOF PIN DFB LD 8 Mixer AWG (i) (iii) 10 -1 0 EA 0 -2 0 -1 0 -3 0 -2 0 BERT -4 0 -3 0 -5 0 -4 0 Optical power (dBm) power Optical -6 0 Optical power (dBm) power Optical -5 0 -6 0 -7 0 1554 1556 1558 1560 1554 1556 1558 1560 W avelength (nm ) W avelength (nm ) 17 Comparison of Up-Conversion Methods Schemes Advantages Disadvantages Cross-phase- Supporting WDM signals; Polarization sensitive; modulation THz mixing bandwidth; Need to optimize the input (XPM) in HNL- power and CSR (Carrier DSF Fiber Suppression Ratio) Direct Modulation The simplest configuration. Limited modulation bandwidth of the laser. External Intensity Easy to integrate with WDM Need a control electrical Modulation PON; High receiver sensitivity circuit to optimize the DC Low spectral occupancy bias. External Phase Supporting WDM signals; Need an optical notch filter. Modulation Simple and stable scheme; High receiver sensitivity. External modulation scheme shows practical advantages in terms of the low cost, simplicity of system configuration, and performance over long-distance transmission. Z. Jia, J. Yu, G. Ellinas, G.-K. Chang, J. Lightwav. Technol., Vol. 25, No. 11, 2007. 18 Key Technologies for mm-wave Generation Multiple Bands Microwave and mm-Wave Generation 19 Multiband RF Signal Generation Data 1 Data 2 0 (ii) 750Mb/s 750Mb/s -20 Microwave 18GHz 6GHz -40 -60 Mixer (dBm) Optical Power Relative -80 1539 1540 1541 1nm Coupler EA 20km O/E SMF-28 12GHz 0.3nm Received power DFB-LD LN-MOD TOF LPF 1nm DC: Vpi IL Data 2 0 (i) 0.3nm EDFA -20 0 -20 (iii) -40 -40 36GHz -60 -60 mm-wave Relative Optical Power (dBm) Power Optical Relative LPF -80 1539 1540 1541 (dBm) Power Optical Relative -80 1539 1540 1541 Wavelength (nm) Wavelength (nm) Data 1 20 Optical Wireless Access Network Architecture Full-Duplex Optical Wireless System Operation with Wavelength Reuse for Upstream Link 21 Full-Duplex Colorless Transmission for Uplink Central Station ƒ ƒ mm-wave mm-wave Base Station (CS) Downlink (BS) Data Antenna Downlink RF data MZM CW OC PIN Duplexer PM SMF DFB LD FBG EA PS Uplink TD ƒcarrier Mixer Interleaver RSOA Data Uplink Uplink Receiver data % At CS, Phase modulation and the subsequent interleaver for optical mm-wave generation. % At BS, FBG is used to reflect the optical carrier while pass the downlink mm-wave signal. % At BS, RSOA performs the function of both amplification and modulation. 22 WDM-PON Compatible with Bi-direction ROF Access OLT in Central Office Optical link BS Downstream WDM PON Data downstream signals RN Low-speed LO Antenna PIN PIN Ch 1 Wireless DFB IM EA SMF Duplexer link Cir CU TL AWG Bi-direction High-speed PIN Ch N DFB IM Cir LPF IL Downstream Upstream SOA+EAM data data WDM PON upstream signals 23 Dual-service Signals Generation and Delivery Simultaneous Generation of Independent Optical and Wireless Signals in the same Access Network 24 Motivation Simultaneous delivery of wired and wireless services Currently, wired and wireless services are separately provided by two independent physical networks.
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