Appendix Ff: Calibration Sections for Rigid Pavements
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Copy No. Guide for Mechanistic-Empirical Design OF NEW AND REHABILITATED PAVEMENT STRUCTURES FINAL DOCUMENT APPENDIX FF: CALIBRATION SECTIONS FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS NCHRP Prepared for National Cooperative Highway Research Program Transportation Research Board National Research Council Submitted by ARA, Inc., ERES Division 505 West University Avenue Champaign, Illinois 61820 August 2003 Acknowledgment of Sponsorship This work was sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration and was conducted in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program which is administered by the Transportation Research Board of the National Research Council. Disclaimer This is the final draft as submitted by the research agency. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the research agency. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board, the National Research Council, the Federal Highway Administration, AASHTO, or the individual States participating in the National Cooperative Highway Research program. Acknowledgements The research team for NCHRP Project 1-37A: Development of the 2002 Guide for the Design of New and Rehabilitated Pavement Structures consisted of Applied Research Associates, Inc., ERES Consultants Division (ARA-ERES) as the prime contractor with Arizona State University (ASU) as the primary subcontractor. Data used in model calibration of the design procedures for new PCC pavements and the rehabilitation of existing pavements (all types) with PCC was assembled at ARA-ERES. The author of Appendix FF is Mr. Leslie Titus-Glover. Dr. Darter provided technical and managerial coordination, monitored progress, set schedules and deadlines, and provided periodic technical review of the assembled data. Mr. Joseph A. Stefanski assisted with the database assembly. Foreword The contents of this appendix are provided in support of PART 3, Chapters 4 and 7 and Appendices JJ – Joint Faulting in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements, KK – Transverse Cracking in Jointed Plain Concrete Pavements, LL – Punchouts in Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavements, and NN – PCC Rehabilitation of Existing Pavements of the Design Guide. It presents a summary of the data used in model calibration of the design procedures for new PCC pavements and the rehabilitation of existing pavements (all types) with PCC. The Design Guide is limited to jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) and continuously reinfornced concrete pavements (CRCP). FF.i APPENDIX FF: CALIBRATION SECTIONS FOR RIGID PAVEMENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION This document presents a summary of the data used in model calibration of the design procedures for new PCC pavements and the rehabilitation of existing pavements (all types) with PCC. The 2002 design guide is limited to jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) and continuously reinfornced concrete pavements (CRCP). Sources of data used for model development, calibration, verification, and validation are summarized in table FF.1. Table FF.1. Data sources for new PCC and rehabilitation with PCC model calibration. Design Type Description Distress Types Data used in Model Calibration Tranverse joint faulting • LTPP GPS-3 JPCP • LTPP SPS-2 Transverse cracking New • FHWA RPPR • LTPP GPS-5 CRCP Punchouts • Engineering/design reports Tranverse joint faulting • LTPP SPS-6 (test sections 0601, 0602, JPCP restoration 0605) Transverse cracking • ACPA diamond grinding JPCP Overlays Tranverse joint faulting Rehabilitation (over all types of • LTPP GPS-9 Transverse cracking existing pavements) CRCP Overlays • LTPP SPS-7 (over all types of Punchouts NCHRP 10-41 existing pavements) • The key inputs required for model calibration are summarized in the next few sections of this appendix. 2.0 DATA REQUIREMENTS FOR MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND CALIBRATION (NEW PCC AND REHABILITATION WITH PCC) A summary of the input data used in model calibration is presented in table FF.2 and are categorized as follows: • General information. • Site/project identification. FF.1 Table FF.2. Inputs data requirements for new PCC and rehabilitation with PCC model calibration. Design Type Existing General Description Variable New New JPCP CRCP JPCP JPCP CRCP Overlays1 Overlays2 Restoration Project name and description 9 9 9 9 9 Design life, years 9 9 9 9 9 Existing pavement construction date 9 9 9 9 9 General information Pavement overlay construction date 9 9 9 9 Pavement restoration construction date 9 Traffic opening date 9 9 9 9 9 Type of rehabilitation strategy 9 9 9 9 Location of the project 9 9 9 9 9 Site/project Project identification 9 9 9 9 9 identification Functional class 9 9 9 9 9 Analysis type (deterministic or probabilistic) 9 9 9 9 9 Analysis parameters Initial smoothness (after rehabilitation) 9 9 9 9 9 Performance criteria 9 9 9 9 9 Hourly profiles of temperature distribution through PCC slab 9 9 9 9 9 FF.2 Hourly temperature and moisture profiles (including frost depth calculations) 9 9 9 9 9 through the other pavement layers Zero stress temperature for JPCP and CRCP 9 9 9 9 9 Monthly or semi-monthly (during frozen or recently frozen periods) Climate3 predictions of layer moduli for asphalt, unbound base/subbase, and subgrade 9 9 9 9 9 layers Mean annual freezing index, number of wet days, number of air freeze-thaw 9 9 9 9 cycles Mean monthly relative humidity. 9 9 9 9 9 AADTT, percent trucks, vehicle speed, and others 9 9 9 9 9 Traffic volume adjustment factors 9 9 9 9 9 Traffic Axle load adjustment factors 9 9 9 9 9 Wheel location, traffic wander, and others 9 9 9 9 9 1. PCC bonded overlays of existing JPCP and JPCP overlays of existing flexible pavements. 2. PCC bonded overlays of existing CRCP and CRCP overlays of existing flexible pavements. 3. Note that the climatic inputs listed are generated using the Enhanced Intergated Climatic Model (EICM). The actual inputs required by EICM are presented later in this appendix. Table FF.2. Inputs data requirements for new PCC and rehabilitation with PCC model calibration, continued. General Description Variable Design Type Existing JPCP CRCP New New JPCP JPCP Overlays1 Overlays2 CRCP Restoration Pavement surface layer (PCC) shortwave absorptivity 9 9 9 9 9 Drainage and surface Potential for infiltration 9 9 9 9 9 properties Pavement cross slope 9 9 9 9 9 Length of drainage path 9 9 9 9 9 Layer number, description, and material type 9 9 9 9 9 Layer thickness 9 9 9 9 9 Elastic modulus 9 9 9 9 9 Layer definition Flexural, compressive, and tensile strength 9 9 9 9 9 and material Ultimate shrinkage 9 9 9 9 9 properties Unit weight, Poisson’s ratio 9 9 9 9 9 Coefficient of thermal expansion 9 9 9 9 9 Thermal conductivity, heat capacity, etc. 9 9 9 9 9 Permanent curl/warp (effective temperature difference) in PCC 9 9 9 9 9 slab due to construction curling and moisture warping FF.3 Transverse joint spacing (average or random) 9 9 9 Transverse joint sealant type 9 9 9 Dowel diameter and spacing 9 9 9 Edge support (tied PCC, widened lane, slab width, etc.) 9 9 9 9 9 Lane-shoulder joint load transfer efficiency (LTE) (for tied PCC 9 9 9 9 9 shoulders) Slab width (for widened slabs) 9 9 9 Design features Number of years after which PCC/base interface is unbonded 9 9 9 Nbond (for JPCP with a stabilized base) Base erodibility index 9 9 9 9 9 Total longitudinal steel cross-sectional area as percent of PCC slab 9 9 cross-sectional area Diameter of longitudinal reinforcing steel 9 9 Depth of steel placement from pavement surface 9 9 PCC slab/base friction coefficient1 9 9 Crack spacing (mean and standard deviation) 9 9 Table FF.2. Inputs data requirements for new PCC and rehabilitation with PCC model calibration, continued. Rehabilitation Type Existing JPCP CRCP General Description Variable New JPCP New CRCP JPCP Overlays1 Overlays2 Restoration Existing distress—percent slabs with transverse cracks plus 9 previously replaced slabs Rehabilitation Percent of slabs with repairs after restoration 9 Foundation support—modulus of subgrade reaction 9 Month modulus of subgrade reaction was measured 9 FF.4 • Analysis parameters. • Traffic. • Climate. • Pavement structure. o Pavement design features. o Drainage and surface properties. o Layer definition and material properties. • Rehabilitation. The remaining sections of this appendix describe all inputs required for the different categories of inputs presented in table FF.2. Appropriate commentary on how they were obtained (i.e., levels 1 through 3 inputs as described throughout the design guide is also presented. Note that a detailed description of input data variables and the three input levels is described in the following sections and in PART 1, Chapter 1 and PART 2, Chapters 1 through 5. 3.0 GENERAL INFORMATION AND SITE/PROJECT IDENTIFICATION General Information Detailed description of the general information required for each test section/project used in model development is described in table FF.3 below. They range in simplicity from project name to new design or rehabilitation with PCC design/strategy type—a key input parameter since most of the subsequent input data depends on it. Level of input is not applicable to general information data. Site/Project Identification Site/project identification inputs identify the following features with regard to the projects used in model development and calibration: • Location of the project. • Project identification – Project ID, Section ID, begin and end mile posts, and traffic direction. • Functional class of the pavement being designed. The choices under this option include the following: o Principal Arterial – Interstate and Defense Route. o Principal Arterials – Others. o Minor Arterials. o Major Collectors. o Minor Collectors. o Local Routes and Streets. Level of input is not applicable to site/project identification input data. FF.5 Table FF.3. Description of the general information required for new PCC and rehabilitation PCC model development.