Les Dynamiques De La Pauvreté Au Sénégal : Pauvreté Chronique, Pauvreté Transitoire Et Vulnérabilités

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Les Dynamiques De La Pauvreté Au Sénégal : Pauvreté Chronique, Pauvreté Transitoire Et Vulnérabilités Ministère de la Famille, des Organisations Féminines et de la Protection de l’Enfance Les Dynamiques de la Pauvreté au Sénégal : Pauvreté chronique, pauvreté transitoire et vulnérabilités Abdou Salam Fall, sociologue, Coordinnateur de la recherche, LARTES-IFAN Philippe Antoine, démographe, IRD-LARTES Rokhaya Cissé, sociologue, LARTES Latif Dramani, statisticien, Université de Thiès-LARTES Mohamadou Sall, démographe-environnementaliste, IPDSR-LARTES Tidiane Ndoye, anthropologue, LARTES Mody Diop, statisticien, LARTES Bakary Doucouré, anthropologue, LARTES Momar Ballé Sylla, statisticien, ANDS Papa Ngom, statisticien, FST, UCAD Abdoulaye Faye, statisticien, LARTES Mai 2011 L’équipe de recherche a été appuyée durant les deux (02) ans que cette étude a duré par différents collaborateurs dont : Pour les enquêtes de terrain : Fatou Kébé Déguène Diouf, Ibrahima Sall, Abdoulaye Yèro Dia Bousso, Mamadou Moustapha Wade, Mamadou Boye Diallo Amsata Niang Papa Amadou Bâ Mamadou Boye Diallo Fatou Diop Djibril Cissé Diédhiou Pour l’administration et les finances M. Mor Guèye, ACP, UCAD Mme Maty Diagne Pour la saisie Mme Ndiaye Moussa Kane M. Grégoire Sagna 2 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... I. PRESENTATION DE LA RECHERCHE « Vulnérabilités et pauvreté chronique au Sénégal » .................................. 6 Abdou Salam FALL, Mouhamadou SALL, Momar Ballé SYLLA ................................................................................................ 6 I.1. La méthodologie de collecte ..................................................................................................................................... 7 Les outils de l’enquête ....................................................................................................................................................................... 7 La méthode d’échantillonnage ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 La saisie des données ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 II. METHODE DE CONSTRUCTION D’UN INDICATEUR DE PAUVRETE MULTIDIMENSIONNEL ........................................................... 15 Latif Armel Guy DRAMANI et Momar Ballé SYLLA ............................................................................................................................ 15 II.1.- L’approche monétaire .............................................................................................................................................................. 15 II.-2 - L'approche non monétaire ...................................................................................................................................................... 16 II.3 - approches non monétaires de la pauvreté .............................................................................................................................. 17 II.3.1. Indicateur composite multidimensionnel de pauvreté non monétaire.................................................................................. 17 II.3.2. Principe de l’Analyse des Correspondances Multiples (ACM) ................................................................................................ 18 II.3.3 Principe de la classification hiérarchique ................................................................................................................................ 18 II.3.4 Indicateur de pauvreté matérielle multidimensionnelle ......................................................................................................... 19 II.2-RESULTATS DE LA MISE EN ŒUVRE DE LA METHODE CI-DESSUS DECRITE ................................................................................ 20 II.2.1 Statistiques sur les variables ................................................................................................................................................... 20 II.2.2 Statistiques descriptives sur les variables servant à construire l’indicateur ........................................................................... 21 II.2.3 Résultats de l’analyse de correspondance multiple ................................................................................................................ 24 III.- ANALYSE DESCRIPTIVE DES MENAGES, Abdoulaye Faye et Mouhamadou Sall .................................................... 26 III.2 - Analyse descriptive des structures familiales ..................................................................................................... 27 III.2-3 Répartition de l’échantillon selon le type de famille ........................................................................ 27 III.2.4 Les liens de parenté ......................................................................................................................... 28 III.2.5 Sexe du chef de ménage .................................................................................................................. 29 III.3- PAUVRETE, VULNERABILITES ET CONDITIONS DE VIE DES MENAGES ................................................................. 30 III.3.1 Pauvreté et milieu de résidence ...................................................................................................... 30 III.4- CONDITION DE VIE DES MENAGES ....................................................................................................................... 31 III.4.1. -Type de ménage selon la classe de pauvreté ................................................................................. 31 III. 4.2 Pauvreté du ménage et insertion de l’enfant dans l’informel ......................................................... 31 III.5. FONCTIONNEMENT DES ECONOMIES DOMESTIQUES ......................................................................................... 32 III.5.1 Participation aux dépenses domestiques ......................................................................................... 32 III.5.2 Participation aux dépenses alimentaires .......................................................................................... 33 III.5.3 Participation aux dépenses en eau ................................................................................................... 34 III.5.4 Participation aux dépenses en santé ................................................................................................ 35 III. 5.5 Participation aux dépenses de scolarisation .................................................................................... 36 IV.- TYPOLOGIE DES MENAGES, LATIF ARMEL GUY DRAMANI ET PAPE NGOM .......................................................... 38 IV.1- Méthodologie de la Typologie ............................................................................................................................. 38 La démarche ............................................................................................................................................... 38 IV.2.- Typologie de la pauvreté .................................................................................................................................... 39 IV.3.- Les caractéristiques des individus aisés ............................................................................................................. 39 IV.4- Les caractéristiques des prés chroniques (très vulnérables) ............................................................................... 40 IV.5.- Les caractéristiques des individus proche de la classe des aisés (vulnérables) .................................................. 40 IV.6.- Les caractéristiques des pauvres chroniques ..................................................................................................... 41 V. TRAJECTOIRES DE PAUVRETE, Philippe ANTOINE .................................................................................................... 43 V.1.- Les approches de la pauvreté ........................................................................................................ 43 V.2.- Les méthodes biographiques ......................................................................................................... 44 3 V.3. - La fiche Ageven ............................................................................................................................. 45 V.4. - Le questionnaire ........................................................................................................................... 47 V.5. Le passage des différents modules à un fichier biographique unique ............................................ 48 V.6- Bâtir un « proxy » de la pauvreté.................................................................................................... 52 V.7- Des classes de pauvreté à la pauvreté chronique ........................................................................... 54 V.7.- Tentative d’analyse biographique ................................................................................................. 65 V.8- Modélisation de la sortie de la pauvreté à 15 ans .......................................................................... 66 V.9. Modélisation de la sortie de la pauvreté à l’issue de la jeunesse (35 ans) ....................................
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