Salam-the physicist
November 21, 2012
Salam-the physicist Modern Physics: 1900-1940s
Black body radiation: 2 dρ ≈ ν dν (Classically) 3 ν dν 0 dρ ≈ (Planck s result) eβν − 1
Energy is quantized! ⇒ Quantum theory
Salam-the physicist Michelson-Morley experiment ⇓ Einsten’s special theory of relativity (1905)
Time dilation, length contraction
Salam-the physicist 2 E = m c
Salam-the physicist Einstein’s general theory of relativity (1915) Gravity is the curvature of spacetime!
Salam-the physicist Electron, Proton, Neutron, Muon, Photon
Electromagnetic force (mediated by photon)
Strong Nuclear force (keeps the protons in the nucleus, thought to be mediated by mesons)
Salam-the physicist Schr¨odinger’s non-relativistic equation to Dirac Equation
2 ∂ψ ~ 2 i~ = − ∇ + V ψ ∂t 2m ↓ ∂ψ i~ = i~ ~α · ∇~ + V ψ ∂t Dirac equation predicted the existence of the antiparticle of electron
Positron was found in 1932
Beginning of Quantum Field Theory (which can deal with arbitrary number of particles and antiparticles at the same time)
Salam-the physicist The theory of light and matter (Photons and electrons/positrons): Quantum Electrodynamics
1 2 L = ψ¯ i6∂ − m ψ − F − eψ¯6A ψ 4 interaction electrons/positrons photons | {z } |{z} | {z }
Salam-the physicist Probability of such processes ∼ ∞
Salam-the physicist p − k
pk p
4 m Σ(p) d k Z k2(k − p)2 Correction to the mass of the electron: m 7→ m + δm Λ2 δm ∼ log 2 m Mass renormalization
mphy = m + δm Breakdown of the theory? Salam-the physicist Renormalization of QED
Freeman Dyson
Salam-the physicist Overlapping divergences
Salam-the physicist PHYSICAL REVIEW VOLUM E 82, NUM B ER 2 APRIL 15. i9$1
Overlapping Divergences anti the S-Matrix
AaDUs SCRAM SI. Jobe's College, Cambridge, England {Received September 29, 1950)
By extending considerations given by Dyson, general rules are obtained for isolating divergent parts from integrals corresponding to overlapping graphs, and a proof is obtained for the appearance of an extra factor ZI I from "b divergences. " In the last section the possibility of renormalization for scalar meson- nucleon interactions is demonstrated.
L INTRODUCTION vertex u or b of Fig. 1. Here N his treatment of spinor electrodynamics Dyson' - ~ has de6ned operators A„, Z*, and II* corresponding Z (W2q p) o dtldtoFo(pi ti)Geo(pq tl) to)Hv(p) to)) (1) to the three types of primitive divergent graphs in the theory. In the calculation of the contribution to F„ where 1 — —o. arising from a reducible vertex part Vg it is possible to iy(p ti) F ti)= —V. break down unambiguously into an irreducible (p Vg tio (p —t,)'+ ~o vertex part plus various inserted self-energy (5) and vertex (V) parts. The divergences introduced by the zy(p ti to)— — latter can be removed in a well-dehned manner because G„„(p,ti, to) = 7„7„,—ti —to)'+ 2 any two of the insertions made in Vz are either com- (p pletely non-overlapping or else are so arranged that one iy(p t ) «—1— is completely contained in the other. This procedure H.(p, to) = fails, however, in the calculation of the contributions (p —to)'+ o' to' to Z* or II* from reducible self-energy graphs. Con- Not only is the double integral over t&t2 linearly diver- sidering, for example, the electron self-energy, there is gent, but it also diverges logarithmically if the integra- just one irreducible graph W, (Fig. 1). V parts inserted tion is performed over either tj or t2, while the other at one of the two end vertices u or b appear simultane- variable is held fixed. In order to isolate these diver- ously as vertex insertions at the other vertex. Corre- gences, we use (here and in the subsequent work) the spondingly, the contribution to Z* arising from a invariant separation procedure outlined in Sec. VI of reducible part 8'g is, in general, an integral which D involves divergences corresponding to each of the ways II. Rewrite as follows: in which 8'z might have been built up by insertion of Eq. (1) V parts at either or both vertices of lV~. Dyson has =o called these "b-divergences" and their expected effect z(Wog p) J J dtldtzLFo(p) tl)Gyo(p) tiq tz)Hy(pq tz) is appearance of an extra factor Zi ' in his Eqs. (88) and (89). In order to demonstrate the possibility of Fo(po ti)Go(p—o ti 0)& (P t) renormalization, it is vital that this factor should appear; and it is the purpose of this paper to attempt a F„(P,ti)G„„(po—, 0, to)P„(po, tz) 7 formal proof. The considerations presented here throw some on the of renormalization for ~' light prospects +e'~ dtiF„(po) ti)G.o(po, ti, 0) I scalar electrodynamics. EJ )
II. SEPARATION OF OVERLAPPING DIVERGENCES ~dt, X( tdta„(p, t,) (+. ( F„(p, t,) ) Dyson' (unpublished) has defined a formal mathe- ) E~ ) matical procedure for the isolation of the divergent t' part from an integral representing overlapping diver- I X dtZG. o(PO& 01& tz)&~(PO& tz) ~& (2) gent graphs. This procedure is illustrated most readily ~ by an example. Figure 2 represents an electron self-energy graph could be obtained the insertion of a V at / which by part / / / / I ' F. Dyson, Phys. Rev. 75, 1736 {1949},referred to as D II, I J. I \ in this paper. o ' The only published calculation for an integral corresponding to an overlapping {fourth order} graph is that of R. Jost and J. M. Luttinger, Helv. Phys. Acta 23, 201 {1949), who have followed Dyson's procedure. FIG. 1. Salam received Cambridge university’s Smith prize
Salam-the physicist Neutrinos and parity violation
1 Neutrinos are spin 2 particles which interact very weakly with other particles They carry no charge and therefore do not feel the electromagnetic force Neutron 7→ Proton + Electron + Neutrino Postulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930
Salam-the physicist Neutrinos were detected in 1956 (Reined and Cowan at Hanford, WA)
Salam-the physicist Parity : (x, y, z) 7→ (−x, −y, −z)
It was believed that fundamental laws are invariant under parity transformation.
Salam-the physicist In 1956 T. D. Lee and C. N. Yang postulated that parity is violated weak interactions (kind of interactions neutrinos were involved in)
Salam-the physicist Around the same time (1956) Salam was also thinking about parity and its possible relation to the masslessness of the neutrino (there was no good reason for the neutrinos to me massless)
In late 1956 he related the masslessness of the neutrino with the parity violation and wrote a preprint on it
Discouraged by Pauli Salam did not publish the result until late 1957.
Salam-the physicist Parity violation was found in beta decay experiments in January 1957.
Salam-the physicist Salam-the physicist
Supersymmetry and superspace
The four fundamental forces: Electromagnetism, Weakforce, Electroweak force Strong force, Gravity | {z }
The theory (theories) that combines Electroweak and the Strong force is called Grand Unified Theory
The theory that combines all four forces is called Theory of Everything
Salam-the physicist We live in a space whihc has three space dimensions and one time dimension. The space dimensions can be rotated into each other
x cosθ sinθ x 7→ y −sinθ cosθ y
Salam-the physicist Even time and spacce can be rotated into each other (special relativity)
ct coshθ sinhθ ct 7→ x sinhθ coshθ x
Time dilation, length contraction and other phenomena which occur at high speed are consequence of such a ”rotation”
Salam-the physicist Supersymmetry suggest that there are other fermionic ”dimensions” which are measured by quantities η1, η2
These mysterious numbers which are coordinates in the fermionic directions have the property:
2 2 η1 = 0 , η2 == 0 η1η2 = −η2η1
Salam-the physicist Supersymmetry is a symmetry which rotates x, y, z, t, η1, η2 into each other
As a consequence of this symmetry particles come in pairs (A, B) 1 such that the spin of the two particle A and B differs by 2 .
Photon has a superpartner photino quarks have squarks electron has selectron
Salam-the physicist With John Strathdee as a collaborator Salam wrote many papers on supersymmetry. A specially influential paper was
”Supersymmetry and Superfields” Fortsch. Phys. 26, 57-142 (1978)
Salam-the physicist
In this paper they developed the idea of a superfield: f (x, y, z, t) 7→ Φ(x, y, z, t, η)= φ0(x, y, z, t)+ η φ1(x, y, z, t)
Salam-the physicist Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
home → abdus salam → bibliography → papers Timeline Bibliography Scientific Writings Books
Biographies
Papers
Speeches
Clippings
Awards
Recollections 1943 A Problem of Ramanujam. Links (Fourth Year Student, Government College, Lahore) . Marie Curie Library Math. Student XI, nos.1-2, 50-51 (1943). ICTP Home
ICTP Portal
1950 Differential Identities in Three-Field Renormalization Problem. Phys. Rev. 79, 910-911 (1950).
1951
Release date: Divergent Integrals in Renormalizable Field Theories. 19 September 2011 Phys. Rev. 84, 426-431 (1951). - Download the promo (mp4) - Overlapping Divergences and the S-matrix. Phys. Rev. 82, 217-227 (1951).
The Renormalization of Meson Theories. (with P.T. Matthews). Rev. Mod. Phys. 23, 311-314 (1951).
1952
The Intermediate Coupling Theory of the Pseudoscalar Meson-Nucleon Interaction. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. 86, 715-726 (1952).
Recent Advances in Nuclear Theory and Experiment. Pak. J. Sci. 4, no.1, 4-10 (1952).
Renormalization of Scalar Electrodynamics Using β-Formalism. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A211, 276-284 (1952).
Renormalized S-Matrix for Scalar Electrodynamics. Phys. Rev. 86, 731-744 (1952).
1953
Cosmological Theory. Pak. J. Sci. 5, no.2, 55-58 (1953).
Covariant Fock Equations. (with P.T. Matthews). Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A221, 128-134 (1953).
The Field Theory of Superconductivity. Progr. Theor. Phys. 9, 550-554 (1953).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Fredholm Solutions of Partial Integral Equations. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 49, 213-217 (1953).
Fredholm Theory of Scattering in a Given Time-Dependent Field. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. 90, 690-695 (1953).
Modified Propagation Functions in Perturbation Theory. Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 49, 638-641 (1953).
1954
The Green's Functions of Quantised Fields. (with P.T. Matthews). Nuovo Cimento ser.9, 12, 563-565 (1954).
Renormalization. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. 94, 185-191 (1954).
1955
The Bound State Representation. (with J. Hamilton). Proc. Cambridge Phil. Soc. 51, 103-112 (1955).
On the Classification of Fundamental Particles. (with J.C. Polkinghorne). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 2, 685-690 (1955).
On the Relativistic Equation for Scattering. (with N. Kemmer). Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A230, 266-271 (1955).
On the Spin of the Θ0- Meson. (with P.T. Matthews). Phil. Mag. 46, 150-154 (1955).
Propagators of Quantized Field. (with P.T. Matthews). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 2, 120-134 (1955).
1956
Dispersion Theory. CERN Symposium on High Energy Accelerators and Pion Physics, Geneva, June 11-23, 1956. High Energy Accelerators and Pion Physics, v.2, 176-183. CERN, Geneva (1956).
Lectures on Dispersion Theory. University of Rochester, New York, Technical Report NYO-7593 (1956).
On Generalised Dispersion Relations. Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 3, 424-429 (1956).
On Generalised Dispersion Relations. II. (with W. Gilbert). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 3, 607-611 (1956).
Opening of the Tait Institute of Mathematical Physics at Edinburgh (15-17 December 1955). Nucl. Phys. 1, 366-378 (1956).
1956 / 1957
The Coupling Constants of Strong Interactions. (with P.T. Matthews). Nucl. Phys. 2, 582-585 (1956/57).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
The Interaction Lagrangian for Fundamental Particles. Nucl. Phys. 2, 173-176 (1956/57).
1957
On Fermi Interactions. Imperial College, London preprint (1957).
On Parity Conservation and Neutrino Mass. Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 5, 299-301 (1957).
On Symmetries in Elementary Particle Interactions. (with B. d'Espagnat and J. Prentki). Nucl. Phys. 3, 446-455 (1957).
1958
Elementary Particles. (Inaugural Lecture as Professor of Mathematics, Imperial College, London, May 14, 1957 ). Pak. J. Sci. 10, no. 2, 57-68 (1958). Contemporary Physics 1, 337-354 (1959/60) - reprinted in: Contemporary Physics 50, no.1, 5-22 (2009), with a commentary by F. Close. Hamdard - Special Issue 10, 21-29 (1966).
An Analysis of the Strong Interaction Data. (with P.T. Matthews). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 7, 789-793 (1958).
Analytic Properties of Expectation Values of Products of Field Operators. University of Rochester, New York Technical Report NYO-8796 (1958).
K-Meson Dispersion Relations. I. Theory. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. 110, 565-568 (1958).
K-Meson Dispersion Relations. II. Applications. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. 110, 569-572 (1958).
On Symmetries of Weak Interactions. (with B. d'Espagnat and J. Prentki). Nucl. Phys. 5, 447-454 (1958).
On the Inter-relation of Scalar and Pseudoscalar Theories. Nucl. Phys. 4, 687-689 (1958).
Relativistic Field Theory of Unstable Particles. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. 112, 283-287 (1958). 8th Rochester International Conference on High Energy Physics, Geneva, June 30-July 5, 1958. High Energy Physics at CERN, 141-144. CERN, Geneva (1958).
1958 / 1959
On the Masses of Elementary Particles. (with J. Tiomno). Nucl. Phys. 9, 585-587 (1958/59).
1959
Evidence for Resonance States in the K - - N System. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. Lett. 2, 226-227 (1959).
The Inelastic Scattering of Elementary Particles. (with P.T. Matthews).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 13, 381-393 (1959).
Relativistic Theory of Unstable Particles. II. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. 115, 1079-1084 (1959).
Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions. (with J.C. Ward). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 11, 568-577 (1959).
1960
D I=½ Rule. (with J.C. Ward). Phys. Rev. Lett. 5, 390 (1960).
An Equivalence Theorem for Partially Gauge-Invariant Vector Meson Interactions. Nucl. Phys. 18, 681-690 (1960).
The Inelastic Scattering of Elementary Particles. II. (with G. Feldman and P.T. Matthews). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 16, 549-555 (1960).
Invariance Properties in Elementary Particle Physics. Summer Institute for Theoretical Physics, Colorado University, Boulder, 1959. Lectures in Theoretical Physics, v.2, 1-30. Interscience Publishers, New York (1960).
On the Possible Existence of Doubly Strange Heavy Mesons. (with J.C. Polkinghorne). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 15, 166-167 (1960).
Renormalization Problem for Vector Meson Theories. (with A. Komar). Nucl. Phys. 21, 624-630 (1960).
1961
Change of Variables and Equivalence Theorems in Quantum Field Theories. (with S. Kamefuchi and L. O’Raifeartaigh). Nucl. Phys. 28, 529-549 (1961).
Diffraction Scattering of Elementary Particles. (with P.T. Matthews). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 21, 126-134 (1961).
Dispersion Relations and Diffraction Scattering. (with P.T. Matthews). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 21, 823-828 (1961).
Isotopic Spin Relations in Hyperon Production. (with J. Tiomno). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 22, 1287-1289 (1961).
Nonleptonic Decay Modes of the Hyperons. (with G. Feldman and P.T. Matthews). Phys. Rev. 121, 302-303 (1961).
On a Gauge Theory of Elementary Interactions. (with J.C. Ward). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 19, 165-170 (1961).
On the Symplectic Symmetry. (with J.C. Ward). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 20, 1228-1230 (1961).
Resonance Effects in Intermediate Boson Theory. (with P.T. Matthews). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 19, 837-839 (1961).
Some Speculations on the New Resonances. Rev. Mod. Phys. 33, 426-430 (1961).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Vector Field Associated with the Unitary Theory of the Sakata Model. (with J.C. Ward). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 20, 419-421 (1961).
1962
Broken Symmetries. (with S. Weinberg and J. Goldstone). Phys. Rev. 127, 965-970 (1962). Group Theoretical Concepts and Methods in Elementary Particle Physics, 359-364. Gordon and Breach, New York (1964).
Elementary Particle Resonances. Proc. Phys. Soc. 80, 13-27 (1962).
Lagrangian Theory of Composite Particles. Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 25, 224-227 (1962).
Renormalizability of Gauge Theories. Phys. Rev. 127, 331-334 (1962).
Some Consequences of the Unitary Symmetry. Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 23, 455-457 (1962).
Unitary Symmetry. (with P.T. Matthews). Proc. Phys. Soc. 80, 28-38 (1962).
1963
The Formalism of Lie Groups. Seminar on Theoretical Physics, Trieste, July 16-Aug.25, 1962, 173-196. IAEA, Vienna (1963).
Renormalizable Electrodynamics of Vector Mesons. Phys. Rev. 130, 1287-1290 (1963).
1964
Developments in Renormalization Theory. Conference on the Theory and Applications of Analysis in Function Space, Dedham, MA, June 9-13, 1963. Analysis in Function Space, 121-128. MIT Press, Cambridge (1964).
Electromagnetic and Weak Interactions. (with J.C. Ward). Phys. Lett. 13, 168-171 (1964).
Gauge Theory of Elementary Interactions. (with J.C. Ward). Phys. Rev. B136, 763-768 (1964).
0 0 K1 - K2 Transition in a Coulomb Field. (with P.T. Matthews). Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 32, 778 (1964).
On the Algebra of SU6. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/64/6. Phys. Lett. 13, 354-355 (1964).
A Remarkable Representation of the Weak and Electromagnetic Lagrangian. (with P.T. Matthews). Phys. Lett. 8, 357-358 (1964).
Renormalizable Electrodynamics of Scalar and Vector Mesons. II. (with R. Delbourgo). Phys. Rev. B135, 1398-1427 (1964).
Summary of Conference Results. International Conference on Nucleon Structure, Stanford, June 24-27, 1963, 397-414. Stanford
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
University Press (1964).
Universal Weak Interaction Lagrangian. Phys. Lett. 8, 216-217 (1964).
1965
The Covariant Theory of Strong Interaction Symmetries. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/1 entitled: Ũ(12) and the Baryon Form Factor. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A284, 146-158 (1965).
The Covariant Theory of Strong Interaction Symmetries. II. (with R. Delbourgo, M.A. Rashid and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/10. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A285, 312-318 (1965).
P and C Properties of the Ũ(12) Multiplets. (with J.M. Charap, P.T. Matthews and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/11. Phys. Lett. 15, 184-185 (1965).
Relativistic Extension of Non-Compact Symmetry Groups. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/72. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A289, 177-191 (1965).
Relativistic Structure of SU(6). (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/64/7. Phys. Rev. B138, 420-423 (1965).
Ũ(12) and Broken SU(6) Symmetry. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/64/11. Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 36, 689-692 (1965).
The Ũ(12) Symmetry. (with R. Delbourgo, M.A. Rashid and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/57. Seminar on High-Energy Physics and Elementary Particles, Trieste, May 3-June 30, 1965. High Energy Physics and Elementary Particles, 455-532. IAEA, Vienna (1965).
1966
Magnetic Monopole and Two Photon Theories of C-Violation. Phys. Lett. 22, 683-684 (1966) .
Multiple Field Relations. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/66/85. Phys. Lett. 22, 680-683 (1966).
On the Coupling of Non-Compact Group Representations. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/79. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A292, 314-321 (1966).
On the Dynamical Origin of SU(6). (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/66/41. Phys. Lett. 21, 455-457 (1966).
A Relativistic U(6,6) Theory. (with J. Strathdee.) ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/66/5. Phys. Rev. 148, 1352-1358 (1966).
The Role of Symmetry Physics - Some Conclusions from the Oxford Conference -
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
September 1965. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/76. 3rd European Physical Society Biennial Conference on Elementary Particles, Oxford, Sept. 19-25, 1965, 241-253. Rutherford High Energy Laboratory, Chilton, Berkshire (1966).
Rola Fizyki Symetrii. Polish version of ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/76 entitled: The Role of Symmetry Physics: Some Conclusions from the Oxford Conference, September 1965. Postepy Fizyki, 17, 167-184 (1966).
Symmetry of Strong Interactions. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/64/1 entitled: Symmetries of Strong Interactions . Joint Institute for Nuclear Research preprint [JINR] E-1794. 12th Rochester International Conference on High Energy Physics, Dubna, Aug. 5-15, 1964. High Energy Physics, 799-812. Atomizdat, Moscow (1966).
Theory of Groups and the Symmetry Physicist. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/70. Journal London Math. Soc. 41, 49-62 (1966).
Teoria Grup a Symetria w Fizyce. Polish version of ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/65/70 entitled: Theory of Groups and the Symmetry Physicist. Postepy Fizyki 17, 151-165 (1966).
1967
Bound-State Equation for Quark-Antiquark Systems. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/66/60. Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 50, 193-210 (1967).
A Convergent Field Theory. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/67/5. Phys. Lett. 24B, 622 (1967).
Green's Functions for Regge Trajectories. (with R. Delbourgo, M.A. Rashid and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/67/63. Phys. Lett. 25B, 475-476 (1967).
Harmonic Analysis in Terms of the Homogeneous Lorentz Group. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/67/7. Phys. Lett. 25B, 230-232 (1967).
Partial Wave Analysis. I. (with J. Strathdee, J.F. Boyce and R. Delbourgo). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/67/9.
Partial-Wave Analysis in Terms of the Homogeneous Lorentz Group. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/67/21. Phys. Rev. 164, 1981-1990 (1967).
Reggeization of Internal Symmetries. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/67/39. Phys. Rev. Lett. 19, 339-343 (1967).
Reggeization of Internal Symmetries. II. (with R. Delbourgo, M.A. Rashid and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/67/21.
Stress Tensor and the 2+ Mesons. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/66/115. Nuovo Cimento ser.10, 49, 593-605 (1967).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
1968
On the Zero Energy Behaviour of Regge Poles and Residues. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum) IC/68/31. Nobel Symposium 8, Aspenasgarden, Sweden, July 19-25, 1968. Elementary Particle Theory: Relativistic Groups and Analyticity, 59-103. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm (1968).
Reggeization of Quark Number. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/68/14. Phys. Rev. 172, 1727-1736 (1968).
Reggeization of U(6) × U(6). (with R. Delbourgo, M.A. Rashid and J. Strathdee). Phys. Rev. 170, 1477-1489 (1968).
Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions. Nobel Symposium 8, Aspenasgarden, Sweden, July 19-25, 1968. Elementary Particle Theory: Relativistic Groups and Analyticity, 367-377. Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm (1968).
1969
Analysis of Charge Exchange Meson-Baryon Reactions from Reggeized Supermultiplet Theory. (with R. Delbourgo). Phys. Lett. 28B, 497-500 (1969).
Finite-Component Field Representations of the Conformal Group. (with G. Mack). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/68/68. Ann. Phys. (NY) 53, 174-202 (1969).
Fundamental Theory of Matter: A Survey of Results and Methods. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/68/87. International Symposium on Contemporary Physics, STI-PUB-214, Trieste, June 7-28, 1968. Contemporary Physics, v.2, 3-58, IAEA, Vienna (1969).
Infinities in Einstein's Gravitational Theory. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/69/28.
Infinities of Nonlinear and Lagrangian Theories. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/69/17 entitled: Infinities of Nonlinear and Vector Meson Lagrangian Theories. Phys. Rev. 187, 1999-2007 (1969).
Nonlinear Realizations. I. The Role of Goldstone Bosons. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/68/105. Phys. Rev. 184, 1750-1759 (1969).
Nonlinear Realizations. II. Conformal Symmetry. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/68/107. Phys. Rev. 184, 1760-1768 (1969).
Reggeization in Supermultiplet Theories. (with R. Delbourgo). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/69/1. Phys. Rev. 186, 1516-1528 (1969).
Self-Momentum in Chiral and Gravitational Theories. (with R. Delbourgo, A.P. Hunt and Q. Shafi). Imperial College, London preprint ICTP/69/15.
Suppression of Infinities in Einstein's Gravitational Theory. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Nuovo Cimento Lettere ser.1, 2, 354-359 (1969).
A Yang-Mills Gauge Theory of Supermultiplets. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). Imperial College, London preprint ICTP/68/5. Problems of Theoretical Physics: Essays Dedicated to Nikolaj N. Bogolyubov on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday, 247-256. Publishing House, Moscow (1969).
1970
Broken Chiral and Conformal Symmetry in an Effective-Lagrangian Formalism. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/17. Phys. Rev. D2, 685-690 (1970).
Equivalent Formulations of Massive Vector Field Theories. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/70/8. Phys. Rev. D2, 2869-2876 (1970).
Momentum-Space Behavior of Integrals in Nonpolynomial Lagrangian Theories. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/69/120. Phys. Rev. D1, 3296-3312 (1970).
Non-Polynomial Interactions and the K-Matrix. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/12.
Non-Polynomial Lagrangian Theories. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/7. Acta Physica Austriaca Supp. VII, 1-31 (1970). Coral Gables Conference 7, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, Jan. 21-23, 1970. Fundamental Interactions at High Energy II, 221-253. Gordon and Breach, New York (1970). Internationale Universitatswochen fur Kernphysik 9, Schladming, Austria, Feb. 23-Mar. 7, 1970. Developments in High Energy Physics, 1-31. Springer Verlag, Vienna (1970).
On Renormalization Constants and Inter-Relation of Fundamental Forces. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/106. 15th International Rochester Conference on High Energy Physics, Kiev, Aug. 26-Sept. 4, 1970. Fundamental Problems of the Elementary Particle Theory, 15-40. Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, Inst. for Theor. Phys., Kiev (1970). 15th International Rochester Conference on High Energy Physics, Kiev, Aug. 26-Sept. 4, 1970. High Energy Physics - 1970, Preliminary Papers, 803-826. JINR, Dubna (1970).
Quantum Gravity and Infinities in Quantum Electrodynamics. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/38. Nuovo Cimento Lettere ser.1, 4, 101-108 (1970).
Spontaneous Breakdown of Conformal Symmetry. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/3. Phys. Lett. 31B, 300-302 (1970).
1971
Computation of Renormalization Constants. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/71/3. Coral Gables Conference on Fundamental Interactions at High Energy, Coral Gables, Jan.20-22, 1971. Nonpolynomial Lagrangians, Renormalisation and Gravity, 3-41. Gordon and Breach, New York (1971).
f-Dominance of Gravity. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/108. Phys. Rev. D3, 867-873 (1971).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Finite Field Theories. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/71/108. 2nd APS/DPF Meeting, Rochester, New York, Aug. 30-Sept. 2, 1971. Particles and Fields - 1971, 259-274. American Institute of Physics, New York (1971).
Gauge-Invariant Infinity Suppression in Gravity-Modified Quantum Electrodynamics. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum) IC/71/13. Phys. Lett. 35B, 585-588 (1971).
Infinity Suppression in Gravity-Modified Quantum Electrodynamics. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/131. Phys. Rev. D3, 1805-1817 (1971).
Nonlinear Realizations of Space-Time Symmetries. Scalar and Tensor Gravity. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/70/5 entitled: Nonlinear Realizations. Space-Time Symmetries . Ann. Phys. (NY) 62, 98-119 (1971).
Renormalization of Rational Lagrangians. (with R. Delbourgo and K. Koller). Imperial College, London preprint ICTP/69/10. Ann. Phys. (NY) 66, 1-19 (1971).
s-Channel Helicity Conservation and the Stress-Tensor. (with H.F. Jones). Phys. Lett. 34B, 149-151 (1971).
Symmetry Concepts and the Fundamental Theory of Matter. Karachi Univ. J. Sci. 1, 1-15 (1971). Scientific Thought: Some Underlying Concepts, Methods and Procedures, 69-87. UNESCO, Paris (1972).
1972
CP-Violating Gauge Interactions. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/72/44. Nuovo Cimento Lettere ser.2, 4, 678-680 (1972).
The Gravitational Correction to PCAC. (with R. Delbourgo). Imperial College, London preprint ICTP/71/24. Phys. Lett. 40B, 381-382 (1972).
Gravitational Ward Identities. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/71/1. Problems of Theoretical Physics: in Commemoration of I.E. Tamm, 115-118. Nauka, Moscow (1972).
Infinity Suppression in Gravity-Modified Electrodynamics. II. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/71/14. Phys. Rev. D5, 2548-2565 (1972).
Nonpolynomial Lagrangians, Infinities and Gravity Theory. International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi", Varenna, Aug. 2-14, 1971. Developments in High Energy Physics, 386-422. Academic Press, New York (1972).
The Path-Integral Quantization of Gravity. (To commemorate P.A.M. Dirac’s 70 th Birthday.) (with J. Strathdee). Aspects of Quantum Theory, 249-268. Cambridge University Press (1972).
PCAC Anomalies and Gravitation. (with R. Delbourgo). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/72/86.
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
A Renormalizable Gauge Model of Lepton Interactions. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/71/145. Nuovo Cimento ser.11, 11A, 397-435 (1972).
SL(6,C) Gauge Invariance of Einstein-Like Lagrangians. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/72/123. Nuovo Cimento Lettere ser.2, 5, 969-972 (1972).
1973
Breaking of Conformal Symmetry and Renormalization of Non-Polynomial Theories. University of Texas, Austin preprint ORO-3992-9, UT-26-0823-9 (1970). Symposium on The Past Decade in Particle Theory, Austin, Apr. 14-17, 1970, 1-32. Gordon and Breach, London (1973).
Inconsistency of a Class of Gauge Theories Based on Han-Nambu-Like Quarks. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/73/81.
The Influence of f Gravity on Gravitational Collapse. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/50. Nature Physical Science 244, 82-84 (1973).
Is Baryon Number Conserved? (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/85. Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 661-664 (1973).
Is Quantum Gravity Ambiguity-Free? (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/73. Phys. Lett. 46B, 407-411 (1973).
The Mass Matrix for a Leptonic U(3) Model. (with R. Delbourgo). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/1.
On SL(6,C) Gauge Invariance. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/28. Coral Gables Conference 10, Coral Gables, Florida, Jan. 22-26, 1973. Fundamental Interactions in Physics, 55-82. Plenum Press, New York (1973).
Progress in Renormalization Theory Since 1949. Lecture at Dirac's 70 th Birthday Celebration, September 1972. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/2. The Physicist’s Conception of Nature, 430-446. Reidel Publ., Dordrecht (1973).
The 2+ Nonet as Gauge Particles for SL(6,C) Symmetry. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/72/155. Phys. Rev. D8, 2600-2609 (1973).
A U(3) Nonet Scheme for Leptons. (with J.C. Pati). Phys. Lett. 43B, 311-313 (1973).
Unified Lepton-Hadron Symmetry and a Gauge Theory of the Basic Interactions. (with J.C. Pati). Phys. Rev. D8, 1240-1251 (1973).
Vector and Tensor Gauge Particles in SL(6,C) Theory. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/73/22. A Festschrift for I.I. Rabi. New York Academy of Sciences, New York (1977).
Wilson Operator Products in Non-Linearly Realized Theories. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/54. Nuovo Cimento Lettere ser.2, 7, 902-904 (1973).
1974
Are There Anomalous Lepton-Hadron Interactions? (with J.C. Pati). University of Maryland preprint 74-069. Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 1083-1086 (1974).
Comment on the Computation of Effective Potentials. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/73/41. Phys. Rev. D9, 1129-1131 (1974).
Coupling Constants are not Arbitrary in Asymptotically Free Theories. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/176. Nuovo Cimento Lettere 9, 464-466 (1974).
An f-g Version of the SL(6,C) Gauge Theory. (with C.J. Isham and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/73/53. Phys. Rev. D9, 1702-1705 (1974).
Lepton Number as the Fourth Colour. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/7. Phys. Rev. D10, 275-289 (1974).
On Goldstone Fermions. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/17. Phys. Lett. 49B, 465-467 (1974).
Scalar Multiplets and Asymptotic Freedom. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). Imperial College, London preprint ICTP/73/29. Nuovo Cimento ser.11, A23, 237-256 (1974).
Strong Interactions, Gravitation and Cosmology. NATO Advanced Study Institute, Erice, June 16-July 6, 1972. High Energy Astrophysics and its Relation to Elementary Particle Physics, 441-452. MIT Press, Cambridge (1974).
Sum Rules in Asymptotically Free Theories. (with J. Strathdee). Nuovo Cimento Lettere ser.2, 10, 113-114 (1974).
Super-Gauge Transformations. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/11. Nucl. Phys. B76, 477-482 (1974).
Super-Symmetric V-A Gauges and Fermion Number. (with R. Delbourgo and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/45. Phys. Lett. 51B, 475-478 (1974).
Super-Symmetry and Non-Abelian Gauges. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/36. Phys. Lett. 51B, 353-355 (1974).
Transition to CP Conservation and Zero Cabibbo Angle in Strong Magnetic Fields. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/133. Nature 252, 569-571 (1974).
Unitary Representations of Super-Gauge Symmetries. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/16.
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Nucl. Phys. B80, 499-505 (1974).
1975
Anomalous Lepton-Hadron Interactions and Gauge Models. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum) IC/74/81. Phys. Rev. D11, 1137-1154 (1975).
Are Leptons Really Different from Hadrons? ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/87. The International School of Physics "Ettore Majorana", Erice, July 14-31, 1974. Lepton and Hadron Structure, 2-19. Academic Press, New York (1975).
Are Quarks Composite? (with J.C. Pati and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/75/139. Phys. Lett. 59B, 265-268 (1975).
Are the New Particles Color Gluons? (with J.C. Pati). University of Maryland Technical Report 74-045. Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 613-616 (1975).
Color and Charm for the y-Particles. (with J.C. Pati). University of Maryland Technical Report 75-056.
Feynman Rules for Superfields. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/85. Nucl. Phys. B86, 142-152 (1975).
Impact of Quantum Gravity Theory on Particle Physics. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/55. Proceedings of Symposium held in Chilton, Didcot, Berkshire, Feb. 15-16, 1974. Quantum gravity: an Oxford symposium, 500-537. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1975).
Intensity-Dependent Mass Shift and Symmetry Breaking. (with T.W.B. Kibble and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/75/57. Nucl. Phys. B96, 255-263 (1975).
Mirror Fermions, J/ψ Particles, Kolar-Mine Events and Neutrino Anomaly. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/75/73. Phys. Lett. 58B, 333-337 (1975).
On Fermion Number and its Conservation. (with J.C. Pati and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/74/121. Nuovo Cimento ser.11, 26A, 72-83 (1975).
Superfields and Fermi-Bose Symmetry. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/42. Phys. Rev. D11, 1521-1535 (1975).
The Stueckelberg Formalism for Spin Two. with R. Delbourgo. Nuovo Cimento Lettere ser.2, 12, 297-299 (1975).
SU(6) and Supersymmetry. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/74/80. Nucl. Phys. B84, 127-131 (1975).
A Supersymmetric Gluon Model. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/75/42.
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Nucl. Phys. B93, 23-28 (1975).
Supersymmetry and Fermion-Number Conservation. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/126. Nucl. Phys. B87, 85-92 (1975).
Supersymmetry, Parity and Fermion-Number Conservation. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/75/49. Nucl. Phys. B97, 293-316 (1975).
A Theorem Concerning Goldstone Fermions. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/75/38. Lett. Math. Phys. 1, 3-6 (1975).
Transition Electromagnetic Fields in Particle Physics. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/74/140. Nucl. Phys. B90, 203-220 (1975).
Unification of Fundamental Forces and Elementary Particle Physics. First Scientific Conference, Baghdad, Iraq, April 1975, 3-8. Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission, Baghdad (1975).
1976
Are SLAC μe Events Decay Products of Unconfined Integer-Charge Quarks? (with J.C. Pati and S. Sakakibara). University of Maryland Technical Report 76-084. University of Maryland Physics Publication 76-143. Orbis Scientiae 3, Coral Gables, Florida, Jan. 19-22, 1976. New pathways in high-energy physics, 315-327. Plenum Press, New York (1976). Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 1229-1233 (1976).
Black Holes as Solitons. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/76/9. Phys. Lett. 61B, 375-376 (1976).
"Color" as a Classification Symmetry and Quark charges. (with R.N. Mohapatra and J.C. Pati). City College of City University of New York preprint CCNY-HEP 75/6. Phys. Rev. D13, 1733-1743 (1976).
Mass Problem for Tensor Mesons. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/76/13. Phys. Rev. D14, 2830-2832 (1976).
A Massless Non-Goldstone Neutrino in a Supersymmetric Model. (with D.M. Capper and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/76/6. Nucl. Phys. B107, 137-145 (1976).
New Sources of Multi-Leptons ℓn and ℓ –/ ℓ + Ratio in NN Collisions. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/76/63.
Quarks, Leptons and Pre-Quarks. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/75/106. EPS International Conference on High Energy Physics, Palermo, June 23-28, 1975. High Energy Physics, 154-170. Editrice Compositori, Bologna (1976).
Quarks and Leptons Come Out to Play. New Sci. 72, 650-652 (1976).
Symmetry, Order and Symmetry Restoration.
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
(with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/76/62. Summer Study Meeting on Kaon Physics and Facilities, Brookhaven, New York, June 1-5, 1976, 45- 94. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York (1976).
Why Color Fails to Show in Electroproduction and Neutrino Scattering Experiments. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/75/95. Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 11-14 (1976).
1977
Charged Spin-1 Gluons, Parton Model and the Archimedes Effect. (with V. Elias, J.C. Pati and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/76/117. Pramana 8, 303-308 (1977).
Class of Solutions for the Strong-Gravity Equations. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum) IC/76/125. Phys. Rev. D16, 2668-2672 (1977).
Design of Future Experiments: I - To Distinguish Between the Alternatives of Physical and Hidden Colour. II - To Test if the Neutral Gauge Boson Lies in the Vicinity of PETRA-PEP Region. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum) IC/77/65.
Dilepton Production in PP and `PP Collisions as a Probe to the Nature of the Neutral Current Interaction. (with H.S. Mani, J.C. Pati and S. Rajpoot). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/77/88. Phys. Lett. 72B, 75-79 (1977).
Gauge Unification of Basic Forces Particularly of Gravitation with Strong Interactions. ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus errata and addendum) IC/77/6. Lecture at R.E. Marshak's 60 th Birthday Celebrations, New York, Jan. 21-22, 1977. Annals N.Y. Acad. Sci. 294, 12-36 (1977).
Gauge Unification of the Four Fundamental Forces. Proceedings of the European Physical Society Biennial Conference 9, Budapest, July 4-9, 1977. Particle Physics, 1187-1207. Central Research Institute of Physics, Budapest (1977). 2nd International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs, Nathiagali, June 20-July 7, 1977. Physics of Contemporary Needs, v.2, 419-456. Plenum Press, New York (1978).
Hadronic Temperature and Black Solitons. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/76/107. Phys. Lett. 66B, 143-146 (1977).
Lepton-Hadron Unification. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/76/76. International Neutrino Conference, Aachen, Germany, Jun. 8-12, 1976. Neutrino '76, 589-629. Braunschweig, Vieweg (1977).
Natural Left-Right Symmetry, Atomic Parity Experiments and Asymmetries in High Energy e+e- Collisions in PETRA and PEP Regions. (with J.C. Pati and S. Rajpoot). Imperial College, London preprint ICTP/76/15. Phys. Lett. 71B, 387-391 (1977).
Nucleon Dissociation and Quark and Gluon Decays as New Sources of Multi lepton Events. (with J.C. Pati). Phys. Rev. D15, 1406-1411 (1977).
Probing into the Heart of Matter. 1st International Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs, Nathiagali, Aug. 2-20, 1976.
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Physics of Contemporary Needs, v.1, 301-319. Plenum Press, New York (1977).
Probing the Heart of Matter. The Encyclopaedia of Ignorance 155-157. Pergamon Press, Oxford (1977).
A Steeply-Rising Potential in Tensor Gauge Theory. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum) IC/77/20. Phys. Lett. 67B, 429-431 (1977).
The Unconfined Quarks and Gluons. 18th Rochester Conference, Tbilisi, July 15-21, 1976. High Energy Physics, N91-N99. JINR, Dubna (1977).
The Unconfined Unstable Quark (Predictions from a Unified Gauge Theory of Strong, Weak and Electromagnetic Interactions). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/76/21. Lecture presented at CERN Colloquium, Feb. 25, 1976. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A355, 515-538 (1977). Also publ. in: The Unconfined Unstable Quark I in Comments Nucl. Part. Phys. 6, 183-192 (1976). Also publ. in: The Unconfined Unstable Quark II in Comments Nucl. Part. Phys. 7, 1-15 (1977).
1978
Aiding Physicists in Developing Countries. Phys. Today 31, 112 (1978). Found. Phys. 9, 955-956 (1979).
Classical Confining Solutions of a Tensor Gauge Theory Incorporating Color. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/77/30. Phys. Rev. D18, 1323-1326 (1978).
Confinement Through Tensor Gauge Fields. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/77/153. Phys. Rev. D18, 4596-4609 (1978).
Evidence for Leptonic Colour? (with J.C. Pati, S. Rajpoot and J. Strathdee). Nature 273, 736-738 (1978).
Higgs Couplings and Asymptotic Freedom. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum by V. Elias and A. Salam, 21 June 1979) IC/78/44. Phys. Rev. D18, 4713-4720 (1978).
Liberated Quarks and Gluons in e- e+ Jets and Beam-Dump Experiments. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/78/54. Nucl. Phys. B144, 445-461 (1978).
Light Neutral Z0-Boson in the PETRA and PEP Energy Range within the Unifying Symmetry [SU(4)]4. (with V. Elias and J.C. Pati). Phys. Lett. 73B, 451-456 (1978).
"Naturalness" of Atomic Parity Conservation within Left-Right Symmetric Unified Theories. (with H.S. Mani and J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/77/80. Phys. Rev. D17, 2510-2514 (1978).
Neutral-Current Phenomena Within the Left-Right-Symmetric Unified Theory of Quarks and Leptons. (with J.C. Pati and S. Rajpoot). Imperial College, London preprint ICTP/76/11. Phys. Rev. D17, 131-150 (1978).
Remarks on High-Energy Stability and Renormalizability of Gravity Theory.
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
(with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum) IC/78/12. Phys. Rev. D18, 4480-4485 (1978).
Strong Gravity and Supersymmetry. (with A.H. Chamseddine and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/77/148. Nucl. Phys. B136, 248-258 (1978).
Supersymmetry and Superfields. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/76/12. Fortsch. Phys. 26, 57-142 (1978).
Unification of the Basic Particle Forces at a Mass-Scale of Order 1000 mw. (with V. Elias and J.C. Pati). University of Maryland technical report 78-041 (1977). University of Maryland physics publication 78-101 (1977). Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 920-923 (1978).
1979
Aspects of Particle Physics. Seoul Symposium on Elementary Particle Physics, Seoul, 1978. Elementary Particle Physics, 5-67. National University, Seoul (1979).
The Electroweak Force, Grand Unification and Superunification. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/78/137. Physica Scripta 20, 216-226 (1979).
A Gauge Appreciation of Developments in Particle Physics - 1979. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/79/142. EPS Conference on High-Energy Physics, Geneva, June 27-July 4, 1979. High energy physics, v.2, 853-890. CERN, Geneva (1979).
Non-Metrical Supergravity for a Spin-Two Nonet. (with N.S. Baaklini). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/79/4. Nucl. Phys. B153, 237-243 (1979).
On the Effect of Scalar Partons at Short Distances in Unified Theories With Spontaneously Broken Colour Symmetry. (with N.S. Craigie). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/79/46. Phys. Lett. 85B, 57-62 (1979).
Signatures for Axial Chromodynamics. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/78/88. Nucl. Phys. B150, 76-86 (1979).
Unification, Superunification and New Theoretical Ideas. 19th Rochester Conference, Tokyo, Aug. 23-30, 1978. High Energy Physics, 933-957. Physical Society of Japan, Tokyo (1979).
1980
2 Dynamical Mass Generation in (UL(1) × UR(1)) . (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/80/95.
Fermion Masses and the Gauge Hierarchy Problem. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/80/67.
Gauge Unification of Fundamental Forces. Nobel Lecture 1979. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/80/28.
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Rev. Mod. Phys. 52, 525-538 (1980). Science 210, 723-732 (1980). Les Prix Nobel en 1979, 73-102. The Nobel Foundation, Stockholm (1980).
Induced Higgs Couplings and Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking. (with V. Elias). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/80/32. Phys. Rev. D22, 1469-1472 (1980).
On Witten's Charge Formula. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/80/94. Lett. Math. Phys. 4, 505-508 (1980).
Pre-Quarks and Fractional Charges. (with J.C. Pati and S. Rajpoot). J. Phys. A13, 2509-2512 (1980).
Quark-Lepton Unification and Proton Decay. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/80/72. Workshop on Grand Unification, Durham, Apr. 10-12, 1980. Grand Unification, 115-148. MATH SCI Press, Brookline (1980).
1981
The Nature of the "Ultimate" Explanation in Physics. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/80/39. Herbert Spencer lectures, Oxford, Nov. 12, 1979. Scientific Explanation, 28-35. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1981).
On the Montonen-Olive Conjecture. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/81/81.
A Preon Model with Hidden Electric and Magnetic Type Charges. (with J.C. Pati and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/80/180. Nucl. Phys. B185, 416-428 (1981).
Probings Through Proton Decay and n-n Oscillations. (with J.C. Pati and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/80/183. Nucl. Phys. B185, 445-472 (1981).
Unification of the Forces. The Nature of Matter: Wolfson College Lectures, Oxford 1980, 104-125. Clarendon Press, Oxford (1981).
1982
Can SU(16) Be Ruled Out by Low Energy Experiments? (with J.C. Pati and J. Strathdee). University of Maryland Physics Publication 82-061. Phys. Lett. 108B, 121-126 (1982).
Developments in Fundamental Physics. ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/81/223. 5th General Conference of the European Physical Society, Istanbul, Sept. 7-11, 1981. Trends in Physics, 225-238. Central Institute of Physics, Bucharest (1982).
Gauge Interactions, Elementarity and Superunification. (Address to the Royal Society Conference on Gauge Theories of the Fundamental Interactions, London, Apr. 29-30, 1981.) ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/81/61. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London 304, 135-153 (1982).
The Impending Demise of High Energy Accelerators. 21st Rochester Conference, Paris, July 26-31, 1982. Journal de Physique 43 C-3, 607-610 (1982).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Maximal Extended Supergravity Theory in Seven Dimensions. (with E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/82/94. Phys. Lett. 118B, 359-364 (1982).
On Kaluza-Klein Theory. (with J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/81/211. Ann. Phys. (NY) 141, 316-352 (1982).
Physics with 100-1000 TeV Accelerators. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/82/215.
Proton-Decay as a Window on Highest Energy Physics. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/81/135. PS Conference on High Energy Physics, Lisbon, July 9-15, 1981. Proton Decay Session, 11-16. European Physical Society, Lisbon (1982).
Supersymmetric Field Theory of Monopoles. (with J. Strathdee and C. Panagiotakopoulos). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/82/28. Phys. Lett. 115B, 29-32 (1982).
1983
Compactification of Supergravity Plus Yang-Mills in Ten Dimensions. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/83/7. Phys. Lett. 124B, 349-352 (1983).
– + – + – + – + ΔB = –ΔL, Neutron → e π , e K , μ π and μ K Decay Modes in SU(2)L × SU(2)R × SU(4) col or SO(10). (with J.C. Pati and U. Sarkar). University of Maryland Technical Report 84-044. Phys. Lett. 133B, 330-336 (1983).
Finiteness of Broken N=4 Super Yang-Mills Theory. (with M.A. Namazie and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint (plus addendum) IC/82/230. Phys. Rev. D28, 1481-1490 (1983).
Instability of Higher Dimensional Yang-Mills Systems. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/83/6. Phys. Lett. 124B, 345-348 (1983).
Instanton Induced Compactification and Fermion Chirality. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/83/75. Phys. Lett. 132B, 56-60 (1983).
Preons and Supersymmetry. (with J.C. Pati and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/81/222. Asymptotic Realms of Physics: Essays in Honor of Francis E. Low, 250-259. MIT Press, Cambridge (1983).
SO(4) Gauging of N=2 Supergravity in Seven Dimensions. (with E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/83/34. Phys. Lett. 126B, 295-300 (1983).
Spontaneous Compactification in Six-Dimensional Einstein-Maxwell Theory. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/82/208. Nucl. Phys. B214, 491-512 (1983).
Supersymmetry at the Preonic or Pre-Preonic Level and Composite Supergravity. (with J.C. Pati).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/82/99 entitled: Approach Towards Minimality - Supersymmetry at the Preonic or Pre-Preonic Level. Nucl. Phys. B214, 109-135 (1983).
1984
Chiral Compactification on Minkowski × S2 of N=2 Einstein-Maxwell Supergravity in Six Dimensions. (with E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/84/57. Phys. Lett. 147B, 47-51 (1984).
Chiral Families and Stable Compactifications. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/84/62.
Dynamic Mass Generation for Fermions. (with J. Strathdee). Symposium on Symmetries in Particle Physics, New Haven, Connecticut, April 11, 1981. Symmetries in Particle Physics, 115-125. Plenum Press, New York (1984).
Kaluza-Klein Proposal and Electro-Nuclear Gravity. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/84/170. 22nd Rochester Conference, Leipzig, July 19-25, 1984. High Energy Physics v.1, 24-36. Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Zeuthen (1984).
On Kaluza Klein Cosmology. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/83/208. Phys. Lett. 135B, 388-392 (1984).
Stability of Instanton Induced Compactification in 8 Dimensions. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/83/226. Nucl. Phys. B242, 447-472 (1984).
Supersymmetric Flavon-Chromon Models. (with J.C. Pati). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/83/78. Nucl. Phys. B234, 223-227 (1984).
Towards a Self-Consistent Computation on Vacuum Energy in 11-Dimensional Supergravity. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/84/21. Nuovo Cimento ser.11, 84B, 167-180 (1984).
1985
An Anomaly-Free Model in Six Dimensions. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi, E. Sezgin and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/84/218. Phys. Lett. 151B, 351-356 (1985).
Anomaly Freedom in Chiral Supergravities. (with E. Sezgin). In honour of Stig Lundqvist's 60th Birthday. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/85/19. Physica Scripta 32, 283-285 (1985).
d=8 Supergravity. (with E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/84/184. Nucl. Phys. B258, 284-304 (1985).
d=8 Supergravity: Matter Couplings, Gauging and Minkowski Compactification. (with E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/85/7.
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Phys. Lett. 154B, 37-42 (1985).
Remarks on the Gauge Fixing Problems of the Spinning String in Neveu-Schwarz- Ramond Formalism. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/85/311.
1986
Astro-Particle-Physics. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/85/227. 4th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, Rome, June 17-21, 1985, pt.A, 3-7. Amsterdam, North-Holland (1986).
Global Anomalies in Six Dimensions. (with E. Bergshoeff, T.W. Kephart and E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/86/115. Mod. Phys. Lett. A1, 267-276 (1986).
Locally Supersymmetric σ-Model with Wess-Zumino Term in Two Dimensions and Critical Dimensions for Strings. (with E. Bergshoeff, S. Randjbar-Daemi, H. Sarmadi and E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/85/51. Nucl. Phys. B269, 77-96 (1986).
The Moon as the Searching Ground for Proton Decay. (with J.C. Pati and B.V. Sreekantan). University of Maryland preprint 86-072. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A1, 147-153 (1986). AIP Conference Proceedings, 202, Stanford, CA, May 1989. Physics and Astrophysics from a Lunar Base, 297-304. American Institute of Physics, New York (1990).
Of Science and Human Development. Roundtable on Development: the Human Dimension, Istanbul, Sept. 2-4, 1985. Human Development: the Neglected Dimension, 261-266. North South Roundtable, Islamabad (1986).
A Supersymmetric R2-Action in Six Dimensions and Torsion. (with E. Bergshoeff and E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/86/24. Phys. Lett. B173, 73-76 (1986).
1987
Conformal Anomaly in a Covariantly Quantized Heterotic Green-Schwarz Superstring. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J.A. Strathdee). Berne University Theoretical Physics BUTP-87/1. Mod. Phys. Lett. A2, 145-149 (1987).
On SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1) Invariant Compactifying Solutions to Eleven-Dimensional Supergravity. (Essays in Honour on 60th Birthday of E.S. Fradkin.) (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/84/15. Quantum Field Theory and Quantum Statistics, v.2, 217-232. Adam Hilger, Bristol (1987).
Overview of Particle Physics. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/86/35. International Conference on Mathematical Physics, Chittagong, Bangladesh, Jan. 8-10, 1986. Mathematical Physics, 1-27. Chittagong University, Bangladesh (1987). 2nd Asia-Pacific Physics Conference, Bangalore, Jan. 13-17, 1986. Asia-Pacific Physics Conference, 3-33. World Scientific, Singapore (1987). Publ. in: The New Physics, 481-491. Cambridge University Press (1989).
σ-Models and String Theories. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J.A. Strathdee). Berne University Theoretical Physics BUTP-87/3. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A2, 667-693 (1987).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
Supersymmetric R2-Actions, Conformal Invariance and Lorentz Chern-Simons Term in 6 and 10 Dimensions. (with E. Bergshoeff and E. Sezgin). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/86/32. Nucl. Phys. B279, 659-683 (1987).
1988
N=8 Supersingleton Quantum Field Theory. (with E. Bergshoeff, E. Sezgin and Y. Tanii). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/88/111. Nucl. Phys. B305, 497-515 (1988).
Particle Physics Today. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/87/402 entitled: Particle Physics (1987) . Ann. Inst. Henri Poincaré 49, 369-385 (1988). Rev. Roum. Phys. 33, 887-908 (1988).
Singletons, Higher Spin Massless States and the Supermembrane. (with E. Bergshoeff, E. Sezgin and Y. Tanii). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/88/6. Phys. Lett. B205, 237-244 (1988).
1989
Astroparticle Physics (1988). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/88/109. Int. J. Mod. Phys. A4, 583-605 (1989). Proceedings of the 3rd ESO-CERN Symposium, Bologna, May 16-20, 1988. Astronomy, Cosmology and Fundamental Physics, 1-22. Kluwer Academic Publs., Dordrecht (1989).
On Heterotic Supermanifolds. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/88/180. Nucl. Phys. B320, 221-252 (1989).
1990
Anyons and Chern-Simons Theory on Compact Spaces of Finite Genus. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J.A. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/90/11. Phys. Lett. B240, 121-126 (1990).
Chern-Simons Superconductivity at Finite Temperature. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/89/283. Nucl. Phys. B340, 403-447 (1990).
1991
Fermion Induced Singularities in a Non-Relativistic Effective Lagrangian for Electromagnetism. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste internal report IC/90/478. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B5, 1419-1436 (1991).
On Charged Fermions in Two Dimensions. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/90/325. Int. J. Mod. Phys. B5, 843-864 (1991).
The Role of Chirality in the Origin of Life. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/90/277. J. Mol. Evol. 33, 105-113 (1991).
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM] Scientific Writings — Abdus Salam
1992
Chirality, Phase Transitions and Their Induction in Amino Acids. ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/92/174. Phys. Lett. B288, 153-160 (1992).
1993
Generalized Spin Systems and σ-Models. (with S. Randjbar-Daemi and J. Strathdee). ICTP, Trieste preprint IC/92/294. Phys. Rev. B48, 3190-3205 (1993).
The Origin of Chirality, the Role of Phase Transitions and their Induction in Amino Acids. Conference on Chemical Evolution and the Origin of Life, Trieste, Oct. 26-30, 1992. Chemical Evolution: Origin of Life, 101-117. Deepak, Hampton, Virginia (1993).
Strong Gravity Approach to QCD and Confinement. (with C. Sivaram). Mod. Phys. Lett. A8, 321-326 (1993).
1995
Biological Macromolecules and the Phase Transitions They Bring About. 2nd International Symposium on Conceptual Tools for Understanding Nature, Trieste, Sept. 23-25, 1992, 209-220. World Scientific, Singapore (1995).
str. costiera 11 - I-34151 Trieste, Italy - phone: +39 040 2240 306 fax: +39 040 2240 394 -- © 2011 - www.ictp.it
http://salam.ictp.it/salam/bibliography/papers[11/21/2012 2:25:52 PM]
Abdus Salam, first Muslim Nobel laureate Salam-the physicist