The Character of Douglas County

Home , Calapooya Creek, Calapooya Mountains, Fort Umpqua, Southern Oregon, Umpqua River

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0 SOUTHERN OREGO!'1 ST, K- i - LIBRARY ASHLAND, OREGON 97520

T HE C HA RA C TER O F

DO0U GL A S CO0U NT Y

B Y

DOUGLAS COUNTY PLANNING CONIVISS ION Roseburg, Oregon

PRICES

Within Douglas County - $1.00 Outside Douglas County

Second printing, March 1956 T HE CHA RA C T ER O F

D0U G LA S CO0 U N T Y

DOUGLAS CQUI'TY1 COURT

Carl C. Hill, Countyr Judge E. R. ifetzger, Couanty Commissioner Frank Ashley, County Commissioner

DOUGLAS COU11TY PLANNJING COIvHIAISSION

Members Ex.-officio Members

0. J. Fett, Chairman T. Claude Baker, County Sanitarian George Wilcox, Vice Chairman Morris Bowlher, County Assossor Robert Franks, Secretary Den B. Ii'ving, County Surveyor C. C. Fosback J. Roland P~arker, County Agricultural Agent Tom Lillebo Ernie Seaton J. L. Aikins

Staf f

J. Haslett Bell, Planning Consultant James M. Coleman, Planning Technician Frank L. Johnson, Planning Technician Douglas County Planning Commission

Roseburg, Oregon

Gentlemen:

Accurate and full information of Douglas County is essential as a proper base for good planning.

This report is a compilation of information, that for the most part, is available to everyone. The assembling, arrangement and writing of the report, however, is the result of a great amount of work by the County Planning Staff. The preparation of the drawings included in the report required considerable research and field work on the part of the staff.

This study makes available information on the resources of the County that should prove a ready reference to those interested in the future progress and welfare of Douglas County.

Constant help from County departments was given in the preparation of this report. We are especially grateful to the

U. S. Forest Service, Forest and Range Experiment Station in

Portland, the Roseburg offices of the U. S Bureau of Land

Management and the Wpqua National Forest, the Roseburg Chamber of Commerce and the Siskiyou Cascade Research Center of the U. S

Forest Service.

J. Haslett Bell

Planning Consultant

- a - THE CHARACTER OF DOUGLAS COUNTY

INDEX

I PROGRESS OF HISTORY------Pages to

II WEATHER------Pages to 12

III TOPOGRAPHY AND GENERAL LAND USE Pages 13 to 17 IV AGRICULTURE------Pages 18 to 26

V FORESTS------Pages 27 to 37 VI MAINERALS------Pages 38 to 4~2

VII INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORTATION -- Pag-es ~43 to

VIII TRADE------Pages to 50

Ix ELECTRIC POWER------Pages 51 to 52

X RECREATION ------Pages 53 to 55 xi POPULATION ------Pages 56 to 64.

SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS - - Pages 65 to 66

PLATES

FRO11TISPTECE - DOUGLAS COUNTY

PLATE I NOfflvAL ANW1~AL PRECIPITATION------7 Page PLATE II WEATHER------11

-7 - Page PLATE III LAND CAPABILITIES CLASSIFICATION MAP ---- 15 -- Page PLATE IV SOILS YlAP OF THI: AGRICULTUIRAL AREAS - --- 19 -- Page PLATE V EXISTING LAND USE------Page PLATE VI MINERALS DEPOSITS MAP------42 -- Page PLATE VII ROSEBURG MH~OLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE AREAS - 4~8 -- Page PLATE VIII DISTRIBUTION OF PUPULATION------60

PLATE Ix POPULATION GROWTH OF OREGON, DOUGLAS COUNTY

AND CITY OFF ROSEBURG -- Page 63

- b - DOUGLAS COUNTY O R E G O N

.. I "THE CHARACTER OF DOUGLAS COUNTY"

I THE PROGRESS OF HISTORY

1543 Bartolome' Ferrelo, a pilot for Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo, continu=d northward after Cabrillo's death, in one of the ships that formed an expedition sent out by the Mexican Government to find the famous Straits of Anian. These Straits were supposed to form the northern passage around America back to the Atlantic Ocean. Ferrelo came in close to the land around the forty- third parallel of latitude and is thus said to be the first white man to see the Oregon Coast. The land he saw here would, no doubt, have been the Douglas County Coast near the mouth of the Unpqua River.

1578 Sir Francis Drake, in his voyage around the world, also came north along the American coast looking for the Straits of Anian. The accounts of Spanish, or Mexican, historians state that he put into a poor harbor near the mouth of the Umpqua, or it might have been the Rogue; this to put a Spanish pilot, by the name of Morera, on the beach. This gave the pilot a 3,500 mile walk back home. Drake turned west and went back to England across the Pacific and around the Cape of Good Hope. i603 Ensign Martin de Aguilar in command of a small vessel (a fragata) with Antonio Flores as his pilot, sailed up the west coast of North America to around the forty-third degree of latitude. Not far from Cape of Blanco, they stated on the ships log and upon charts, they came to a rapid and abundant river lined with trees. The small ship tried to enter the river but 1as prevented from doing so by the rapid current. They named this stream "The River of Aquilar". This fragata was one of three ships sent north under Viscaino on a voyage of discovery. This expedition probably also was searching for the Straits of Anian.

1778 In March of this year, Captain James Cooke, on his famous voyage of discovery in the Pacific, came from The Hawaiian Islands, which he had named "The Sandwich Tolands', to the Coast of Oregon, which land area he called "New Albion". He struck land about the 440 parallel and strong winds forced him south to the mouth of the Rogue River. When weather became fair he went on up the coast to Alaska.

1827 Jedediah S. Smith, a trapper, first came into the west coast country from Salt Lake region, ie came down the Humbolt River into the Sacramento Valley and took back a fine lot of furs. He made a second trip in 1827, but decided to bring his furs north to Fort Vancouver. He came north to the Umpqua River. While building a raft in this river his party was attacked by Indians and only Smith and two men escaped to Fort Vancouver.

1827 Fort Unpqua was established by the Hudson's Bay Company on the Umpqua River opposite the mouth of Elk Creek as the trading post of that company in this southern Oregon area.

1832 Ewing Young came to the Ubpqua on his first trip into Oregon. Young was then a trapper out of Sante Fe. He came into California and followed Smith's route into Oregon. He returned to Santa Fe but within a short time came back into Oregon to settle in the Willamette Valley and to take a very responsible part in early Oregon history.

1 184o A petition was forwarded to the Federal Government in Washington for the establishment of some form of territorial government in Oregon.

1841 The funeral of Ewing Young in February of this year became an occasion for action toward a provisional government of the Oregon Country.

1843 July 5th - The famous meeting at Champoeg where the first Oregon Pro- visional Government was formed. Among its first acts was the dividing of the Oregon Country into four "districts". The line of the Yamhill River from the Pacific Ocean to the Rocky Mountains divided the Oregon Country one way and the line of the Willamette 1IUver extended north to Canada and south to California divided the country the other way. Of the four districts thus formed the southwest "District" was called the Yamhill District and the southeastern District was called the Champoeg District. What is now Douglas County lay partly in the Yamhill District and partly in the Champoeg District.

1844 May 14th, the first regular election was held to elect the first officerE of the Provisional Government. These officers appointed a committee to draw up a constitution. They also passed acts requiring a gubernatorial executive instead of an executive committee of three.

1845 June third, another territorial election was held and George Abernethy was elected the first Governor of the Oregon Country. Joseph L. Meek was named Sheriff.

1846 A party of fifteen men under the command of Major Thorp from the Willamette Valley explored the Umpqua Basin.

1846 A party of pioneers including Levi Scott, John Scott, Lindsay, and Jesse Applegate left the site of the present City of Dallas to find a road location south into California. They went by the site of Corvallis, crossed the Umpqua and worked south and east into the Iaamath Valley.

1847 December 23, the Provisional Government established boundaries of a new Polk County whose boundaries were not too far from the present boundaries of this County.

1848 August 14, an act was passed by the Congress of the United States making Oregon a Territory. General Joseph Lane of Indiana was appointed Territorial Governor by President Polk and Joseph Meek was made Federal Marshall.

1850 Captain Levi Scott laid out the town of Scottsburg on the Umpqua River. This site was a logical place from which to serve the new settlers of this area coming in from the Willamette Valley.

Winchester Payne and Co., of San Francisco, sent their schooner "Kate Heath" with 100 men aboard headed by Mr. Winchester to establish supply points for the miners in northern California. This party found the wreck of the ship "Bostonian" and its crew and cargo on the site of the town of Gard- iner named in honor of the owner of that ship. The party from the "Kate Heath" laid out 'Umpqua City" on the north bank of the Umpqua River at its mouth--also "Lower Town" at Scottsburg, on a site later washed out by

2 flood--also "Elkton" and the town of "Winchester". The "Irate Heath" took a cargo of log piling back to San Francisco. The Company went bankrupt shortly after the ship returned to San Francisco.

1851 Increasing settlement along the Unpqua River brought about further division of the land in the new Ore-on Territory. Linn and Benton Counties were formed about as they are now. The area to the south of these two counties to the California line was divided into Uupqua County and Lane County. The Umpqua County area was described as following the south line of Benton County from the Pacific Ocean to the Calapooia Ridge and following said ridge to Calapocia Creek and then by said creek and the Umpqua River back to the ocean. The rest west of the Cascades and to the California border was Lane County.

1851 Scptember 23. Aaron Pose and his family from Michigan settled on what is now the site of Roseburg. He claimed land as a donation land claim at the mouth of Deer Creek on the South UApqua River. John Aiken and his fan ily lived where Winchester is now located and he and Thomas Smith operated a ferry on the Uapqua at Winchester. A. R. Flint and family also were first settlers at Winchester. At this time Joseq'h Knott settled at Canyonville and the Riddle family had settled on the site of the present Glenbrook farm near the site of Riddle.

1352 January 6. Douglas County was formed and its boundaries were described as follows -- "Cormencing at the mouth of Calapooya Creek, thence following said creek up its main fork -to its source, thence due east to the summit of the Cascade Mountains, thence running due south to the summit of the ridge separating the waters of the Rogue hiver from the waters of the Umpqua River, thence westerly along the snimit of said ridge to the summit of the Coast Range of mountains separating the waters of the Coquille and Coues (Coos) Rivers from the Unpqua, thence northerly along the summit of said Coast Range to the south line of Unpqua County and east along said line to the point of the beginning." Winchester, being the largest settlement in the area, was named the County neat. The county was named after the well known U. S. Senator from Illinois, Stephen A. Douglas.

1853 Mr. Bradbury opened the first general store in the small settlement known as "Deer Creek". Aaron PRose had hired Addison C. Flint to lay out a townsite here on his land claim. Also in this year, a treaty was made with the Cow Creek Indians.

1854 On the second Monday of March of this year an election was held that moved the County Neat from .inchester to Deer Creek. This was also the year that Rev. James H. Wilbur, a Methodist Minister, founded the Umpqua Academy at Wilbur, Oregon. The school name was later changed to The WTilbur Academy. This was the first frame school in southern Oregon. It clcsed in 1900.

1855 "Deer Creek" was now called Roseburg. In October of this year the Rogue River Indian War began. A. R. Flint moved his store from Winchester to Roseburg.

1856 The Rogue Indians were quieted and moved on to the Siletz Indian Reser- vation. On December 18th of this year Camas Prairie was detached from the new Coos County and annexed to Douglas County.

3 IF

1860 The Utpqua Gazette, the first newspaper in Rcseburg, began its publication.

1862 Trade in the towns of Umpqua County had fallen off with the decline in the interest in mining. Both Elkton and Scottsburg were hard hit. County government costs could not be met. On December 18th an act was passed by the Territorial Legislature combining Douglas and Umpqua Counties.

1869 A wagon road was built from Roseburg to Coos City at the head of tidewater on Coos Bay.

1872 "The Oregon and California Railroad", during this year, was completed from Portland to Roseburg as the result of seven years of effort. During the years of 1865 and 66, Simon G. Elliott had secured a land grant subsidy from the United States Congress to build the two hundred miles of railroad. Ben Holladay and Company managed the construction of the railroad into Roseburg. For nearly ten years Roseburg was the southern terminus of this railroad. Ben Holladay's management of the road gradually brought it into such financial difficulties that Henry Villard, a very vigorous promoter, took over the road when it went into bankruptcy.

1882 Villard, during this year, reached an agreement with the Central Pacific Railroad Company of California to extend their road northward out of the Sacramento Valley and work began again to extend the "Oregon and California Railroad" south to meet it.

Weith the completion of a railroad through to California the cities of Oregon in the Umpqua Basin and the Willamette Valley received new impetus in growth and improvements in the entire state of Oregon were rapid.

The coming of the automobile brought the demand for improved roads early in this twentieth century.

How fast has been the development of Douglas County is best indicated by the population growth of the county since 1890 when it had a population of 12,000. The present county population is nearly 70,000. The jump in population of the county since 1940 has shown this area to be one of the fastest growing areas in the United States.

Historic events mark the rate and nature of development. In one hundred years it has developed from a sparsely settled woodland wilderness into a most active and progressive part of this vital Pacific Northwest. Using the progress of one hundred years as an index, the future promises so much that it is hard to comprehend what can happen here within even the decades just ahead.

Source: The bulk of this historical material is frem 'History of Southern Oregon" by A. G. Walling. Other information frem Oregon Historical Society Quarterlies and various writings of Oregon History. II WEATHER

Weather records in Douglas County have been kept since 1856 when such recordings began in old Fort Umpqua. Readings at the Fort terminated in 1862. There seem to be no weather records in the County between 1862 and 1817 when the continuous records began in Roseburg.

In the past there have been weather stations at Comstock, Gardiner, Musick, (elevation 5,530 feet) Uipqua, (a life saving station on the sand dunes at the mouth of the Umpqua River) and West Fork (elevation 1,045 feet). Fort Umpqua was at the mouth of the Elk Creek on the Umpqua River. The stations at Musick and West Fork were it seems mostly for the purpose of recording precipitation.

Weather recordings for the County have gradually settled to the five stations that now furnish dependable and constant weather records. These are Drain, Elkton, Reedsport, Riddle, and Roseburg. It seems that one of the higher elevation stations should have been kept for the building up of long time records of temperature, precipitation, and weather extremes in a high spot typical of Douglas County high mountain country.

Table jtll giving the Average Temperatures for the five existing weather stations in the County, shows how uniform the temperatures are throughout the county in the great bull of the entire county area. Not until you get into the higher country above 2,000 feet do you get into consistently higher temperatures. The median temperatures in the agricultural and inhabitated areas as represented by the five existing weather stations for the past five years held to about 53.8 which compares with the normal temperature of 54.6 for the Roseburg area and shows the uniformity of the temperature in the whole Lbpqua Basin area.

So temperate is the climate in general for the County that winter days below twenty degrees are rare and rare also are the days in summer that have temperaturesabove ninety degrees. There are extremes in temperature as past records show. On the day of January 16 in Roseburg in the year 1888 a temperature of six below zero was recorded. Also in Roseburg a record of 109 degrees on July 20, 1946, was made. Similar extremes have occurred in the valley areas of the County but the records have been more regular and complete for the Roseburg station. For the whole Umpqua Basin area, however, the temperatures are so nearly uniform that the Roseburg temperature records can be taken as typical for the entire basin.

PRECIPITATION

Precipitation is not uniform within the County. As PLATE I "NORMAL ANNUAL PRECIPITATION" shows the total annual precipitation for the County varies from 24 inches in the Riddle area to 108 inches in the upper area of the North Fork of the Smith River. The general line of lower precipitation follows the valley area centering on Drain, Roseburg, and Riddle with total annual rainfalls averaging from 24 inches at Riddle, 38 inches at Roseburg, and 46 inches at Drain. Moving to the eastern part of the County we find a general build up of total annual precipitation to 70 and 74 inches on the ridges just west of Dia- mond Lake. TABLE 2 tells the total annual precipitation story for the Unpqua Basin, especially i.n the agricultural areas. PLATE I bears oaxt the fact that AVERAGE TI.PERATURES

DRAIN, OREGON Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual

1949 31.9 43.4 43.5 54.0 59.4 62.1 65.8 65.8 63.0 50.8 .... 41.7 .... 1950 34.5 43.9 46.8 50.6 56.6 62.7 68.1 69.3 63.4 55.1 49.4 49.2 54.1 1951 42.2 46.1 43.8 54.7 57.6 65.o 67.9 66.1 64.3 54.3 47.5 40.2 54.1 1952 40.6 44.7 45.4 52.9 57.4 59.9 68.4 66.7 64.5 58.3 41.0 43.2 53.6 1953 47.5 44.7f 46.3 51.0 54.4 58.2 65.9 66.2 63.6 55.o 49.8 43.2 53.8 EIZTON, OREGON

1949 3;3.o 43.6 49.2 55.1 59.8 63.5 66.9 67.5 63.7 51.4 51.3 42.0 53.9 1950 33.6 43.3 46.2 49.9 55.7T 62.3 68.4 70.9 64.4 53.7 49.6 50.0 54.o 1951 43.1 46.1 44.5 55.3 57.9 65.2 67.7 66.8 65.3 55.6 48.7 41.3 54.8 1952 40.9 45.1 46.1 52.9 56.8 59.5 67.7 66.7 65.2 58.6 41.3 43.1 53.7 1953 47.7 45.3 47.1 51.5 54.O 57.7 66.4 66.1 64.6 .... 51.0 44.8

REEDSPORT, OREGON

1949 .... 57.3 5-.0 0.5 59.5 50.6 52.8 43.7 .... 1950 40.3 48.4 47.8 49.1 0.0. 57.1 ...... 52.5 52.6 .... 1951 46.2 47.1 45.3 50.9 55.4 59.2 62.0 61.5 59.0 56.4 50.3 42. ( 53.0 1952 42.0 45.3 45.2 50.1 53.8 55.0 59.7 6o.y 59.8 57.1 45.3 45.4 51.6 1953 49. 4 45.6 46.4 48.9 52.8 54.82 59.) 61.7 62.0 56.5 51.6 46.5 53.0

-____ -RIDDLE, OREGON

1949 33-3 43.0 43. 9 55.0 59.9 64.1 68.6 67.2 64.9 50.2 51.2 41.2 54.o 1950 36.o 45.2 46.6 50.3 55.8 63-3 69.2 70.3 63.5 56.2 49.8 48.o 54.5 1951 4o.3 44.2 44.3 55.2 53.1 66 .5 69.5 68.2 66.o 5)4.4 47.2 40..3 54-5 1952 39. 4 43.6 44.6 53.0 56.9 60.2 71.1 68.9 66.2 57.8 40.1 41. 2 53.6 1S53 43.3 50.4 53.4 57.3 66.5 66.5 63.& 54.6 50.6 42.6 53.4 45.3 .

ROSEBURG, OREGON

1945 32.2 43.o 48.6 54.7 60.2 63.8 68,.o 67.4 64.4 50.7 51.7 41.8 53.9 1950 35). 45.5 47.0 51.1 56.6 62.9 69.5 71.0 64.4 55.8 49.8 49.2 54.9 1951 42.2 45.2 44.6 55.4 58.5 67.0 69.4 68.8 66.6 54.6 48.y 40.3 55.1 1952 41.2 44.8 4s55 53.9 58.3 ) 93 70.8 68.8 67.2 58.5 39.4 42.1 54.2 1953qa_46.9 42.9 44.8 50.0 53.3 57.1 66.8 67.2 64.4 53.9 50.1 43.3 53. 4 U. 8. Weather Bureau TABLE I

6 mmmmmp~ w

ISOHYETAL MAP NORMAL ANNUAL PRECIPITATION MAP BY U S ENGINEER O FFCE. PORTLAND, OREGON, DISTRICT

DOUGLAS COUNTY OREGON

PLATE I TOTAL PRECIPITATION

DRAIN, OREGON Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual

1949 1.29 10.84 4.33 0.93 3.81 0.82 T 0.00 3.20 2.86 ...... 5.21 ..... 1950 12.83 5.39 7.04 1.88 1.46 2.16 .02 .38 .76 15.77 9.20 6.74 63.63 1951 11.21 7.o6 5.29 .94 2.53 .00 T .24 1.22 8.17 9.82 10.89 57.37 1952 10.09 6.i6 4.4'7 2.07 .66 3.90 .00 .o8 1.24 .46 1.89 13.13 44.15 1953 14.07 6.87 5.55 4.0o. 4.55 2.08 .00 1.31 1.35 2.99 9.16 9.45 61.44

ELKTON, OREGON Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual

1949 2.10 12.13 4.32 1.07 4.17 0.55 o.o8 0.08 1.26 3.10 7.25 6.39 42.50 1950 18.78 6.67 9.07 2.06 1.70 1.42 .08 .59 .88- 15.35 9.98 7.54 74.12 1951 12.46 .... 8.03 ...... 8.03 9.89 11.27 .... 1952 3.471 6.11 5.72 1.83 .57 3.0; .00 .05 .57 .55 1.75 13.18 41.86 1953 14.62 7.49 6.69 14.49 5.23 1.341 .00 1.51 1.01 3.25 11.02 11.61 68.26

REEDSPORT, OREGON Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual

1949 .... 0.25 0.30 0.29 2.77 3.93 9.00 1950 21.21 10.00.... 9.45 4.21 1.96 1.74 .... 14.73 10.67...... 1951 16.43 10.49 10.99 2.42 4.57 T .31 .25 2.02 11.51 10.04 12.07 81.10 1952 16.30 9.39 10.49 1.95 *97 3.30 .11 .19 .75 1.41 3.19 14.33 62.58 1953 20.17 10. 32 11.49 5.57 6.89 2.29 .17 3.28 2.74 5.32 17.31 14.12 99.67

__ RIDDLE, OREGON Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual

1949 1.60 5.19 2.21 0.82 1.55 0.06 T 0.00 0.90 2.85 2.15 3.82 21.15 1950 ...... 4.50 1951 7.81 3.56 2.97 .o2 .80 .00 .00 .09 .o2 4.53 5 .37 8.45 35.02 1952 4.98 2.61 3.00 .80 .62 2.77 .01 T .76 .42 1.05 8.67 25.69 1953 9.03 3.25 3.41 ...... 2.08 7.63 4.14 . .. .

ROSEBllRG, OREGON Year Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept Oct. Nov. Dec. Annual

1949 1.35 6.43 2.49 0.79 1.96 0.03 T 0.03 1.96 2.42 3.23 3.82 24.51 1950 11.11 5.80 1.65 1.16 .'71 1.92 .01 .11 .55 12.53 5.91 4.81 46.44 1951 6.85 4.54 3.25 .93 1.30 .00 T .o61.03 5.39 5.32 8.87 37-54 1952 5.83 3.57 3.10 1.10 .77 3.29 .01 T .58 .41 1.94 9.35 29.95 1953 lO.16 4.25 3.29 2.1'- 3.22 1.60 T 1.29 1.19 2.96 8.44 5.00 - -- 43.57 U. S. Weather Bureau

TABLE 2

8 there is plenty of water for growing timber and for agriculture. A survey of the water resources of Douglas County is now underway and this survey will result in recommendations for proper flood control measures and the impounding of water for the irrigation of agricultural lands.

By its topography and by its rainfall Douglas County is an ideal area for the constant production of timber and will always stay rich in this abundant resource providing the entire County is placed upon and continues forever on a sustained yield basis.

TEMPERATURE EXTREMES AND FREEZE LATA

TABLE 3 shows that the growing season in the Uzpqua Basin agricultural areas varies from approximately 134 days to 269 days in length. For tender annual crops safe planting time would be from May 10th on and with crop harvest of tender annual crops before October first.

ROSEBURG

PLATE II "WEATHER", shows graphically a recent year of weather records for Roseburg which can be taken as typical of the inhabitated areas of the Umpqua Basin.

The average monthly temperatures for the year beginning August 1, 1953, and ending August 1, 1954, clung very close to normal temperatures which are the prevalent temperatures determined from many years cC record.

The average monthly precipitation totals for the year August 1953 to August 1954 shows considerable departures from normal. This is typical since precipitation in any part of the County does not follow the pattern of means resulting from the monthly averages over a long period of years. The average is not to be compared with the actual in precipitation.

WIND

The Roseburg Airport records the winds daily and is the only source of such official data within the heart of the Ubpqua Basin. This City is well known for having the lowest constant wind velocities in Oregon. As the wind rose on PLATE II shows, the winds from the north blow the greater part of the year (220 days during the year August 1953 to August 1954). Winds from the south were blowing for the next greatest number of days (79) days. Winds from the northwest blew for 28 days and winds from the southwest blew for 24 days. Winds from other directions did not total more than six days from each direc- tion. The mean hourly velocity for the wind during this recorded year was 4.3 miles per hour. The average monthly wind speeds varied from 6.1 miles per hour to 3.1 miles per hour during the year.

NORMALS, MEANS AND EXTREMES

Prevalent weather records together with means and extremes of weather in Roseburg are shown in TABLES 4 and 5. These records are the result of the comparison of weather data taken over a period of from 23 to 76 years of weather recording here. These compilations are taken from U. S. Weather Bureau's "Local Climatological Data for Roseburg by 1953".

9 TEMPERATURE EXTREIES AND FREEZE DATA

DYAIN OREGON Year Highest Date Lowest Date Iast Spring First Fail Mmn NuLiber days

__ _Min. 32° or Below 32° or Below Between Dates

1949 990 July 14 o0 Jan.- 214 Apr. 25 (320) Oct. 2.8, (32°) 176 1950 99' Au,. 13 l'3Feb. 3 Apr. 26 (300) Oct. 1 (320 ) 158 1951 103 July 7 13 Jan. 30 Apr. 22 (300) Nov. 1 (280 ) 193 101 Aug. 3 15 Nov. 28 May 1952 93r 5 (300) Nov. 15 (320) 194 1953 Sep't 10 25 Miar. 2 Apr. 8 (320) Oct. 23 (290) 198

ELTOIN, OREGON Year Highest Date Lowest Date Last Spring First Fall Mi Number Days M__in. 32' or Below 320 or Below Between Dates

1949 104 July 14 10 Jan. 24 Feb. 14 (320) Oct. 17 (320) 245 1950 104 Aug. 19 U Jan. 31 Apr. 26 (310) Oct. 2 (320) 159 1951 104 July 11 17 Jan. 30 Apr. 22 (320) Nov. 1 (30°) 193 1952 103 Aug. 3 20 Nov. 30 May 9 (310) Nov. 16 (310) 191 1953 101 Aug. 12 26 Mar. 2 Apr. Nov. 22 (32°) < . 8 (3o*) 197 - --

REFEDSPORT, OREGON Year Highest Date Lowest Date Last Spring First Fall Min Number Days _ Min. 320 or Below 320 or Below Between Dates

1949 ...... June 1 (310 ) Oct. 19 (310) 143 1950 15 Jan. 31 May 8 (310) ...... 238 1951 82 Oct. '( 23 Jan. 29 Mar. 11 (320) Nov. 24 (320) 258 1952 94 July 7 27 Nov. 26 Feb. 21 (310) Nov. 16 (320) 269 1953 90 Sept 3 26 Mar. 1 Apr. 8 (310) Dec. 30 (320) 266 , - - -

-IDDLE, OREGON Year Highest Date Lowest Date Last Spring First Fall Min Number Days Min. 320 or Below 32° or Below Between Dates

1949 105 July 14 10 Jan. 11 Apr. 30 (320) Oct. 17 (30°) 1'(0 1950 10k Aug. 16 12 Feb. 1 May 19 (320 ) Sept 30 (30) 134 1951 104 July 11 13 Jan. 30 Akpr 21 (280) Nov. 16 (320) 209 1952 104 July 8 20 Nov. 25 May 5 (31 ) Nov. 3 (310) 182 1953 98 Sept 10 24 Mar. 2 Apr 12 (320) Dec. 22 (310) 254

ROSEBURG, OREGON Year Highest Date Lowest Date Last Spring First Fall Mmn Number Days Mmin.M 320 or Below 320 or Below Between Dates

1949 100 July 14 11 Jan. 10 Apr. 3 (31°) Oct. 18 (320) 198 1950 101 Aug . 16 16 Jan. 31 Apr. 24 (320) Nov. 10 (J10) 200 1951 101 July 11 16 Jan. 30 Apr. 21 (310) Nov. 17 (30°) 210 1952 102 Aug. 3 21 Nov. 28 Apr. 20 (320) Nov. 16 (320) 210 3 9 Aug.11 Feb. 24 Apr. 11j 1°) Oct. 21 (310j 193 U. S. Weather Bureau TABLE 3 10 520

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-10' - ti DAYS W- - E 2 DAYS

-20 ------.,- - Cl FI- U zZ < S ' Z .4 'P 'p .5 04 j. AVERAGE MONTHiLY TEMPERATURES 0; 4'

-AVERAGE MrONTHLY TEMiPERATURES FROM AUG'5J TO AUG'54 NORMAL MlONTHLY TEMPERATURES FOR ONE YeAR PERIOD * ExTREMEs IN TEMrPERATURE FROM AUG '53 TO AUG '54 o EXTREMiES IN TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED IN ROSE8URG

79 DAYS WIND ROSE AU6 53 TO AUG'54

WEATHER z ,o- -- -- FOR ROSEBURG, OREGON

o r- --- AU G UST 1953 - AUGUST 1954 PRECI PITAT ION TEMPERATURE SNOWFALL ANNUAL ME6AN T EMPERAT URE OCT05ER NONE AUG'53 TO AUG'S4 53.4' NOVEM8ER NONE AVERAGE NiEAR 53.8- DECEMBER NONE JANUARY 2" HIGHEST TEMPERATURE F ER RUA BY NONE AUG'53 TO AUG'54 911 MARCH NONE EVER RECORDED 1846 br9 TOTAL SNOWFALL 2. 7- -/- - YEARLY AVERAGE 6.6" LOWEST TEM*PERATURE AUG '53 TO AUG'54 2r EVER RECORDED IBIS -6- TOTAL PRECIPITATION AUG'53 TO AUG'54 37.74 YEARLY AVERAGE 32 AS AVERAGE DATE oF KItLLING FROST LATEST iN SPRING APRiL s EARLIEST iN FALL Nov 13

'( - - aRLWt~ WIND NEAN HOURLY WIND VELOCITT FOR ROSE8URG 43 MIW-LESPER HOUR. HIGHEST WIND VELOCITY EVER RECORDED AT ROSEBURO 40 MPH

o ' - .2 '~ R

MONTHLY PRECIPITATION

PRECIPITATION FROMi AUG '53 to AUG '54 PRECIPITATION FOR ONE YEAR PERIOD

SOURCE oF DATA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMM ERCE WEATHER BUREAU

PLATEIiI NORAS-EANS-EXTREMES RLATIVE TEMPERATURE PRECIPITATION IRELIDITY EXTREMES -SNOW-SLEET-HAIL

4-4'

4H E-4 E-

M*E<--o U o Ud ' io = 915 +-i,r-6 CdCdcY~

Cd C ti) *

MONTH___ *19156 I_: M921-50_T9 9 = 16 1 7

Jan. 41.0 7.1 1888 -6 1888 4.60 3.1 28.0 1950 8.0 1909 86 78 Feb. 44.° 79 1932 3 1884 3.76 1.6 27.2 188'7 6.6 1949 81 69 M4ar. 43.6 85 1923 18 1896 2.93 1.0 11.3 1896 5.7 1894 72 59 Apr. 52.8 96 1926 25 1936 2.13 0.1 2.9 1911 2.4 1953 63 52 May 58.2 102 1887 30 1909 1.73 T 1.5 1922 1.5 1922 59 49 June 63.6 io6 1925 35 1952 1.35 T T 1950 T 1950 57 46 July 68.9 109 1946 40 1387 0.20 0.0 0.0 .... 0.0 .... 54 38 Aug. 68.5 106 1935 39 1903 0.32 0.0 0.0 .... 0.0 .... 56 39 Sept 63.3 104 1944 29 1926 1.11 0.0 0.0 .... 0.0 .... 61 45 Oct. 55.7 96 1934 22 1831 2.93 T o.6 1934 o.6 1934 77 61 Nov. 47.3 76 1934 14 1896 4.51 0.1 3.0 1911 3.0 1911 85 76 Dec. 42.6 70 1940 5 1932 4.93 0.7 10.0 1898 7.5 1898 86 82 Year 54.6 109 July -6 Jan. 30.50 5.6 2L,.0 Jan. 5 .0 Jan. 70 5b 1946 1888 - 1950 1909

- -- - ^ e - * Length of record in years U. S. Weather Bureau TABLE 4. NORMALS -MEANS- EXTREMES

Jan. 3.9 25 2 10 19 8 0 1 10 Feb. 4.0 33 3 10 15 0 6 0 7 Mar. 4.4 41 5 11 15 4 0 0 4 Apr. 4.7 52 7 10 13 1 0 1 May 4.8 57 9 11 11 1 1 0 June 4.9 61 11 10 9 1 2 0 0 July 5.1 79 19 9 3 5 0 0 Aug. 4.6 78 20 8 3 1 5 Q 0 Sept 4.0 68 15 9 6 1 2 2 0 Oct. 3.4 42 9 11 11 9 0 1 Nov. 3.6 28 4 10 16 10 0 4 Dec. 3.7 17 2 -9 20 9 0 7 Year., 4.3 52 106 118 141 U. S. Weather Bureau - TABLE 5 12 III TOPOGRAPHY AND GENERAL LAND USE

TOPOGRAPHY

Douglas County, from the standpoint of topography, could be called the land area drained by the Umpqua River. In fact, the boundaries of this County practically fit the rim of the complete Umpqua , sin. The Coast Range noses down from the north to form the northern limits of the Smith River drainage area. High ground extends from the Coast Range eastward to the Calapooya Mountains to form the north topographic rim of the County.

The Calapooya Mountains separate the Umpqua Basin from the i!illamette Basin in the northeastern corner of the County.

The extreme eastern edge of the County lies in a Mountainous area fonled by a broad band of peaks ranging in height from 4,264 to 9,173 feet in elevation. Diamond Lake (elevation 5,184) rests on the shoulders of high peaks with the highest, Recount Thielson, 9,173 feet elevation, less than five miles to the east. Mount Thielson straddles the eastern boundary of the County.

Desert Ridge limits the Un'qua WVatershed on the southeast and extends toward the southwest to become a part of the long mountainous separation between Cow Creek and the Rogue River.

The North and South Forks of the Umpqua and Cow Creek are the three tines of the huge trident that is the Umpqua Systeim, When you look at a map showing,these tributaries you feel that Cow Creek should really have been called the south fork of the Urpqua with the present South Fork bein.1 rightly called the middle fork of the river.

These ridges and the mountains that form the rim of the County and the Umpqua Basin are also responsible for the lack of heavy winds in the Umpqua Valley and no doubt also comb the moisture from the skies to drench the many slopes that should endlessly produce the forest wealth of this County.

The flat, or relatively flat, land of the County follows the Umpqua River and its tributaries. There is a belt of relatively level land through the center of the County north and south which centers on the right-of-way of the Southern Pacific Railroad. ithin this belt of lower land are most of the cities of the County and also the best cropland in the County.

To the east of this flat belt the three great parts of the Umpqua River systems Aind their tortuous ways upward from elevations of 500 to 700 feet to high sources of these streams at 4,000 to 6,000 feet elevation in the mass of mountains that form the eastern part of the County. The North Umnpqua, the South Un~pqua and Cow Creek each have their rugged Torges through which they fall at a rate of almost two feet in every one hundred feet. These wooded and rocky gorges are scenic drives worth talking about and worth making more accessible to the automobile public.

Glendale has an elevation of ,l446feet, Riddle is 715 feet above sea level, Roseburg has an elevation of t85 feet, Oakland 453 feets and Drain 299 feet. These city elevations give the northward slope of the relatively low, level.

13 ground through the County. Fror this flat belt the river falls about 500 feet from Roseburg in the seventy miles or so it travels to the ocean. This length of the Umpqua River also forms one of the most scenic ways in the northwest and could become a parkway of great significance.

SOIL

The bulk of the soil in Douglas County is what the U. '. Conservation Service designates as class VII land, that because of steep slopes and its shallow depth is best for the growing of timber and for grazing, (well managed grazing), see PLATE III, "LAND CAPABILITIES CLASSIFICATION MAP." Because the great bulk of the County is rugged the greatest part of the land is in slopes too steep for cultivation and so is naturally fit for the growing of forests.

The fertile soil, as PLATE III shows, clings closely to the main streams and the flat valleys that have been formed by these streams. The Southern Pacifi Railroad sought this level ground for its right-of-way through the County. The roa-te of this railroad moves from south to north through the center of the most fertile land in the County. As PLATE III shows, this central fertile land belt is composed of soil classified as class II and III land by the U. S. Soil Conser- vation Service and is good for the growing of garden and field crops.

From the edges of this central fertile belt the ground rises in slopes that become, for the most part, too steep for cultivation; also the quality of the soi in the steeper slopes is not as high as the fertile soil of the flat valley land. Here and there, however, in this class VI land there are some areas fertile and level enough for cultivation.

Along the Umpqua River in the neighborhood of Elkton is another valley area of fairly fertile soil. As PLATE III shows, this sizeable area is composed of class IV soil that, in general, can be cultivated for seasonal crops under a well managed program. This class IV soil, however, for the most part, is very good pasture land.

Along the Pacific Coast within the County is sloping area, back from the beach, that is in class VI land and which is good for grazing.

PLATE V, "EXISTING LAND USE", substantiates PLATE III since farm land is in the fertile valleys, grazing is on the land of gradual slopes, and timber grows in the hilly and mountainous areas.

GENERAL LAND USE

According to the 1950 Census of Agriculture, Douglas County contains 3,239,680 acres of land. Of this total area 18.1 per cent is within farms. Of the land used for agricultural purposes, 124,197 acres are in cropland, 138,820 are in open pasture land (not in woodland), and 18,100 acres are in farm home sites, farm woods and wasteland.

The U. S. Forest Service says there are 2,684,000 acres of Douglas County in commercial forest land and 94,000 acres it classes as non-commercial forest land. Also the Forest Service, in its 1951 Statistics for the Southwest Oregon Unit, says that sor.e 98,000 acres in the County are reserved for recreation areas watersheds, State, County, ILunicipal, and other public use.

14 I - I I -... _, - -_ - 1 -- - I - 11 - I ---. -'- -_-_, " -- __l- . .- - nommomp I - I I I 09 II 4

LAND SUITED FOR CULTIVATION

.O.M.O.OR. . .. LT L. LAR.At OS DTE E AJRO ATOODLR. 11115LR, SIOL O .0..S .iI.i .L.L. . .LPE .AA .TR . DEE LY. L. j.SOLL.MO.RTE ELOES C.SI.OLC.TI.TIS. .AI. RID.OPAROS. O TOORPRc ES ERAET CAAI ITII H..SRE IEOA. RS I

.. .R .OPRD .P . .POR . YA OSISAOA.L LRD O.R S.R R.5. OR.S . ..T..O. .L.ALI.R.L.A.S. .E.S .. . .A. SI T. A . SPEC.L YR . .S. .S.S.O...LOCAL .5. .5. AAR.P.L.R.TEC.I.O CAR.ED OWEDIP. I ... .O.L.S.I.O..S. .. .D.SPECI.L.A.S. . .A. .. . . OS.O.R.S.

...... LAND NOT SUITED FOR CULTIVATION

TOESRRIDSISOSAAT ALS I YL UTD LD O EIL DL lS 0 lS O

.D.S..ITI..S. ACOSARYS S CAURIN CONSEORVATRION SYSI

..PROBLEMS . .. . IN DOUGLAS COUNTY

...... LAND. CAPABILITIES. .S...... CLASSIFICATION.MAP .DOUGLAS.COUNTY

.. .IS .E...... P..B OR. .. . DATA 7SOOS M ...... E.AT...... TOO...ET.. l...... R. TR. ....T. .LT.. T.D...L.. . .E.. .. T. T.T ..

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P LATI II ____ -- - , I --- -, x. ', I "I - , , I I . I I - , -, , _ ; k - __. --- , -- _ _ __ - 4 t

LEGEND - -...... M3 ... .-L -- Em 1." 1-I., Ir', .. - ...... _X

M, I

EXI LAND DOUGLAS C Placing these in the tabular form, re find that there are some 82,563 acres in urban and other private uses.

GENERAL LAND USE DOUGLAS COUNTY

Commercial Forests 2,68h,000 acres Non-commiercial Forests 9L,000 acres Reserved lands (Federal, State, County, M'unicipal) 98,000 acres Cropland 124,197 acres Pasture, not woodland 138,820 acres Farm houses, farmr roads, wasteland 18,100 acres Urban and other private use 82,563 acres

Total 3,239,680 acres

This combination of acreage figures from two Federal Agencies seems to leave a small figure for urban and other private uses but considering the "Reserved Lands" item it nay be imch more accurate than it appears. At least this combined table gives a good idea of the overall uses of County land.

17 IV AGRICULTURE

The total land area of Douglas County is about three and a quarter million acres, but only about one-sixth of the total area is in farms. Topography is the greatest limiting factor in the amount of available cropland. The flat fertile land is in the river valleys and in the shallow trough that runs north and south through the center of the County. In this trough is the main highway (U.S. :,p99) and the main line of the railroad. Here also are the population centers.

An average farm in this County contains some cultivated land, some pasture and some woodland. Of the six hundred thousand or so acres in farms within the County, only about 125,000 acres are tillable. Of this acreage of possible cultivation, about half is in harvested cropland from year to year.

PLATE III shows the general location of the cropland in the County. This LAND CAPABILITY MAP shows that soils in CLASS II, III and IV lie in the flat areas that can be farmed. PLATE IV "SOILS 4AP OF THE AGRICULTURAL AREAS" shows more in detail the locations, soils, and their capability in the agricultural areas of the County including the rich soils that are ideal for vegetables and nut trees, the fertile soils for grain and hay crops, the fertile pasture lands and the gently sloping land of natural woodland and wooded grazing areas.

The soil of the County is in general on the acid side and needs generous additions of rock lime. Perhaps the rock lime deposits within this County may prove of a quality and quantity sufficient for the needs of the tillable land.

As PLATE I shows, there is abundant rainfall in the County and wetness in some parts helps to shorten the growing season which is none too long by reason of low temperatures. Thus agricultural production is also limited by climate as well as by topography and available fertile soil. However, even during the com- paratively short growing season a part of it, in some portions of the County, is dry enough to make irrigation a necessity in certain valley areas. Annual crop yields on much of the cropland could be increased through summer irrigation.

Farm land was the main attraction that brought the first settlers to Douglas County but even in those days many were part time farmers because the woods and streams easily furnished a good share of the family food. The fact that the figures in Table i#6 show that the average farm size is decreasing may be due to the fact that most farm families gain a part of their income from work in the lumber mills or working in the woods. The national trend is toward fewer and larger farms.

More people will come to Oregon and the Northwest every year. The population increase in Oregon promises to be rapid. Douglas County and its rich potentials will attract more people. Added population will bring greater demands upon the land.

Sustained yields will some day come to privately owned forest lands. Soon the labor force in sawmills and in the timber will become fixed at constant levels and at rather constant annual increases. In answer to demands upon the fertile land this land will be managed to produce its maximum. Increasing population will increase the amounts produced and the amount of annual income from agriee culture.

18 L A NE CO,

*1 t

0 3 a6 a

LEGEND

INTENSIVE AGRICULTURE

EGENERAL FARMING A PASTURE AB GRAZING6

EMTIMBER

ORVILLE

SOILS MAP OF AGRICULTURAL AREA IN DOUGLAS COUNTY

SOURCE OF DATA NOTE: U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE TOTAL AGRICULTURAL AREA IS AGRICULTURE STABILIZATION AND LIMITED IN SIZE & CENTRALLY CONSERVATION COMMISSION OF LOCATED IN THE COUNTY.

PLATE iv FARMS AND FARM ACREAGE

ITEI4 1929 1939 1949

1. Total land area (acres) in Douglas County *3,239,680 2. Percent of total area in farms * 20.5% * 19.3,', * 18.1, 3. Land in farms (acres) *656,266 *625,632 587,854 4. Average size of farms (acres) * 263.8 * 228.8 221.7 5. Total cropland in the County (acres) 78,747 72,216 124,197 6. Cropland harvested (acres) 65,152 70,650 47,093 7. Cropland used for pasture (acres) 56,653 79,736 56,073 8. Total land pastured (acres) 511,049 421,714 9. Woodland total (acres) 371,663 177,524 306,737 10. Woodland pastured (acres) 317,628 226,821 11. Other pasture (not cropland nor woodland) acres 138,820 12. Other land (house lots, roads, waste land) acres 18,100 *year 1930 *year 1940 *year 1950

U. S. Census of Agriculture TABLE ;,!6

In 1880, when there were but few sawmills, more attention was given to farming. The report of the Douglas County Agricultural Outlook Conference of 1936 says that in 1880 there were 310,712 acres of improved farm land in the County. No doubt rather steep slope land was then cultivated and some of this slope land was thin soil good only for a few good crops. We know now that all land has its own proper use in keeping with its fertility, topography and climate. The fact that the acreage of farm land and crop land is limited in Douglas County seems to be showing now in the records such as the "Farm and Farm acreage given for three decades in Table 56 There are no drastic changes in the overall annual totals of land in farms, cropland harvested, cropland used for pasture and total land pastured. There is not freedom for drastic changes but there is hope of more intense use.

The estimates of annual income from agriculture prepared by the Douglas County Extension Agent indicate that the prices received for agricultural products are more responsible for the rise and fall of the total amount of the annual income than increases or declines in the quantities of produce forthcoming during each year. This fact is also born out in the following tables that show production figures for three decades of all the principal items of County Agriculture.

Table 7-7 in its general classification of products shows livestock first in importance in annual agricultural income, poultry second and horticultural products third. But breaking these annual income figures down a bit into the main items one finds that Poultry products lead in County income with sheep and wool second, dairy products third and horticultural products fourth.

Large acreage in grazing lands, pasture lands and woodland pasture, in ccm- parison to total agricultural acreage in the County, indicates that sheep and wool will continue to provide a high item for some time in annual County agricultural income. Improvements in permanent pasture and woodland grazing lands are notice- able. The future will bring better utilization of the forest products and this will insure better clean up in the woods following logging operations.

20 ANNUAL INCC14E FROM AGRICULTURE PRODUCT 1949-50 1950-51 1951-52 1952-53 1953-54

LIVESTOCK Sheep and Lambs $1,100,000 $1,750,000 $1,240,000 $1,050,000 $l,101,25( Wool 286,ooo 650,000 375,000 384,000 385,OCC Goats and Mohair 10,000 15,000 14,000 13,000 15,50C Beef Cattle 450,000 800,000 750,ooo 463,OCO 455,75C Swine 55,000 40,000 30,000 21,000 19,60C Dairy Products 1,250,000 1,050,000 1,010,000 987,000 943,50C Misc. Animal Prod.., Rabbits, Etc. 10.000 20.000 30.000 25 ODOOO---O-OC Total Livestock 3,169,000 4,325,000 3,549,000 2,943,000 2,9747,60C

POULTRY Commercial Eggs 945,000 1,479,600 1,574,900 1,340,000 544,00C Hatching Eggs 585,000 341,250 189,000 43,000 9,500 Broilers and Fryers 75,000 150,000 100,000 87,000 93,750 Old Hens and Roosters 200,000 200,000 185,000 92,300 36,ooc Turkeys 605,650 866,021 595,000 357,500 135,000 Hatching Eggs & Poults 232.850 90,000 55.000 65.000 62^000 Total Poultry 2,643,500 3,126,871 2,698,900 1,984,000 188 5C

HORTICULTURE PRODUCTS Prunes, green 90,000 260,000 175,000 94,ooo 45,000 Prunes, dried 140,G00 116,500 96,900 105,250 57,200 Pears 95,000 225,000 8o,0oo 75,900 21,000 Apples 20,000 5,000 23,000 15,000 7,500 Peaches 30,000 30,000 37,000 38,000 1,500 Other Tree Fruits 5,000 5,000 3,70O 3,500 750 Small Fruits, Berries 15,000 10,000 7,800 14,500 13,325 Wa7 nits 60,o000 90,000 81,400 39,450 104,050 Filberts l 5,500 4,800 7,020 3,600 2,500 Nursery Stock, Bulbs, Flowers 100,000 150,000 155,000 150,000 175,300 Truck Crops 120,000 120,000 145,000 110,000 60,250 Snap Beans 123,000 156,000 108,100 134,000 165,000 Total Horticultural Products 8ll,500 1,172,300 919,920 7 T27425653,735

FILLD CROPS Hay 125,000 100,000 120,000 90,000 76,400 Grain 110,000 75,000 95,000 102,000 97,300 Seed Crops 102,0CO 103,000 82,375 35,000 12,500 Total Field Crops 337,000 27,J900 297,375 227,000 1b5,200

FOREST PRODUCTS

Logs, Poles, Wood 750,000 950,000 227,000 815,250

ANNUAL TOTAL $ 7,716,450 $9,653,071 8,415,195 $6,761,925 $5,481,675 TABLE ' 7

21 Progress is good toward making the most of forest grazing areas by better forest clean up, more seeding of fertile, forest grazing acreage and better management of forest and woodland pasture. Even more sheep and wool can be produced to fill greater market demands in the future.

Dairy products have a sure and prominent place in County agriculture because this is a good grass growing county. Grass crops have done much to redeem agricultural acreage here that was depleted by constant grain crops during the County's early years. The art of growing more and better grass and forage crops is practice here in this County. Advances in this art are rapid. Late years have seen Birds- foot trefoil (Lotus) increase its acreage over alfalfa. There is increasing attention to permanent pasture and better seed crops. High annual returns are assured from dairy products and beef cattle and there promises to be no let down in better management of pasture, grass and forage producing acreage that makes the cattle industry a favored one.

LIVESTOCK AID LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS 1930 1940 1949

Horses and Colts 3,901 3,496 * 2,042 Mules and Mule Colts 201 132 * 82 Cattle and Calves 19,059 16,845 * 19,229 Milk Cows 5,344 8,343 * 6,227 Whole Milk Sold (iallons) 637,376 (gallone8) * 873,951 (pounds) 13,010,578 Cream sold (pounds) 677,880 * 667,438 194,934 Hogs and Pigs 5,553 4,795 4,091 Sheep and Lambs 197,661 92,515 115,126 Wool shorn (pounds) 863,255 * 661,492 519,441 Chickens Sold 154,027 * 172,373 174,910 Chicken Eggs Sold (dozens) 1,088,518 * 1,864,737 1,414,793 Turkeys Raised 10S,451 * 210,979 124,705 Ducks Raised 1,735 * 974 1,372 Goats and. Kids 36,071 * 9,157 Bee Hives 931 562 441 * year 1939 * year 1950

TABLE ; 8

The past three years have not brought the yearly income from poultry products as experienced in 1951. Production response to high prices can be rapid in the poultry industry and with a good market and good prices production can go very high in this County. Douglas County has long been one of the top counties in the production of poultry products in Oregon. Better production methods, better interstate transportation facilities and an increasing west coast population should insure that this County keep its place as one of the top five counties in poultry production. Local food processing plants including the packaging and freezing of frying and roasting fowls will encourage both production and quality.

The farm lands of Douglas County are in general using the best known - 'hods to build up the fertility of the soils. Emphasis is rightly upon better grass crops, improving permanent pasture, better small grains and seed crops. Dairy products, beef cattle, sheep and wool, poultry and eggs are the end lifestock products 2oming from field and grain crops. Good prices, good markets and more

22 attention to farm land will raise production of livestock to its full potential on demand.

Table -9 GRAINS, HAY AND FIELD SEED CROPS shows the emphasis on those crops that produce livestock and livestock products. One item that shows the emphasis on livestock production, is the total land from which hay was cut. This item in 1949 was about twenty thousand acres out of the forty seven thousand acres of County land growing a harvested crop. The low acreage in corn is an index of low emphasis on hog production. Small grains in good production parallels the good production of livestock. GRAINS, HAY AND FIELD SEED CROPS (ACRES) ITEM 1929 1939 1949

Corn 4,587 2,794 882 Grains grown together and threshed as a mixture 1,219 4,617 1,7X1 Winter wheat threshed or combined 5,450 1,804 Spring Wheat threshed or combined 398 1,500 Oats - cut for feeding - unthreshed 10,185 11,312 1,029 Oats - threshed or combined 6,219 225 6,978 Barley - threshed or combined 720 2,801 3,166 Rye- threshed or combined 620 85 62 Other grains threshed or combined 2,554 Dry field and seed peas 40 Alfalfa cut for hay 1,969 5,719 3,754 Clover or timothy cut for hay 308 816 1,728 Vetch or peas cut for hay 4,003 Oats, wheat, barley, rye, etc, cut for hay 18,346 16,706 5,616 Wild hay cut 1,941 1,392 2,1486 Other hay cut 2,524 2,278 2,159 Land from which hay was cut 27,358 28,548 19,554 Red clover seed harvested 34 Alsike clover seed harvested 115 Common and perennial ryegrass seed harvested 150 Hairy vetch seed harvested 257 Other vetch seed harvested 573 Austrian winter peas and Dixiwonder - harvested 37 Bentgrass seed harvested 76 Fescue seed harvested 113 Ladino clover harvested 39 Other field seed crops harvested 65

TABLE ''-9 The fertile land of Douglas County has in the past produced high quality vegetables, fruits, nuts and nursery products. We know how to continually improve the land so that it will produce greater such crops than now raised. Dependent on the demand and the ease of marketing, this County can produce several times over the quantities now grown.

With decline in price and market, prunes since 1930 have been reduced to less than one quarter of the total quantity produced then. From over a million trees

23 only about 200,000 trees are now standing in prune orchards. Tree fruits other than prunes are of high quality but the production hardly meets the local demand for peaches, apples, cherries and apricots, etc. Pears seem an exception, with orchards changing over to Bartlett pears in answer to demands of produce firms and canneries.

VEGETABLES - iRUITS - NUTS - NURSERY PRODUCTS ITEM 1929 1939 1949

Vegetables harvested for sale - acres 534 Irish potatoes - acres 325 214 20 Green beans - acres 27 6 22 Cabbage - acres 49 13 3 Carrots - acres 7 7 12 Cucumbers - acres 4 2 2 Cauliflower - acres 13 153 65 Sweet corn - acres 76 41 58 Lettuce and rioaaine acres 12 1 8 Dry onions - acres 5 5 1 Green peas - acres 22 5 2 Squash - acres 52 10 13 Tomatoes - acres 78 79 68 Strawberries acres - 100 136 33 Blaciberries - acres 23 6 1 Raspjerries - acres 9 2 14 Boysenberries - acres 17 18 Cranr'erries - acres 2 Apples - No. of trees 86,165 40,571 * 24,730 Peaches - No. of trees 23,652 27,650 * ^24,152 Pears - No. of trees 80,767 48,368 * 45,390 Cherries - No. of trees 11,459 10,686 * 6,710 Plums enc. Prunes - No. of trees 1,Jo60,368 595,077 * 236,755 Apricots - No. of trees 373 231 * 288 Grap-s No. of vines 23,061 24,177 * 13,310 Walnuts - No. of trees 19,389 18,790 * 18,117 Filberts - No. of trees 4,296 12,272 * 11,250 Nursery products - acres 34 Flowers grown under glass - square feet 50,000 Flo'ceis grown in open - acres 46 *year 1950 TABLE , 10

Douglas County can grow the best of vegetables and small fruits and berries. Strawberries, green beans, cauliflower and sweet corn grown in this County are matchless in quality. If there were plants in this County to prepare the packaged and canned vegetable and fruit products that this County can grow, then more of these crops would be grown and more jobs would be created in this added food products industry.

The food products industry constitutes the highest type of light industry. The food products of Douglas County could cover an exceeding long list of items for national consumption, including milk and cream products, mayonaise, malted milk, candy, preserves, jellies and a great variety of canned eruits and vegetables. Such processing would, of course, include frozen fruits, vegetables, poultry, fish and meat.

IRRIGATION:

"Irrigation in the County has reached the stage where permits for irrigation water exceed the minimum summer flow in many streams. The South Unpqua River is a good example. Allocations of water are reported 14 times the minimum summer flow. Permits for irrigation are still being issued by the State Engineer but water rights are not being granted until such time adjudication of available water is undertaken."

The above paragraph has been quoted from the 1953-54 annual report of the Douglas County Extension Agent. The demand for irrigation water exceeds the suppl,

According to the late report of the County Extension Agent, every effort is being made to make better use of existing water supplies, both for improvement of crops and to enlarge the acreage under irrigation.

U.S. Census information on irrigation in the County is meager but has been collected to form the following Table c4ll showing the growing use of irrigation on farms within the County. IRRIGATED LAND - DOUGLAS COUNTY v 20 1030 1939 1945 1949 Irrigated farms 78 125 171 * 278 Land in irrigated farms - acres 6o,o6i * 70,807 Land in farms irrigated - acres *1)!9ol *1,445 *1,735 3,798 Land irrigated by sprinklers 1,749 Irrigated land in farms according to use: Irrigated cropland harvested - acres 1,837 1,972 Irrigated pasture - acres 821 1,686 ..-T11 * 1929 *1944 *1950 U. S. Census of Agriculture TABLE ",-1l

All new irrigation projects seem to be sprinkler installations and all irrigation within the County is rapidly changing to sprinkler systems on the farms.

Table j,1-12 from the 1953-54 Annual Report of the Douglas County Extension Agent shows - SUtIARY OF IRRIGATION PRCGRESS Number of New Irrigation YEAR Acreage Irrigated Systems Tns~talled 1948 24 267 1949 43 650 1950 54 1,265 1951 72 1,568 1952 94 2, oo6 1953 33 840 1954 23 427

Totals 343 7,023

TABLE :,1 12 This table shows that over seven thousand acres have been placed under sprinkler irrigation within the past seven years, all of which shows the trend to make the best use of the land and the need for such water storage facilities that will no doubt result from the improvements that will follow the County Water Resources Survey now being made. Until new large project reservoirs are forthcoming, farmers are being encouraged to build small storage reservoirs wherever they are possible.

26 V FORESTS

The Pacific Northwest contains 46 per cent of the Nation's saw timber volume and 57 per cent of its softwood saw timber. Oregon and Washington together have produced more than 30 per cent of the total volume of lumber manufactured n the United States for the past thirty years.

According to the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, C.S. Forest Service, the five Oregon Counties - Coos, Curry, Douglas, Jackson and Josephine - form what it calls the Southwest Oregon Unit. This unit encompasses the largest remaining concentration of virgin forests in the Pacific Northwest. This unit's saw timber stands contain 10 per cent of the total quantity of saw timiber in the Nation and about 1.4 per cent of the Nation's total commercial forestland area.

These five counties are similar in climate and terrain. Their rugged, well- watered slopes, under a mild climate, are natural forest areas. Eighty nine per cent of the land in this Southwest Unit is forest land and promises to remain always in this use. The Coast Range separates the unit into a narrow coastal belt and a broad interior area. The coastal belt includes nearly all of Coos aad Curry Counties and a small portion of Douglas County and is well watered with from 60 to 80 inches of annual precipitation. This Coastal Belt has greater forest producing capacity than the Umpqua and Rogue River Basins in the interior area having less rainfall.

As PLATE V, "EXISTING LAND USE MAP", shows most clearly, 89 per cent of Douglas County also is in forest land. The last inventory of forests in Douglas County by the U. S. Forest Service was during the period of 1947 - 49. This reinventory gave Douglas County 2,876,000 acres in forest land. Of this forest land 2,684,000 acres were classed as Commercial forest land, producing or capable of producing usable crops of wood. There were 94,000 acres of the County classed as non-commercial forest land that by reason of rugged terrain or inaccessibility was so designated. Some 89,000 acres of land were classed as reserved commercial forest land which is national forest land or other forest land set aside for public use including recreational use. Also, 9,000 acres of non-commercial forest land was set aside for public use in the County. The remaining 364,000* acres of the County are agricultural land, urban areas and waste land.

A great part of Douglas County is in U. S. Fcrests - Rogue River National Forest, 67,310 acres; Siskiyou National Forest, 5,820 acres; Siuslaw National Forest, 64,480 acres; Unpqua National Forest, 818,250 acres; and Willamette National Forest, 48,730 acres. Total County acreage in National Forests is 1,004,590, or nearly one third of the County's area.

Some 436,579 other acres of forest land are in Federal ownership in the County. This includes 405,370** acres in revested Oregon and California Railroad land, 13,897** acres in revested Coos Bay Wagon Road land and 17,312** acres in Public Domain and other revested land, all of which are forest lands now under the Federal Bureau of Land Management.

* County area 3,239,680 acres by U. S. Census of Agriculture

**These figures from the Bureau of Land Management.

27 State Forest Land within the County is mostly in the Elliott State Forest which straddles the Douglas-Coos County line and has scme 29,560 acres of its area within Douglas County.

Table j,13 prepared by the Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Lervice, Portland, shows, in a most thorough manner, land ownership in Douglas County. This listing of ownership is broken down to show the acreage in each type of forest cover and the acreage in each kind of timber tree to such a degree that we have an estimate of the acreage in all marketable trees together with the portions in old growth and in all saw timber trees, This information results from the U. S. Forest service reinventory completed in 1948. At that time private holdings in old growth saw timber and young growth in saw timber compared very well with such standing timber on public lands. In stands predominantly old growth Douglas fir 394,800 privately owned acres in such stands compared well with 806,640 acres in public ownership on unreserved land. In young-growth Douglas fir saw timber there were 465,075 acres in public lands and 307,415 acres in private lands. Since it was estimated that 73.8 per cent of the net volume of live saw timber trees in Douglas County in 1948 was Douglas fir, then the comparison of ownerships in Douglas fir saw timber acreage is representative of most existing saw timber ownerships.

Log production in Douglas County jumped to over a billion board feet (log scale Scribner rule) for the year 1948 and has been above that mark each year since that date; so the comparisons in ownerships in standing Douglas fir saw timber has changed some since 1948 because of greater cuts on private lands than on public lands.

Within the Southwest Oregon Unit area forest utilization began on a large scale in Coos Ckunty about three decades back. Such utilization in Douglas County has been heavy since 1940. Up to that time forest utilization in this County was at a much lower rate of increase annually. PLATE V, "EXISTING LAND USE MAP", shows by solid black indication logged off areas up to 1954. The frontispiece map shows National and State Forest boundaries so that a comparison of the County map with Plate V will give a pictorial story of timber utilization.

Table 5414 goes further than Table r13 to show in acreage figures the un- touched and the partially cut stands of saw timber by stand-size class for Douglas County.

28 F 1,

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3311 1~eh-mdrees. sesub Uk r sa&a met or I I T f"tI&| * "V1W .rltr-of.6,630 Iva 2 6,55t7,.90 [ 64,630 6t,900 780 31| 3. 3.9Xo 8 |10 , S0B.M0 $$3I w|I° 30 ihretmam below ambelpins V"e be 4 4ref r *sterlo be A$e Osrsis1l feret Z ig 1 1La 2 80oll __ 1.ti

I e ma ms in e eg tati- ea1 se. esee 1i,050 12 1D3.33 7601 1 b20s nl 16.901' 60I D 5I I 3,0 1 580 1 5 .740 11,.t0lll 1 0l 370 1 ,3I I 3 3: 154 ' I 10 4,4l 4col '0 I l 'n Vol" I. 00I I 2.fO 1 1 0|1O ll0lI l go Z

TABXSE13 U. S. DEPAMM OFAMMUTUU - 7MT 12311 v/ Cutting fer 00000fttY prsduwtion praibii~tsd Pacific NormummetForest am1 BMW aweImm BSttims *r limited by reg.latiam, or logialetlon. Portland, Or"gs COIMERCIAL FOREST LAN'D BY STAN~D-SIZE CLASS

IN~ DOUGLAS COUNTY - 1943

STAND-SIZE CLASS ACRES - in thousands

Saw-~Timber Stands

Old-*growth Uncut 1, 350 Partially cut 10 Total Q3 -

Large Young-growth Uncut 470 Partially cut 3 Total

Small Young-growth Uncut 3'27 Partially cut 4 Total

Total saw-timber stands 2,164

Pole-timber stands 186

Seedling and sapling stands 1124

Nonstocked areas 220

Total all stands 2,684

U. S. Forest Service

TABLE '/ 14

Table 'I 15 moves f'orwar'd from Table " 14 to show the Saw timber volume in the timber trees of D~ouglas County by Species and Stand-size Class of 19248.

30 SAW TIMBER VOLUME IN DOUGLAS COUNTY

BY STAND-SIZE CLASS - 1948

Million Board Feet - Log Scale - Scribner Rule

Uncut Partially Pole. Seedlings Non Per Cent Species Saw-timber Cut Timber and Stocked County Saw-timber Saplings Areas Total Total

DOUGLAS FIR 50,093 170 1,715 614 175 52,767 73.8%

PONDEROSA PINE 2,158 .. 41 15 2,214) SUGAR PINE 4,393 2 .. .. 2 4,397) 9.7'% WHITE PINE 238 .. 35 * 273) LODGEPOLE PINE 42 13 .. 55)

HEMLOCKS 2,546 8 3 1 9 2,567 3.6%J

CEDARS 2,898 9 .. 10 2,917 4.1%,1J

TRUE FIRS 5,660 20 23 8 22 5,733 8.0%

HARDWOODS 493 4 64 24 4 589 0.85

TOTALS 68,521 213 1,881 675 222 71,512 100.0 U. S. Forest Service

TABLE ;'`15

This saw timber volume in the County was distributed as follows by Land Ownership Class - .94&:

Million Board Feet - Scribner rule

Private Land 23,418 State Land 1,162 National Forests 25,321 o a C Revested Grant Lands 17,346 Other Land 4,265

Total 71,512

At the time of the completion of the 1948 reinventory of the National Forests there were 1,703,930 acres of forest land in unreserved public ownership and 1,074,000 acres of forest land in private ownership. On the public land at that time there were 43,829 million board feet of standing saw timber and on the private land there were 23,418 million board feet of standing saw timber.

31 FOREST UTILIZATION

It is most difficult to gain an accurate knowledge of the present condition of all commercial forests in Douglas County. All available figures on Federal Forest areas date from the reinventory completed in 1948. State-owned forest lands are small in area as compared to Federal Forest areas. Logging on private forest lands goes on at a pace that makes accurate figures well nigh impossible.

The survey made by Douglas County Forest Appraisal Office for the County Assessor of 'Privately Owned Timber and Timber Land For The Period of 1949 to 19541" is perhaps the most up-to-date information on private forest lands:

Range and Agricultural Land 113,715 acres Nonstocked, Logged-off Land 166, o45 acres Reproduction Forest Land 73,934 acres Pole Stands 631637 acres Merchantable Iimber 527,425 acres 944,756 acres

We do know, from the following tables, that the annual rate of timber utilization has attained a great figure in Douglas County in light of existing saw timber stands and the rate of timber tree growth. Table 7't16 shows Log and Lumber Production in Douglas County by years since 1933. LOG AND LUMBER PRODUCTION AND NUMBER OF SANMILLS IN DOUGLAS COUNTY

1934 to 1953, Inclusive LOG PRODUCTION LUMBER SAWED NUMBER OF YEAR M.B.F. LOG SCALE M. FEET B.M. MILLS 1934 84,826 61,563 36 1935 118,581 79,785 32 1936 146,918 114,893 47 1937 127,296 106,373 49 1938 140,768 113,083 43 1939 178,921 130,463 56 1940 246,148 175,881 54 1941 349,294 238,008 64 1942 210,625 306,163 89 1943 511,351 355,416 93 1944 438,632 87 1945 517,999 382,352 89 1946 718,052 573,326 167 1947 857,214 708,660 186 1948 1,134,439 796,509 177 1949 1,034,578 795,156 138 1950 1,136,209 988,953 134 1951 1,343,713 1,077,001 159 1952 1,619,755 1,176,563 155 1953 1,495,316 - I -,From U. St Forest Service and West Coast TABLE ,'r1o Lumbermens Association 32 Annual log production information compiled and published by the Forest Economic Research Division, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, U. S. Forest Service, for the years 1949 to 1953 inclusive, gave the log production for those years by land ownership. This five year tabulation is given below and is valuable in showing where the logs are coming from as well as the rate of timber utilization.

LOG PRODUCTION IN DOUGLAS COUNTY

In thousands of board feet, Scribner Log Scale

Y1EAR OTHER LANDS* NATIONAI4 FOREST INDIAN LANDS TOTAL PRODUCTION

1949 959,306 63,272 12,000 1,034,578 1950 1,001,809 125,400 9,000 1,136,209 1951 1,214,513 129,200 ... 1,343,713 1952 1,495,855 123,900 ... 1,619,755 1953 1,348,416 146,900 ... 1,495,316

TABLE Jt17

* Compiled by Office of State Forester. 'Other" includes all lands both public and private, except U. S. Forest Service and Indian Reservations. Does not include volume removed for poles, piling and wood cutting operations.

Saw timber Volume - 1943 to 1954

During the five years, 1949 to 1953 inclusive, log production in Douglas County was approximately 6 1/2 billion board feet from live timber. The U. S. Forest Service estimates that annual growth in the County forests is about 600 million board feet a year.

Then while 6 1/2 billion board feet were removed from the forests the annual growth added to standing timber was 3 billion board feet. The net reduction to the County forests for these five years was 3 1/2 billion board feet.

There were 71 1/2 billion board feet of saw timber in 1948 and minus the five year net reduction of 3 1/2 billion board feet there were 68 billion board feet of standing saw timber as of January, 1954 in Douglas County.

The U S. Forest Service estimates that the annual capacities of forest lands of the County on a sustained yield basis are as follows:

33 Sustained Yield Annual Capacities 1954 Cuts

National Forests 264 million b.f. 242 million b.f. Bureau of Land Management 220 million b.f. 250 million b.f. Private Forest 220 - 250 million b.f. 1,000 million b.f.

Totals 704 - 734 million b.f. 1,492 million b.f.

TIMBER LOSS AND WOOD WASTE

Blowdown and Beetle Kill

Loss of saw timber will continue to come to Douglas County from blowdown. This loss is substantial especially when Douglas fir beetle infestation starts in the blowdown areas. For example, in 1951 and during the winter of 1951-52, ten billion board feet were lost by blowdown. In 1954 it was estimated that 16 per cent of the forested area of Oregon and Washington was infested by forest insects, Douglas-fir beetle and Spruce Budworm for the most part.

The word "loss" in relation to blowdown does not have its full meaning when quick salvage operations are made in the blowdown areas. Douglas fir beetle infestations begin in the blowdown areas and spread rapidly. Since known spray control methods are not feasible in stopping fir beetle infestations, the only practical answer is salvage logging.

The following information is from the October 20, 1952 report of the Portland Forest Insect Labratory, U. S. Forest service on the '1952 Blowdown-Bark-Beetle Survey In The Douglas-Fir Region of Oregon and Washington." Acreage of Concentrated Blowdown - Douglas County AREA *HEAVY * MODERATE *CUTOVER

Coast Area 15,021 acres 21,899 acres 15,770 acres Cascade Area 3,393 acres 5,791 acres 9,750 acres

Total 18,414 acres Z2,690 acres 25,520 acres

*Heavy - 25 per cent or more of the stems blown down vModerate - 10 .. 25 per cent of the stems blown down *Cutoverr.- 25 per cent or more of the stems blown down in cutover areas ------n------.------

Total Volume of Blowdown and Beetle-Killed Timber - Douglas County

Million board feet - Scribner Rule AREA HEAVY MODERATE LIGHT CUTOVER TOTAL BEETLE-KILL West 176.0 111.4 1,259 63.7 1,611.0 272.2 East 19.5 31.0 1,620 .- 43.9 1,714.7 229.8

Totals 195.5 142.4 2,880.2 107.6 3,325.7 501.0

34 WASTE

Waste in the production of lumber in the counties that make up the Southwest Oregon Unit (Coos, Douglas, Curry, Josephine and Jackson) is now nothing short of terrific. Modern logging and milling methods in some Western White Pine regions and also in some spots within the Douglas fir region are demonstrating that the day is not far off when wood waste will be reduced to an insignificant factor in the production of wood products.

A record by the U. S. Forest Service in the Southwest Oregon Unit for 1948 shows that for 2,606,781,000 board feet of softwood logs, there was a logging waste of 367,231,000 board feet, or a loss of 14 per cent of "unused merchantable material left in the woods."

Other U. S. Forest Service data shows that there is 33 cubic feet of wood waste to each 1,000 board feet of log production; 55 cubic feet for every 1,000 board feet of lumber produced and 83 cubic feet of wood waste for every 1,000 board feet of plywood produced. This means that by the time l,COO feet of twelve inch boards come out of a mill the waste to produce this 1,000 board feet has been more than the cubic foot volume of the board feet. One thousand board feet contains 83.3 cubic feet of solid wood. Waste in the woods and in the mill was 88 cubic feet of solid wood by the above figures, for every 1,000 board feet of lumber produced.

A study of mill waste in the mills of Oregon furnishes the following detailed information of the waste in the production of 1,000 board feet of lumber. GeneraL title of the report - "Comparison of Results of Sawmill Waste Studies Made by Voorhies, Wilson, Schrader, Hodgson and Gernsey."

Volume of By-products in Cubic Feet (Solid Wood) Accumulating in Sawing 1,000 Feet B. M. Log Scale Investigator - Hodgson

Average of Douglas Fir Mills In Oregon and Washington

Sawdust 23.0 cubic feet Bark 20.9 cubic feet Hogged Wood .. Slabwood 9.5 cubic feet Edgings 5.5 cubic feet Shortwood 12.8 cubic feet Shavings ------

Total solid wood (last 3 items) 27.8 cubic feet

Total solid waste plus sawdust 50.8 cubic feet

Total solid waste plus sawdust and bark 71.7 cubic feet

35 FUTURE FOREST UTILIZATION

The topography and climate of Douglas County are suitable to the production of forests, in fact for the great bulk of the County, this is the most productive use to which the land could be put. There is no reason why this County cannot continue to be one of the greatest wood producing areas in the United States. The answer lies in making the wisest use of lumber. If timber is used faster than it will grow, then the day may come, all too quickly, when good saw timber will be hard to get.

All who know about the best and thorough uses of wood are most conscious of the vast quantity of unchecked waste in the saumills of Douglas County. There is a use for everything that now leaves the mill burners in smoke. In fact, this kind of waste in western pine areas already has proven so valuable that all wood and bark are utilized and the mills are operated by oil fuel.

Emphasis in this County is now on primary mills. The excellent report "Economic and Industrial survey of The Inland Unpqua Basin' published by the Chambers of Commerce of Roseburg, Myrtle Creek and Riddle in 1951 told in a very clear and detailed manner of the Urgent need in this County for secondary mills using kiln dried lumber to make countless wood products. These products would use practically every kind of wood grown in Douglas County and could even double the number of people employed here in wood products industry.

Though lumber drying kilns are expensive, more are needed. More custom kiln drying plants will be required when full utilization of Douglas County lumber is made in this County.

Well dried lumber from pines, firs and hemlock could produce in this County far more wood products than the following obvious suggestions -- finished lumber, millwork, sash, doors, screens, molding and molding stocks, prefabricated houses, pre-cut houses, cabinets, furniture, flooring, boXes, crates, shutters, venetian blinds, fencing, pickets, window shade rollers and slats, laundry appliances, house trailer parts, refrigerator parts, farm implements, tool handles, match sticks, battery separators and charcoal.

Wood chips are now shipped out of the County by two mills to rather distant paper pulp plants. Already some localities in the West are using portable wood chippers in the woods to make chips from wood that usually has been left in the forests.

Until sure methods are developed to use or process the waste from pulp plants, pulp plants or paper mills in Douglas County should be located on sites where their waste can be disposed of without harm to the streams of this County. Pulp plants in Europe are located so that waste is put intz, the ocean without harm to the inland streams. Pulp and paper plants properJ.y located in this County could produce the wide range of paper from kraft to h gh type magazine stock.

Shavings and sawdust produce fuel without processing or processed into pressed logs and briquettes. These present waste items can also produce hurl- board, softboard, charcoal and wood flour.

The cedars are needed for shingles, pencil slats, chests. closet liners, veneer, and interior finish.

36 Research and proven production methods transform bark into soil conditioner, wax, molasses, sugar, ethyl alcohol, tannin and an ingredient used in medicine.

The hardwoods -- Madrone, Alder, Golden Chinquapin, Bigleaf Maple, Oregon White Oak and California Black Oak -- now wait to be used for floorings, cabinets, furniture, wooden ware, toys, novelties, athletic and sporting goods.

More use in this County could be made of pole sized timber, especially pine, for treated posts, piling, poles and railroad ties.

LABOR FORCE IN LU4BER AND WOOD PRODUCTS INDUSTRY

The effective buying income of Douglas County estimated by Sales Management Magazine for 1953 was 4l03,342,000. A recent estimate places the County population at approximately 68,o0o for 1954. Using the employment and payroll records of the Oregon State Employment Service as a base, it is estimated that the total labor force of the County in December, 1954, was approximately 17,000 people. Of this number, approximately 10,700 people were engaged in the lumber and wood products industry.

The total payroll. for employed people in the County for the year of 1954 was approximately $7 +4,783 ,300 and of this total sum '50,258,400 was paid to workers in the lumber and wood products industry. This shows that about 67.2 per cent of the payroll of the County is paid to people employed here in the lumber and wood products industry.

With the greatest possible use of the wood produced in Douglas County the County would greatly enlarge its labor force. The greatest increase would come in employment in secondary lumber and wood products plants making finished lumber and countless wood products from dry wood.

Were all forest producing acres in this County restored to the growing of tree crops and kept on a sustained yield basis, there would be a great and steady supply of mature timber. This annual tree crop of marketable timber would be responsible for the perpetual suipport oY' the Yiiaior part of a greatly increased population in Douglas County.

3? VI MINERALS

A chapter in the book entitled "Physical and Economic Geography of Oregon" published by the Oregon State Board of Higher Education in 1940 contains a short section on the "Mineral Occurrences in Douglas County." This chapter is entitled "The Mineral Resources of Oregon" by Edwin T. Hodge and states that "nickel (occurs as a lateritic alteration of saxonite rocks at Riddle, Copper, lead, zinc, with associated gold, occur in complex sulphide ores at Green fountain and Drew Creek districts (in the extreme southern part of the County). Gold occurs in stream gravels. Linestone occurs in tertiary marine strata. Saline water is present in some springs. Cobalt (occurs) as (a) rare associate in sore metal veins. Mangan- ese is found associated as faint dissemination in volcanics and as a gangue in metal veins. Barite occurs as a gangue mineral in some metal veins. Chromite occurs as nodular masses in basic igneous rock."

The February, 1951 issue of the publication "Ore.-Bin" published by the Oregon State Department of Geology and Mineral Industries contained a speech given by F. .. Libbey, Director of that department but now in retirement. The following material, tith a few changes in phraseology, and with the exception of the section on nickel, is from that speech entitled "Comments on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Douglas County, Oregon."

QUICKSILVER

"Douglas County has been a leading quicksilver area of the State and one of the foremost quicksilver areas of the nation. The best known quicksilver mine in Oregon is the Bonanza located east of Sutherlin. It is said that this mine and the adjoining rine were discovered in the 1860's. Old workings were found on the Bonanza property. In 1935 H. C. Wilmot acquired this property fro,. J. '. :ienzel and associates. In 1937 7ilmot put in a furnace plant and his underground work opened up high-grade ore. During World War II the price of quicksilver jumped to :4200.00 (per 76 pound) flask. This mine was ranked as second among domestic quicksilver producers in 1940. The mine continued to operate after the war but declining nricos forced it to shut down in 19h9. The property still holds a substantial tonnage of low-grade ore and could resume operations if there weve.-a sufficient guarantee that a good price would hold for a sufficient period of time. Near the Bonanza there is the Nonpareil aine and further north the Elkhead mine. These two mines had a small production in the early days before World ar II. In the eastern and southern parts of the County many other quicksilver prospects ar; known. In the Tiller-rDrew area the Buena Vista and Maud S. and the Red Cloud are well known.

GOLD, SILVEh, COPPER AND ZINC

There are several properties in Douglas County containing sulphide deposits in which the commercial metals are gold, silver, copper and zinc. The best known are on Silver Peak, south of Riddle where two properties, the Silver Peak and the Umpqua Consolidated adjoin and would probably need to be operated as a unit. Records on these properties show that they shipped ore to the Tacoma Smelter. The average assay value for 3,329 tons shipped in 1936 was about 0.1 ounce gold, 3.0 ounces silver, 5.6 per cent copper and 6.0 per cent zinc. The ore shipped was massive sulphide containing copper, iron and zinc sulphides. In 1951 the gross value of this ore was estimated at about ,55.00 a ton. M,,uch more development work needs to be done here before plans for a treatment plant could be intelligently drawn, Besides the solid sulphide ore, there is a substantial width of low-grade disseminated sulphides indicated.

In the southern part of the County worthy prospects are the Chieftain, the South Uupgua or Banfield and the Rowley. These mines also require development work in order to be able to plan for the proper scale of operations and the proper treatment plants. They all have some very favorable characteristics.

For many years in the past streams in Douglas County that are tributary to the South Umpqua have been placered for gold both by hand methods and by larger scale operations. In 19h0 a dragline worked on the South Umpqua and on Cow Creek. Various placers have been worked on tributaries of Cow Creek."

NICKEL

The October, 1953 issue of "Ore.-Bin" contained an article written by the staff of the State Department of Geology and L-ineral Industries and the following information on "The Nickel Mountain Project" is from that article.

"On January 16, 1953, the Defense Materials Procurement Agency signed contracts with the Hanna Coal and Ore Corporation and the Hanna Smelting Company, Cleveland, Ohio, for the oroduction of nickel from the Nickel Mountain deposit near Riddle. This is the first operation in the United States for mining nickel on a commercial scale. A few hundred tons have been recorded as produced as a by-product in smelting copper ores in the past. This country has been dependent upon Canada for our nickel. The world supply of nickel has heretofore come from near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, the Petsamo deposit in Finland and a deposit in New Caledonia owned by France. The French owned deposits are similar to the Nickel Mountain deposit. There is also a large deposit of ore in Cuba very similar to the Nickel Mountain ore.

Nickel Mountain is about five miles northwest of Riddle. The sumnit of this mountain has an elevation of 3533 feet. The nickel deposit occupies much of the upper part of this mountain. The Hanna plant site is about 3- miles west of Riddle.

HISTORY -

The town of Riddle was named after William H. Riddle who with his family came from Springfield, Illinois, in April, 1851 with a party of pioneers headed for Oregon. The Riddle family were the first settlers in Cow Creek Valley.

In the spring of 1852 John Smith, from South Bend, Indianat located on a donation land claim embracing the present site of the town of Riddle. After establishing his claim, Smith returned to Indiana and sent his daughter and son- in-law J. Q. C. Vandenbosch to take over the claim. In 1866 Vandenbosch sold his claim to Abner and J. B. Riddle.

The deposit of nickel was first discovered by sheepherders in 1865 and was thought to be tin. In the excavations the prospectors found green ore which they thought was copper. Samples of the rock were sent to Pr. 4illiam Q. Brown, a mining expert who was then mining on Althouse Creek in Josephine County. An analysis showed the ore to be nickel and the sample contained 6 per cent nickel. Brown entered into some form of ownership of this deposit area with J. B. Riddle

39 in 1882 and began mining the niekel ore. More than 3,000 tons of the ore they mined showed an average of 5 percent nickel.

After several changes in the ownership of this deposit, Edson F. Adags of Oakland, California emerged as the owner of the land containing this deposit, in the early part of this century.

The M. A, Hanna Company acquired this property from the Adams estate in 1947.

GOVERNMENT-HANNA CONTRACT -

According to the contract between the Defense Minerals Procurement Agency and the Hanna Nickel Smelting Company and Hanna Coal and Ore Corporation, the Hanna Nickel Snelting Company will produce from 95 million to 125 million pounds of nickel in ferronickel to contain at least 25 per cent nickel and not more than 75 per cent iron. The Governrent will pay not more than 79.39 cents a pound for the first 5 million pounds and 60.5 cents a pound thereafter. DMP3A agrees to advance 24.8 million dollars for construction of smelting facilities and all but 2.4 nillion dollars will be spent on construction of the smelter. The loan will be written off under a mortgage for 24.8 Yillion dollars recorded in Douglas County on June 25, 1953. The Mortgage calls for liquidation by June 30, 1962.

The Hanna Coal and Ore Corporation contracts to develop the nine ofn Nickel Mountain at its own expense to cost approxirately 4.3 Zillion dollars. It is provided that ore fro!7 the deposit will be sold to the government at $6.00 a ton. In turn, the government will sell the ore to the Hanna Nickel Smelting Company at the same price.

It is reported that the smelter will have four primary furnaces, one refin- ing furnace and two auxiliary furnaces. The company has obtained the right to use the French process that has been used successfully in treating the New Caledonia ores having characteristics similar to the nickel silicate ore on Nickel Mountain.

At the same time the DMPA announced the contract between the government and the company it was stated that the ore to be treated would have an average grade of 165 per cent nickel and that the ore would be mined by surface methods, put thru a primary crusher and then conveyed to the smelter. A contract for the construction facilities was let to the Bechtel Corporation and construction was started in the spring of 1953. It was reported that production of ferronickel fro.il one furnace would be started before September 30th of 1954 and that the remaining three furnaces would be installed by the end of 1954.

CHROKITE - Mr. Libbey

"Chror~ite is a very important war material. In normal tines the United States has been dependent wholly upon foreign chromate. Enough chrome should undoubtedly be placed in the national stockpile for emergency needs. Oregon and California are about the only states which can produce a metallurgical grade chrome without chemical beneficiation.

In Douglas County several deposits are known and should be investigated by surface rork and possibly diamond drilling. On Quartz-ill Peak in the Starveout Creek area a deposit has been mined and the workings show that a considerable

40 tonnage must have been shipped. It is believed that most of the ore would not rate as metallurgical grade according to present standards but the ore might be concentrated. It seems likely that more ore could be developed here if a market were available. Another chrome bearing zone is on the South Umpqua River near Days Creek. Some samples obtained here have shown very good grade material. Other chrome deposits are known on Nickel Mountain and'on Cow Creek south of Riddle. Because Douglas County contains large areas of serpentine, the source rock of chromite, chances for finding other chromite ore zones are favorable. (Recently several small chrome mining projects have become active as contributions to the nation's stock pile of this ore with good prices received for ore meeting government requirements).

LIMESTONE

Limestone lenses occur southeast and east of Roseburg and also in Caras Valley. The most important appear to be those near Roseburg. The Oregon Portland Cement Company operated one quarry in this locality in the early days but the attitude of the limestone forced them to go underground which made for expensive quarryling. They abandoned this quarry when they opened their quarry in Baker Countr. Several other lenses are known and one has been quarried for agricultural limestone on the Landers farm about 12 miles east of Roseburg.

COAL AND SULPHUR

Subbituminous coal deposits typical of Eocene sandstone beds are found at Corstock and near the Utmpqua River about 17 miles west of Drain. Little is known of the Comstock coal except that a slope was driven on it many years ago. It is now caved. The Umpqua coal occurs in a flat-lying bed that crops out at several places around a hill. Analyses indicate a good grade of subbituminous coal quite similar to the Coos Bay Coal.

Sulphur occurs in small lenses at the headwaters of Castle Rock Creek about 4 miles by trail from the Diamond Lake highway up Foster Creek. Very little in the way of development work has been done. Because of the shortage existing known deposits of sulphur should receive close attention. Paper companies and chemical companies of the Northwest are searching for northwest supplies prefer- ably in the form of elemental sulphur, but sulphur from sulphides would be acceptable. Therefore very large deposits containing iron sulphide would be very interesting to paper and chemical companies."

The above information provided by minerals experts indicates that Douglas County has potentials in its mineral deposits that should be most diligently explored. Known deposits of various minerals bear better than average promise to bring ample returns if these deposits were opened up and rained by operators determined to do a thorough job. :'ineral explorations to date have produced enough evidence to indicate that rich rewards will come from intense future prospecting activity. PLATE VI, "1INERAL DEPOSITS MAP", shows in a general way known deposits of minerals in Douglas County. I 1~-~ ~~ ----~- I I --- l.~1 I II . ~~ -M - ' - ~

MIIN ERA L DEPOSITS MAP

SOURCE STATE DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES * : .# PLATE Vi VII INDUSTRY AND TRANSPORTATION

Progress in industry and manufacturing in Douglas County has been most rapid since 1947; that was the year of the last U. S. Census of manufacturing. The Federal Census of manufacturing in 1947 reported 190 manufacturing establishments with an average of 5,296 employees in Douglas County. The total annual sun] for salaries in 19147 was 17,077,000 and the value added to goods by nanufacturing was 4382,162,000.

The late U. S. Census of Ivanufacturert has been taken, but published results of this census will not be available until about January, 1956. The information given here for 1954 will be compiled from the quarterly reports of the Oregon State Employment Service. This information shows that the County labor force in manufacturing has increased from 5,296 to approximately 12,000 employees or an increase of 220 per cent in eight years. The total annual payroll in manufacturing was approximately 52,275,000 for 1954 or about three times rhat it was in 1947. A ratio comparison based upon labor force figures would place value added to goods by manufacturing in 1954 at ~882,867,000. As pointed out in the preceding chapter, the major part of the manufacturing industry in this County is in lumiber and wood products. Statistics of the 7est Coast Lumbermans' Association list 155 lumber mills in Douglas County in 1952 and the records of the Oregon Employment Service show that some 335 establishments W~ere either in the production of lumber or wood products in this County in Decem-Iber, 1954. Some 95 of the mills and woodworking plants have ten or more employees. The great majority of lumber and wood products plants are sawmills and planer mills. There are 7 plants making plywood and 6 veneer plants. A relatively few plants make shingles, boxes, crates, molding or produce handles, cabinets or finished articles of wood. Dry kilns are very few as compared to the number of lumber mills.

Outside of lumber and wood vworking plants, only 26 plants are listed by the Oregon Ainploymrent Service as manufacturers in Douglas County; these are classed as follows:

DOUGLAS COUNTY MIANUFXCTURING - 4TH QUARTER - 1954 Number of Number of Payroll Kind of Manufacturer Establishments Employees 1954 *

Food and Kindred Products 9 271 $ 658,784 Lumber and Wdood Products (except furniture) 335 10,749 50,258,384 Printing, publishing and Allied Industries 6 113 399,802 Stone, Clay and Glass Products and Primary Metal Industries 3 264 759,971 Machinery (except electrical) 4 12 64,780 Fabricated Metal Products 4 36 133,201 ------* Oregon Employment Service figures, plus 20 per cent

TABLE # 18 Mining

Mining kept between 168 and 198 people employed during 1954. During the last quarter of the year there were 184 people in this industry with a payroll for that year of i982,620. Summary

Summarized, the facts on industry in Douglas County show plainly the need for urgent and constant effort to bring about the full use of all timber cut from the forests and thereby bring great returns to the County through full utilization of wood now wasted. Such full utilization of lumber includes placing every forest acre into production on a sustained yield basis. M1ineral resources should be searched out and utilized in Douglas County processing plants. Grains, milk, fruits and nuts so successfully grown in Douglas County offer a wide range of raw products that could be converted into countless food products completely processed or manufactured in Douglas County.

Transportation It can be said at the start that Douglas County needs improved transportation facilities.

Railroad Transportation One passenger train north and one south serves Roseburg and Douglas County daily. (dis uont-.n' d August 7, 1955) Roseburg has one scheduled freight train north and ssuth; -ach day between Ashland and Eugene. This city also has one scheilc3d freig;Iht +,^ain, daily except Sunday, between Riddle and Eugene. This passcngdr and 2r-igh-" service of course includes all central County towns on the Southcrn Pacific Railroad.

Reedsport has the service of two scheduled freight trains from the north (Florence and Eugene) te.-riainating on a coastal branch of the Southern Pacific Railroad. Highway Bus Transportation

The entire County is rost dependent upon passenger bus service that serves all of the principal towns in the County. The Pacific Greyhound Lines have 9 buses north and 9 south daily through Roseburg; the Continental Trailways have 3 buses north and 3 south daily throu[gh this city; both of these lines make use of U. S. Highway p99.

Reedsport and the coast is served by the Pacific Greyhound Lines on U. S. Highway #101 with 4 bus3s north and lasouth each day. In addition one bus makes a daily round trip botrUvenr Reedsport and Salem on State High-way #38 through Elkton and Drain. buses of both companies carry considerable package frei:ht.

Air Transpoitatlon

Roseburg is served by the ';llst Coast Airlines by 3 flights north and 3 flights south through the city daily. Considerable air freight and mail is handled by these planes. c7ith the increase in the population of the Roseburg area and of the County, air service will require a better airport for inct ealing air service to this County. Motor Freight

The County has good motor freight service in lieu of more adequate rail freik service. The following lines serve the County by local and distance freight servic I44 Consolidated Freightways - service to Seattle, Los Angeles, Chicago, St, Louis and interstate points using U. S. Highway #99 and Oregon State Highway #J2.

Flegel Transfer and Storage Company - service to any point in Douglas County, Oregon and Washington on hire.

Pierce Freight Lines, Inc. - service to any point in Oregon and California on regular schedules and also on hire. TMain schedules are on U. S. Route #99.

Oregon-Nevada-California Fast Freight, Incorporated - service to Portland, San Francisco, Reno, Klamath Falls and other Oregon points on regular schedules and also on hire.

Roseburg Transfer and Storage Co. - serves Roseburg and area within fifty miles of the city. This local line acts as agent for Allied Van Lines and Vi4est Coast Fast Freight.

Pacific Motor Trucking Co. - a subsidiary of the Southern Pacific Railroad and acting as a feeder service to rail shipments any place in the United States. Serves an area within 2 miles of Roseburg. All of the above rmotor freight lines use Roseburg as their County service center.

Reedsport Motor Freight - serves coast tovins, Eugene and all Oregon points on scheduled runs and for hire.

l.ater Transportation

Reedsport is the seaport of Douglas County and its harbor facilities are now being widened and improved to better accomraodate ocean going ships. As the County grows ReedsDort will handle an increasing amount of ocean going freight. Shallow draft ocean going craft can cone up to Scottsburg but of course such craft are limited to occasional coastwise travel. Early in the history of this County ocean schooners out of San Francisco sailed up the Umpqua to Scottsburg.

Reedsport could handle more ships than it nov; does for lumber export and coastwise lumber and wood products shipping. VIII TRADE

Retail Trade

The most recent U. S. Census of Business was made in 1942 but those statistics can be used to good advantage in a comparative manner. However the quarterly reports of the Oregon State Employment Service give recent information on employment and payrolls within the County. Comparison of the figures of both agencies serves to show the great increase in retail trade and the number of people employe in the County in such trade.

In 1948 there were 617 retail establishments in Douglas County, the sales of which totaled `46,120,000. In 1948 some 1,800 people were employed in retail trade and the annual payroll was $3,837,000.

In December of 1954 there were about 2,200* people employed in retail trade and their annual payroll amounted to approximately `5,981,000*. The May, 1955 issue of the "Sales Management" annual gave an estimate for Douglas County for 1954 of $70,876,000 total annual retail sales. The "Sales Management" figures for 1953 gave a much higher figure for annual retail sales of ,73,201,000, the difference probably being caused by a rather long period in 1954 when the timber and lumber industry was shut down. The "Sales IvInagement" annual for 1955 gives the following interesting information for this County:

RETAIL TRADE, DOUGLAS COUNTY, 1954

Families in Douglas County 21,100 Retail Sales Estimates Urbanized population 10,300 County sales Per Family v 3,359 County population 69,200 For Food 20,696,000 For General Merchandise 5,440,000 Effective Buying Income Estimates For House Furnishings, Radio 3,665,000 Total ~101,777,000 For Automobile 13,994,000 Per Capita 1,471 For .a 1,729,000 Per Family 4,824 Annual total all retail sales $,70,876,000

The following Table ,'20 taken from the U. S. Census of Retail Trade published in 1948, while not up to date, does give good information of the place of each type of business in the entire field of retail trade in Douglas County. Dollar values have gone down since 1948 making the difference in total payrolls between then and now seem wide but in reality only about 400 more people were employed in retail trade in 1954 over 1943.

*Oregon State Enployment Service figures plus 20 per pent. KINDS OF BUSINESS-SALES-PAYROLLS-EMPLOYEES

DOUGLAS COUNTY - 1948- Number Sales Payroll Total IXIND OF BUSINESS of Entire Entire Number Establishments Year Year Employees

Grocery stores, without fresh meat ,,2,128,000 -;72,000 46 Grocery stores, with fresh meat 83 9,432,000 384,ooo 178 Meat markets, fish markets 10 506,000 25,000 13 Dairy products stores, milk dealers 897,000 107,000 41 All other food stores 8 176,000 34,000 17 Eating places 99 2,596,0o0 545,000 344 Drinking places 35 1,307,000 140,000 71 General merchandise 23 3,731,000 342,000 19P Variety stores 9 489,OCO 56,000 50 Men's, boys' clothing) furnishings 7 595,0CO 52,000 17 Family clothing stores 3 Women's ready-to-wear stores 10 716,00o 85,000 47 Other apparel, accessory, specialty stores 2 Shoe stores 6 210,000 18,000 10 Furniture, home furnishing stores 14 1,541,000 172,000 57 Household appliance, radio stores 17 964,oco 109,000 40 Automotive group 30 7,573,000 784,ooo 284 Gasoline service stations 86 3,455,000 220,000 105 Lumber, building group 20 1,387,000 139,000 44 Hardware and farm equipment dealers 20 ,590,g000 83,000 42 Drug stores 14 ) Proprietary stores 1 1,215,000 97,000 49 Liquor stores 6 1,289,000 39,000 11 Fuel, fuel oil, ice dealers 6 326,ooo 23 Feed, farm, garden supply stores 15 2,500,000 60 Jewelry stores 8 303,000 12 Book,stationery stores 2 206,0co 11 Second-hand stores 60,000 All other retail stores 23 639,000 75,000 29 Totals 617 $,46,120,000 $3837,000 1,801*

*In addition to hired employees, there were 720 active proprietors and 300 unpaid family workers in retail trade establishments for the year.

TABLE , 20

PLATE VII, "ROSEMURG WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE AREAS," shows graphically the retail sales area of Roseburg which as the County seat and largest city of the County does offer for sale large and special items not found in smaller cities of the County that do not have enough call for many articles and so cannot afford to hold them in stock. It will be noted that the boundaries of this retail sales area do not extend very far into the Reedsport and Coos Bay areas, nor into all of the Coquille retail area. Of course there is an overlapping of city retail trade areas because of the fact that people vary their shopping habits, especially in special items and the common desire to 'shop around" which term, in an automobile age., means short trips often just for the sake of change or I -1, , -- -- - 1 I T- k-- -1I -- l I 1. . 11I - , C g I It .6

WINCHESTER ELKTON ARE,

D -L7 U BEND

BAND U iMYRTLE CREEK

Ll-

TWHOLESALE u T7RA DE A REA AIL 6: R fIIOSEBURG WHOLESALE & RETAIL BEACH 0L TRADE' AREAS 0 ongasion G COMMI^SSION PLATE ViI special sales attraction. In general, the Roseburg retail sales area reaches out a distance of thirty miles on an average.

The determination of the retail area of Roseburg was made by a very thorough canvas of all types of retail businesses within that city and its contiguous area and so gives a true picture of the reach of business in the County seat area.

Retail business will of course increase as the County population increases. The volumes of retail business handled in each city will also be influenced by improved access by modern highways. Easy and roomy parking facilities provided by each retail establishment is a recognized factor in the improvement of retail sales. Large cities of the State will attract customers from many counties for such items as household furnishings if a good selection in such furnishings are not kept in stock locally. This same fact is true for late clothing styles.

SERVICE TRADE

Service trades are those businesses that provide some form of service to the individual or to other businesses and professions. Federal census and employment agencies group these services under about 6 classifications:

1. Personal services including barber and beauty shops, laundries, and cleaning establishments.

2. Business services including advertising, business news service and telephone answering service, etc.

3. Automobile repair service.

4. Miscellaneous repair service, including radio, locksmith, electrical repairs, watch repairing and sign repairing, etc.

5. Hotels, including motels and rooming houses, etc.

6. Amusements, including theaters, dance halls, and bowling alleys, etc.

Records of the present service trade are not inclusive enough to use. The results of the 1948 federal census of retails are used to show in particular the number of establishments in the service trades. Late records indicate that the payrolls of present service trades are at least double the payrolls in 1948 and the annual receipts should have increased that much.

49 SERVICE TRADES - DOUGLAS COUNTY - 1948 U. S. Census - Service Trades - 19140 KIND OF No. of Number Annual Receipts BUSINESS Estab. Employed Payroll Entire Year

Personal services 89) Business services 7) Automobile repair services and garage 45) 257 $ 657,000 $2,537,000 Miscellaneous repair services 31) Amusements 18 50 57,000 469,000 Hotel, Rooming houses, Tourist courts 66 124 185OOO 991,000

Totals 256 431 t 899,000 $3,997,000

The number of employees may not include 303 active proprietors listed by this census. TABLE # 21

These 1948 figures showed a great increase over the 133 service establishments with a total annual receipts of $402,000 listed by the 1939 Service Trades Census.

WHOLESALE TRADE

The most recent and inclusive figures on wholesale trade in Douglas County are those of the U. S. Census of this trade for 1948. The best way to show the increase of such trade in the County is by comparison with the U. S. Cepsus figures of 1939. In 1939 Douglas County had 37 wholesale establishments that employed 168 people and some 17 active proprietors. The annual payroll in the wholesale trade that year was t156,000 and the sales for the year were $20,206,000. In 1948 there were 62 wholesale establishments in the County employing 516 people with 52 active proprietors. The payroll in 1948 was 41,526,000 and the sales for the entire year were "20,206,000. These figures indicate a great increase in the wholesale trade in nine years.

Employment and payroll figures of the Oregon Employment Service while not showing full coverage of the wholesale trade do indicate considerable increase over the 1948 U. S. Census figures.

The strategic location of Roseburg in relation to this and adjoining counties will be improved as highway and other transportation facilities are improved to meet growing demands of an increasing population and the parallel needs of better and increasing wholesale services. Improved !ajor highways will shorten the distance between cities of this part of the State and so reduce delivery time of wholesale goods.

In 1948 the bulk of wholesale distributors in the County were petroleum bulk stations or terminals (21 establishments) and next were 11 establishments distri- buting machinery, equipment and supplies.

50 IX ELECTRIC POWER

Chapter XIV, of "Physical and Economic Geography of Oregon" published in 1940 by the Oregon State Board of Higher Education, is entitled the "Power Resources of Oregon" by C. A. Mockxore. A portion of this chapter states - "The total potential power of the Unpqua River, according to the U. S. Geological Survey is 2L3,000 horsepower 90 per cent of the time and 573,000 horsepower for 50 per cent of the time. If storage were provided these figures could be increased to 354,000 and 549,000 horsepower. w"ith unified operation of all plants proposed as feasible by the Geolor,-ical Survey, the power available 90 per cent of the time With storage could be increased in an average year to more than 400,000 horsepower of which 350,000 horsepower would be on the Umpqua and North Umnpqua Rivers, 15,000 horsepower on the Clearwater River, 9,000 horsepower on Mill Creek and the rest on smaller tributaries. The Umpqua, North Umpqua and Clearwater Rivers are valuable power streams with fall and well-sustained flow and the Umpqua and North Umpqua have possibilities for increasing the power storage reservoirs. Mill Creek, a tributary of the Umpqua River, has possibilities for storage and a concentrated fall, so that it is valuable for power. The South Umpqua River and Steamboat Creek, a small tributary of the North Umpqua, have some potential power value, but the power sites are not especially good. Rock Creek and Little River, both tributaries to the North Umpqua; Cow Creek, a tributary to the South Umpqua River and Elk Creek, a tributary to the Umpqua River have little value for power."

Since the U. S. G. S. information was published, which formed the base for the above statement, much has happened in relation to the program for the development of the power potentials of the Umpqua River.

Several sites on the North Umpqua vere examined two or more decades ago and land along the North Umpqua was acquired by the California Oregon Power Conpany containing good power dam sites. Strong objections were raised by sportsmen and fish and game management agencies against development of power sites on the middle and the lower portions of the North Umpqua River.

Power Sites to Park Sites

As the results to objections to lower and middle river dam sites an agreemey was reached with the California Oregon Power Company to develop only sites on the upper portion of the North Umpqua rPiver and its upper tributaries. A great part c the shore lands along the North Umpqua for a distance of about four and one half miles west from the boundaries of the Umlpqua National Forest, that were ovined by C, 0. P. Co. were relinquished by that company and these shore lands care into the ownership of Douglas County for park and recreational purposes. These river bank areas will forever insure access to the river by people of this County and their visitors for recreational use.

The North Umpqua Hydro Electric Project

An area roughly 21 miles by 14 miles extending from Diamond Lake to about a mile west of Soda Springs holds the eight hydro electric plants that now constitute the North Umpqua Hydro Electric Project. Since the Toketee dam and power plant were completed in 1950, six plants of this huge project have been completed and in about another year the eighth plant, Lemolo #2, will be complete and deliver power into the California Oregon Power system. All except the Toketee plant are single generator plants of the outdoor type, automatic in operation and having remote control from the Toketee plant. The Toketee power plant holds three generators and is the only power house in the system with other plants being classed as outdoor plants.

The following is a list of the eight plants of this North Umpqua Hydro Electric Project and their name plate ratings:

1. Toketee - in operation since 1950; 3 generators - Name plate rating - 42,500 K. W.

2. Slide Creek - in operation since 1951; 1 generator - Name plate rating - 18,000 K. W.

3. Soda Springs - in operation since 1952; 1 generator - Name plate rating -

11,000 K. *.

4. Fish Creek - in operation since 1952; 1 generator - Name plate rating - 11,000 K. W.

5. Clearwater #1 - in operation since 1953; 1 generator - Nare plate rating - 15,000 K. I.

6. Clearwater #2 - in operation since 1953; 1 generator - Name plate rating - 265000 K. 1.

7. Lemolo #1 - in operation since July, 1955; 1 generator - Name plate rating - 29,000 K. God.

8. Levolo #2 - expected to be completed in 1956; 1 generator - Name plate rating - 33,000 K. W1.

The Fish Creek plant uses water from Fish Creek. The Clearwater plants #1 and #2 both use water from the Clearwater sliver. The other five plants use water from the North Umpqua RLver.

The Winchester dam on the North Urpqua River close to U. S. Highway #99 was built many years before the beginning of the North Umpqua Hydro Electric Project. Its small power plant is used mainly to pump the water which supplies the City of Roseburg and adjacent area. This plant of 500 K. as. is a part of the C. 0. P. Co. system.

Douglas County is fortunate in having electric power sources within its boundaries that meet the needs of existing industry and which ae available to the increases in industry that the future will bring. X. RECREATION

Background

As early as 1936 sports and recreation organizations in Douglas County were much concerned that park and recreation areas be established for public use and to fill the growing public need for these areas. The desire to restore fish runs in the Umpqua River was no doubt a part of this need to restore full recreational and sports facilities for the people of the County and the growing host of visitors to the County.

About 1947 "The Umpqua Basin Conservation Council",a group representing several sportsmen's clubs and Douglas Countybegan a definite program working toward a Douglas County Parks Department. This program grew from the efforts of this organization to acquire and dedicate to public use, park and recreation areas within the County.

The Douglas County Public Parks Department was established by a County Court Order in 1950 and several parcels of land care into the ownership of the County almost with the establishment of this department.

This action in Dcuglas County not only set an excellent example for other counties in this State to follow but also began the building of a County Park and Recreation system that is attracting national attention.

The building of the first portions of the master plan for"fWiinchester Bay Tidelands Park and Boat Easin"and the paralleling improvements at the mouth of the Umpqua River have brought a host of sports fishermen to these new facilities and have returned a fair sized fleet of commercial fishing craft to the improved harbor. This one step in the Douglas County Park program has won the attention and acclaim of the whole State.

This work on this one recreation area, however, has only been a part of the County-wide activity of the County Park Department. This department has just moved into new quarters that include efficient office, shop and equipment storage facilities. This headquarters building for this department is already demonstrating its good planning in the rapidity in which nem park equipment is being built in the new shop.

County-Owned Park Areas

Eleven park areas have been acquired.i;:proved and put into use in the County. These eleven parks add-up to approximately 2CO acres of recreational area. Two of these parks, though small in area, are outstanding in their service to community and County recreational needs:

1. The Anna Drain Park in East Drain is a part of a community recreational area that includes a ;.ar Memorial SRimming Pool and a high school athletic area. The entire community recreational area is being progressively improved through the constant effort of Drain civic groups.

2. Mrack Brown Park. This small park area of 3.37 acres, not far from the village of Umpqua, receives intense use during the summer months. The eleven improved parks are:

Anna Drain Park 1.7 acres Canyonville County Park 8.24 acres Gardiner County Dock Mack Brown Park 3.3X acres North i'uyrtle Park 19.00 acres Richard G. Baker Memorial Park 1.6 acres Singleton Park 3.33 acres 'winchester Bay Tidelands Park and Boat Basin 145.08 acres Wiinston-Dillard Park 5.96 acres Ziolkouski Beach Park 4.6 acres

Total improved 192.88 acres

Other County park areas, some of which have received initial improvement are:

Ada Park 13.9 acres Barton Park 14.94 acres Britt Nichols Park 123.75 acres Dave Busenbark Park 28.6 acres Fair Oaks Park 3.17 acres Hedden Park .5 acres James Wood Park 1.9 acres North Umpqua River Shore Lands 400.0 acres Otter Slough Park 30.8 acres 617.56 acres

County park lands under consideration:

Myrtle Grove 10.0 acres North Umpqua Roadside Park 3.0 acres

13.0 acres

Total acreage in County Parks 823.32 acres

The progress of the Douglas County Park Department in the few years of its existence, the acreage improved and the acreage acquired in park and recreational areas has furnished an inspiration for all county park development in Oregon. The accomrlishments to date are outstanding due to the excellent supervision of its Park Superintendent and the hearty help and cooperation of the County Court.

State Park Areas

In addition to the County-ovned park areas, the State of Oregon has 14 park areas within the County. Three of these areas, "The Camas Fountain Wayside Area" of 160 acres, "The Elk Creek Tunnel Forest Wayside Area" of some 200 acres and "The UImpqua Lighthouse Park" of 2,748 acres are sizeable additions to the park and recreation acreage in Douglas County. The 14 State park areas total some 3,212 acres and provide welcome picnic and park stops along the primary highways. National Forest Park Areas

Within the Umpqua National Forest there are 12 camp and recreational areas totaling some 85 acres. In the Siuslaw National Forest there are three additional areas. Value of Park and Recreational Areas

As a county possessed of vast forested areas, lakes, mountains, streams and ocean front, Douglas County has great attraction to the motorist, the vaca- tioner and the sportsman. To properly benefit from this growing host of annual and seasonal visitors it is highly important that every means be taken to protect and improve the abundant natural recreational advantages this County possesses.

Some idea of the money value of these visitors is expressed in the annual figures resulting from the yearly survey of Oregon Tourist Travel compiled by the Travel Information D4vision of The Oregon State Highway Department. This survey in 1954 showed that there were 98l,485 tourist automobiles visiting Oregon last year. These motor tourists spent an average of $5.54 per person per day. The average expenditure for each tourist automobile during its stay in the State was tl14.31. The estimated total amount spent in the State by tourist automobile visitors for the year of 1954 was .112,193,550. In addition to automobile tourists the tourists that came by rail, bus and air were estimated to have spent some 113,182,851. The total left in the State for the year 1954 by tourists was estimated at "125,000,000. This sum shows most plainly and forcefully that recreational facilities are most worthwhile as a top item in the State's income.

55 XI POPULATION

The Nation

Estimates of the population of the United States prior to 1950 were all very short of the population figures disclosed by the 1950 U. S. Census. Pop- ulation experts prior to 1940 even predicted that the United States would have a rapid yearly decline in the rate of population increase until by the year 2000then this country would have a stabilized population with no annual increase and a decrease after the beginning of the century. The exact opposite has occurred. Since the years of the great depression and following the Second lorld Wear birth rates have climbed steadily and at the present time there seems to be no real reason to expect that they will drop off sharply, especially here in the Northwest. 1952 experienced the greatest numer- ical increase in national population for any one year in the Nation's history. The present population of the United States exceeds 162,000,000 and seems to be growing at a rate of more than 21 million people a year.

The most sound projections of populations for the Northwest seem to be those contained in a report prepared for the Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee dated July 21, 1952 entitled "Population Projections For the Pacific Northwest States and Region, 1960 and 1975. This report quotes unofficial national projections for the population of the United States as follows: 1960 1975 Low - 161797,000 Low - 1616,000 Medium - 169,371,000 Medium - 190,101,000 High - 180,276,000 High - 225,310,000

The 1960 figures have since (January 27, 1952) been published by the Census Bureau - Series P-25, No. 55. Somewhere between the low and the high estimates seems to be the actual trend.

The Northwest All estimates of future population of the Northwest on the part of the U. S. Census Bureau seem too cautious in light of the resources of the States of Oregon and Washington. This feeling that the growth of the Northwestern states can be compared to national growth or growth of other areas is erroneous in light of the resources of this region. The facts are that there is nothing to indicate that the birth rate will fall off greatly in the next two decades. The net in- migration into Oregon and Washington has exceeded the natural increase for every decade since 1880.

The 1950 U. S. Census showed that six states had increased their population by over 30 per cent since 1940. These were: California ------53.3 per cent Arizona ------50.1 per cent Florida - 46.1 per cent Nevada------45.2 per cent Oregon ------39.6 per cent Washington ------37.0 per cent The average increase for all of the States between 1940 and 1950 was 14.5 per cent by U. S. Census.

For three years - 1951, 1952 and 1953 - since the taking of the 1950 census, Oregon has increased its population by 7.1 per cent, or about 2.3 per cent a year. This seems to indicate an increase for this decade (1950-1960) of nearly 23 per cent. The difference between the growth this decade anid the past may be the lack of great migration such as was caused by the urgent-need for workers in the war industries of the Northwest between 1940 and 1950.

However, the same facts are now present as those that in a great measure brought so many people into this area during the past decade. These reasons were well expressed in the "Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committeets" report -

"1. The relatively mild climate and scenic and recreational attractions of these states (Oregon and Washington).

"2. A generally higher rate of economic development and expansion of employment and incomes in those states than in the nation as a whole.

"3. A widespread belief among residents of other areas that economic opportunities are better in W'ashington or Oregon and that they can make a better living there than where they are. The vast natural resources awaiting development in the Pacific North't;est reinforces this opinion.

"These three influences are still prevalent and should continue to induce migration into l7ashington and Oregon for a long time to come."

THREE DECADES OF ORLGON GROMTTH

U. S. Census and Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee Excess of Approximate Average DecadeDeae PerIncrease Cent NumericalIncrease Births over i4qtqimgr.&tbonNet AnnualMigrt'~onf Net

1920-1930 21.8 170,397 52,746 117,65u 112765 1930-1940 14.2 135,898 28,627 107,271 10,727 1940-1950 39.6 431,657 147,000 285,000 28,500

TABLE # 22

The above table shows in detail the manner of the increases in the State population for the past three decades and shoves the comparison between the natural increase in the population and greater numbers of people who come into the State each year. The Second World "-'ar period stands out in these records of the past decade.

The medium birth rates given in the report of the Columbia Basin Inter- Agency Committee for the State of Oregon are 23.6 per thousand in 1950, 24.1 for 1951, 23.2 for 1952, 22.2 for 1953, 21.3 for 1954, 20.3 for 1955 and decline to 16.5 for 1959. Which perhaps may be at a greater reduction than the rates that actually come about. In fact, Douglas County had a birth rate of 30.6 for the year 1953. The median projection of the populations of Oregon and Washington in the following table of the U. S. Census Bureau seems to be more nearly the increase that may come about in the next two decades. These projections are unofficial estimates of the Census Bureau and of course do not include the effects of a war or other great catastrophe.

Year 1960 Oregon Washington

Low 1,831,000 2,709,000 Medium 1,918,000 2,837,000 High 2,041,000 3,020,000

Year 1975 Oregon Washington

Low 2,105,000 3,008,000 Medium 2,417,000 3,452,000 High 2,864,000 4,092,000

The subcommittee of the Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Comrittee gave the following projections for these states for 1975 that are higher than those estimates given by the Census Bureau and may be mlore in keeping with higher sustained birth rates and little decline in the rates of in-migration.

Year 1975 Oregon Washington

Low 2,156,000 3,104,000 Medium 2,591,000 3,750,000 High 3,026,000 4,395,000

Estimated population, July 1, 1953: Oregon, 1,630,000; Washington, 2,520,000 - U. S. Census.

Douglas County

From the first year of its official existence (1852) until 1880, Douglas County saw a period of settlement and the opening up of agricultural land; the growth was slow. The County in 1880 had a population of 9,596. For the next ten years, however, settlement was more rapid because of the building of nevr roads and the coming of the railroad. The towns of the County began to take shape on their present sites.

The County growth from 1890 to 1930 was steady and in no way spectacular. The emphasis was on agriculture. The population increased about 10,000 people during this forty year period. Beginning in 1930 the rate of growth increased to such an extent that the County added about five thousand to its population in a decade.

The coning of fforld 1iar II and the demands for all basic materials, such as lumber, had immediate effect on Douglas County's population, as the census records show. The population more than doubled from 1940 to 1950 showing an increase of 112 per cent during this decade. Between 1950 and through 1954 the County population has increased 24,82 per cent (estimated) which is at the rate of a little more than 6 per cent per year. This promises a heavy increase in population for this decade but less than the great increase of the last decade, 1940 to 1950. Future in-migration into the State and the steady demand for lumber and other resources of Douglas County promise. to keep the population growth at a high rate of increase. with an Qver-all density of about eleven people per square mile now, there should be room for ample growth in this County.

POPULATION GROWTH - DOUGLAS COUNTY TOTAL PER CENT URBAN RURAL PER CENT YEAR POPULATION INCREASE POPULATION POPULATION URBAN

1860 3,203 1870 6,o66 1880 9,596 1890 11,864 1900 14,565 22.8 19690 12,875 1910 19,674 35.1 4,738 14,936 24.1 1920 21,332 8.4 4,381 16,951 20.5 1930 21,965 3.0 4,362 17,603 19.3 1940 25,728 17.1 4,924 20,804 19.1 1950 54,549 112.0 8,390 46,159 15.4 1954 68,090

TABLE # 23

Population Distribution

PLATE VIA, "DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION", shows graphically the locations of the population in Douglas County. Each dot or spot on this map indicates the residential location of ten people. This plan used the precinct data of County population distribution given by the 1950 census as a base and ther with the help of the lists of registered voters and new utility connections estinateA were made of recent population increases in each precinct to bring this graphic population record to a recent date.

This Population Distribution Map shows how the population 1as settled in the relatively flat and fertile land where access is had to the highways and roads. The best road grades are on level land and the best road locations follow the streams of the County. Thus, fertile valley land and frontage on roads of easy grades have in the greatest measure determined the County population distribution to date.

Characteristics of the Douglas County Population

As Table #23 shows, the County population is still by a great majority a rural population. All but a very small percentage of the population is white. The 1950 U. S. Census listed 28,918 male whites and 25,427 female whites. This census gave the non-white population as 119 males and 85 females.

The labor force in general draws people of over fourteen years of age. There were 39,016 people over the Age of 14 years listed in the 1950 Census; of this number 16,105 males and 3,733 females were given as employed in the labor force* The following Table #24 shows how the people in the County labor force were employed: I i* q * t W

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P o P U L A T I O N D I S T R I Bi U T I O N ,1. .* I DOUGLAS COU N T Y O R E G O N

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- .--- C PLATE VIII --- 1 I -- .- I

INDUSTRY GROUP-EMPLOYME NT, DOUGLAS COUNTY - 1950

Industry Male Female

Agriculture 1,596 206 Forestry and fisheries 67 8 Mining 69 ... Construction 1,167 20 Vanufacturing Furniture, lumber and wood products 8,110 273 Food and kindred products 111 64 Printing, publishing and allied industries 92 32 Other industries 199 60 Railroads and railway express service 195 5 Trucking service and warehousing 150 9 Other transportation 128 22 Telecommuilications 61 84 Utilities and sanitary services 311 16 rholesale trade 259 43 Food and dairy products, stores and milk, retail 310 197 Eating and drinking places 172 472 Other retail trade 996 480 Finance, insurance and real estate 191 137 Business services 50 22 Retail services 421 21 Private households 18 216 Hotels and lodging places 113 1147 Other per-coi'- rervices 135 150 Entertain-erit and recreational service 58 33 Medical and oth-r health service 287 293 Educational seriices - government 195 366 Educational Selrvices - private 24 57 Other professional and related services 132 70 Public adrinistration 331 31 Industry not reported 157 97

U. S. Census TABLE # 24

Cities

The following is a record of the U. S. Census figures of the population growth of the cities and towns of Douglas County since 1880. These records show that practically all towns and cities of the County experienced a rapid population increase during the great upsurge in the lumber induFtry during the T-orld War II period. GROWTH 07 CITIES AND TOV"IS OF DOUGLAS COUNTY City 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 *1954

Canyonville 243 149 156 167 255 861 1,139 Drain 188 193 335 607 497 597 1,150 Elkton 201 Glendale 646 548 516 557 871 Myrtle Creek 119 189 429 385 401 441 1,781 2,436 Oakland 329 368 467 516 421 367 829 Reedsport 850 1,178 1421 2,288 Riddle 131 187 268 195 195 214 638 Roseburg 822 1,472 1,690 4,738 4,381 4,362 4,924 8,390 11,120 Sutherlin 515 457 525 2,230 Yoncalla 233 232 252 277 626

TABLE # 25 All of the figures in the above Table #25 are U. S. Census Bureau records. Early records 1880 to 1900 seem uncertain. The 1954 figures are estimates and indicate a strong continuing growth.

Future Population Growth The future population growth of Douglas County will probably not parallel the growth of the State of Oregon for at least the next twenty years,

The population curves shown in PLATE IX, "POPULATION GROGWTH OF OREGON, DOUGLAS COUNTY AND CITY OF ROSEBURG", indicate clearly a marked departure from any rate paralleling the population growth of the State of Oregon by both Douglas County and the City of Roseburg. In the case of Douglas County, the marked departure from any rate of growth paralleling the State was after 1940. The population growth of Roseburg has never paralleled the growth of the State. The upsurge in the growth of Douglas County, that began in the last decade, still continues.

Roseburg had a spurt of growth, due to new settlers, between 1900 and 1910. The recent upturn in growth of the City began in 1940 and was due to great activity in the lumber industry that has continued.

The projection of the State population shown in PLATE IX between 1950 and 1960 is the medium forecast for that period by the U. S. Bureau of The Census. The projection of Oregon's population for the period 1960 to 1975 is the medium projection proposed by Subcommittee of the Columbia Basin Inter-Agency Committee.

Several projections were worked out for Douglas County by the County Planning Commission's staff using various rates of decreasing births after 1955, as compared to a constant increase beyond that date of 4.18 per cent per year or somewhere near the rate of County population increase during the past four years, 1950 to 1955.

The projection of the County population from 1955 to 1975 shown in PLATE IX is one using a decreasing birth rate for the County of five births per thousand for each decade. The present death rate is held constant. To the computed natural increase is added 2.16 per cent of in-migration for each year. This method gave a population forecast for 1960 of 88,052, for 1970 a population of 129,110 and for 1975 a population of 152,911. 62 100 000 ~I 90 000 80 000 [ 70 000 o 60 000 .. 50 000 _ _ I_ _ _ _

40 000 __ Do vk__

30 000L __

20 000 _

10 000I 9 000 __ a 000 _ 7 000 _ 8 000 __ 5 000

4 000

2 000-

TIME BY DECADES POPULATION GROWTH OF OREGON DOUGLAS COUNTY AND CITY OF ROSEBURG DOUGLAS COUNTY PLANNING COMMISSION

PLATE IX Using an annual increase of 4.18 per tentthis forecast gave a County population of 83,553 for 1960, a population of 125,810 for 1970 and 160,831 fbr 1975.

The results obtained in the first method seem, more probable and conservative and so were used in plotting the County growth curve shown in PLATE IX.

The same methods were used in making projections for the City of Roseburg. The method using a declining birth rate gave a City population for 1960 of 1h,445, for 1970 a population of 21,283 and for 1975 a population of 25,202.

Using the method of a definite percentage of increase for each year the population for 1960 was estimated at 14,211, for 1970 mas 21,399 and for 1975 was 26,258.

Both methods were not far apart in their results. The results of the first method were plotted to obtain the City curve shown in PLATE IS.

These Projections beyond 1955 will probably be most conservative in light of the prospects of growth that Douglas County has reason to expect because of exceptional natural resources, especially in lumber production, recreation facilities, agriculture and minerals. The County will receive its healthy share of the migration of more people into the Northwest for at least the next two decades to cone.

64 SUI&ARY AND PECOMM1EDATIONS History. History furnishes a full record that gives an accurate measure of progress. Two periods in Douglas County history are marked as times of rapid progress - 1900 to 1910 as a decade of intensive agricultural activity and from 1940 to the present day as a period of exploitation of the ripe fir forests that mark this County as a top area in the nation in timber wealth. Future years will show how well this County will use its wealth. The historical record can be a record of progress or a measure of exploitation without conservation.

Weather. Thorough weather records are essential to proper management of forests and agriculture. reather records constitute a convincing reason for people and new industry to settle in this County. This County should make much of its good, year-around climate and wind-free areas. Abundant precipitation on the naturally forested slopes will insure the growing of timber but it is up to the citizens of this County to determine whether or Jot timber will always produce a perpetual crop. There is need for at least one perpetual weather station at a high altitude in the County so as to form a constant record of precipitation, temperatures and winds of the high country.

Topography. Douglas County is a rugged County and this rough topography shouldnure For the County perpetual forests and make constantly available unmatched natural recreation areas and fish and game for the sportsmen. The wealth of scenery in the high country, alonL: the mountain streams and on the coast should be wisely preserved and made available to the host that will come to enjoy it once these places of exceptional natural beauty are made easily accessible. Certain of the roads and highways of the County should be given rigid protection to preserve them as scenic drives. One great need of this County is accurate topographic maps. The U. S. Geological Survey should be encouraged to make the enlarged quadrangle maps of the entire County follow out the program already underway. Each urbanized area should have accurate aerial photographs. This map and photographic data is essential to all planning for access and County improvement.

Agriculture. Douglas County is well along in its progressive program to make the best use of agricultural land. There is much to be done to increase the fertility of the land and to increase crop yields. Emphasis should be on the production of the crops for which this area is naturally adapted. Good transportation and improved marketing conditions vill come as the result of constant effort. Light industry making use of excellent food crops should be sought out and encouraged to locate here. The processing and manufacture of Douglas County agricultural and horticultural products in this County will furnish jobs and increasing income to a future population. Existing fertile land will meet the demands made upon it by reason of better Marketing and new light industry. Liise and thorough use of all available water is a must for successful agriculture.

Forests. This County cannot afford to go on wasting so much of each timber tree taken out of the forest. This waste is vital to the welfare of every resi- dent in this County. It should be the number one effort of the County to secure secondary mills to use all the small dry stuff nol. wasted by primary lumber mills and plywood plants. Good wood, now wasted, should go as chips to paper and hard- board mills. There should be no let up in effort and research, until every particle of good lumber is made so valuable that every mill will have to be F-

operated on oil or what is finally left of the log. All forest land in the Countyt both public and private, should be on a sustained yield basis--this is vital to the continuous prosperity and welfare of Douglas County. Douglas County is already fifteen years late in doing what it should about wood waste.

Minerals. Much prospecting has been done in Douglas County and enough productive ore and traces of valuable minerals have been found to show that much more and thorough investigation should be made. No doubt the increase in price of certain ores will revive action in mining. Every geological report mentions the likelihood of good ore prospects had more work been done on certain existing claims. Prospecting up to now has indicated possibilities yet to come in gold, quicksilver, chrome, cobalt, sulphur, coal and limestone. It seers ,Lost probable that in this County there is enough high quality lime rock to satisfy the need of fertile soil for this mineral. All facts in prospecting to date indicate that m-!ore effort in this field would be very worth while.

Transportation. All: forces of transportation in Douglas County need improvement. New, fast and light rolling railroad equipment till demand easier curves and better track alignment. M~odern highways will insure reduced mileage and time saving.. Better highway access is needed in many portions of the County. lore use could be made of the deep sea navigation facilities at Reedsport, especially after work now planned there is completed. Roseburg needs a larger air port to accomodate large passenger planes and transports.

Industry. It is but repetition to state again the vital need of a large and adequate wood products industry and many industries making use of the food products of the County. These industries will come but niore effort will hasten the day. Many raw products wait now. to be recognized as raw materials for new industry.

Trade. Improved transportation facilities will increase the volume of trade. The certain growth of Roseburg and Reedsport will raise their importance as distribution centers. Drain, Sutherlin, Myrtle Creek, Canyonville and Glendale will profit by improved highways, especially in retail trade. Up-to-date mer- chandising methods and ample parking snace will greatly encourage retail trade in locations of easy access.

Recreation. The average work week grows shorter and the bulk of our lator force will have increasing leisure titre. Parks and recreation facilities in Douglas County will grow in importance and use. This County is most fortunate to be leading in the field of County park development in this State. Every year will prove that recreation facilities constitute a most productive industry in dollars, health and full enjoyment of life. This one asset alone will bring more people to live in Douglas County.