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Geology and Mineral Resources of Douglas County

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Geology and Mineral Resources of Douglas County STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL INDUSTRIES 1069 State Office Building Portland, Oregon 97201 BU LLE TIN 75 GEOLOGY & MINERAL RESOURCES of DOUGLAS COUNTY, OREGON Le n Ra mp Oregon Department of Geology and Mineral Industries The preparation of this report was financially aided by a grant from Doug I as County GOVERNING BOARD R. W. deWeese, Portland, Chairman William E. Miller, Bend Donald G. McGregor, Grants Pass STATE GEOLOGIST R. E. Corcoran FOREWORD Douglas County has a history of mining operations extending back for more than 100 years. During this long time interval there is recorded produc­ tion of gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, mercury, and nickel, plus lesser amounts of other metalliferous ores. The only nickel mine in the United States, owned by The Hanna Mining Co., is located on Nickel Mountain, approxi­ mately 20 miles south of Roseburg. The mine and smelter have operated con­ tinuously since 1954 and provide year-round employment for more than 500 people. Sand and gravel production keeps pace with the local construction needs. It is estimated that the total value of all raw minerals produced in Douglas County during 1972 will exceed $10, 000, 000 . This bulletin is the first in a series of reports to be published by the Department that will describe the general geology of each county in the State and provide basic information on mineral resources. It is particularly fitting that the first of the series should be Douglas County since it is one of the min­ eral leaders in the state and appears to have considerable potential for new discoveries during the coming years. R. E. Corcoran Oregon State Geologist October 1972 ii C 0 f'� TE NTS Forward --------------------------------------- - ii List of illustrations vi INTRODU CTION --------------------------------- ---- GENERAL GEOLOGY -------------------------- 3 Geology of Geomorphic Provinces 3 Klamath Mountains Province ---------------- 3 Applegate Group ------------------ 3 Jurassic volcanic rocks --------------- 4 Galice sedimentary rocks ------------- 4 Dothan-Otter Point Formation ---------- 4 Cretaceous sedimentary rocks ----------- 5 Igneous rocks --------------------- 5 Serpentinite and 'YJinor peridotite -------- 5 Coast Range Pro vi nee --------------------- 6 Basalts of the Umpqua Formation --------- 6 Umpqua sedimentary rocks ----- --- --- -- 6 Tyee-EiktonFormation - -- -- -- ---- ---- 7 Late Eocene sedimentary rocks -------- -- 7 Tertiary intrusives ------ -- ----- --- -- 8 Quaternary alluvium - --- --- ---- --- -- 8 Western Cascades Province ----- ----------- - 8 Colestin-Fisher Formation ---- ---- --- -- 8 Little Butte Volcanic Series ---- ----- --- 9 Sardine Formation - -- -- --- ----- ----- 9 Tertiary intrusives 10 High Cascades Province 10 Age of -------- ---- - --- Mineralization - -- - ----- 10 ---- MINING ACTIVITY ------ --------- ------ ------ - 12 Early History ----------- ----- ------ -- -- -- -- - 12 Mineral Production 13 Present Mining Activity 13 Future Mining Potential 15 METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES 16 Antimony -------------- ------- -------- ----- 16 iii METALLIC MINERAL RESOURCES (continued) Arsenic ----------- -- ------- ----- ---- ---- - 16 Chromite - ---- --- ----- --- --- ----- - ---- ---- 17 Copper, - -- --- -- --- -- - Lead, and Zinc - --------- 25 -- Gold - -- --- --- --- - -- - -- - - - and Silver - - --- - 31 Histor -- ------- -- y and production - -------- 31 - Distributi --- ---- --- -- -------- -- - on - -- 31 - Mines and - - --------- ---- - - prospects - - -- 33 Iron --------------- - -------- ---- - -- ------ 46 Manganese ----- -- -- ----------------------- 46 Mercury --- -- -- -- -- ----- -- ------ - -- --- -- -- 47 Quicksilver areas ----- -- ---- ------ ------ 47 Elkhead area --- ---- ---- --------- - 47 Bonanza-Nonpareil area - ------ - --- --- 47 Tiller-South Umpqua area ----- - -- ----- 47 Upper Cow Creek area --------------- 49 Mines and ----- --- - -- ----- - prospects -- -- - 49 Nickel 59 Location of Hanna Nickel mine 59 History --- -- ---- -- --------- ---- --- --- 59 Geology of the nickel deposit ------ --------- 61 Description of the ore body --- ------ -- -- ---- 63 -- ----- - - - -- ---- Mineralogy - -- --- - - --- 63 Prospecting in other areas -- --- ---- --------- 64 Mining and smelting at the Hanna operation ---- -- 64 Grade control ------- ---- -- - -- ---- 64 Development --------------------- 64 Mining and hauling ------ ---- ----- -- 64 Screening and crushing - -- --- -- - - ----- 64 Tramway ------ ---------- -------- 66 Smelter summary -------- ---- ---- --- 66 Ore preparation -- --- ----------- --- 66 Melting and reduction --- -- ---- ------ 66 Refining - ---- ----------- --- --- -- 66 iv INDUSTRIAL MINERALS AND R OCKS -------------------- 67 Aggregate --------------------------------- 67 Sand and gravel ------------------------ 67 Projected needs -------------------- 68 C entral Umpqua area ---------------- 68 Southern Douglas County -------------- 72 Northern Douglas County ------------- • 72 Eastern Douglas County --------------- 72 Western Douglas County -------------- 72 Crushed rock --------------------------- 72 Asbestos ------------------------- ---------- 7 4 Barite ------------------------------------ 76 Building Stone ------------------------------- 76 Clay ------------------------------------- 78 Em�y ------------------------------------ 79 Gem Stones -------------------------------- 79 Limestone ---------------------------------- 81 O livine ----------------------------------- 84 Silica -----------------------------------·- 85 Silica rock ---------------------------- 85 Chert ------------------------------- 85 S I ag ------------------------------------- 88 Sulfur ------------------------------------ 89 Ta lc and Soapstone --------------------------- 89 MINERAL FUELS ---------------------------------- 91 Coal ------------------------------------- 91 O il and Gas Potential 95 Geothermal Resources 98 BIBLIOGRAPHY - ----- ------------------- --- --- --- ·· 99 GLOSSARY -------------------------------------- 1 03 v ILLUSTRATIONS FIGU RES 1. Geologic map of Douglas County ----------------------------------- in pocket 2. Stratigraphic and time chart for Douglas County 2 3. Hydraulic mining on North Myrtle Creek in the early 1900's ------------ ------- 11 4. Map of ultramafic rocks and location of chromite occurrences in Douglas County ------ 18 5. Map showing location of copper occurrences in Douglas County -------------- --- 24 6. Map showing location of gold occurrences in Douglas County --- -------------- - 32 7. Victory placer mine about 1906 --------- ---------------------------- 44 8. Map showing location of mercury mines and prospects in Douglas County ----------- 48 9. Surface workings and plant at the Bonanza quicksilver mine in 1960 ------------ -- 50 10. Rotary furnace at the Red Cloud mine about 1940 -------------- ------------ 56 11. Aerial view of the Hanna Nickel mining operation on the to p of Nickel Mountain 60 12. Aerial view of Nickel Mountain showing Hanna smelter and the tramway that carries ore from the mine at the top of the mountain to stoc kpi le at the base -------------- 60 13. Geologic map of the Nickel Mountain area ------------- ----------- ------ 62 14. Flow diagram of the Hanna Nickel smelter ------------------------------ 65 15. Map of Douglas County showing area of principal popu lation --------------- ---- 67 Popu lation growth projection for Douglas County ------- ------------- -- ---- 68 16a. b. Projected use of sand and gravel for Douglas County ----------- ------------- 68 17. Ty pical of the large sand and gravel operations in the Roseburg area is this one on the N orth Umpqua River near Winchester -- ---------------- ------------- 69 18. Sand and gravel being screened and crushed from a terrace at Rainbow Hollow on the South Umpqua River --------------------------------------------- 69 19. Umpqua River Navigation Co . dredging operation on the Umpqua River near the mouth of Indian Char lie Creek about 10 miles east of Reedsport. Equipment includes clam-shell drag line, barge-mounted screening plant, and conveyor belt for loading barges - ------ 71 20. Barge- load of sand and gravel just above Reedsport waiting to be moved to unloading facil ity of Umpqua River Navigation Co . at Reedsport -------- -------- ------- 71 21 . Short and Angel quarry (NW* sec . 15, T. 26 S., R. 5 W .) in pi llow basa lt of the Umpqua Formation is a typical crushed-rock quarry ------------------------- 75 vi 22. Typical cross fiber chrysoti le veinlets in serpentinitei note partings --------------- 75 23. Front wall of the Douglas National Bank show ing texture and varied color of the "Snowb ird" rhyolite tuff bui lding stone --------------------------- ------ 77 24 . Typical building on the Um pqua Community College campus showing extensive use of rubble stone from the Snowbird Mountain area -------------- ------------ 77 25 . Map show ing location of limestone occurrences in Douglas County --------------- 80 26 . Geo logic map of Quartz Mountain, Doug las County ------------ ---------- -- 86 27. Quarry operations at the Quartz Mountain si lica deposit --------------------- 87 28 . Massive si lica deposi t, which is a replaced rhyolite tuff, occurs at the top of Quartz Mountain -- ------- ---- -- -- --- --------- - ---- --------- - -- 87 29 . "Green Diamond" plant at Riddle -- ------- --- --------------- --------- 88 30 . Map showing location of coal occurrences in Douglas County ---------- - ---- --- 90 31 . Coal seam in the Elkton area was discovered
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