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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Peaneid Prawn Metapenaeus

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Synopsis of Biological Data on the Peaneid Prawn Metapenaeus Fisheries Re fIorts No. 57, VoL 4 FRm/R57.4 (Tri) PFOc: EINGS F THE WORLD SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE ON THE PIOLOGY AN CULTURE OF SHRIMPS AND PRAWNS ACTES D LA CONFERENCE SCIENTIFIQUE MONDIALE SUR LA BIOLOGIE ET L'ÉLEVAGE DES CREVETTES ACTAS DE LA CONFERENCIA CIENTIFICA MUNDIAL SOBRE OLOGIA Y CULTWO DE CAMARONES Y GAMBAS Mexico City, Mexico, 12-21 June 1967 Mexico (Mexique), 12-21 juin 1967 Ciudad de México, México, 12-21 junio 1967 j V A FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS F4 0 ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES POUR L'ALIMENTATION ET L'AGRICULTURE ORGANIZACION DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS PARA LA AGRICULTURA Y LA ALIMENTACION 47 ? ROME, 1970 1559 - FAO LIBRARY AN: 115088 FRm/S105 FAO Fisheries Synopsis No.105 SAST - Prawn SYNOPSIS 0F BIOLOGICAL DATA ON THE PENAEID PRAWN t4etapenaous brevicornis (H. Mimo Edwards,1837) Exposé synoptique sur la biologie de Metapenaous brovicornis (H. Mime Edwards, 1837) Sinopsis sobre la biologia dei Metaponaeus brevicornis (H. Mimo Ndwards, 1837) prepared by M.J. GEORCE Contrai Marine Fisheries Research Institute Mandapam Camp, India JPresent address, Indian Ocean Biological Centre, P.O. Box1913,Ernakulam, Cochin-l8, India 1561 - FRIn/S105 M, brevicorniB CON TENTS' i IDENTIT! 1.1 Taxonomy 1.],l Definition 1,1.2 Description 1,2 Nomenolature 1.2.1 Valid scientific ilames 1,2.2 Synonyms 1.2.3Standard common naines, vernacular names 1.3 General variabili 1,3,1 Subspeoific fragmentation (races, varieties, hybrids 1.3,2 Genetic data (chromosone number, protein speoifioity 2 DISTRIBUTION 2.1 Delimitation of the total area of diotrtbuou and eco)g&ca. characteristization of this area 2,2 Differential distribution 2.2,1Areas occupied by eggs, larvae and other junior atagss annual variations in thèse patterns, and sesuonal variations for stages persisting over two or more coasons i 2,2,2Areas occupied by adult stages: seasonal and annual variations of these i 2,3Behaviouristio and ecolo ical determinants of the general limits of distribution and of the variaione ofhese limici and o differential distribution BIONOMICS AND LIFE HISTORY 3x1 3.1 Reproduction 1 3,1,1 Sexual5 ermaphrocliiism, hoterosexua1it, intersexuality) 1 3,1.2 Maturity (age and size) 1 3.1.3 Mating (monogamous, polygamous, promiscuous) * 3.1.4Fertilisation (internal, external) 1 3,1.5 FecundityC 3,1,6 Spawning 1 3.1.7 Spawning grounds 1 3.1,8 Egg: structure, size, hatching type, parasites, and predators * 3,2 Larval history 3.2,1 Account of embryonic and juvenile life (prelarva, larva, poetlarva, juvenile) i This synopsis has been prepared according to Outline Version No. 1H. Rosa Jr., FilO (i) Rev.l, 1965). -1562 - ii FRm/S105 M. brovioornis Page No, 3,3Adult hi8tory 3t1 Longevity 3,3.1 i Hardiness 3.3.2 i Competitors 3.3.3 i Predators 3.3.4 i 3.3.5 Parasites and diseases * Greatest size 3.3.6 i 3.4Nutrition and growth J. Feeding (timo, place,manner, season) 3.4.1 i Food (type, volume) 3.4.2 2 3,4.3Relative and absolute growth patterns and rates 2 3,4.4Relation of growth to feeding, to other aotivitiea and to environmental factors 2 Behaviour 3.5 2 3.5.1 Migration and local movements 3.5,2 Schooling * 2 3.5.3 Reproductive habits * 4 POPULATION(sTocK) 4.1 Structure 4.1.1 Sex ratio 4.1.2 Ago composition 4.13Size ccrnposition 4.2 Size and density * 4.2.1Average size 4,2.2 Changes in size 4.2,3Average density 4.2.4Changos in density 4.3Natality and. recruitment * 4.3.1Natality 4.3.2Natality rates 4.4Mortality, morbidity * 4.4.1Rates of mortality 4.4,2Factors or conditions affeotíng mortality 4.4,3Factors or conditions affecting morbidity 4.4.4Relation of morbidity to mortality rates 4.5Dynamics of population 4.6 Relation of population to community and ecoeystem bio1ogioa]production. etc, 5 EXPLOITATION 581 5.1Fishing equipment i 5.1.1 Fishing gear i 5.1.2 Fishing boats i 1563 - FRm/5105 Mbroviconi iii Page No. 5.2 Fishing areas 5s1 5.2,1 General geographic distribution 1 5,22 Geographical ranges (latitudes, ditance from coast, etc,) 1 5.2,3 Depth ranges i 5,3 Fishing seasons i 5,3,1 General pattern of fishing moamon i 5,3,2 Duration of fishing season * 5,3,3 Dates of beginning, peak and end of season i 5,3,4 Variation in time or duration of fishing seamon * 5,3.,5 Factors affecting fishing season 1 5,4Fishing o erations and results 1 5,4cl Effort and intensity * 5,4.2Selectivity 54.3 Catches 1 2 5,5Fisheries management and regulations * 5,6Fish farmin, trans.lantin and other intervention * 6 REFERENCES 61 * As no information was available to the author, these items have been omitted from the text. - 1564 FHm/Sl05 M.brevioornis 1*]. low; subhepatic groove (anterior part of cer- i IDENTITY vical groove) shallow, does not moot hepatio spine. Indistinct ridge defining branchial 1,,1 Taxonomy region superiorly, present only on posterior part of carapace.. 1.1.1 Definition Recitan carination on abdominal terga hard- ty perceptible on 3rd somite, distinct on pos- Phylum Arthropoda terior two-thirds of 4th and on 5th and 6th Class Crustacea somites; 5th semite about two-thirds length of Subclass Malacostraca 6th, 6th as long as telson. Telson shorter than Series Eurnalacostraca ondopod. of uropod; without marginal spines (Kubo? Superorder Eucarida 1949) or with pair of clearly perceptible dis- Order Decapoda tal spine and seri.es of minute spinules (Raoek Suborder Natantia and Dall, 1965), Section Penaeidoa Family Penaeidae Outer antennular flagellum nearly as long Subfamily Penaeinae as the peduncle. Genus Metapenaous Wood-Mason, 1891 Third maxilliped barely reaches middle of Species Metapenaeus brevicornis antennal scale; dactylus slender, setose, taper- (H. Mime Edwards,1837) ing about four-fifths length of' propothis, not modified in male. 1.1.2 Description Strong antrorso spine on basis of all3 Generic pairs of cholipeds; ischial spine on 1st pex'oio- pod. Last pair of pereiopods reach more than Genus Mota enaous Wood-Mason, in Wood- a dactylus length beyond tip of antennal scale; Mason and Alcook,ÏT,.nn.Mag.nat,Hist. adult male with notch in posterior border of (6)827l. Type species by original desig- proximal end of meras, small tooth at end of nation: Ponaous affinia Ii,Mimo].wards, notch but no other denticles; no subterminal 1837,GeMer: masculine. lobe on border of ischlwn, A detailed description of the genus is given in the Species Synopsis on Metapennous Potassa symmetrical, the 2 halves lightly affinie by George (1970). The following folded, interlocked anteriorly, closely apposed characters distinguish it from other genera posteriorly to form a compressed tube, .Tube of the Penaeinae: ends distally in a pair of simple spouts, eaoh bearing a longish filament near middle (Fig, 2) Rostrum with dorsal teeth only. Cara- pace without longitudinal or transverse Thelycum (Fig, 3) concavo; median lobe sutures or lateral keels. Dorsal keel on 4th shaped like figure eight, anterior portion -6th abdominal segments; lateral keels on between processes of antopenultimate thoraclo 6th segment discontinuous and inconspicuous, sternum, posterior portion between flat cres- Telson grooved, not trifid, No exopod on 3rd cent-shaped lateral lobes, maxilliped or 5th peroiopod, Flesh coloured with sparsely distributed Specific brown dots on dorsal side of body; more such dots on tail fin according to Abmad (1957). Species Metapenaeus brevicornis (H, Milne Edwards, 1837T 1.2 Nomenclature The species is illustrated in Fig. 1, A key to the species of Metapenaeus is given by George (1970), in the Species The type material, i± still extant, is Synopsis on M. monoceros, and also by Racek and probably in the collection et the Museum Dall (1965:56-68). rational d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. 1.2,1 Valid scientific names Type locaLityt "Les côtes de lt Indo". Metapenaeus brevicornis (R.MimeEdwards, Body not, or very little, tomentoso. 1837). Rostrum curved and rarely reaching middle of 2nd joint of antennular peduncle, cometimos 1.2.2 Synonyms only just surpassing ayos, bearing dorsal crest of 7 teeth. Postrostral crest very indistinct, Objectivesynonymy only just reaches posterior third of carapace. Postantennular (antennal) spine weak; hepatio Psnaeus brevicornis H, Milno Edwards,1837, spine very small. Postantennular groove ohal- Fist. nat, Crust., 2:417 - 1565 is 2 FRm/S105 Mbrevioorni 2 3 Fig. 1Motapenasum brevicornis, lateral view. Fig. 2 Petasma of adult maie. Fig.3Thelyoum of adult female. (from Hall, 1962) - 1566 - J?Rm/S105 M. brevi oornia 1*3 Penaeopsis brevioornis (H. Mi].no Ed.ward.s, ohingdi, 'Hon.yi', 'Koranoy', 'Kucho' and 1837) Be Man,l9ll,Siboga Axpec1., 39as3 'Saga ohingdi'. Metapenasue brevicornis (H. Mime Edwards, In Indonesia, the species is known as 1837)Burkenroad, 1934, Bull. Binghain oceanogr. 'udang kuning' (yellow prawn), Coli., 4(7)33. Subjective synonymy 1.3General variability Penaeus avirostrie Dana, 1852, Crust. U.S. Explor. Exped.: ¿03 1.3.1 Subepeoifio fragmentation 1.2.3 Standard oommon nanee, No subspecies or varieties of M. brevi- vernacular names comte are known. In India in the Gangetio delta area nd in the Calcutta markets it is called 'Dhanbone -1567 - FRm/S105 M. brevicornis 2:1 2 DISTRIBUTION Juveniles (0year group), of modal total 2,1 Delimitation of the total area of lengths24,5and26,5mm, occur throughout the distribution and eoologioal charac- year in the upper and middle reaches of the terization of this area Hooghly estuarine system, where they are oommo; from July to October or November (Rajyalakshini, The species is distributed from West 1961), and juveniles and. young adults aleo Pakistan through Indian, Malaysian, Thai and occur throughout the year in inshore waters Indonesian waters to about ast Borneo.
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