DOCSLIB.ORG

Resource Allocation Model for The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Resource Allocation Model for The RESOURCE ALLOCATION MODEL FOR THE CONSTITUENCY DEVELOPMENT FUND Frank Kakungu Working Paper No. 13 December 2013 © Zambia Institute for Policy Analysis & Research 2013 i Abstract Detailed information on the location of those with the greatest need for publicly provided social services may be the most valuable information policy makers could use to allocate resources, plan and budget. More often than not, the emphasis has been on evaluating the distribution of poverty, as defined by income insufficiency, to inform resource allocation. Theoretically, measures of household wealth can be reflected by income, consumption or expenditure information. However, the collection of accurate income and consumption data requires extensive resources for household surveys. As regards, it may be more appropriate to focus on relative material and social deprivation than narrowly defined poverty. More importantly when one wants to evaluate the distribution of relative disadvantaged status between quite small geographic areas (e.g. Constituency), it is best to use data derived from the census, given that it is the most inclusive and representative of all household surveys. More overall, income from surveys are measures more reflective of short-run household’s wealth or living standard, inadequate for estimating long-run poverty accurately whereas other socio-economic and demographic census variables are regarded as much more reliable to estimate long-run deprivation. The research reported on in this paper has calculated a composite index of deprivation using 2010 Census data, drawing on the experience of similar initiatives in other countries and using internationally accepted statistical techniques. This index shows that the socio-demographic variables that have the greatest influence on deprivation in the Zambian Constituencies are: lack of access to piped water and toilets, traditional dwelling whose material for walls, roofs and floor are not solid, lack of access to electricity, solar power, gas or bio fuel, living in a female headed household, being a child under the age of 5 years, being illiterate, and being unemployed youth. The deprivation index was calculated at the constituency level. The highest levels of deprivation are experienced in the Sinkongo, Luapula, Lukulu-West, Sinjembela and Zambezi-West constituencies. To equalize development across the country there is need for policy intervention to re-allocate more resources in these need areas. The analysis shows that deprivation is skewed to rural dominated constituencies. i Table of Contents Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. (i) Table of Contents .............................................................................................................................. (ii) 1.0. Background ............................................................................................................................................. 1 2.0. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2 3.0. Key Concepts and Literature .................................................................................................................. 3 3.1. Measures of Needs – How is Deprivation Measured? ........................................................................... 3 3.2. Literature Review .................................................................................................................................... 5 4.0. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................... 5 4.1. Initial Identification of Variables for possible inclusion in the PCA ................................................... 5 4.2. Finalising the variables for inclusion in the PCA .................................................................................. 7 4.3. Identifying the Principal Component or main Factor .......................................................................... 8 4.4. Calculating the Composite Index .......................................................................................................... 9 5.0. Results-Factors predicting Deprivation .................................................................................................. 9 6.0. Classification of Constituencies into Quintiles ................................................................................... 10 7.0. Deprivation and Resource Allocation .................................................................................................. 11 8.0. CDF Allocation Formula ...................................................................................................................... 11 9.0. Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 12 References ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Appendices.................................................................................................................................. 14-18 ii 1. Background The Constituency Development Fund, CDF, was established in Zambia in 1995. Under this arrangement, Government allocates funds on an annual basis to all constituencies through the Member of Parliament. The purpose of the fund is to empower local communities by providing a fund for health, education and other initiatives. The CDF is not unique to Zambia. It was probably pioneered by the Federal Government of India in 1993. In the Indian example, each MP, is given an equal amount of money from the Central Government to spend on eligible projects in Constituencies of their choice. This includes all MPs, both elected and nominated. A list of eligible and ineligible projects is given on which the MP may authorize expenditure to any part of the constituency or district of their choice. The MP may however, as case maybe, also authorize utilization of part of the fund elsewhere, outside the constituency, if necessary. To date at least 23 countries have adopted or are considering adopting CDFs: In Africa CDFs are implemented in countries such as Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Liberia, Rwanda and Zambia, among others. It has been argued that CDFs can address a number of development and governance challenges that many countries face. They purportedly: Ensure project delivery in the face of ineffective and corrupt local government structures; Bypass central bureaucracies and channel funding directly to community level, enable the participation of the local population in the choice of which local infrastructure is delivered; Empower the legislature by allowing them to allocate and spend money independently of the executive; and Allow MPs to respond directly to concrete demands from their constituents, something that they may not be powerful enough to make the executive do. These arguments in favour of CDF are appealing, yet there are many critics of CDFs, as well. Though CDFs have made the headlines largely because of corruption and political manipulation associated with them, there are three more fundamental deficiencies built into the design of these schemes. CDFs may breach the key democratic principle of the separation of power by conferring the executive function of budget execution on the legislature. As a result of this breach, CDFs may compromise the ability of legislatures to represent the electorate and to oversee the work of the executive. By skewing resource allocation and project selection and oversight, CDFs also may have a negative impact on governments’ capacity to contribute to service delivery and development, especially at the local government level. CDFs are increasingly significant tools for politicized and decentralised resource allocation. Their popularity may stem from their performance of a function not otherwise supplied by the existing administrative-political system. As in the case of earmarks in the US, CDFs could fill the holes for things that fall between the cracks. But, the enormous potential for abuse in the operations of CDFs creates a significant challenge for policy makers and scholars to devise norms, rules and procedures for the effective operation of these increasingly important policy tools. 1 2. Introduction CDFs are distinguished from other decentralization initiatives or community-based development programmes by virtue of being raised by national government and disbursed at local level through the constituency and provides MPs some degree of control over the spending and earmarking of funds to development projects which reflect local needs and preferences. However, other factors have a direct bearing on the performance of the CDF scheme. The disbursement of an equal quantum of funding per constituency has equity concerns because constituencies are not equal. This favours smaller, least populated constituencies against greatly populated and or the poorest – where needs are greatest. The blanket allocation of CDFs across the country, without recourse to policy targets underscores national failure to address pertinent policy concerns. This is unfortunately the case now. According to a study commissioned by the Economics Association of Zambia (EAZ), the CDF was described as a ‘one-size-fits-all’
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RAPID FLOOD IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT March 2007
    RAPID FLOOD IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT March 2007 VAC ZAMBIA Vulnerability Assessment Committee BY THE ZAMBIA VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT COMMITTEE (ZVAC) LUSAKA Table of Contents Acknowledgements...........................................................................................................................4 Acronyms .........................................................................................................................................5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY...............................................................................................................6 1.0 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................8 1.1. Background .......................................................................................................................8 1.2 Overall Objective ..............................................................................................................8 1.2.1. Specific ...........................................................................................................................8 1.3. Background on the Progression of the 2006/07 Rain Season..............................................8 1.4. Limitations to the Assessment ...........................................................................................9 2.0 METHODOLOGY................................................................................................................9 3.0 FINDINGS.........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Zambia General Elections
    Report of the Commonwealth Observer Group ZAMBIA GENERAL ELECTIONS 20 September 2011 COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT Table of Contents Chapter 1 ................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 Terms of Reference ....................................................................................... 1 Activities ....................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2 ................................................................................................... 3 POLITICAL BACKGROUND ....................................................................... 3 Early History ................................................................................................. 3 Colonial History of Zambia ............................................................................. 3 Post-Independence Politics ............................................................................ 3 2001 General Elections .................................................................................. 4 2006 General Elections .................................................................................. 5 The 2008 Presidential By-Election ................................................................... 5 Other Developments ...................................................................................... 5 Constitutional Review ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Iccf Group Brochure Ed
    THE ICCF GROUP BROCHURE ED. 2021-2022 INTERNATIONALCONSERVATION.ORG TABLE OF CONTENTS WHO WE ARE AND WHAT WE DO ................................................................ 4 WORKING WITH LEGISLATURES ..................................................................... 8 • Caucuses We Support ................................. 10 • ICCF in the United States ................................ 12 • The ICCF Group in the United Kingdom ......................................................................................................... 31 • The ICCF Group in Latin America & the Caribbean ...................................................................................... 39 • The ICCF Group in Africa ............................ 63 • The ICCF Group in Southeast Asia ................ 93 WORKING WITH MINISTRIES ....................................................................... 103 MISSION THE MOST ADVANCED WE WORK HOW TO ADVANCE SOLUTION IN CONSERVATION CONSERVATION GOVERNANCE GOVERNANCE BY BUILDING 1. WE BUILD POLITICAL WILL POLITICAL WILL, The ICCF Group advances leadership in conservation by building political will among parliamentary PROVIDING and congressional leaders, and by supporting ministries in the management of protected areas. ON-THE-GROUND SOLUTIONS 2. CATALYZING CHANGE WITH KNOWLEDGE & EXPERTISE We support political will to conserve natural resources by catalyzing strategic partnerships and knowledge sharing between policymakers and our extensive network. VISION 3. TO PRESERVE THE WORLD'S MOST CRITICAL LANDSCAPES
    [Show full text]
  • Ecological Changes in the Zambezi River Basin This Book Is a Product of the CODESRIA Comparative Research Network
    Ecological Changes in the Zambezi River Basin This book is a product of the CODESRIA Comparative Research Network. Ecological Changes in the Zambezi River Basin Edited by Mzime Ndebele-Murisa Ismael Aaron Kimirei Chipo Plaxedes Mubaya Taurai Bere Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa DAKAR © CODESRIA 2020 Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa Avenue Cheikh Anta Diop, Angle Canal IV BP 3304 Dakar, 18524, Senegal Website: www.codesria.org ISBN: 978-2-86978-713-1 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage or retrieval system without prior permission from CODESRIA. Typesetting: CODESRIA Graphics and Cover Design: Masumbuko Semba Distributed in Africa by CODESRIA Distributed elsewhere by African Books Collective, Oxford, UK Website: www.africanbookscollective.com The Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) is an independent organisation whose principal objectives are to facilitate research, promote research-based publishing and create multiple forums for critical thinking and exchange of views among African researchers. All these are aimed at reducing the fragmentation of research in the continent through the creation of thematic research networks that cut across linguistic and regional boundaries. CODESRIA publishes Africa Development, the longest standing Africa based social science journal; Afrika Zamani, a journal of history; the African Sociological Review; Africa Review of Books and the Journal of Higher Education in Africa. The Council also co- publishes Identity, Culture and Politics: An Afro-Asian Dialogue; and the Afro-Arab Selections for Social Sciences.
    [Show full text]
  • Zambia Page 1 of 8
    Zambia Page 1 of 8 Zambia Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2003 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor February 25, 2004 Zambia is a republic governed by a president and a unicameral national assembly. Since 1991, multiparty elections have resulted in the victory of the Movement for Multi-Party Democracy (MMD). MMD candidate Levy Mwanawasa was elected President in 2001, and the MMD won 69 out of 150 elected seats in the National Assembly. Domestic and international observer groups noted general transparency during the voting; however, they criticized several irregularities. Opposition parties challenged the election results in court, and court proceedings were ongoing at year's end. The anti-corruption campaign launched in 2002 continued during the year and resulted in the removal of Vice President Kavindele and the arrest of former President Chiluba and many of his supporters. The Constitution mandates an independent judiciary, and the Government generally respected this provision; however, the judicial system was hampered by lack of resources, inefficiency, and reports of possible corruption. The police, divided into regular and paramilitary units under the Ministry of Home Affairs, have primary responsibility for maintaining law and order. The Zambia Security and Intelligence Service (ZSIS), under the Office of the President, is responsible for intelligence and internal security. Civilian authorities maintained effective control of the security forces. Members of the security forces committed numerous serious human rights abuses. Approximately 60 percent of the labor force worked in agriculture, although agriculture contributed only 15 percent to the gross domestic product. Economic growth increased to 4 percent for the year.
    [Show full text]
  • Winrock Report Template
    <name of> Project | Month Year Photo: EMPOWER participants from Chimtende Hub, Katete District (Winrock International) EMPOWER Case Study UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN REAL COURSE ATTENDANCE AND ACHIEVEMENT Date: October 30, 2020 Author: Alex Hardin, Winrock International EMPOWER Case Study UNDERSTANDING VARIATION IN REAL COURSE ATTENDANCE AND ACHIEVEMENT Date: October 30, 2020 PROJECT NAME: EMPOWER: Increasing Economic and Social Empowerment for Adolescent Girls and Vulnerable Women in Zambia COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NUMBER: IL-29964-16-75-K- AUTHOR: Alex Hardin, Winrock International FUNDER: United States Department of Labor Funding is provided by the United States Department of Labor under cooperative agreement number IL-29964-16-75-K-. One hundred percent of the total costs of the project are financed with federal funds, for a total of $5,000,000. This material does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the United States Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the United States Government. CONTACT: 2101 Riverfront Drive 2451 Crystal Drive, Suite 700 Little Rock, AR 72202 Arlington, VA 22202 501-280-3000 701-302-6500 winrock.org Acknowledgements The case study researcher would like to thank everyone who offered their time and energy toward the development of this report. Special thanks go to the Chasefu and Petauke District Coordinators, Dennis and Sombo, without whom the vast majority of the research would have been impossible, and to Diana, Mutale, Doug,
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Report: Second Order Water Scarcity in Southern Africa
    Second Order Water Scarcity in Southern Africa Technical Report: Second Order Water Scarcity in Southern Africa Prepared for: DDffIIDD Submitted February 2007 1 Second Order Water Scarcity in Southern Africa Disclaimer: “This report is an output from the Department for International Development (DfID) funded Engineering Knowledge and Research Programme (project no R8158, Second Order Water Scarcity). The views expressed are not necessarily those of DfID." Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the organisations that made this research possible. The Department for International Development (DFID) that funded the Second Order Water Scarcity in Southern Africa Research Project and the Jack Wright Trust that provided a travel award for the researcher in Zambia. A special thank you also goes to the participants in the research, the people of Zambia and South Africa, the represented organisations and groups, for their generosity in sharing their knowledge, time and experiences. Authors Introduction: Dr Julie Trottier Zambia Case Study: Paxina Chileshe Research Director – Dr Julie Trottier South Africa Case Study: Chapter 9: Dr Zoë Wilson, Eleanor Hazell with general project research assistance from Chitonge Horman, Amanda Khan, Emeka Osuigwe, Horacio Zandamela Research Director – Dr Julie Trottier Chapter 10: Dr Zoë Wilson, Horacio Zandamela with general project research assistance from Eleanor Hazell, Chitonge Horman, Amanda Khan, Emeka Osuigwe, and principal advisor, Patrick Bond Research Director – Dr Julie Trottier Chapter 11: Dr Zoë Wilson with Kea Gordon, Eleanor Hazell and Karen Peters with general project support: Chitonge Horman, Mary Galvin, Amanda Khan, Emeka Osuigwe, Horacio Zandamela Research Director – Dr Julie Trottier Chapter 12: Karen Peters, Dr J.
    [Show full text]
  • Provincial Health Literacy Training Report Northern and Muchinga Provinces
    Provincial Health Literacy Training Report Northern and Muchinga Provinces AT MANGO GROVE LODGE, MPIKA, ZAMBIA 23-26TH APRIL 2013 Ministry of Health and Lusaka District Health Team, Zambia in association with Training and Research Support Centre (TARSC) Zimbabwe In the Regional Network for Equity in Health in east and southern Africa (EQUINET) With support from CORDAID 1 Table of Contents 1. Background ......................................................................................................................... 3 2. Opening .............................................................................................................................. 4 3. Ministry of Health and LDHMT ............................................................................................ 5 3.1 Background information on MOH ................................................................................. 5 3.2 Background on LDHMT ............................................................................................... 6 4. Using participatory approaches in health ............................................................................ 7 5. The health literacy programme ............................................................................................ 9 5.1 Overview of the Health literacy program ...................................................................... 9 5.2 Using the Zambia HL Manual ......................................................................................10 5.3 Social mapping ...........................................................................................................10
    [Show full text]
  • Full Text Document (Pdf)
    Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Macola, Giacomo (2006) “It Means as If We Are Excluded from the Good Freedom”: Thwarted Expectations of Independence in the Luapula Province of Zambia, 1964-1967. Journal of African History, 47 (1). pp. 43-56. ISSN 0021-8537. DOI https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021853705000848 Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/7559/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html ‘IT MEANS AS IF WE ARE EXCLUDED FROM THE GOOD FREEDOM’: THWARTED EXPECTATIONS OF INDEPENDENCE IN THE LUAPULA PROVINCE OF ZAMBIA, 1964-1966* BY GIACOMO MACOLA Centre of African Studies, University of Cambridge ABSTRACT: Based on a close reading of new archival material, this article makes a case for the adoption of an empirical, ‘sub-systemic’ approach to the study of nationalist and post- colonial politics in Zambia.
    [Show full text]
  • Rice Production Diagnostic for Chinsali and Mfuwe, Zambia
    Rice production diagnostic for Chinsali (Chinsali District, Northern Province) and Mfuwe (Mwambe District, Eastern Province), Zambia By Erika Styger July 2014 For COMACO and David R. Atkinson Center for Sustainable Development Rice production diagnostic for Chinsali (Chinsali District, Northern Province) and Mfuwe (Mwambe District, Eastern Province), Zambia Written by Erika Styger, SRI International Network and Resources Center (SRI-Rice), International Programs, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA All photos by Erika Styger For COMACO, Lusaka, Zambia and David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA © 2014 SRI International Network and Resources Center (SRI-Rice), Ithaca, NY For more information visit http://sri.cals.cornell.edu/, or contact Erika Styger ([email protected]) Rice diagnostic for Chinsali and Mfuwe, Zambia; by Erika Styger, Cornell University, July 2014 ([email protected]) 2 Table of Content Table of Content 3 1. Introduction 4 2. Rice systems in Zambia and COMACO rice production zones 7 3. Northern Floodplain Rice Production zone, Chinsali District, Northern Province 9 3.1. Agricultural system overview 9 3.2. Rice production practices 10 3.3. The application and performance of the System of Rice Intensification 11 3.4. Challenges and constraints to rice intensification 13 3.5. Description of three lowland rice production zones in Chinsali 15 3.6. Adaptation to climate variability – opportunities for intensification 16 3.7. Chama rice quality loss 18 3.8. Implementation strategies for rice intensification for the 2014/2015 cropping 20 season 4. Dambo Rice Production Zone, Mfuwe, Mwambwe District, Eastern Province 23 4.1.
    [Show full text]
  • COMMITTEE on HEALTH, JUNE 2019.Pdf
    REPUBLIC OF ZAMBIA REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE THIRD SESSION OF THE TWELFTH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY Printed by the National Assembly of Zambia REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE THIRD SESSION OF THE TWELFTH NATIONAL ASSEMBLY TABLE OF CONTENTS Item Page 1.0. Membership of the Committee 3 2.0. Functions of the Committee 3 3.0. Meetings of the Committee 4 4.0. Committee’s Programme of Work 4 5.0. Arrangement of the Report 4 6.0. Procedure adopted by the Committee 4 PART I CONSIDERATION OF THE TOPICAL ISSUES Topic One - Service Delivery in Public Health Institutions in Zambia 7.0. Background 5 7.1. Consolidated summary of submissions by Stakeholders 6 7.1.1. Defining Service Delivery 6 7.1.2. The Provision of Health Care Services in Zambia 6 7.1.3. The Delivery of Health Care Services in Zambia 7 7.1.4. Financing of the Public Health Services 7 7.1.5. Adequacy of the Policy and Legal Framework Governing Service Delivery in Zambia 7 7.1.6. Strategies that Government has put in place to improve Health Service Delivery 8 7.1.7. The Role of Non-state Actors in Complimenting the Government’s Efforts in Providing Quality Service Delivery in Health Institutions 11 7.1.8. Challenges Facing Public Health Institutions in Providing Quality Service Delivery 11 8.0. Other Concerns Raised by Stakeholders 15 9.0. Local Tour of Lusaka and Luapula Provinces 19 9.1.
    [Show full text]
  • Mwami Adventist Hospital, Zambia Photo Courtesy of Moses M
    Mwami Adventist Hospital, Zambia Photo courtesy of Moses M. Banda. Mwami Adventist Hospital MOSES M. BANDA Moses M. Banda , M.A. (Zambia Open University, Lusaka, Zambia), B.A. in theology (Rusangu University), serves as president of East Zambia Field of Seventh-day Adventists. He is an ordained minister and has served in various positions for 20 years. He is married to Eness with whom he has two children. Mwami Adventist Hospital is a medical institution of the Southern Zambia Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Developments that Led to the Establishment of the Institution As early as 1913, C. Robinson yearned to secure a foothold in north-east Rhodesia; somewhere near Fort Jameson (now Chipata).1 On October 2, 1925, G. A. Ellingworth of Malamulo Mission acquired a farm of 3,035 acres, on which Mwami Mission station was established.2 Between 1925 and 1927, Samuel Moyo served as the mission station director. He was respected and regarded as one of God’s gentlemen. In 1927, the final transaction for the tract of the farmland situated between Fort Manning and Fort Jameson was concluded. The farm had three streams, good soil, and pastureland that could support a small herd. It had previously been a tobacco farm, with many old brick buildings. The unusable buildings were still valuable in that they contained 200,000 good bricks, needed for mission buildings.3 Mwami Adventist Hospital was established as an extension of medical missionary work conducted at Malamulo Mission in Malawi.4 Mwami is 480 kilometers from Malamulo, and 30 kilometers southeast of Chipata, the provincial capital city of the Eastern Province of Zambia, in the Luangeni constituency along Vubwi Road.5 The mission was named after the Mwami stream, which flows through the mission farm.6 The Mwami stream originates from the eastern side of Mkwabe mountain, then deviates northwards through the Mwami Dam until it crosses Vubwi Road near Lufazi Village.
    [Show full text]