Sumatran Tiger on the Brink of Extinction Species

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sumatran Tiger on the Brink of Extinction Species 8 FOCUS MAY/JUNE 2004 MAY/JUNE 2004 • VOLUME 26, NUMBER 3 CONTENTS 1 PAGE 2 ᮣ PAGE 3 ᮣ PAGE 4 ᮣ FOCUS ON … CONSUMER’S CORNER GIFT PLANNING Take Action WWF Office EFN: to Save Reopens in Investing in Contemplating Wildlife Congo People to Using Your Power and other ingredients believed to be Protect Nature beneficial for your health if eaten. How to Plan As a Consumer to Turtle shells are boiled until they break down into a glue-like residue and then Your Estate? FOCUS Protect Wildlife the jelly is concentrated by evaporation. Whether you go around the corner or Because turtle jelly is so thoroughly around the globe, you could stumble processed, it is impossible for wildlife upon products made from medicinal officers to verify the species actually in ingredients derived from endangered the products. Between the demand for Sumatran Tiger on the Brink of Extinction species. Sometimes you may not even turtles as food and for medicine, hun- know that what you buy contains any- dreds of tons of turtles are imported to he critically endangered Sumatran professional hunters. Along with a thriv- and teeth of the tiger are sold as Sybille Klenzendorf, head of WWF’s thing questionable. So, it’s up to you to China annually. tiger could be the first large pred- ing international smuggling network, charms, trophies, and for the practice of tiger conservation program. “It’s not too Deborah Gainer/WWF read labels, ask questions, and request Tator to become extinct in the the report found a surprisingly large magic. In traditional Chinese medicine, late for the Indonesian government to What Can You Do? TAKE THE NEXT documentation. The more we reduce twenty-first century if poaching and domestic market in Indonesia for tiger tiger bones are believed to relieve pain get serious about wildlife protection STEP IN YOUR the market demand for these products, Read the label and ask questions! widespread illegal trade are not stopped. skins and other parts, such as bone used and treat arthritis. Skins are also sold and save the country’s last tigers.” MEMBERSHIP the more we can reduce the pressure Visit WWF’s Virtual Pharmacy site at A report released in March by TRAF- in traditional Chinese medicine. both domestically and internationally. WWF and TRAFFIC are urging the Russell Mittermeier Have you ever thought of joining on animals and plants. http://www.worldwildlife.org/buyerbe- FIC, WWF’s wildlife trade monitoring Because tigers are so endangered, all “The one bright spot is that tiger Indonesian government to increase ware/pharm.htm to get the lowdown on veryone needs to make plans to distrib- network, found rampant tiger poaching commercial trade is banned by interna- populations are able to antipoaching measures, stiffen penal- WWF’s Wildlife Rescue Team? By Endangered Plant and bad medicine. ute their assets after their lifetimes. If you in Indonesia. At least 50 Sumatran tional treaty. But a rebound if they are ties for convicted poachers and crack committing to give on a monthly Animal Species are at Risk E basis, the WRT members play a key don’t make your own estate plans, the state tigers were poached each year between thriving black market protected from down on the ongoing illegal export of role in assuring that WWF has the ■ Ginseng is a popular herb that has To learn about other actions you can will do it for you. Of course, you’ll want to 1998 and 2002. The total population of continues to threat- poaching and their tiger parts from Sumatra, as well as the immediate resources needed when- many traditional medicinal uses. In take as a consumer to help protect the include those individuals dear to you in your Sumatran tigers—found only on the en tigers’ survival. In habitat is pre- domestic trade. Just days after the ever wildlife crises arise. When you Asia, it is often prescribed to tone the environment, visit: estate planning—family, friends, and special Indonesian island of Sumatra—is esti- Indonesia’s domestic served,” TRAFFIC report was released to media join the Wildlife Rescue Team, lungs, strengthen the spleen and bene- ➤ www.worldwildlife.org/consumer others. But many people choose to include mated to be less than 500. market, TRAFFIC said around the world, Indonesian authori- you’ll become a part of something fit the heart. But the most common use, organizations they’ve supported over the “Nowhere to Hide: The Trade in found that the ties announced the arrests of six peo- big: WWF’s commitment to save the especially in Europe and the USA is to years—like WWF—as well. Sumatran Tigers,” based largely on whiskers, ple for allegedly poaching tigers in natural world, its breathtaking di- increase energy levels. The demand for By including WWF in your will, trust, or undercover work by TRAFFIC and other claws, Sumatra. versity, and the wild creatures that both American and Asian ginseng other estate plans, you can help save conservation organizations, exposed the “Increased and improved enforce- make it what it is. species is now so great that wild plants wildlife and wild places for generations to relentless killing of a critically endan- ment is critical to saving Sumatran In order to save paper and postage, are fast becoming depleted. Next time come.Act now to help WWF ensure a living gered species by professional and semi- tigers,” said Steven Broad, executive we are pleased to offer the option of you go to the store looking for gin- world for your grandchildren and theirs. director of TRAFFIC International. seng—in any form—ask its source. A lot CONTINUED ON PAGE 7 ➤ debiting your monthly donations from For more information on including WWF in your your bank account or your credit of ginseng is cultivated, and American estate plans, request our free estate planning card. Visit us at www.wwfus.org/join ginseng is regulated in international booklet by contacting us at our toll-free num- ber or by email: or call 1-800-960-0993 to learn trade, so only buy products that are not more—and become a member today! harming wild ginseng populations. 888-WWF-WILL ■ Many turtles are severely threatened (1-888-993-9455) due to habitat destruction and trade, [email protected] sometimes for medicinal use. Turtle Note: For general membership inquiries, please call jelly, similar in appearance to petrolium 1-800-CALL-WWF (800-225-5993) WWF jelly, is a mixture of herbs, turtle shells, Ginseng MAY/JUNE 2004 • VOLUME 26, NUMBER 3 © WWF-Canon/Martin Harvey Protect Our Living Planet... Tiger populations can rebound if they are protected from poaching and their habitat is preserved. Support World Wildlife Fund WWF Teams with Getty Prize Goes to FOCUS CONSERVATION BRIEF: Five Remarkable Buying “Ocean Friendly” Fish Can Help Government, Conservationists Save Our Oceans—Look for the MSC Label Industry to Save Conservationists from Russia, Indo- As many of you know from reading FOCUS, several years ago WWF co- nesia, Chile, Papua New Guinea, and created an innovative ecolabeling organization for our oceans: the Marine Sea Turtles China will share this year’s $100,000 Stewardship Council (MSC). The Council’s task is to identify and promote Getty Prize. From one end of the globe seafood caught in an environmentally responsible manner. The MSC logo has In a move to prevent sea turtles from to the other, these remarkable individ- been spotted by many of you at fresh fish counters nationwide, especially next drowning in the longlines of commer- uals have made outstanding contribu- to special wild Alaska salmon displays. cial fishing fleets, the National Oceanic tions in their fields. Starting this spring, grocery chains including Whole and Atmospheric Administration Dmitry Lisitsyn and the Sakhalin Foods Market, Wegmans and Wild Oats stores—and on- (NOAA) has announced the successful Environmental Watch he cofounded line sites such as Vital Choice—will offer products such as development of new techniques that won new safeguards for Russia’s canned salmon with the MSC ecolabel, signifying that your will reduce the turtles’ accidental Sakhalin Island, protecting the region purchase of them helps save our endangered oceans. Later this entanglement in fishing gear, a problem from careless oil development prac- year, MSC-labeled frozen fish sticks will come on the market, and more known as bycatch. tices and potential environmental dev- selections of MSC-labeled fresh fish and shellfish should be available. In par- Together with fishermen and private astation. They also spearheaded the George Powell/WWF ticular, watch for fresh wild Alaska salmon during the May-July season. After industry, NOAA completed three years of creation of a 187,000-acre forest pre- Sifaka the fishing season is over, watch for “previously frozen” salmon. fishing gear research to develop turtle- serve and a marine reserve on the ✁ When you choose MSC-labeled fish, you not only protect the future of the friendly devices and new fishing methods northeast coast of Sakhalin Island. I’ll help save endangered wildlife wherever it is threatened, whenever it is fish we enjoy today, you also create a market for more ocean-friendly prac- for commercial longline vessels. Though In Indonesia, Haji Masdjuni, head of YES! threatened. I have enclosed a check to World Wildlife Fund for $ . tices and companies, and provide incentives for environmental fishing prac- the research took place in the high seas the Berau District, is providing a gen- tices around the world. of the Atlantic Ocean, the new methods uine example of local conservation Mr./Mrs. Help us track the label! If you see MSC-labeled products stocked in stores and can be adapted for use worldwide.
Recommended publications
  • Craniometric Variation in the Tiger (Panthera Tigris): Implications for Patterns of Diversity, Taxonomy and Conservation Ji H
    ARTICLE IN PRESS www.elsevier.de/mambio ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION Craniometric variation in the tiger (Panthera tigris): Implications for patterns of diversity, taxonomy and conservation Ji H. Maza´ kà Shanghai Science and Technology Museum (formerly Shanghai Museum of Natural History), 260 Yan-an Road (East), Shanghai 200002, PR China Received 4 May 2008; accepted 26 June 2008 Abstract Patterns of geographical variation in tigers are reviewed extensively by a morphometric analysis based on 273 skulls of certain wild origin. The following principal observations emerging from this investigation are found: 1. Modern tigers contain two basic forms: the mainland Asia tiger and the Sunda Island tiger. They are differentiated markedly in skull morphology as well as other morphological characters, the characteristic skull shape and small body size in Java/Bali tigers can be interpreted as adaptational responses to a particular island landscape type and prey species fauna, an evolutionary process known as insular dwarfism. 2. The Sumatran tiger (P.t. sumatrae) probably represents a hybrid of mainland and Island tigers, which originated from mainland Southeast Asia, colonized Indonesia and hybridized with the Sunda island tigers (Java tiger) during the late Pleistocene, and was subsequently completely isolated from both the mainland Southeast Asia and Java/ Bali populations. 3. Among the mainland Asia tigers, the Amur or Siberian tiger is the most distinct; India, Indochinese and South China tigers are craniometrically distinguishable on average, but with clear overlaps; the Caspian tiger, on the other hand, is indistinguishable from other mainland forms and extensively overlaps with both the Northern and Southern Asia subspecies. 4. Most proportional craniometric differences among tigers observed from this study are mainly allometric; the pattern of craniometric variation in mainland tigers is clearly clinal; craniometric variation and sexual dimorphism are closely related.
    [Show full text]
  • The Illegal Exploitation of the Javan Leopard (
    Nature Conservation 43: 25–39 (2021) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/natureconservation.43.59399 RESEARCH ARticlE https://natureconservation.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity conservation The illegal exploitation of the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) and Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi) in Indonesia Lalita Gomez1,2, Chris R. Shepherd1 1 Monitor Conservation Research Society, Big Lake, Canada 2 Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK Corresponding author: Chris R. Shepherd ([email protected]) Academic editor: M. Auliya | Received 6 October 2020 | Accepted 15 January 2021 | Published 22 March 2021 http://zoobank.org/17D9AAB6-8A94-4B5A-932F-6633FAD5D42B Citation: Gomez L, Shepherd CR (2021) The illegal exploitation of the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) and Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi) in Indonesia. Nature Conservation 43: 25–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/ natureconservation.43.59399 Abstract Indonesia is home to the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) and the Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi), both of which are threatened by habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict issues and the illegal wildlife trade. Leopards and clouded leopards are threatened by the illegal wildlife trade across their range, how- ever, very little is known of the illegal trade in these two species in Indonesia, or of the efforts made to tackle this crime. Both the Javan Leopard and Sunda Clouded Leopard are protected species in Indonesia and both species are listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), meaning commercial international trade is generally prohibited. To better understand the trade, and efforts to end this trade, we collected records of seizures and prosecutions relating to Javan Leopards and Sunda Clouded Leopards in Indonesia for the period 2011–2019.
    [Show full text]
  • EAZA Tiger Campaign
    B USHMEAT | R AINFOREST | T I GER | S HELLSHOCK | R HINO | M ADAGASCAR | A MPHIBIAN | C ARNIVORE | A PE EAZA Conservation Campaigns Over the last ten years Europe’s leading zoos and EAZA Tiger aquariums have worked together in addressing a variety of issues affecting a range of species and habitats. EAZA’s annual conservation campaigns have Campaign raised funds and promoted awareness amongst 2002-2004 millions of zoo visitors each year, as well as providing the impetus for key regulatory change. | INTRODUCTION | The Tiger campaign was EAZA's third campaign and the first to run for two years, from September 2002 until September 2004. It was launched to raise awareness for the conservation concerns facing tigers in the wild. About a century ago seven to eight subspecies of tiger still roamed the planet, but due to habitat loss, hunting and illegal wildlife trade three subspecies became extinct. For this campaign EAZA collaborated with 21st Century Tiger, a wild tiger conservation partnership between the Zoological Society of London and Global Tiger Patrol, which raises funds for tiger conservation projects in the field. | CAMPAIGN AIMS | Data suggests that in 2008 there were about 3,800 to 5,180 tigers left in the wildi, and their populations are shrinking further due to increased human activity. Their habitats across Asia are confined, small and isolated. The EAZA Tiger Campaign aimed, therefore, to promote awareness of the threats tigers face in their natural habitats, while at the same time raising the profile of zoos as conservation organisations. Additionally it was aimed to raise funds to support wild tiger conservation projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing the Distribution and Habitat Use of Four Felid Species in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia
    Global Ecology and Conservation 3 (2015) 210–221 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Global Ecology and Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/gecco Original research article Assessing the distribution and habitat use of four felid species in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia Jennifer L. McCarthy a,∗, Hariyo T. Wibisono b,c, Kyle P. McCarthy b, Todd K. Fuller a, Noviar Andayani c a Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA b Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, 248B Townsend Hall, Newark, DE 19716, USA c Wildlife Conservation Society—Indonesia Program, Jalan Atletik No. 8, Tanah Sareal, Bogor 16161, Indonesia article info a b s t r a c t Article history: There have been few targeted studies of small felids in Sumatra and there is little in- Received 24 October 2014 formation on their ecology. As a result there are no specific management plans for the Received in revised form 17 November species on Sumatra. We examined data from a long-term camera trapping effort, and used 2014 Maximum Entropy Modeling to assess the habitat use and distribution of Sunda clouded Accepted 17 November 2014 leopards (Neofelis diardi), Asiatic golden cats (Pardofelis temminckii), leopard cats (Pri- Available online 21 November 2014 onailurus bengalensis), and marbled cats (Pardofelis marmorata) in Bukit Barisan Sela- tan National Park. Over a period of 34,166 trap nights there were low photo rates (photo Keywords: Species distribution modeling events/100 trap nights) for all species; 0.30 for golden cats, 0.15 for clouded leopards, 0.10 Neofelis diardi for marbled cats, and 0.08 for leopard cats.
    [Show full text]
  • Bukit Barisan Selatan Tiger Conservation Program: from Understanding to Action
    BUKIT BARISAN SELATAN TIGER CONSERVATION PROGRAM: FROM UNDERSTANDING TO ACTION A FINAL REPORT TO THE NATIONAL FISH AND WILDLIFE FOUNDATION SAVE THE TIGER FUND FROM THE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION SOCIETY AUGUST 2005 Project #: 2004-0103-013 Grant Amount: $50,000 Grant Period: March 15, 2004 through June 30, 2005 Dates Covered by report: March 15, 2004 through June 30, 2005 Contacts: Colin Poole Linde E. T. Ostro, Ph.D. Director Director Asia Program Foundation Relations Wildlife Conservation Society Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx, NY 10460 Bronx, NY 10460 T: 718.741.5885 T: 718.220.6891 F: 718.364.4275 F: 718.364.7963 E: [email protected] E: [email protected] 1 WCS PROJECT PARTICIPANTS Project Supervisor: Dr. Noviar Andayani Project Manager: Untung Wijayanto Report Prepared By: Antonia Gorog & Donny Gunaryadi Administration Frida Mindasari Saanin Wianasari Isye Wardeni Tiger monitoring team Iswandri Tanjung Pandu Baroto Decky Kristiyantono Rusli Usman, Herwansyah Susilo Hagnyo Wandono Mohammed Zubair Erwin Willyanto Adnun Salampessy Ground survey & GIS David L.A. Gaveau Aslan Wildlife Crimes Unit, Sumatra Harry Alexander Dwi Adhiasto Marihot Manurung Edi Sofyan Sunari WCS CANOPI staff Didik Purwanto Edison Fitri Hendriyani Mochamad Saleh Yoki Hadiprakarsa Anton Nurcahyo Aslan Meyner Nusalawo Maya Prasetyaningrum Diah Dwiyahreni Dedi Permadi 2 PROJECT INTRODUCTION Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP), in Lampung and Bengkulu provinces of southern Sumatra, Indonesia, is one of a handful of remaining refuges for the Sumatran subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). This park – the third largest protected area on Sumatra at 3,568 km2 – is of high conservation value.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 1: Introduction
    Husbandry Guidelines For The Tiger Panthera tigris (Mammalia: Felidae ) By Rachael Baker Western Institute of Sydney 2006 Supervisors: Graeme Phipps, Andrew Titmus Jacki Selkeld and Elissa Smith Status: endangered 1 Tigers are always to be considered DANGEROUS *You should never be alone with a tiger when in close proximity, even when they are under anesthetic. *You should never attempt to physically handle a tiger. *Never enter a tiger enclosure or den unless you have checked that they are secure elsewhere. *Never cross over the warning line around dens or exhibits when a tiger is in residence. *Any locks should always be double checked by another keeper before bringing an animal into a den and after putting it out on exhibit. *Do not handle cubs unless you have double checked the mother is secure. 2 First, it is clear that tigers in captivity are dangerous animals that can cause serious harm to visitors and handlers alike any time they come in direct contact with these animals. Despite the appearance of pseudo-domestication in some trained tigers, these animals retain their predatory instincts and neural-visceral reflexes, and they can inflict serious wounds using their teeth or claws suddenly and without forewarning. Tigers (and other large cats) have the ability to cause significant trauma and hidden injuries. The most common location for these injuries is the nape of the neck—tigers and other large cats can realign their jaws so that they can bite down between a victim’s vertebrae and into the spinal cord. Bite wounds can also result in significant bacterial infections (Nyhus et al, 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • Sumatran Tiger
    [ABCDE] Volume 1, Issue 7 Nov. 6, 2001 CURRICULUM GUIDE: TIGERS e r I n E d u c a p a p t i o w s n P N e r o t g s r a P o m n t o g i n h s T a h e W C e u h r T r i f c u O l u e r m o C A t e T h h T e t C A o r m KLMNO e u l O u An Integrated Curriculum c f i r Resource Program T r h u e C W e a h s T h i n g t o n P m o a s r t g N o r e P w s n p o a i p t a e c r u I d n E ASSOCIATED PRESS PHOTO IN THIS ISSUE Word Study Tiger Resources Wild Vocabulary 2 4 7 A look at extinction Tigers in Print Academic Content 3 5 Endangered Species 8 Standards © 2001 The Washington Post Company An Integrated Curriculum For The Washington Post Newspaper In Education Program KLMNO Volume 1, Issue 7 Nov. 6, 2001 Sumatran Tiger Tiger Resources KidsPost Article: "Earning His Stripes” On the Web and in Print ON THE WEB http://www.fonz.org/animals/tigertiger/tiger- Lesson: Investigating rare and endangered animals cubpr1.htm Level: Intermediate Friends of the National Zoo Subjects: Science See pictures and learn about Sumatran tigers at the zoo. Related Activity: Geography, English, Language Arts www.5tigers.org Procedure 5 Tigers: The Tiger Information Center Dedicated to providing an international forum focusing Read and Discuss on the preservation of wild tigers across Asia and in Read the KidsPost article.
    [Show full text]
  • Dramatic Decline of Wild South China Tigers Panthera Tigris Amoyensis: Field Survey of Priority Tiger Reserves
    Colby College Digital Commons @ Colby Faculty Scholarship 1-1-2004 Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis: field survey of priority tiger reserves Ronald Tilson Hu Defu Jeff Muntifering Philip J. Nyhus Colby College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the International and Area Studies Commons Recommended Citation Tilson, Ronald; Defu, Hu; Muntifering, Jeff; and Nyhus, Philip J., "Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis: field survey of priority tiger reserves" (2004). Faculty Scholarship. 10. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/faculty_scholarship/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Colby. Oryx Vol 38 No 1 January 2004 Dramatic decline of wild South China tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis: field survey of priority tiger reserves Ronald Tilson, Hu Defu, Jeff Muntifering and Philip J. Nyhus Abstract This paper describes results of a Sino- tree farms and other habitat conversion is common, and American field survey seeking evidence of South China people and their livestock dominate these fragments. While tigers Panthera tigris amoyensis in the wild. In 2001 and our survey may not have been exhaustive, and there may 2002 field surveys were conducted in eight reserves in be a single tiger or a few isolated tigers still remaining at five provinces identified by government authorities as sites we missed, our results strongly indicate that no habitat most likely to contain tigers.
    [Show full text]
  • Population Genetics and Structure of the Sumatran Tiger
    Population Genetics and Structure of the Sumatran tiger Olutolani Smith A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Division of Biology, Imperial College London May 2012 Declaration I confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources I confirm that this has been appropriately referenced. © The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without her prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. - 2 - Abstract The two key determinants of population persistence in fragmented landscapes are population size and connectivity. Populations with high levels of genetic variation and large population size are expected to have a lower risk of extinction. Similarly, populations with high rates of connectivity are expected to persist long-term. For many elusive landscape species it is difficult to obtain direct estimates of these parameters, but genetic sampling can offer powerful indirect assessments. Whilst these techniques have been applied to the study of many wide-ranging carnivores, this study represents the first example in the Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). Extensive field surveys were conducted to collect faecal samples from several Tiger Conservation Landscapes and protected areas on Sumatra. Samples were then processed according to optimised protocols to obtain reliable results. In order to quantify extinction risk I first estimated genetic variation and effective population size using microsatellite loci. I also determined relative levels of connectivity using estimates of differentiation (FST), gene flow and genetic clustering. Results indicate that Sumatran tigers have high levels of genetic variation and that their effective population size is within the expected range.
    [Show full text]
  • SUMATRAN TIGER CARNIVORA Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: Tigris
    SUMATRAN TIGER CARNIVORA Family: Felidae Genus: Panthera Species: tigris sumatrae Range: Island of Sumatra near the Malaysian Peninsula Habitat: Evergreen forest, swamp forest, grassland and tropical rain forest. Niche: nocturnal/crepuscular, terrestrial, carnivorous Wild diet: wild pig and Sambar deer Zoo diet: fortified horsemeat Life Span: (Wild) 15 yrs (Captivity) 26 yrs Sexual dimorphism: Male is larger and heavier than female Location in SF Zoo: Lion House APPEARANCE & PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS: The background color of the upper parts ranges from reddish orange to reddish brown while the under parts are creamy to white. The head, body, tail and limbs have a series of narrow vertically oriented black, grey, or brown stripes though they are proportionally wider than the others. The Sumatran is the smallest of the five remaining tiger subspecies and has the darkest coat. Their smaller size makes it easier for them to make their way through the jungle where they can stalk and ambush their prey. The hind limbs are longer than the fore limbs that along with the shoulders are more heavily muscled (more so than the hind limbs). The forepaws have long, sharp retractile claws enabling them to grab and hold prey once contact is made. The skull is foreshortened, thus increasing the shearing leverage of the powerful Weight: M 200-350 lbs jaws. Ears have well developed earflaps that are keen sound collectors. F 180 - 300 The tongue is coated with sharp-pointed papillae, which retains and Length: 7.2 - 8.9 ft lacerates food, and rasp flesh off a carcass. This tiger has distinctively TL: 23.5 - 37 ins.
    [Show full text]
  • Nowhere to Hide: the Trade in Sumatran Tiger
    NOWHERE TO HIDE: THE TRADE IN SUMATRAN TIGER CHRIS R. SHEPHERD NOLAN MAGNUS A TRAFFIC SOUTHEAST ASIA REPORT © 2004 TRAFFIC Southeast Asia All rights reserved. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be produced with permission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit TRAFFIC Southeast Asia as the copyright owner. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF, TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Layout by Noorainie Awang Anak, TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Suggested citation: Shepherd, Chris R. and Magnus, Nolan (2004). Nowhere to hide: The trade in Sumatran Tiger TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Cover photograph: Chris R. Shepherd / TRAFFIC Southeast Asia NOWHERE TO HIDE: The Trade in Sumatran Tiger NOWHERE TO HIDE: THE TRADE IN SUMATRAN TIGER CHRIS R. SHEPHERD NOLAN MAGNUS TRADE OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER Panthera tigris sumatrae TRADE OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER Panthera tigris sumatrae TRADE OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER Panthera tigris sumatrae TRADE OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER Asia TRAFFIC Southeast Panthera tigris sumatrae Credit: NOWHERE TO HIDE: The Trade in Sumatran Tiger CONTENTS Key to Abbreviations used in this report iv Acknowledgements v Executive Summary vi 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Nowhere to Hide: the Trade in Sumatran Tiger
    NOWHERE TO HIDE: THE TRADE IN SUMATRAN TIGER CHRIS R. SHEPHERD NOLAN MAGNUS A TRAFFIC SOUTHEAST ASIA REPORT © 2004 TRAFFIC Southeast Asia All rights reserved. All material appearing in this publication is copyrighted and may be produced with permission. Any reproduction in full or in part of this publication must credit TRAFFIC Southeast Asia as the copyright owner. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC Network, WWF or IUCN. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of TRAFFIC or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership is held by WWF, TRAFFIC is a joint programme of WWF and IUCN. Layout by Noorainie Awang Anak, TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Suggested citation: Shepherd, Chris R. and Magnus, Nolan (2004). Nowhere to hide: The trade in Sumatran Tiger TRAFFIC Southeast Asia Cover photograph: Chris R. Shepherd / TRAFFIC Southeast Asia NOWHERE TO HIDE: The Trade in Sumatran Tiger NOWHERE TO HIDE: THE TRADE IN SUMATRAN TIGER CHRIS R. SHEPHERD NOLAN MAGNUS TRADE OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER Panthera tigris sumatrae TRADE OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER Panthera tigris sumatrae TRADE OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER Panthera tigris sumatrae TRADE OF THE SUMATRAN TIGER Asia TRAFFIC Southeast Panthera tigris sumatrae Credit: NOWHERE TO HIDE: The Trade in Sumatran Tiger CONTENTS Key to Abbreviations used in this report iv Acknowledgements v Executive Summary vi 1.
    [Show full text]