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TOWNS and VILLAGES in LESOTHO: Basic Data on the Level and Range of Services

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TOWNS and VILLAGES in LESOTHO: Basic Data on the Level and Range of Services N TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN LESOTHO: basic data on the level and range of services Elize Moody , --- .. • -t•4 . :r~.~ .. -l .•. TOWNS AND VILLAGES IN LESOTHO: basic data on the level and range of services Elize Moody PRETORI A FIRST PUBLISHED IN 1974 BY THE AFRICA INSTITUTE OF SOUTH AFRICA, P.O. BOX 630, PRETORIA. Excerpts from this publication mav be used with acknowledgement of the soJrce COMMUNICATIONS OF THE AFRICA INSTITUTE NO. 22 Priee R 1,35 - Overseas R 1,50 Members' priee R 1,10 174100 ISBN 0 7983 0045 0 Prfnted in t he Republic of South Africa by the Africa lnstitute of South Africa FOREWORD The information presented in this publication is part of the f actual mate rial collecte'd for a more detailed study, "Growth Centres in Lesotho," scheduled to appear later this year. The initial impulse for this study-project came from the then he ad of the Le sotho Department of Planning and Development, 1'1r. T. Thahane, who pointed out that development planning in his country was being seriously hampered by the lack of detailed data concerning the availaqility and location of diverse services in specifie areas. Field work was undertaken between March 1973 and February 1974. Although the author was abl e herself to undertake the work in a number of towns and villages, she was fortunate in obtaining the s e rvices of university students and other competent persans who covered the remaining centres. \Vi thout the ir assistance and that of numerous other persans in Lesotho, the work could not have been carried out. Various officials in Lesotho gave generously of their time collectin ~ , or supervising the gathering of, the r equired information. A number of people a lso helped with the compilation of the maps and special mention must be made of Mr. D. Ambrose of U.B.L.S. who he lpe d to locate many of t~e smaller villages not shown on the official 1:50 000 map series. The author wishes to express her sincere gratitude and appreciation to all of them and can only hope that the studies to which they have contributed will not disappoint them . This publication is dedicated to the memory of Dorothea Hamann whose enthusiasm and unfailing support in organising the first stage were invaluable. She saw the present survey as part 1 of the l arger effort of planning for the progress of Lesotho - the country she loved and where she died. CONTENTS Introduction H1otse 1 Teyateyaneng 5 Mafeteng ll Moha1e's Hoek 15 Quthing 20 Qacha • s Nek 25 Mokhot1ong 27 Butha- Bu the 30 Peka 35 Ficksburg Bridge 38 Mats i eng 41 Morija 44 Marakabei 47 Mantsonyane 50 Roma 53 Sekake - Leso1i 57 Thaba Tseka 59 Seh1abathebe 61 LIST OF MAPS Map 1 Index Map Opposite page 1 Map 2 H1otse (Leribe) Opposite page 2 Map 3a and 3b Teyateyaneng Opposite page 6 Map 4 Mafeteng Opposite page 12 Map 5a and 5b Moha1e•s Hoek Opposite page 16 page 20 ~1ap 6a and 6b Quthing Opposite Map 7a and 7b Qacha•s Nek Opposite page 26 Map 8a and 8b Mokhot1ong Opposite page 28 Map 9.a and 9b Butha-Buthe Opposite page 30 Map 10 Peka Opposite page 36 Map 11 Ficksburg Bridge Opposite page 38 Map 12 Matsieng Opposite page 42 fvlap 13 Morija Opposite page 44 Map 14 Marakabei Opposite page 48 Map 15 Mantsonyane Opposite page 50 Map 16a and 16b Roma Opposite page 54 Map 17 Sekake-Leso1 i Opposite page 57 Map 18 Thaba Tseka Opposite page 60 Map 18a and 19b Seh1abathebe Opposite page 62 INTRODUCTION The pre-colonial settlement pattern in Lesotho reflected and was func­ tionally related to the phy:ical and historical/social environme nt. People settled in areas which were relatively safer and which offered the bcst opportunities for subsistence farming and cattle graz ing. They established small di spersed settle­ ments and l arger vill ag es , i.e. the nucleated pattern typical of the Basotho. Coloni al admin istrators introduced a new system of admi nistration which c~anged the spati al structure of the traditional society. Cent res of loca l authority were es­ tablished in the various districts into 1vhich the country was divided. The arrival of missionaries and the establishment of mis sion stations, school s and hospitals added a further el ement in the spatial framework. Various ether factors such as the setting up of trading posts, subsequently influenced the settlement pattern, re­ sulting in a single reasonably integrated core area, comprising Maseru and its immediate surroundings, and a poorly integrated periphery 1vhere life is still mainly at subsistance l eve l. Maseru, the seat of government, has attracted sorne small­ scale indus try and has a rapidly growing population (an estimated annual increase of about 12 ta 14 percent). Th e hig her productivity and potenti al of the northern lowlands , and ta a l es ser extent the southern lowlands, have attracted various FAO/UNDP and World Bank agricul tu ral schemes, which yet again focus on Maseru (i.e. Th aba Bosiu Sch eme ) and ~n the ether larger towns/villages of the northern and southern lowl ands (e .g. Leribe, Ficksburg Bridge, ~~hale's Ho ek, Quthing). Th e Govern me nt of Lesotho, as well as various deve l opment pl anners and agencies op e ratin~ within the country, has expressed concern about the concentration of population, capital and industry in Maseru ta the detriment of ether towns and especially of the l ittl e deve l oped periphery surrounding thi s core. Although Government departments and the various donor ag encies differas regards the details of fu ture develo pm ent pl an s and strategies , they all seem ta accept - exp licitly or implicitly- the basic assump tion that a hierarchy of growth centres ca n and must be establi shed as a precondition for balanced long - terni deve lopme nt sa as ta en sure social sati sfaction and econo mie growth. Ultimately the probl em resol ves itself into two i ss ues : (a) Is it essential to establish a hierarchy of growth centres? (b) Is it feasib l e to es tabli sh such a hierarchy? Several studies have dea lt with either or bath of these questions . Careful scrutiny of all these studies reveal s that too many studi es are highly theoretical and insuffi ci ently based on specifie qua ntifi ab l e data Thi s impression is confirmed by discussions 1·1ith various members of the Department of Pl anning and Development and also with other planners and representatives of donor agenc ies. Far too little is known abo ut the actual areas served by various villages and towns and " the nature and scope of the services offered (suc h as roads i de marketing, genera l dea l ers, school s etc.) The present surv ey, the results of which are summar ised here, i s an attempt to provide some of this essential data. THE SURVE Y Since it is held that certain of the existing tow ns and vill ages should be developed as pri ma ry, secondary or tertiary grov1th centres , the main aim of the survey is to try to determine the area served by town or vi ll age as a whole, and then by ea ch of the various services in turn. After extensive s tu dy of the literature on comparab l e projects , 1) a questionnaire was draw n up , and after careful briefing in Maser u, two students (who acted as fieldworkers for eight towns /villages ) we re sent to Mo rija to t es t bath the questionnai, 0 and their own ability to obtain the information sought. An ~ nalysis of the results of this pi lot project necess itated the re-drafting of certain sections of the questionnaire. Helpful sug ge stions were offered by Government officials, in parti cu l ar official s of ~he Dep artme nts of Planning , Agricu l ture and Statistics. Th e two students then surveyed ~1ats ieng, Roma, Marakabei, J·la ntsonyane, Mafeteng, Quthing and Moha leshoek. Th e district adm ini strators for Butha-Buthe, Qacha ' s Nek and Mok hotlong were most helpful and supervised (or even und ertook personally) the complet ion of l) The follo1~ing two publ ica ti ons were especi al ly useful: D'Barr, W.M., Spain, D.H. and Tessler , M.A. (editors) Survey Research in Africa, Northwestern University Pres s, Evanston 1973 . Paus ew ang, Siegfried. Methods and Concepts of Social Research in a Rura l Developing Soci ety . Weltforum Verlag, Munich , 1973 . questionnaires for these towns. Th e relative inaccessibility of Mokhotlong presented considerable problems, and the methods employed to check or obtain information from that cen ~re included the sending of questionnaires by travell ers , and by aeropl ane from Lady sm ith in Nata l. Unforseen changes in Government departments necessitated asking members of the Town and Regional Plrnning Unit, and al so donor ag enc i es and students of U.B .L. S. to assist with the surveying of the no rthern towns. The more inaccessible villages of Sekake-Les oli, Th aba -Ts eka and Sehla- bathebe were surveyed by the author personally during a tour of the mountainous regions of Lesotho. CROS S CHECKING 1. In order to check the accuracy of answers in the questionnaires the following dep artments v1ere contacted fol" si mi l al" information to that contained in the qu estionnaires: Department Data Education Li st of secondary schoo l s .
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