Design and Preliminary Testing of a Novel Sit-Snowboard, Enabling Chairlift Usage
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Design and preliminary testing of a novel sit-snowboard, enabling chairlift usage by: M.R. Hoogwout A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering at the Delft University of Technology, to be defended publicly on Monday May 12, 2014 at 15:00pm Examination committee: dr.ir. G.J.M. Tuijthof, TU Delft ir. G. Van der Werf, Prodaptive dr.ir. A.J. Loeve, TU Delft prof.dr. J. Dankelman, TU Delft DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY TESTING OF A NOVEL SIT-SNOWBOARD, ENABLING CHAIRLIFT USAGE Page 2 of 224 DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY TESTING OF A NOVEL SIT-SNOWBOARD, ENABLING CHAIRLIFT USAGE TABLE OF CONTENT PAPER .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 APPENDICES .............................................................................................................................................................................23 APPENDIX 1 - MARKET ANALYSIS ..............................................................................................................................................25 APPENDIX 2 - CURRENT DESIGNS PRODAPTIVE ..........................................................................................................................27 APPENDIX 3 - POTENTIAL USERS ...............................................................................................................................................31 APPENDIX 4 - NOTES SNOWBOARD FUNDAY .............................................................................................................................35 APPENDIX 5 - INTERVIEW CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................37 APPENDIX 6 - SNOWBOARDERS QUESTIONNAIRE.......................................................................................................................39 APPENDIX 7 - USER QUESTIONNAIRE (ENGLISH)........................................................................................................................43 APPENDIX 8 - USER QUESTIONNAIRE (DUTCH) ..........................................................................................................................49 APPENDIX 9 - QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS....................................................................................................................................55 APPENDIX 10 - SNOWBOARDS ..................................................................................................................................................65 APPENDIX 11 - SIT-SNOWBOARDING ........................................................................................................................................69 APPENDIX 12 - CHAIRLIFTS CONFIGURATIONS AND DIMENSIONS.................................................................................................75 APPENDIX 13 - CHAIRLIFTS STATISTICS ......................................................................................................................................81 APPENDIX 14 - USING A CHAIRLIFT ...........................................................................................................................................85 APPENDIX 15 - EDGE CATCHING ...............................................................................................................................................89 APPENDIX 16 - EXCEL MODEL ..................................................................................................................................................93 APPENDIX 17 - UNLOADING MODEL.........................................................................................................................................97 APPENDIX 18 - DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS................................................................................................................................. 101 APPENDIX 19 - DESIGN CHOICES ........................................................................................................................................... 107 APPENDIX 20 - FORCES ON FRAME ........................................................................................................................................ 111 APPENDIX 21 - SEAT DESIGN ................................................................................................................................................. 117 APPENDIX 22 - CHAIRLIFT POSITION....................................................................................................................................... 125 APPENDIX 23 - SITTING CONSTRUCTION DESIGN .................................................................................................................... 129 APPENDIX 24 - PROPULSION CHECK ....................................................................................................................................... 143 APPENDIX 25 - HANDLEBAR DESIGN ...................................................................................................................................... 145 APPENDIX 26 - PROTOTYPE DESIGN CHOICES ......................................................................................................................... 157 APPENDIX 27 - DESIGN DRAWINGS - SNOWGO ...................................................................................................................... 161 APPENDIX 28 - DESIGN DRAWINGS – TEST SET-UP’S .............................................................................................................. 165 APPENDIX 29 - METHOD OF VALIDATION - LAB TEST (HANDLEBAR)........................................................................................ 169 APPENDIX 30 - METHOD OF VALIDATION – LAB TEST (LIMITER) ............................................................................................. 175 APPENDIX 31 - METHOD OF VALIDATION – LAB TEST (SUBJECTS) ........................................................................................... 179 APPENDIX 32 - TEST EXPLANATION........................................................................................................................................ 187 APPENDIX 33 - METHOD OF VALIDATION – FIELD TEST (SIT-SNOWBOARDING) ........................................................................ 191 APPENDIX 34 - METHOD OF VALIDATION – FIELD TEST (CHAIRLIFT) ........................................................................................ 199 APPENDIX 35 - TEST RESULTS ................................................................................................................................................ 203 APPENDIX 36 - COMMENTS OF SNOWBOARDING TEST PERSONS ............................................................................................. 211 APPENDIX 37 - SNOWGO CHAIRLIFT MANUAL ....................................................................................................................... 213 APPENDIX 38 - DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................................... 215 WORD OF THANKS............................................................................................................................................................... 223 Page 3 of 224 DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY TESTING OF A NOVEL SIT-SNOWBOARD, ENABLING CHAIRLIFT USAGE Page 4 of 224 DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY TESTING OF A NOVEL SIT-SNOWBOARD, ENABLING CHAIRLIFT USAGE PAPER Page 5 of 224 DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY TESTING OF A NOVEL SIT-SNOWBOARD ENABLING CHAIRLIFT USAGE DESIGN AND PRELIMINARY TESTING OF A NOVEL SIT-SNOWBOARD, ENABLING CHAIRLIFT USAGE Michelle R. Hoogwouta, Gabriëlle J.M. Tuijthofa, Gina van der Werfb, Arjo J. Loevea, Jenny Dankelmana, aDept. of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands bProdaptive, Labs55, Lulofsstraat 55, Unit 26, 2521 AL Den Haag, The Netherlands ABSTRACT Keywords: Disability, snowboard, sit- snowboard, design, paraplegia, accessibility Sit-snowboards allow a person with the inability to actively use his/her legs to 1. INTRODUCTION snowboard while sitting. However, existing prototypes do not allow using a chairlift. The Snowboarding is an extreme sport that goal of this study was to modify a prototype sit- seems to have more injuries than downhill snowboard, MINI, to add chairlift accessibility. skiing [Bladin, 2004][Prall,1995][Fulham MINI has a seat construction and two O‟Neill, 1999][Seino, 2001][Chow, 1996]. In a handlebars which allow the user to steer the study of 7188 injuries caused by snowboarding, snowboard. After thorough assessment of all 3.3 percent were spinal cord related, compared constructed design parameters the most to only 1.4 percent of spinal cord injuries found important design parameters for this research with skiing [Yamakawa, 2001]. Of all spinal were determined; 1) the sit-snowboard seat cord injuries, 60 percent results in paraplegia. needs to turn 90 degrees with respect to the With a wheelchair paraplegics can participate in snowboard, 2) the tubes of the sitting activities of daily living and with specially construction have to be constructed differently designed wheelchairs participation in sports is to allow the chairlift seat to get under the sit