Disaster Risk Management Programs for Priority Countries
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GFDRR —Disaster Risk Management Programs for Priority Countries for Priority —Disaster Risk Management Programs Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GFDRR Secretariat 1818 H Street NW Washington, DC 20433, USA Telephone: 202 458 0268 Facsimile: 202 522 3227 E-mail: [email protected] Web Site: www.gfdrr.org Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2009 Disaster Risk Management Programs for Priority Countries Special thanks to the partners who support GFDRR’s work to protect livelihoods and improve lives: Australia, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, UN International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, USAID Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, and the World Bank. Disaster Risk Management Programs for Priority Countries Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery 2009 This volume is a product of the staff of the The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Design: [email protected] / III CONTENTS FOREWORD / v 2009 Priority Countries Donor Earmarked Countries AFRICA EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Ethiopia / 2 Cambodia / 188 Ghana / 17 Lao PDR / 197 Mozambique / 32 Vanuatu / 205 Togo / 43 LatIN AmeRICA & CaRIbbeaN EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Colombia / 222 Indonesia / 62 Costa Rica / 231 Marshall Islands / 72 Ecuador / 241 Papua New Guinea / 85 Guatemala / 251 Solomon Islands / 96 Vietnam / 106 SOUTH ASIA Bangladesh / 262 EUROpe AND CeNTRAL ASIA Pakistan / 272 Kyrgyz Republic / 122 Sri Lanka / 285 LatIN AmeRICA & CaRIbbeaN Haiti / 134 Panama / 145 MIddLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA Djibouti / 156 Republic of Yemen / 164 SOUTH ASIA Nepal / 178 / V FOREWORD At its 5th meeting in Copenhagen in November 2008, the GFDRR Consultative Group asked the Secretariat to focus on a select group of priority countries to achieve increased impact. In GFDRR’s Track II, Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in Development, this lead to a prioritization of operations in 20 core countries, including Burkina Faso, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Ghana, Haiti, Indonesia, Kyrgyz Republic, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Marshall Islands, Mozambique, Nepal, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Senegal, Solomon Islands, Togo, Vietnam, and Republic of Yemen. The countries were selected due to their high vulnerability to natural hazards and low economic resilience to cope with disaster impacts including anticipated climate change and variability. Two thirds of the countries are least developed countries and twelve are highly indebted poor countries. Nine are from Africa and several others are Small Island States at high risk. These 20 core countries will receive 80 percent of available funds while 20 percent will be made available for flexible, innovative, high impact grants, such as those that catalyze increased investment programs and integration of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in development in any disaster prone country. GFDRR will also systemize and deepen its engagement in eleven single donor trust fund countries, including Bangladesh, Cambodia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Lao PDR, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Timor-Leste, and Vanuatu, using funding made available by the concerned donors. To develop a strategic and integrated vision, GFDRR is preparing comprehensive programs for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation for the next three to five years in each of the priority and donor earmarked countries. The DEVelOpment PROcess OF PROgrAms A multi-stakeholder planning process lays the foundation for the comprehensive national programs for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. The process ensures the facilitation of ownership by governments for their risk reduction agenda and the initiation of larger strategic partnerships and disaster risk reduction platforms. In each priority country, the following steps are undertaken to develop the country programs: 1. investigation of a) the underlying risk factors and b) the progress in the five priority areas of the Hyogo Framework for Action; 2. stocktaking of ongoing risk reduction and climate change adaptation programs by key stakeholders, including UN agencies, multilateral and bilateral donors, and other partners; VI / DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS FOR PRIORITY COUNTRIES 3. identification of key gaps at national, sector, and local levels; 4. solicitation of proposals from different government and non-government entities and concerned donor agencies; 5. analysis of the solicited proposals and consensus building in a consultative process involving a range of stakeholders, including relevant government ministries, UN organizations, multilateral and bilateral donors, INGOs and civil society actors; 6. development of strategic comprehensive programs of support based on the gathered information. Criteria used for the selection of the proposed activities include the relevance in addressing underlying risk factors, the leveraging potential of future disaster risk management interventions, and meeting the challenge of increased risk reduction activity synchronization and synergy building across various donors and thereby improving the quality and effectiveness of donor aid in the DRM arena. The presented programs are indicative and further dialogue with the Governments and other partners will refine the agendas as the detailed planning and implementation phases start. At the sixth meeting of the GFDRR Consultative Group in Geneva, disaster risk management plans are put forward for 25 out of the 31 priority and donor-earmarked countries. The plans for the six remaining countries of Burkina Faso, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Senegal, and Timor Leste will be submitted at the seventh meeting of the GFDRR Consultative Group since consultations in these countries are still ongoing. AchIEVIng OUtcOmes A set of priorities has emerged which will drive the GFDRR supported risk reduction agenda for the next three to five years. Knowledge, advisory, and capacity building on all levels. Many countries are undergoing a substantial shift in DRM structures, roles and responsibilities away from classical disaster response functions to multi-sectoral and ministerial development agendas around risk reduction and climate change. It will require a strong investment in national capacities for Governments to lead and implement the comprehensive risk reduction agendas and to coordinate between ministries. Local authorities at district level will also require technical support to put new strategies into practice. Intensified support for sectoral mainstreaming. The programs identify the Governments’ demand for technical and managerial support to develop sector specific risk reduction strategies and priority program investments. The most urgent investments are linked to the hydro-meteorological sector in flood protection and mitigation of storm damages due to increased severity of changing weather patterns. Coordination of disaster risk management and climate change adaption agendas. Disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation should largely be managed as one integrated agenda. Both agendas have a few differences but many overlaps. Many of the country programs aim to integrate the two agendas and strengthen the coordination between climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction institutions. The resulting climate risk management approach treats existing and future climate-related risks as one continuum, generates social and economic benefits in the short term, while also reducing vulnerability to long-term changes in climate. Comprehensive risk assessments. Many countries have made progress in sector specific hazard assessments but there is practically no targeted country within the GFDRR framework that has developed a comprehensive hazard risk assessment system where data is easily collected, analyzed and shared with various stakeholders either within the GLOBAL FACILITY FOR DISASTER REDucTION AND RECOVERY / VII government or with external constituencies. Generally, the scope of monitoring systems will have to be expanded in most countries while investments in advanced technology are required. Better risk financing models to alleviate macro and micro economic loss of assets due to disasters. The area of risk financing is emerging as a macro-economic issue of great importance, most notably as all countries face significant loss in GDP by a wide range of natural hazards. Most GFDRR core countries therefore strive to develop innovative finance instruments including Disaster Management Funds for response and recovery activity as well as Catastrophe Insurance risk financing models to cover losses to state and private sector assets. Pooling risks at a macro- economic level as well as finding micro-insurance schemes for individuals at a community setting prove how complex and diverse the needs are for innovative finance instruments. Improved engagement of civil society and community actors in building resilience on local levels to ensure a bottom up process to mainstreaming risk reduction priorities.