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The Allies Turn the Tide

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The Allies Turn the Tide WH07MOD_se_CH17_s03_s.fmwh07_te_ch17_s03_MOD_s.fm Page 577 Page Friday, 577 February Monday, 2, 2007 March 3:43 PM12, 2007 4:10 PM American medal awarded for supporting the war Step-by-Step SECTION Instruction WITNESS HISTORY AUDIO 3 Support the War! Objectives For the Allies to succeed against the relentless Axis war As you teach this section, keep students machine, everyone—on the home front as well as on the focused on the following objectives to help battlefield—had to work tirelessly. Ships needed to be them answer the Section Focus Question built in a matter of days, not months. Airplanes, tanks, and and master core content. 3 ammunition had to be mass-produced. As factories 3 converted to war production, the production of consumer ■ Understand how nations devoted all of British poster goods such as automobiles ceased. All efforts were encouraging their resources to fighting World women to work focused on the massive production of the materials of war. War II. in factories to Focus Question How did the Allies begin to push back ■ Explain how Allied victories began to increase the Axis powers? production push back the Axis powers. ■ Describe D-Day and the Allied advance toward Germany. The Allies Turn the Tide Objectives As 1942 began, the Allies were in trouble. German bombers flew • Understand how nations devoted all of their unrelenting raids over Britain, and the German army advanced deep resources to fighting World War II. into the Soviet Union. In the Pacific, the Japanese onslaught seemed unstoppable. But helped by extraordinary efforts on the home front Prepare to Read • Explain how Allied victories began to push back and a series of military victories, the tide was about to turn. the Axis powers. Build Background Knowledge L3 • Describe D-Day and the Allied advance toward Germany. Using a map of the world, point to an All-Out War area of fighting at this stage of the war To defeat the Axis war machine, the Allies had to commit them- and ask volunteers to summarize the Axis selves to total war. Total war means nations devote all of their and Allied positions there. Guide stu- resources to the war effort. dents to see that the Axis had the upper Terms, People, and Places hand almost everywhere. Governments Increase Power To achieve maximum war pro- Rosie the Riveter Stalingrad duction, democratic governments in the United States and Great aircraft carrier D-Day Set a Purpose L3 Dwight Eisenhower Yalta Conference Britain increased their political power. They directed economic resources into the war effort, ordering factories to stop making ■ WITNESS HISTORY Read the selection cars or refrigerators and to turn out airplanes or tanks instead. aloud or play the audio. Governments implemented programs to ration or control the Recognize Sequence In a flowchart like the one AUDIO Witness History Audio CD, amount of food and other vital goods consumers could buy. They below, sequence the events that turned the tide of raised money by holding war bond drives, in which citizens lent Support the War! the war towards the Allies. their government certain sums of money that would be returned Ask What will the Allies need to Allies Turn the Tide with interest later. Prices and wages were also regulated. While carry out this great effort? (raw the war brought some shortages and hardships, the increase in materials and workers) With so many 1942 1943 1944 production ended the unemployment of the depression era. men going to fight in the war, who Under the pressures of war, even democratic governments lim- will fill the need for workers? • Allies • Jan. — • ited the rights of citizens, censored the press, and used propa- (women) increase Germans ganda to win public support for the war. In the United States and production. surrender at • Canada, many citizens of Japanese descent lost their jobs, prop- ■ Focus Point out the Section Focus • Stalingrad. • • erty, and civil rights. Many Japanese Americans and Japanese Question and write it on the board. • Canadians were even interned in camps after their governments Tell students to refer to this question as they read. (Answer appears with Section 3 Assessment answers.) Vocabulary Builder ■ Preview Have students preview the Section Objectives and the list of Use the information below and the following resources to teach the high-use words from this section. Terms, People, and Places. Teaching Resources, Unit 4, p. 70; Teaching Resources, Skills Handbook, p. 3 ■ Have students read this High-Use Words Definitions and Sample Sentences section using the Paragraph Shrinking incessant, p. 582 adj. uninterrupted; ceaseless strategy (TE, p. T20). As they read, Because of the incessant rain yesterday, we never made it to the beach. have students fill in the flowchart describing the sequence of events that inevitable, p. 583 adj. unavoidable; inescapable turned the tide of the war. The soccer squads’ victory in the state finals seemed inevitable, because the team had outplayed its competitor during the entire game. Reading and Note Taking Study Guide, p. 183 Chapter 17 Section 3 577 wh07_te_ch17_s03_MOD_s.fm Page 578 Monday, March 12, 2007 4:11WH07MOD_se_CH17_s03_s.fm PM Page 578 Tuesday, June 20, 2006 4:00 PM decided that they were a security risk. The British took similar action Teach against German refugees. Some 40 years later, both the United States and Canada provided former internees with reparations, or payment for damages, but for many the compensation came too late. All-Out War L3 Women Help Win the War As men joined the military, millions of Instruct women around the world replaced them in essential war industry jobs. ■ Introduce Display Color Transpar- Women, symbolized by the character “Rosie the Riveter” in the United ency 176: World War II Poster. States, built ships and planes and produced munitions. Have students also look at the British British and American women served in the armed forces in many aux- poster on the previous page. Discuss iliary roles—driving ambulances, delivering airplanes, and decoding how posters, advertisements, and mov- messages. In occupied Europe, women fought in the resistance. Marie ies helped to instill patriotism and a Fourcade, a French woman, helped downed Allied pilots escape to safety. desire to cooperate in the war effort. Soviet women served in combat roles. Soviet pilot Lily Litvak, for exam- Color Transparencies, 176 ple, shot down 12 German planes before she herself was killed. ■ Teach Ask Why would Britain and How did the Allies mobilize all of their resources for the the United States need to ration, or war effort? limit, the amount of consumer goods available? (to preserve supplies The Allies Forge Ahead for the war effort) What impact did The years 1942–1943 marked the turning point of the war. The Allies increased production have on the won victories on four fronts—the Pacific, North Africa and Italy, the economy? (It finally ended the Soviet Union, and France—to push back the Axis tide. depression.) Japanese Navy Battered In the Pacific, the Japanese suffered their ■ Quick Activity Ask Why did Allied first serious setback at the Battle of the Coral Sea. The battle lasted for governments intern people with five days in May 1942. For the first time in naval history, the enemy ships Japanese and German ancestry in never even saw each other. Attacks were carried out by planes launched camps? (from fear that they were secu- from aircraft carriers, or ships that transport aircraft and accommodate rity risks) Using the Numbered Heads the take-off and landing of airplanes. The Japanese were prevented from strategy (TE, p. T23), ask students to Air War in the Pacific seizing several important islands. More importantly, the Americans sank discuss the following: In times of war, Allied forces won decisive victories in the one Japanese aircraft carrier and several cruisers and destroyers. does a government have the right to Coral Sea and at Midway Island. The This Allied victory was followed by an even more impressive win at the Japanese pilots below may have taken part Battle of Midway in June 1942, which was also fought entirely from the take away civil liberties? in these battles, which were fought from planes launched from aircraft carriers. How air. The Americans destroyed four Japanese carriers and more than 250 Independent Practice do you think aircraft carriers changed planes. The battle was a devastating blow to the Japanese. After Midway, naval warfare? Japan was unable to launch any more offensive operations. Have students take the role of an Ameri- can woman who has entered the work- Alaska The Big Three Plot Their Strategy After the United States entered force for the first time and write a letter (U.S.) the war, the Allied leaders met periodically to hammer out their strategy. s to a male relative in the army. Have them Sea of land Japan Aleutian Is explain why they wanted to work. JAPAN Tokyo Midway Pearl Haw aiia Harbor n Is Monitor Progress lan ds New As students complete their flowcharts, Guinea circulate to make sure they correctly Guadalcanal Pacific C Ocean o r Coral Sea identify and sequence the key events. a l S e For a completed version of the flowchart, AUSTRALIA a see Note Taking Transparencies, 186 History Background Answers Social Impact of War To meet the needs of total The war also provided new opportunities at home. converted factories from making consumer war, Americans of all backgrounds joined the armed At first, defense industries did not want to hire African goods to making airplanes, tanks, and ships; forces. Filipino and Korean Americans were especially Americans. In 1942, President Roosevelt issued Execu- rationed goods; regulated wages and prices; eager to fight, not only to aid the Allied effort, but also tive Order 8802, which banned discrimination in job worked to recruit all members of society to the to liberate their homelands from Japanese conquest.
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